CN113532983B - Cutting test bench for stalk crops - Google Patents
Cutting test bench for stalk crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN113532983B CN113532983B CN202110703857.XA CN202110703857A CN113532983B CN 113532983 B CN113532983 B CN 113532983B CN 202110703857 A CN202110703857 A CN 202110703857A CN 113532983 B CN113532983 B CN 113532983B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
Abstract
The application relates to a stalk crop cutting test bench which comprises a workbench and a conveying device, wherein one side of the workbench is fixedly provided with a supporting frame, the other side of the workbench is provided with a testing device, the supporting frame is provided with two groups of cutting devices, the conveying device is positioned at the lower side of the cutting devices, the real condition of a road surface is simulated through the testing device, the generated vibration is transmitted to the workbench, when crops are conveyed through the vibration of the workbench and the conveying device and pass through the cutting devices, a first motor drives a cutting knife to cut the crop stalks through a cylindrical table, the crop stalks are crushed, and the cutting angle of the cutting knife and the crop stalks is adjusted in time through a cutter adjusting assembly according to different conditions simulated by a testing mechanism, so that the cutting device finishes harvesting of the crops in a constant cutting mode.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment testing, in particular to a cutting test stand for stalk crops.
[ background Art ]
In agricultural production, agricultural machinery equipment enables the agricultural production to trend to be large-scale, and along with the aggravation of the modern process of agriculture in China, the level of agricultural mechanization is continuously improved. The existing harvester is used as a feed for storing and breeding after cutting and crushing stalks of crops during harvesting operation. While agricultural equipment is often sampled on flat roadways during development and testing. When the harvester is actually used, the harvester is often vibrated or inclined due to the topography of a farmland, and the harvesting device cannot harvest crops at a constant angle, so that the heights of residual crop straws are inconsistent, and the effect of crushing the crop straws of the harvester is affected; or some natural factors cause crop lodging, so that the cutting knife on the harvester cannot be timely adjusted when the harvester is in time, and the harvester is suitable for farmlands under various conditions. Therefore, in the early stage of agricultural machinery development, a large number of tests simulating the real environment are required to verify and ensure that the agricultural machinery equipment maintains stable harvesting and crushing effects under different topography and various environments.
In the prior art, an agricultural machine cutting test device is not provided, which is used for researching the angular relationship between the reserved length and the crushing degree of the straw and the cutting knife on the harvesting device under different topography and different environments when the harvester works in the problems, so that the design of the cutting device on the cutting machine is optimized, and the harvesting and crushing effects of the agricultural machine cutting device are improved when the agricultural machine cutting test device is actually used.
[ application ]
Aiming at the defect of experimental data singleness in the prior art, the application provides a stalk crop cutting test stand, which timely adjusts cutting angles of a cutting knife and crops by simulating various conditions of a harvesting device during actual harvesting, thereby researching the relation between the retention length and crushing degree of stalks and the harvesting angle of the cutting knife when the harvesting device harvests crops.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: the cutting test bench for the stalk crops comprises a workbench and a conveying device, wherein a supporting frame is fixedly arranged on one side of the workbench, a testing device is arranged on the other side of the workbench, two groups of cutting devices are arranged on the supporting frame, and the conveying device is positioned on the lower side of the cutting devices;
the conveying device comprises a conveying belt, the conveying belt is in transmission connection with a power source through two transmission shafts, and a plurality of storage pieces for fixing crop straws are arranged on the conveying belt;
the cutting device comprises a first motor, a transmission shaft, a cylinder table, at least one cutting knife and at least one knife adjusting component;
the cylindrical table is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first motor;
the cutter adjusting assembly is arranged on the cylinder platform, and a plurality of cutting cutters are arranged on the circumference of the cutter adjusting assembly;
the testing device is used for simulating the real situation of the road surface and transmitting the vibration generated by the testing device to the workbench.
Preferably, the cylinder platform is provided with a central hole, at least one placement groove and at least one annular groove;
the mounting groove is formed in the inner wall of one side of the central hole and is buckled with a protruding block fixedly arranged at one end of the transmission shaft to form a storage cavity;
the annular groove is formed in the cylindrical table and is communicated with the containing cavity.
Preferably, the tool adjusting assembly comprises at least one set of oscillating members and at least one set of transmission members arranged in the receiving cavity and in transmission connection with the oscillating members located in the annular groove;
the swinging component comprises a plurality of hollow spheres and a circular ring.
The ring is sleeved with a plurality of hollow balls, and the ring is connected with the hollow balls through a transmission piece meshed with each other;
the ring is rotationally connected with the annular groove through a hollow ball which is arranged in the annular groove in a rolling way;
the transmission part comprises a second motor, a connecting shaft, a gear and a section of annular gear teeth meshed with the gear;
the annular gear teeth are arranged on the inner side of the circular ring and meshed with a gear sleeved on the connecting shaft;
the second motor is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the storage cavity, and the connecting shaft is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the second motor.
