CN113546063A - 一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊及其制备方法,所述的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊由缓释微丸灌装于胶囊而制得,所述缓释微丸由载药微丸依次包覆隔离层、缓释层制备而成;所述载药微丸由蔗糖微丸丸芯、盐酸美金刚、粘合剂以及抗粘剂组成;所述隔离层由成膜材料与抗粘剂组成;所述缓释层由缓释材料、增塑剂以及抗粘剂组成。本发明在配方以及工艺不同的情况下,其与原研药制剂盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊在药效上能够保持高度的一致性,与原研药制剂对比在多种溶出介质下的溶出曲线F2均大于50。另外,本品为由多个小微丸组成的胶囊剂,每粒胶囊的释放度值差异不大。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药技术领域,涉及药物制剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)是一种中枢神经系统退行性疾病,是老年期痴呆最常见的一种类型。一种脑细胞(神经元)恶化的不可逆进行性紊乱,其导致认知功能、主要记忆、判断和推理、运动协调性和图形识别的丧失。在该疾病的晚期,所有的记忆和智力功能都可能丧失。患有阿尔茨海默症的人在记忆、判断和思考方面存在问题,从而使其难以工作或参与日常生活。它和老年性痴呆,即与老龄有关的智力退化(智能丧失)有关联。老年性痴呆被定义为两种主要类型:由广义的萎缩症引起的阿尔茨海默型和由血管问题引起的,主要是中风等。在80岁以上的人中,20%患有阿尔茨海默症。尽管有能改善症状的药物,但阿尔茨海默症目前不能被治愈。据WHO在2012年4月公布数据显示,全世界有近3560万AD患者,预计人数到2030年翻一番(6570万),到2050年将达到现在的三倍。我国AD患者有600万左右,预计到2025年我国将有1000万AD患者。
盐酸美金刚是一种低中亲和力、非竞争性、强电压依赖性的N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体拮抗剂,可以阻断过度开放的受体,有效调控兴奋性递质,减缓神经退化过程,对阿尔茨海默症起到治疗作用,而没有其他N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体通常会有的对中枢神经的副作用,是FDA批准的第一个用于治疗中、重度老年痴呆症的药物,具有很好应用前景。
由于阿尔茨海默症需要长期服药,因此将盐酸美金刚制成缓释制剂可减少服用次数,方便患者应用,提高依从性。2010年6月,美国FDA批准森林公司的美金刚缓释胶囊(Namenda XR 7,14,21,28mg)用于治疗中、重度AD。低剂量用于起始剂量和肾功能严重损害者,维持剂量为28mg。
专利CN201410830047公开了一种用于治疗阿尔茨海默症的缓释制剂及其制备方法, 所述缓释制剂由缓释片芯和速释外层组成,所述速释外层包裹缓释片芯;该发明所制得的缓释制剂起效快、作用时间持久、稳定的效果,提高病人的依从性。但是此专利剂型为缓释片剂,与原研制剂剂型不同,因此在一致性上无法比较。
专利CN201410073178公开了一种盐酸美金刚缓释制剂,包括盐酸美金刚缓释迷你片,同样地,该专利剂型为缓释片剂,与原研制剂剂型不同,因此在一致性上无法比较。
专利CN201410254808公开了一种盐酸美金刚缓释药丸。该胶囊内填充物为盐酸美金刚缓释小丸,所述盐酸美金刚缓释小丸从里至外依次包括空白丸芯、含盐酸美金刚的主药层、隔离包衣层和缓释包衣层。该发明稳定性好、无突释现象,确保药物持续、均匀缓慢地释放药物,提高了产品的疗效。但是此产品为了解决盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的突释问题,加入了隔离包衣层,工艺较繁琐。
专利CN201110446337公开了一种盐酸美金刚缓释制剂的制备方法。是将含盐酸美金刚的含药小丸进行缓释包衣得到缓释微丸。通过挤出滚圆或者是溶液上药或是混悬液上药得到的含药小丸,该小丸在形状上接近圆形,对形状粒度可控的含药小丸进行缓释包衣,使得包衣形成的膜的厚薄也可控。但是该产品在24小时内的范围内释放,且12小时的释放程度与参比制剂 (原研药制剂)一致性低,参比制剂在12小试内释放程度达到85%以上。
