CN211178822U - Seedling shearing force measuring device - Google Patents

Seedling shearing force measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211178822U
CN211178822U CN202020240842.5U CN202020240842U CN211178822U CN 211178822 U CN211178822 U CN 211178822U CN 202020240842 U CN202020240842 U CN 202020240842U CN 211178822 U CN211178822 U CN 211178822U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
clamping
cutter
seedling
shearing force
clamp
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN202020240842.5U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田焜源
孙居彦
刘明明
杨硕林
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Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University
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Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University
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Priority to CN202020240842.5U priority Critical patent/CN211178822U/en
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Abstract

The utility model provides a seedling shearing force measuring device, which comprises a cutter and a clamp, wherein the clamp comprises a base and two clamping plates which are arranged on the base oppositely, the clamping plates comprise a first plate and a second plate which are vertically butted to form an angle steel structure, the first plates of the two clamping plates are oppositely arranged, a clamping channel is formed in a gap between the first plates, the clamping channel is used for clamping seedling vines, the number of the clamped seedling vines is controlled by adjusting the width of the clamping channel, and the second plate is connected with the base in a matching way; the cutter is matched with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism drives the cutter to rotate at different rotating speeds and drives the cutter to move at different speeds, a special clamp structure of the seedling vines is arranged, the clamping state in the seedling vine harvesting process is simulated, the cutter is matched with a corresponding cutter to carry out cutting, the output state of the cutter is measured in real time, the shearing force required by the vine in the quantity is obtained according to the working state of the motor, and the purpose of designing a cutting and smashing mechanism in the auxiliary harvesting machine is achieved.

Description

Seedling shearing force measuring device
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of plant crushing, in particular to a seedling and vine shearing force measuring device.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
When existing crops planted in large areas are harvested, only fruits are harvested frequently, particularly for crops with seedling vines, such as peanuts, most of the crops are harvested by machinery or manpower, seedlings are not harvested, and the seedling vines are dried in the sun, concentrated and then burnt; the seedling vines of the crops can be used as high-quality livestock feed, and the economic benefit of the crop planting industry is reduced due to the traditional harvesting mode; however, few harvesting machines which can harvest seedlings and fruits are adopted at present, and when fruits are harvested, seedling vines are cut and crushed by using an internal cutter, seedlings and fruits can be harvested at the same time, so that economic benefits are improved.
The inventor finds that the cutting and crushing structure design of the existing harvesting machine for the seedling vines is not mature, the cutting power is not matched with the cutter, the motor model, the material state and the material quantity, after the cutter is determined, the type selection of the driving motor and the cutting power determine the production efficiency, and therefore the cutter shearing force needs to be determined; at present, a universal testing machine is mostly adopted for measuring the shearing force of crop straws, but the difference between the measuring method adopted by the universal testing machine and a saw blade of a crop with a seedling vine in the actual harvesting process is larger in cutting speed and cutting angle; when the universal testing machine is used for testing the shearing force of the straws, the quantity of the tested straws is one or more, the quantity of cutting materials is less, the process is not consistent with the process of cutting seedling vines in a large scale, and the test result is not consistent with the actual working state of a cutter during cutting the seedling vines.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a seedling shearing force measuring device aiming at the defects in the prior art, a special clamp structure of a seedling is arranged, the clamping state in the seedling harvesting process is simulated, a corresponding cutter is matched for cutting, the output state of the cutter is measured in real time, the shearing force required by the seedling in the quantity is obtained according to the working state of a motor, and the purpose of designing a cutting and crushing mechanism in an auxiliary harvesting machine is achieved.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a seedling shearing force measuring device comprises a cutter and a clamp, wherein the clamp comprises a base and two clamping plates which are oppositely arranged and installed on the base, the clamping plates comprise a first plate and a second plate which are vertically butted to form an angle steel structure, the first plates of the two clamping plates are oppositely arranged, a clamping channel is formed in a gap between the first plates, the clamping channel is used for clamping seedling vines, the number of the clamped seedling vines is controlled by adjusting the width of the clamping channel, and the second plate is connected with the base in a matched mode; the cutter is matched with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the cutter to rotate at different rotating speeds and drives the cutter to move at different speeds for cutting the seedling vines clamped on the clamp.
Further, the driving mechanism comprises a motor, the motor is matched with a driving shaft through a transmission mechanism, and the driving shaft is matched with a cutter to drive the cutter to rotate.
Further, the clamp is used for being matched with an external feeding mechanism to drive the clamp to move, and the relative position of the cutter and the clamp is changed, so that feeding is achieved.
Further, the feed mechanism has a speed at which the jig is driven to feed in the forward direction and a speed at which the jig is driven to feed in the reverse direction different from each other.