Preferably, a partition plate with a plurality of teeth is arranged between the conveying device and the two groups of cutting devices, and a channel for polymerizing crop straws is formed between every two teeth.
Preferably, the testing device comprises a fixed plate, a vibration module, at least one group of buffer assemblies and a pavement simulation module, wherein the vibration module is arranged on the fixed plate, a plurality of groups of buffer assemblies are slidably connected on the fixed plate, one ends of the buffer assemblies are provided with one pavement simulation module, and the other ends of the buffer assemblies are connected with the workbench ball heads;
the vibration module comprises a jacking rod, a third motor and a crank connecting rod assembly, one end of the jacking rod is connected with the third motor through the crank connecting rod assembly, and the other end of the jacking rod penetrates through the fixing plate and is connected with the workbench ball head;
the buffer component comprises a sliding column and a hollow column, one end of the sliding column is in sliding connection with the hollow column, the other end of the sliding column penetrates through the fixing plate and is provided with a ball joint, one side of the ball joint is connected with the workbench ball head, and the other side of the ball joint is elastically connected with the fixing plate;
the road surface simulation module comprises a cover plate, a base and a cover plate angle adjusting assembly, wherein the cover plate and the base are mutually buckled to form a storage space for accommodating the cover plate angle adjusting assembly.
Preferably, a plurality of groups of through hole assemblies are formed on the fixing plate, and each through hole assembly comprises a jacking hole, a plurality of sliding holes and a plurality of fixing holes;
the jacking hole is positioned in the middle of the fixed plate;
the jacking rod is arranged in the middle of the fixed plate and is in sliding connection with the jacking hole;
the sliding hole center points and the fixing hole center points respectively form two circles with the same shape and different sizes, and the circle center points of the circles are all positioned in the middle of the fixing plate.
A plurality of groups of ball head groove assemblies are arranged on one end face of the workbench, and each ball head groove assembly comprises a jacking groove and a swinging groove;
the jacking groove is positioned in the middle of the workbench;
the center point of the swinging groove corresponds to the center point of the sliding hole, and the center point of the swinging groove forms a circle.
Preferably, the crank connecting rod assembly comprises a disc, a connecting rod, a plurality of hinge shafts and an electric control adjusting component;
the disc is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the third motor, one side surface of the disc is inwards recessed to form a chute, and an electric control adjusting part for changing the movement track of the connecting rod is arranged in the chute;
one side of the connecting rod is connected with the jacking rod through a hinge shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the electric control adjusting component through another hinge shaft;
the electric control adjusting component comprises a first hydraulic cylinder and a sliding block;
the sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding way, one side of the sliding block is fixedly connected with a hydraulic rod on the first hydraulic cylinder, and the other side of the sliding block is connected with the connecting rod through a hinge shaft.
Preferably, the sliding columns are respectively connected with the sliding holes in a sliding manner, and ball joints of the sliding columns are respectively connected with the corresponding swing groove balls;
the center points of the connecting points of the ball joints on the sliding columns and the workbench form a circle, and the center point of the circular surface is positioned in the middle of the workbench.
Preferably, the outer side of the cover plate is an outer arc surface of an outer spherical surface, and an inner arc surface of an inner spherical surface is correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the storage space.
Preferably, the cover plate angle adjusting assembly comprises a cover plate jacking component and a rotating component;
the cover plate jacking component comprises at least two slide ways, a hollow shaft, a second hydraulic cylinder and a jacking block;
the sliding ways are correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the storage space up and down, and the jacking blocks and the hollow shafts are respectively arranged in the sliding ways in a sliding manner;
the hollow shaft is embedded with the second hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic rod on the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the jacking block;
the rotating part comprises a pinion, a large gear, a rotating shaft and a fourth motor;
the rotating shaft penetrates through the inner wall of the accommodating space and is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the accommodating space;
the gear wheel is meshed with a pinion fixedly sleeved on the hollow shaft.
The application has the advantages that:
according to the application, the real condition of a road surface is simulated by the testing device, the generated vibration is transmitted to the workbench, the workbench drives the cutting device to vibrate synchronously, the first motor drives the cutting knife to cut crop straws through the cylindrical table when crops are transported to pass through the cutting device by the vibration of the workbench and the transportation device, the crop straws are crushed, and the cutting angle of the cutting knife and the crop straws is adjusted in time by the knife adjusting component according to different conditions simulated by the testing mechanism, so that the cutting device finishes harvesting of the crops in a constant cutting mode, and further, the application can finish researching the relation between the retention length and crushing degree of the stalks and the harvesting angle of the cutting knife under different environments.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions referred to in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below with respect to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the drawings described in the present specification are only some possible embodiments of the present application, and other drawings identical or similar to the technical solutions of the present application can be obtained according to the following drawings without any inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a test stand for cutting stalk crops;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cutting device for a cutting test stand for stalk crops;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a cylindrical table of the cutting test stand for stalk crops;
FIG. 4 is an isometric sectional schematic view of a cutting device for a cutting test stand for stalk crops according to the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a hollow sphere of a stalk crop cutting test stand according to the present application.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a test device of a cutting test stand for stalk crops according to the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structural exploded view of a test device of a cutting test stand for stalk crops according to the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a fixed plate of a cutting test stand for stalk crops according to the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a bench for cutting test of stalk crops according to the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the structural exploded view of a crank-link assembly of a test stand for cutting stalk crops in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the structural exploded view of a buffer assembly of a test stand for cutting stalk crops according to the present application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the structural exploded view of a road surface simulation module of a cutting test stand for stalk crops according to the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a cover plate of a cutting test stand for stalk crops according to the present application.