由上可知,现有专利的美金刚制剂与Forest Lab和Merz公司联合开发的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊NamendaXR在药效一致性上相去甚远,目前市场上还未有符合要求的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊NamendaXR仿制药制剂。因此,有必要研发出一款以盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊NamendaXR为原研药制剂且具有高度一致性的仿制药制剂。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,本发明在配方以及工艺不同的情况下,其与原研药制剂盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊在药效上能够保持高度的一致性,与原研药制剂对比在多种溶出介质下的溶出曲线F2均大于 50。另外,本品为由多个小微丸组成的胶囊剂,每粒胶囊的释放度值差异不大。本发明的另一目的在于提供该盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,所述的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊由缓释微丸灌装于胶囊而制得,所述缓释微丸由载药微丸依次包覆隔离层、缓释层制备而成;所述载药微丸由蔗糖微丸丸芯、盐酸美金刚、粘合剂以及抗粘剂组成;所述隔离层由成膜材料与抗粘剂组成;所述缓释层由缓释材料、增塑剂以及抗粘剂组成。
本发明的进一步改进方案为:
所述蔗糖微丸丸芯粒径为0.6-0.71mm。
进一步的,所述缓释微丸在进行灌装之前需加入消静电剂混合后,再灌装于胶囊;所述消静电剂的加入量为所述缓释微丸重量的0.3%;所述消静电剂为滑石粉。
进一步的,所述缓释微丸由以下质量份的原料组成:盐酸美金刚28份、蔗糖微丸丸芯100~120份、粘合剂10~30份、抗粘剂10~30份、成膜材料6~12份、缓释材料10~20份、增塑剂1~2份。
进一步的,所述粘合剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素或聚维酮;所述抗粘剂为滑石粉、胶态二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁或硅酸镁;所述成膜材料为羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;所述缓释材料为乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂或醋酸纤维素;所述增塑剂为聚乙二醇6000、柠檬酸三乙酯或邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯。
进一步的,所述粘合剂为聚维酮K30;所述抗粘剂为滑石粉;所述成膜材料为羟丙甲纤维素;所述缓释材料为乙基纤维素;所述增塑剂为聚乙二醇6000。
本发明的更进一步改进方案为:
如上述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按以下重量份配比,称取各原料备用:盐酸美金刚28份、蔗糖微丸丸芯100~120份、粘合剂10~30份、抗粘剂10~30份、成膜材料6~12份、缓释材料10~20份、增塑剂1~2份;
以蔗糖微丸丸芯为空白丸芯,采用流化床底喷进行上药,依次进行载药层包覆、隔离层包覆以及缓释层包覆,来生产缓释微丸,再向缓释微丸中加入消静电剂,进行混合,而后灌装胶囊,得到盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊。
本发明的再进一步改进方案为:
所述载药层的包覆过程中,依次将盐酸美金刚原料药、粘合剂以及1/3的抗粘剂溶解于乙醇水溶液中,配制载药层底喷药液,所述乙醇水溶液的质量浓度为30%~50%,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆载药层时,流化床进风温度为33~43℃,稳态物料温度为24~36℃,蠕动泵转速为10~17g/min,雾化压力为0.8~1.5 bar,风量为80~120m3/h。
所述隔离层包覆过程中,依次将成膜材料与1/3的抗粘剂溶于纯化水中,配制隔离层底喷药液,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆隔离层时,流化床进风温度为55~65℃,稳态物料温度为35~50℃,蠕动泵转速为11~14g/min,雾化压力为2.0bar,风量为80~120m3/h;所述隔离层增重3%~7%。
所述缓释层包覆过程中,依次将缓释材料、增塑剂以及剩下的抗粘剂溶于乙醇水溶液中,配制缓释层底喷药液,所述乙醇水溶液质量浓度为70%~90%,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆缓释层时,流化床进风温度为35~40℃,稳态物料温度为28~30℃,蠕动泵转速为12~22g/min,雾化压力为1~2.0bar,风量为80~120m3/h;所述缓释层增重7%~8%。
本发明的有益效果为:
盐酸美金刚在水中的溶解度为0.05g/ml,其在乙醇中溶解度要明显高于水中溶解度,采用醇水溶液上药能显著缩短载药工艺时间,以50%乙醇水为例,1000粒批次处方,载药时间只需原来的40%。