Further, the clamp further comprises a base, a pressing block is matched above the base through a connecting piece, a cushion block is arranged between the pressing block and the base, and a clamping part is formed between the pressing block and the cushion block and used for clamping the clamping plate.
Furthermore, the two clamping plates are respectively a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, a plurality of pressing blocks and cushion blocks are arranged, the pressing blocks and the cushion blocks are matched one by one to be divided into two groups, one group of corresponding clamping parts is matched with the first clamping plate, and the other group of corresponding clamping parts is matched with the second clamping plate; for constraining the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate to move in a direction parallel to the top surface of the base.
Further, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are jointly fitted with an adjusting bolt for changing the width of the clamping channel by rotation.
Furthermore, there are two sets of adjusting bolts, and the adjusting bolts are respectively installed at two ends of the clamping plate in a matching manner.
Furthermore, a reserved space is formed between the second plate and the top surface of the base and used for accommodating a lower structure of the seedling vines, and the height of the reserved space is adjusted by replacing cushion blocks with different heights.
Furthermore, a monitoring element is matched on the cutter and used for acquiring the output power of the cutter in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) clamping the seedling vines by using a clamping channel formed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, adjusting the width of the clamping channel according to the actual clamping state, and simulating the change of the actual clamping state at different harvesting speeds by adjusting the clamping channel corresponding to different quantities of seedling vines, so that the measurement condition is closer to the actual condition, and the precision in the measurement process is improved;
(2) the distance between the first clamping plate, the second clamping plate and the base can be adjusted, so that the height of the reserved space below is changed, the clamping height of the seedling vines is correspondingly adjusted, and the cutting height is easier to control;
(3) the feeding speed and the cutting direction can be changed, the speed change during actual harvesting is simulated, and the shearing force of different cutting speeds can be simulated by changing the rotating speed and the feeding speed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a top view of a clamp in embodiments 1, 2 of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a side view of a clamp in embodiments 1, 2 of the present disclosure.
In the figure, 1-base; 2-pressing plate cushion blocks; 3-briquetting; 4-a nut; 5-fixing the bolt; 6-adjusting the bolt; 7-a nut; 8-clamping plate; 9-cushion block.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in this disclosure, if any, merely indicate that the directions of movement are consistent with those of the figures themselves, and are not limiting in structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
As introduced in the background art, the measurement method adopted by the universal tester in the prior art has larger difference with the saw blade of the crops with the seedling vines in the actual harvesting process in terms of cutting speed and cutting angle; when the universal testing machine is used for testing the shearing force of the straws, the quantity of the tested straws is one or more, the quantity of cutting materials is less, the process of cutting seedling vines in a large scale is not consistent, the test result is not consistent with the actual working state of a cutter during seedling vine cutting, and the seedling vine shearing force testing device is provided.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, a vine shear force measuring device is provided.
At present, a universal testing machine is generally adopted for measuring the shearing force of crop straw materials, but the states of straws and seedling vines during harvesting are different, the straws are mostly in a single plant state arranged in a straight line, and the seedling vines present a state with more stems and leaves and complex distribution, so that when the shearing force is measured on the straw materials, the clamping amount is one or more, the cutting material is less, and the situation is different from the situation that large-batch cutting is needed during seedling vine harvesting, so that the problems that the test process is different from the actual working state, and the obtained result does not correspond are caused.
The universal tester consists of a measuring system, a driving system, a control system, a computer and other structures. During measurement, the crop straw material is sheared, the shearing force is measured through a sensor, and the shearing force is transmitted to a computer for analysis.
The power source of the universal tester host machine is an electric motor, and the movable cross beam is driven by the speed reducer and the lead screw to move upwards or downwards, so that the test piece generates tensile or compressive deformation. A force sensor arranged on the movable cross beam measures a force value, namely a load value, in the deformation process of the test piece; meanwhile, the rotation of the lead screw drives a photoelectric encoder inside the host machine, and the displacement value of the movable cross beam is converted through the controller. The force and displacement values are displayed as "test force" and "displacement" on the liquid crystal display of the host control panel.
The universal testing machine has the characteristics of working state, the number of clamped test pieces is small, no special fixture is used for fixing the test pieces during cutting, the lower test piece can be extruded when the cutter cuts the upper test piece, and the lower test piece is compressed to a certain degree, so that the density of the lower test piece is increased, and the subsequent measurement result is influenced.
In the actual harvesting process, taking the harvesting of peanuts as an example, when the integrated peanut harvester works, peanut seedlings are pulled up from a land, the upper parts of peanut seedling vines are clamped by chains, and the peanut seedling vines below the clamping parts are rotated and cut by a saw disc at a position 5 cm away from the ground by the chains.