In the drawing, a table 1, a ball groove assembly 10, a jack groove 100, a swing groove 101, a transporting device 2, a transporting belt 20, a storage 21, a transmission shaft 22, a cutting device 3, a first motor 30, a transmission shaft 31, a cylindrical table 32, a center hole 321, a mounting groove 322, an annular groove 323, a tool adjusting assembly 33, a swing part 331, a gear 3311, a connection shaft 3312, a second motor 3313, annular teeth 3314, a swing part 332, an annular ring 3321, a hollow ball 3322, a spur gear 3324, an annular channel 3325, a helical gear groove 3326, a cutter 34, a support frame 4, a partition plate 40, a testing device 5, a fixed plate 6, a through hole assembly 62, a jack hole 621, a plurality of slide holes 620, a fixed hole 622, a vibration module 7, a jack rod 70, a third motor 72, a crank link assembly 71, an electric control adjusting part 711, a disc 710, a first hydraulic cylinder 10, a slider 7191, a link rod 713, a hinge shaft 713, a buffer assembly 8, a slide post 80, a hollow post 81, a buffer spring 82, a spring 83, a road surface simulation module 919, a cover plate 90, a rotary angle adjusting part 9190, a hollow shaft 9111, a hollow shaft assembly 9111, a fourth rotary shaft 9111, a gear 9111, a rotary shaft assembly 912, a hollow shafts 9111, a rotary shaft assembly, a drive shafts 9111, and a drive shafts 9111.
[ detailed description ] of the application
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered as not existing, and not falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present application.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the cutting test stand for the stalk crops comprises a workbench 1 and a conveying device 2, wherein a support frame 4 is fixedly arranged on one side of the workbench 1, a testing device 5 is arranged on the other side of the workbench, two groups of cutting devices 3 are arranged on the support frame 4, and the conveying device 2 is positioned on the lower side of the cutting devices 3;
the conveying device 2 comprises a conveying belt 20, the conveying belt 20 is in transmission connection with a power source through two transmission shafts 22, a plurality of containing pieces 21 for fixing crop straws are arranged on the conveying belt 20, the power source is fixed to an external horizontal installation surface, and the influence on the conveying device 2 when the testing device 5 works is avoided, so that experimental results are disturbed;
further, various crops can be horizontally placed in the accommodating piece 21, so that the crop straws and the harvesting device are on the same plane;
further, various crops can be obliquely placed in the accommodating member 21, so that when the lodging of the crops is studied, the harvesting device can harvest the stem retention degree and the crushing degree of the stem.
The cutting device 3 comprises a first motor 30, a drive shaft 31, a cylindrical table 32, at least one cutting blade 34 and at least one blade adjustment assembly 33;
the cylinder platform 32 is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft 31, the transmission shaft 31 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first motor 30, and the first motor 30 is fixed on the support frame 4.
The cutter adjusting assembly 33 is arranged on the cylindrical table 32, a plurality of cutters 34 are circumferentially arranged on the cutter adjusting assembly 33, and preferably, the cutters 34 and the cutter adjusting assembly 33 are detachably connected through bolts or other modes meeting the conditions, so that the cutter adjusting assembly can be used for researching the conditions of the cutters 34 with different types and different materials when harvesting different crop straws, thereby optimizing the cutting edge angles of the cutters 34 and selecting the cutters 34 with the optimal materials to adapt to different crops;
the test device 5 is used for simulating the real situation of the road surface and transmitting the vibration generated by the test device to the workbench 1.
Firstly, it should be noted that in the prior art, crops are often harvested on a flat road surface by using agricultural mechanical equipment in a testing stage through a prototype, so that cutting and crushing degrees of the agricultural mechanical equipment are studied, and when the agricultural mechanical equipment is actually applied to harvesting crops, vibration and inclination of a certain angle are often caused due to uneven road surfaces under different ground conditions, and part of crops are lodged during harvesting, and an operator cannot timely adjust a harvesting device through an mechanical arm of the agricultural mechanical equipment, so that the retention degree of stalks is inconsistent during harvesting of the crops, the crushing degree of crushed stalks is influenced, and the agricultural mechanical equipment cannot be studied through the existing testing stage, so that the design of the harvesting device cannot be optimized.