隔离层成膜材料需要在载药微丸表面均匀铺展,形成连续致密的衣膜,从而起到隔离、保护载药丸的作用;由于盐酸美金刚在乙醇中的溶解度远大于水,而缓释层采用的是乙醇溶液包衣,在包衣过程中,药物可能迁移至包衣层中,从而影响药物最终的释放,因此需要在载药层外面包一层隔离层;本发明采用羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)作为隔离层成膜材料,并加入抗粘剂滑石粉,处方构成简单。
本发明的缓释层采用乙基纤维素70%~90%醇水溶液包衣,在包衣过程中随着溶剂的蒸发,聚合物浓度增大,原来在溶液中伸展的聚合物分子链卷曲并相互缠绕,随着残留溶剂的进一步蒸发,形成连续的包衣薄膜,该处方工艺不需要进行包衣结束后的热处理过程。
本发明在配方以及工艺不同的情况下,其与原研药制剂盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊在药效上能够保持高度的一致性,与原研药制剂对比在多种溶出介质下的溶出曲线F2均大于50。另外,本品为由多个小微丸组成的胶囊剂,每粒胶囊的释放度值差异不大。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊在pH1.2盐酸、pH4.5醋酸盐缓冲液以及pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶出曲线;
图2为实施例1~3制得的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊与原研药在pH1.2盐酸溶液(加氯化钠)介质中的溶出曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1-3
按下表配制各原辅料:
表1 盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊处方(10万粒)
按以下步骤制备盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊:
以蔗糖微丸丸芯为空白丸芯,采用流化床底喷进行上药,依次进行载药层包覆、隔离层包覆以及缓释层包覆,来生产缓释微丸,再向缓释微丸中加入消静电剂,进行混合,而后灌装胶囊,得到盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊。
载药层的包覆过程:依次将盐酸美金刚原料药、聚维酮(K30)以及滑石粉溶解于乙醇水溶液中,配制载药层底喷药液,所述乙醇水溶液的质量浓度为30%~50%,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆载药层时,流化床进风温度为33~43℃,稳态物料温度为24~36℃,蠕动泵转速为10~17g/min,雾化压力为0.8~1.5 bar,风量为80~120m3/h。
隔离层的包覆过程:依次将羟丙甲纤维素(E5)与滑石粉溶于纯化水中,配制隔离层底喷药液,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆隔离层时,流化床进风温度为55~65℃,稳态物料温度为35~50℃,蠕动泵转速为11~14g/min,雾化压力为2.0bar,风量为80~120m3/h;所述隔离层增重3%~7%。
缓释层的包覆过程:依次将乙基纤维素(10cps)、聚乙二醇(6000)以及滑石粉溶于乙醇水溶液中,配制缓释层底喷药液,所述乙醇水溶液质量浓度为70%~90%,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆缓释层时,流化床进风温度为35~40℃,稳态物料温度为28~30℃,蠕动泵转速为12~22g/min,雾化压力为1~2.0bar,风量为80~120m3/h;所述缓释层增重7%~8%。
试验例1
将实施例1~3制得的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊与原研比较,结果见表2:
表2 检验结果
由上表可知,三批的关键质量指标与原研比较,均无明显差异。
试验例2
取实施例1制得的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,考察其在pH1.2盐酸、pH4.5醋酸盐缓冲液以及pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中释放速率,结果见图1和表3。
表3 不同pH值介质中释放度比较
试验例3
在区分能力较好的pH1.2盐酸溶液(加氯化钠)介质中,比较实施例1~3制得的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊与原研药(BE研究用)的溶出曲线,试验结果采用FDA推荐的8个点计算的f2值以及质量标准对应的1h,4h,8h,12h四个点计算的f2值基本一致,均大于50。另外,本品为由多个小微丸组成的胶囊剂,每粒胶囊的释放度值差异不大,因此12粒胶囊的释放度RSD都很小,测定结果见图2及表4。