According to the application, the real condition of a road surface is simulated by the testing device 5, the generated vibration is transmitted to the workbench 1, the workbench 1 drives the cutting device 3 to vibrate synchronously, the first motor 30 drives the cutting knife 34 to cut crop straws through the cylindrical table 32 when crops pass through the cutting device 3 through the vibration of the workbench 1 and the transportation device 2, the crop straws are crushed, and according to different conditions simulated by the testing mechanism, the cutting angle between the cutting knife 34 and the crop straws is adjusted in time by the cutter adjusting component 33, so that the cutting device 3 finishes harvesting of the crops in a constant cutting mode, and further, the application can finish researching the relation between the reserved length and crushing degree of the stalks and the harvesting angle of the cutting knife 34 under different environments.
As shown in fig. 3, the cylindrical platform 32 is provided with a central hole 321, at least one placement groove 322 and at least one annular groove 323;
the placement groove 322 is formed on the inner wall of one side of the central hole 321 and is buckled with the convex block 35 fixedly arranged at one end of the transmission shaft 31 to form a storage cavity;
further, as a preferred scheme, the arrangement groove 322 is symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the central hole 321, and two convex blocks 35 which are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft are respectively buckled with each other, so that the fixed connection between the transmission shaft 31 and the cylindrical table 32 is realized, and when the transmission shaft 31 drives the cylindrical table 32 to rotate, the moment transmission of the transmission shaft 31 can be uniformly transmitted to the cylindrical table 32, and when the moment transmission is avoided, the cylindrical table 32 can generate force swing, and interference is caused to experimental results.
An annular groove 323 is provided on the cylindrical table 32 and communicates with the receiving chamber.
Further, a plurality of annular grooves 323 are sequentially formed in the cylindrical table 32 along the length direction thereof, and the annular grooves 323 are rectangular annular cutting channels.
As shown in fig. 4, the tool adjusting assembly 33 comprises at least one set of oscillating members 332 and at least one set of transmission members 331, the transmission members 331 being arranged in the receiving cavity and in driving connection with the oscillating members 332 located in the annular groove 323;
the swinging component 332 comprises a plurality of hollow balls 3322 and a circular ring 3321, and one end surface of each hollow ball 3322 is preferably connected with a cutting knife 34 through a bolt;
the ring 3321 is sleeved with a plurality of hollow balls 3322, and the ring 3321 is connected with the hollow balls 3322 through a transmission piece meshed with each other;
further, the hollow ball 3322 is provided with an annular channel 3325 slidably connected with the annular ring 3321;
further, the transmission member includes a straight gear tooth 3324 and an inclined gear groove 3326, the straight gear tooth 3324 is fixedly disposed on the circular ring 3321, the inclined gear groove 3326 is formed on the inner wall of the annular channel 3325 on the hollow ball 3322, and when the circular ring 3321 rotates in the annular channel 3325, the hollow ball 3322 drives the cutter 34 to swing at a certain angle through the meshing transmission of the straight gear tooth 3324 and the inclined gear groove 3326, thereby realizing the adjustment of the angle of the cutter 34.
The circular ring 3321 rotationally connects the circular ring 3321 with the annular groove 323 by a hollow ball 3322 rolling in the annular groove 323;
further, two arc grooves are symmetrically formed in the rolling connection part between the ring-shaped cutting channel in the circular sliding groove and the hollow ball 3322, so that the hollow ball 3322 is in rolling connection with the circular sliding groove, and meanwhile, the hollow ball 3322 is limited, so that when the ring 3321 rotates in the annular groove 323, the hollow ball 3322 directly slides in the circular sliding groove through meshing transmission of the straight-wheel teeth 3324 and the inclined-tooth grooves 3326, and the angle adjustment of the hollow ball 3322 to the cutting tool 34 cannot be completed.
The transmission member 331 includes a second motor 3313, a connecting shaft 3312, a gear 3311, and a section of annular gear teeth 3314 meshed with the gear 3311;
the annular gear teeth 3314 are arranged on the inner side of the circular ring 3321 and meshed with the gear 3311 sleeved on the connecting shaft 3312;
the second motor 3313 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and a connecting shaft 3312 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the second motor 3313.
Further, when the workbench 1 is inclined at a certain angle and vibrates, the second motor 3313 can be controlled to rotate to drive the connecting shaft 3312 to rotate, the connecting shaft 3312 is driven to rotate after rotating to drive the gear 3311, the gear 3311 drives the circular ring 3321 to rotate in the annular groove 323 through the annular gear teeth 3314, the annular groove 323 drives the hollow ball 3322 to rotate through the engagement of the straight gear teeth 3324 and the inclined gear grooves 3326, the hollow ball 3322 drives the cutter 34 to adjust at a certain angle, so that the relation between the reserved length of the cutter 34 for cutting crop straws and the crushing degree of the straws in different environments is studied when the cutter 34 is used for harvesting crops, and meanwhile, the angle adjustment of the cutter 34 can be avoided when the position of the cutter 34 is used for cutting the joints of the crop straws in the harvesting device, so that the service life of the cutter 34 is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 2, a partition plate 40 with a plurality of teeth is arranged between the conveying device 2 and the two groups of cutting devices 3, and a channel for polymerizing crop straws is formed between every two teeth;
further, the width of the channel gradually decreases towards one side close to the cutting device 3, so that when the transportation device 2 drives the crop straws to pass through between the two cutting devices 3, the crops can automatically aggregate, the cutting of the cutting knife 34 is facilitated, and the reaping scene of the real crops is restored.
As shown in fig. 6-7, the testing device comprises a fixed plate 6, a vibration module 7, at least one group of buffer assemblies 8 and a pavement simulation module 9, wherein the vibration module 7 is arranged on the fixed plate 6, a plurality of groups of buffer assemblies 8 are slidably connected on the fixed plate 6, one end of each of the plurality of groups of buffer assemblies 8 is provided with one pavement simulation module 9, and the other end of each of the plurality of groups of buffer assemblies is connected with a ball head of the workbench 1;
the vibration module 7 comprises a lifting rod 70, a third motor 72 and a crank connecting rod assembly 71, one end of the lifting rod 70 is connected with the third motor 72 through the crank connecting rod assembly 71, the other end penetrates through the fixed plate 6 to be connected with the ball head of the workbench 1,
further, one end of the lifting rod 70 is a ball joint, and the other end is provided with a rotation hole, so that the lifting rod 70 is hinged with the workbench 1 through the ball joint and is hinged with the crank connecting rod assembly 71 through the rotation hole;
the buffer component 8 comprises a sliding column 80 and a hollow column 81, one end of the sliding column 80 is in sliding connection with the hollow column 81, the other end of the sliding column penetrates through the fixed plate 6 and is provided with a ball joint, one side of the ball joint is in ball connection with the workbench 1, and the other side of the ball joint is in elastic connection with the fixed plate 6;
further, a hollow cavity is formed in the hollow column 81, the sliding column 80 is connected with the inner wall of the hollow cavity through a damping spring 83, a damping spring 82 is sleeved on the sliding column 80, one end of the damping spring 82 is connected with the ball head, and the other end of the damping spring is connected with the fixing plate 6.
The pavement simulation module 9 comprises a cover plate 90, a base 92 and a cover plate angle adjusting assembly 91, wherein the cover plate 90 and the base 92 are mutually buckled to form a containing space for accommodating the cover plate angle adjusting assembly 91.
Further, the third motor 72, the crank-link assembly 71 and the cover plate angle adjusting assembly 91 are controlled by an internal controller, so that an operator can conveniently select the relation between road spectrum excitation information under any terrain and the crushing degree of crop straws and straws by adjusting the angle of the cutting knife on the cutting device in a certain range.
After the third motor 72 is started, the crank connecting rod assembly 71 is driven to move, the crank connecting rod assembly 71 drives the workbench 1 to move up and down through the lifting rod 70, the workbench 1 is in simple harmonic motion through sliding connection of the buffer assembly 8 and the fixed plate 6, at the moment, the vibration frequency and the vibration amplitude of the simple harmonic motion can be changed through adjusting the rotating speed of the motor and the motion state of the connecting rod 712, and the vibration frequency and the vibration amplitude of the simple harmonic motion can be used for simulating road spectrum excitation information under a topography;
the operator can also adjust the inclination angle of the cover plate 90 by controlling the cover plate angle adjusting component 91, so that the heights of the groups of buffer components 8 are different, and the inclination angle of the workbench 1 is the same as that of the cover plate 90 by the mode that the buffer components 8 are connected with the ball head of the workbench 1, so that the inclination angle of the workbench 1 is controlled by controlling the inclination angle of the cover plate 90, so that the workbench 1 can simulate the topography conditions of different inclination angles, and then the road spectrum excitation information under the topography of different inclination angles is simulated by the vibration module 7.
As shown in fig. 8, the fixing plate 6 is provided with a plurality of groups of through hole assemblies 62, and the through hole assemblies 62 comprise a jacking hole 621, a plurality of sliding holes 620 and a plurality of fixing holes 622;
the jacking hole 621 is positioned in the middle of the fixed plate 6;
further, the lifting hole 621 and the sliding hole 620 are both used for sliding connection with the shaft part, and as a preferable scheme, linear bearings are arranged in the lifting hole 621 and the sliding hole 620 in a pressure equalizing manner, so that friction force generated when the lifting hole 621 and the sliding hole 620 slide relatively to the shaft part is reduced.
The center points of the sliding holes 620 and the center points of the fixing holes 622 respectively form two circles with the same shape and different sizes, and the center points of the circles are all positioned in the middle of the fixing plate 6.
Further, the fixing hole 622 is used for detachably connecting the fixing plate 6 with a horizontal plane through bolts or other ways meeting the conditions, and by arranging the sliding hole 620 and the fixing hole 622, the acting force generated when the sliding hole 620 and the jacking hole 621 slide relatively to the shaft part can be uniformly dispersed on the fixing plate 6, so that the influence of the self-assembly problem in the application on the experimental result is reduced.