表4 pH1.2盐酸溶液+NaCl介质中的溶出曲线(n=12)
Claims (10)
1.一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,其特征在于,所述的盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊由缓释微丸灌装于胶囊而制得,所述缓释微丸由载药微丸依次包覆隔离层、缓释层制备而成;所述载药微丸由蔗糖微丸丸芯、盐酸美金刚、粘合剂以及抗粘剂组成;所述隔离层由成膜材料与抗粘剂组成;所述缓释层由缓释材料、增塑剂以及抗粘剂组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,其特征在于:所述蔗糖微丸丸芯粒径为0.6-0.71mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,其特征在于:所述缓释微丸在进行灌装之前需加入消静电剂混合后,再灌装于胶囊;所述消静电剂的加入量为所述缓释微丸重量的0.3%;所述消静电剂为滑石粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,其特征在于:所述缓释微丸由以下质量份的原料组成:盐酸美金刚28份、蔗糖微丸丸芯100~120份、粘合剂10~30份、抗粘剂10~30份、成膜材料6~12份、缓释材料10~20份、增塑剂1~2份。
5.根据权利要求1或2任意一项所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,其特征在于:所述粘合剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素或聚维酮;所述抗粘剂为滑石粉、胶态二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁或硅酸镁;所述成膜材料为羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;所述缓释材料为乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂或醋酸纤维素;所述增塑剂为聚乙二醇6000、柠檬酸三乙酯或邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊,其特征在于:所述粘合剂为聚维酮K30;所述抗粘剂为滑石粉;所述成膜材料为羟丙甲纤维素;所述缓释材料为乙基纤维素;所述增塑剂为聚乙二醇6000。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按以下重量份配比,称取各原料备用:盐酸美金刚28份、蔗糖微丸丸芯100~120份、粘合剂10~30份、抗粘剂10~30份、成膜材料6~12份、缓释材料10~20份、增塑剂1~2份;
以蔗糖微丸丸芯为空白丸芯,采用流化床底喷进行上药,依次进行载药层包覆、隔离层包覆以及缓释层包覆,来生产缓释微丸,再向缓释微丸中加入消静电剂,进行混合,而后灌装胶囊,得到盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述载药层的包覆过程中,依次将盐酸美金刚原料药、粘合剂以及1/3的抗粘剂溶解于乙醇水溶液中,配制载药层底喷药液,所述乙醇水溶液的质量浓度为30%~50%,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆载药层时,流化床进风温度为33~43℃,稳态物料温度为24~36℃,蠕动泵转速为10~17g/min,雾化压力为0.8~1.5 bar,风量为80~120m3/h。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述隔离层包覆过程中,依次将成膜材料与1/3的抗粘剂溶于纯化水中,配制隔离层底喷药液,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆隔离层时,流化床进风温度为55~65℃,稳态物料温度为35~50℃,蠕动泵转速为11~14g/min,雾化压力为2.0bar,风量为80~120m3/h;所述隔离层增重3%~7%。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种盐酸美金刚缓释胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述缓释层包覆过程中,依次将缓释材料、增塑剂以及剩下的抗粘剂溶于乙醇水溶液中,配制缓释层底喷药液,所述乙醇水溶液质量浓度为70%~90%,在流化床底喷进行上药包覆缓释层时,流化床进风温度为35~40℃,稳态物料温度为28~30℃,蠕动泵转速为12~22g/min,雾化压力为1~2.0bar,风量为80~120m3/h;所述缓释层增重3%~7%。
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