As shown in fig. 9, a plurality of groups of ball groove assemblies 10 are arranged on one end surface of the workbench 1, and the ball groove assemblies 10 comprise a jacking groove 100 and a swinging groove 101;
the jacking groove 100 is positioned in the middle of the workbench 1;
further, the jacking groove 100 is used for being connected with the ball head of the jacking rod 70, the acting force of the vibration module 7 is transmitted into the jacking groove 100 through the jacking rod 70, and the acting force transmitted by the vibration module 7 can be uniformly dispersed to the workbench 1 by locating the jacking groove 100 in the middle of the workbench 1.
The center point of the swing groove 101 corresponds to the center point of the slide hole 620, and the center point of the swing groove 101 constitutes a circle.
Further, when the swinging groove 101 and the jacking groove 100 are assembled, grease can be smeared in the grooves to reduce the friction force of rolling connection between the jacking groove 100 and the swinging groove 101 and the ball joint, and the lubrication degree is improved.
As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the lift-up lever 70 is provided at the middle of the fixing plate 6 and slidably coupled with the lift-up hole 621.
Further, the lifting rod 70 is used as a power output rod of the vibration module 7, so that the lifting rod is arranged in the middle of the fixing plate 6, and when power transmission is facilitated, the fixing plate 6 can be uniformly stressed, and the running stability of the device is further improved.
As shown in fig. 10, the crank link assembly 71 includes a disc 710, a link 712, a plurality of hinge shafts 713, and an electrically controlled adjustment member 711;
the disc 710 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the third motor 72, one side surface of the disc 710 is inwards recessed to form a chute, and an electric control adjusting part 711 for changing the movement track of the connecting rod 712 is arranged in the chute;
one side of the connecting rod 712 is connected with the lifting rod 70 through a hinge shaft 713, and the other end is connected with the electric control adjusting part 711 through another hinge shaft 713;
further, through holes are formed at both ends of the connecting rod 712, and the through holes on the connecting rod 712 are respectively connected with the jacking rod 70 and the electric control connecting component in a rotating way through the hinge shaft 713;
further, when the third motor 72 rotates, it drives the disc 710 to rotate, and the disc 710 drives the electric control adjusting component 711 thereon to rotate, so as to drive the connecting rod 712 to mechanically reciprocate, thereby making the lifting rod 70 move up and down.
As shown in fig. 10, the electrically controlled adjustment member 711 includes a first hydraulic cylinder 7110 and a slider 7111;
the sliding block 7111 is slidably disposed in the sliding groove, and one side of the sliding block 7111 is fixedly connected with a hydraulic rod on the first hydraulic cylinder 7110, and the other side is connected with the connecting rod 712 through the hinge shaft 713.
Further, the first hydraulic cylinder 7110 can be controlled by a controller, and during the movement of the crank-link assembly 71, the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rod on the first hydraulic cylinder 7110 can be controlled, so as to control the position of the sliding block 7111 in the sliding groove, thereby changing the amplitude of the mechanical reciprocating swing of the link 712, and further changing the amplitude of the up-and-down movement of the lifting rod 70.
As shown in fig. 7 and 11, the sliding posts 80 on the buffer assembly 8 are respectively connected with the sliding holes 620 in a sliding manner, and the ball joints of the sliding posts 80 are respectively connected with the corresponding balls of the swing grooves 101.
As shown in fig. 9 and 11, the center points of the connection points of the ball joints on the plurality of sliding columns 80 and the worktable 1 form a circular surface, and the center point of the circular surface is positioned in the middle of the worktable 1.
Further, after the cover plate 90 is inclined by a certain angle, the plurality of groups of buffer components 8 are different in height, and when the center points of the ball joints on the plurality of sliding columns 80 and the workbench 1 are positioned on a circular surface, the cover plate 90 is inclined and can be uniformly transmitted to the workbench 1 through the buffer components 8, so that the workbench 1 is inclined by the same angle, the accurate control of the workbench 1 is realized, and the influence on experimental results caused by inconsistent angles of the inclination of the common workbench 1 and the inclination of the cover plate 90 is avoided.
As shown in fig. 12-13, the outer side of the cover plate 90 is an outer arc surface of an outer sphere, and an inner arc surface of an inner sphere is correspondingly formed on the inner wall of the accommodating space.
Further, the outer arc surface of the outer side of the cover plate 90 is the same as the arc surface of the inner ring of the swing bearing, and the inner arc surface of the inner part of the accommodating space is the same as the inner arc surface of the outer ring of the same swing bearing, so that the cover plate 90 can incline for a certain angle along any direction within a certain range.
As shown in fig. 12-13, the cover angle adjustment assembly 91 includes a cover lift member 912 and a swivel member 911;
the cover plate jacking component 912 includes at least two slides, a hollow shaft 9123, a second hydraulic cylinder 9122, and a jacking block 9121;
the slide ways are correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the storage space up and down, and a jacking block 9121 and a hollow shaft 9123 are respectively arranged in the slide ways in a sliding manner;
further, the upper sliding track is an arc-shaped cutting surface with a semicircular arc, the lower sliding track is an annular cutting groove, as a preferred scheme, a ball matched with the upper sliding track is arranged on one side of the jacking block 9121 close to the upper sliding track in a rolling manner, and the hollow shaft 9123 is in sliding connection with the annular cutting groove.
A second hydraulic cylinder 9122 is embedded in the hollow shaft 9123, and a hydraulic rod on the second hydraulic cylinder 9122 is fixedly connected with the jacking block 9121;
further, the second hydraulic cylinder 9122 can be controlled by a controller, and an operator can drive the lifting block 9121 to lift by controlling the second hydraulic cylinder 9122, and the lifting block 9121 drives the cover plate 90 to incline within a certain range.
The rotating member 911 includes a pinion 9113, a large gear 9111, a rotating shaft 9112, and a fourth motor 9114;
the rotating shaft 9112 penetrates through the inner wall of the accommodating space and is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the accommodating space;
a fourth motor 9114 is fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 9112, a large gear 9111 is fixedly sleeved at the other end of the rotating shaft 9112, and the large gear 9111 is meshed with a small gear 9113 fixedly sleeved on the hollow shaft 9123.
Further, the inner wall of the storage space is provided with a communication hole for being rotationally connected with the rotating shaft 9112, preferably, a ball bearing is pressed in the communication hole, the communication hole is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft 9112 through the ball bearing, when the fourth motor 9114 rotates, the large gear 9111 is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft 9112, the large gear 9111 drives the hollow shaft 9123 to slide in the annular cutting groove through the small gear 9113, further, the jacking component is located in different directions of the cover plate 90, the cover plate 90 can be inclined in any direction, and therefore the influence of vibration generated under different topography on crop straw harvesting caused by the cutting angle of the cutting knife 34 on the research cutting device 3 is achieved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that modifications and additions may be made to the person skilled in the art without departing from the method of the present application, which modifications and additions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a stalk crop cutting test bench, includes workstation (1), conveyer (2), its characterized in that: a supporting frame (4) is fixedly arranged on one side of the workbench (1), a testing device (5) is arranged on the other side of the workbench, two groups of cutting devices (3) are arranged on the supporting frame (4), and the conveying device (2) is positioned on the lower side of the cutting devices (3);
the conveying device (2) comprises a conveying belt (20), the conveying belt (20) is in transmission connection with a power source through two transmission shafts (22), and a plurality of storage pieces (21) for fixing crop straws are arranged on the conveying belt (20);
the cutting device (3) comprises a first motor (30), a transmission shaft (31), a cylindrical table (32), at least one cutting knife (34) and at least one knife adjusting assembly (33);
the cylindrical table (32) is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft (31), and the transmission shaft (31) is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first motor (30);
the cutter adjusting assembly (33) is arranged on the cylindrical table (32), and a plurality of cutting cutters (34) are circumferentially arranged on the cutter adjusting assembly (33);
the testing device (5) is used for simulating the real situation of the road surface and transmitting the vibration generated by the testing device to the workbench (1);
the cylindrical table (32) is provided with a central hole (321), at least one placement groove (322) and at least one annular groove (323);
the placement groove (322) is formed on the inner wall of one side of the central hole (321) and is buckled with the convex block (35) fixedly arranged at one end of the transmission shaft (31) to form a storage cavity;
the annular groove (323) is formed on the cylindrical table (32) and is communicated with the containing cavity;
the tool adjusting assembly (33) comprises at least one set of swinging members (332) and at least one set of transmission members (331), wherein the transmission members (331) are arranged in the containing cavity and are in transmission connection with the swinging members (332) positioned in the annular groove (323);
the swinging component (332) comprises a plurality of hollow balls (3322) and a circular ring (3321);
a plurality of hollow balls (3322) are sleeved on the circular ring (3321), and the circular ring (3321) is connected with the hollow balls (3322) through a transmission piece meshed with each other;
the circular ring (3321) is rotationally connected with the annular groove (323) through a hollow ball (3322) which is arranged in the annular groove (323) in a rolling way;
the transmission part (331) comprises a second motor (3313), a connecting shaft (3312), a gear (3311) and a section of annular gear teeth (3314) meshed with the gear (3311);
the annular gear teeth (3314) are arranged on the inner side of the circular ring (3321) and meshed with a gear (3311) sleeved on the connecting shaft (3312);
the second motor (3313) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the storage cavity, and the connecting shaft (3312) is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the second motor (3313).
2. A stalk crop cutting test stand according to claim 1, wherein: a partition plate (40) with a plurality of teeth is arranged between the conveying device (2) and the two groups of cutting devices (3), and a channel for polymerizing crop straws is formed between every two teeth.
3. A stalk crop cutting test stand according to claim 1, wherein: the testing device comprises a fixed plate (6), a vibrating module (7), at least one group of buffer components (8) and a pavement simulation module (9), wherein the vibrating module (7) is arranged on the fixed plate (6), a plurality of groups of buffer components (8) are arranged on the fixed plate (6) in a sliding connection mode, one ends of the buffer components (8) are provided with the pavement simulation module (9), and the other ends of the buffer components are connected with the ball head of the workbench (1);
the vibration module (7) comprises a lifting rod (70), a third motor (72) and a crank connecting rod assembly (71), one end of the lifting rod (70) is connected with the third motor (72) through the crank connecting rod assembly (71), and the other end penetrates through the fixing plate (6) to be connected with the ball head of the workbench (1);
the buffer assembly (8) comprises a sliding column (80) and a hollow column (81), one end of the sliding column (80) is in sliding connection with the hollow column (81), the other end of the sliding column penetrates through the fixed plate (6) and is provided with a ball joint, one side of the ball joint is connected with a ball of the workbench (1), and the other side of the ball joint is elastically connected with the fixed plate (6);
the road surface simulation module (9) comprises a cover plate (90), a base (92) and a cover plate angle adjusting assembly (91), wherein the cover plate (90) and the base (92) are mutually buckled to form a storage space for accommodating the cover plate angle adjusting assembly (91).
4. A stalk crop cutting test stand according to claim 3, wherein: a plurality of groups of through hole assemblies (62) are formed in the fixing plate (6), and the through hole assemblies (62) comprise jacking holes (621), a plurality of sliding holes (620) and a plurality of fixing holes (622);
the jacking hole (621) is positioned in the middle of the fixed plate (6);
the jacking rod (70) is arranged in the middle of the fixed plate (6) and is in sliding connection with the jacking hole (621);
the center points of the sliding holes (620) and the center points of the fixing holes (622) respectively form two circles with the same shape and different sizes, and the center points of the circles are positioned in the middle of the fixing plate (6);
a plurality of groups of ball head groove assemblies (10) are arranged on one end face of the workbench (1), and each ball head groove assembly (10) comprises a jacking groove (100) and a swinging groove (101);
the jacking groove (100) is positioned in the middle of the workbench (1);
the center point of the swinging groove (101) corresponds to the center point of the sliding hole (620), and the center point of the swinging groove (101) forms a circle.
5. A stalk crop cutting test stand according to claim 3, wherein: the crank connecting rod assembly (71) comprises a disc (710), a connecting rod (712), a plurality of hinge shafts (713) and an electric control adjusting component (711);
the disc (710) is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the third motor (72), one side surface of the disc (710) is inwards recessed to form a chute, and an electric control adjusting component (711) for changing the movement track of the connecting rod (712) is arranged in the chute;
one side of the connecting rod (712) is connected with the lifting rod (70) through a hinge shaft (713), and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the electric control adjusting component (711) through another hinge shaft (713);
the electric control adjusting component (711) comprises a first hydraulic cylinder (7110) and a sliding block (7111);
the sliding block (7111) is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, one side of the sliding block (7111) is fixedly connected with a hydraulic rod on the first hydraulic cylinder (7110), and the other side of the sliding block is connected with the connecting rod (712) through a hinge shaft (713).
6. The stalk crop cutting test stand of claim 4, wherein: the sliding columns (80) are respectively connected with the sliding holes (620) in a sliding manner, and ball joints of the sliding columns (80) are respectively connected with the corresponding ball heads of the swinging grooves (101);
the center points of the connecting points of the ball joints on the sliding columns (80) and the workbench (1) form a circle, and the center point of the circular surface is positioned in the middle of the workbench (1).
7. A stalk crop cutting test stand according to claim 3, wherein: the outer side of the cover plate (90) is an outer arc surface of an outer spherical surface, and an inner arc surface of an inner spherical surface is correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the storage space.
8. A stalk crop cutting test stand according to claim 3, wherein: the cover plate angle adjusting assembly (91) comprises a cover plate jacking component (912) and a rotating component (911);
the cover plate jacking component (912) comprises at least two slide ways, a hollow shaft (9123), a second hydraulic cylinder (9122) and a jacking block (9121);
the slide way is correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the storage space up and down, and the jacking block (9121) and the hollow shaft (9123) are respectively arranged in the slide way in a sliding manner;
the hollow shaft (9123) is embedded with a second hydraulic cylinder (9122), and a hydraulic rod on the second hydraulic cylinder (9122) is fixedly connected with the jacking block (9121);
the rotating component (911) comprises a pinion (9113), a large gear (9111), a rotating shaft (9112) and a fourth motor (9114);
the rotating shaft (9112) penetrates through the inner wall of the accommodating space and is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the accommodating space;
a fourth motor (9114) is fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating shaft (9112), the large gear (9111) is fixedly sleeved at the other end of the rotating shaft, and the large gear (9111) is meshed with a small gear (9113) fixedly sleeved on the hollow shaft (9123).
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| CN117147218B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2023-12-26 | 中国农业大学 | Vehicle-mounted automatic soil collecting device and soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
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