The embodiment provides a device for measuring the shearing force of the seedling vines, which aims at the problems;
the main part comprises a clamp, a cutter and a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism drives the cutter to rotate at different rotating speeds and drives the cutter to move at different speeds, and the driving mechanism is used for cutting the seedling vines clamped on the clamp; the clamp comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate which are oppositely arranged, a clamping channel is formed in a gap between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, the clamping channel is used for clamping the seedling vines, and the number of the clamped seedling vines is controlled by adjusting the width of the clamping channel; the cutter is a saw blade;
for the measuring part, the cutter is matched with a monitoring element to obtain the output power of the cutter in real time, so that the shearing force required by the seedling vines is calculated according to the output power and the working state of the driving mechanism.
In this embodiment, the double housing planer can be used as a main body, the cutter mechanism is mounted on a beam of the double housing planer by using the structure of the double housing planer, a clamp is mounted on a workbench of the double housing planer, and the movement of the double housing planer is controlled to simulate the cutting process in the vine harvesting process;
the driving mechanism utilizes a motion system and a power and transmission system of the double housing planer to drive the cutter to rotate at different rotating speeds and to drive the cutter to move at different speeds, so as to adjust the relative position between the cutter and the clamp and cut the seedling vines clamped on the clamp.
Specifically, the seedling vine cutting saw disc is installed on a cross beam, power of a cutting device is provided by a motor, a main shaft of the cutting motor is connected with a driving wheel, a cutting data disc is connected with a driven wheel, the two wheels are driven by a belt, the transmission ratio is changed by changing the sizes of the driving wheel and the driven wheel, meanwhile, the rotating speed of the cutting motor is controlled by a first frequency converter, and the rotating speed of a cutting tool is adjusted under the combined action of the driving wheel and the driven wheel; the forward and reverse feeding speeds of the feeding system of the planer are different, and the rotating speed of the feeding motor is controlled by adopting the second frequency converter, so that the moving speed of the clamp is controlled to control the feeding speed, and the cutting of the seedling vines at different feeding speeds is realized.
The feeding speed is adjustable, and according to actual output, thereby the feeding speed is adjusted through the adjustment of converter feeding motor main shaft rotational speed, and simultaneously, cutting motor main shaft rotational speed is adjusted through another converter, and then can record under the different output, the shearing force of different cutting speed.
For the monitoring element, the monitoring element is used as a data acquisition structure to acquire data under different cutting conditions, in the embodiment, an ammeter and a voltmeter can be adopted to record the current and the voltage of the motor when the peanut vines are sheared under different cutting conditions; the rotating speed of the motor can be measured by using a tachometer, and the working state of the motor can be obtained through calculation; a wireless resistance type sensor can be arranged on the cutter to record the reading of the sensor;
through the acquisition process, the working state of the cutter during cutting is calculated and acquired, so that the shearing force of the cutter during cutting the vines is obtained, and the cutting and crushing structure of the harvesting machine is designed in an auxiliary mode according to the data.
The clamp part comprises a base 1, wherein a bolt hole is formed in the base, a fixing bolt is matched with the bolt hole, a pressing plate cushion block 2 and a pressing block 3 are sequentially matched above the fixing bolt and are fastened through a nut 4; a cushion block 9 is further arranged between the pressing block and the base, a clamping part is formed between the cushion block and the pressing block, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are matched with the corresponding clamping parts so as to be fixed on the base;
in this embodiment, the upper pressing plate cushion block is connected with the workbench through a T-shaped bolt, as shown in fig. 2, as the test is repeatedly performed, the clamp needs to be disassembled and assembled for many times, and in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly, a pressing block is added between the nut and the T-shaped bolt, and the disassembly and assembly of the clamp can be realized only by slightly loosening the nut and rotating the pressing block;
the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are both angle steel, the angle steel comprises a first plate and a second plate which are vertically butted, the second plate is correspondingly matched with the clamping part, and the first plate of the first clamping plate is over against the first plate of the second clamping plate to form a clamping channel; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are jointly fitted with an adjusting bolt 6 for changing the width of the clamping channel by turning.
A reserved space is formed between the second plate and the top surface of the base and used for accommodating a lower structure of the seedling vines, the height of the reserved space is adjusted by replacing cushion blocks with different heights, due to the limitation of the height of the device, the cutting position is located 10 cm above the ground of the peanut seedling vines during testing, in order to improve the stability of the device, a cushion block of 7 cm is additionally arranged between the clamping plate 8 and the top surface of the base, the reserved space can prevent fruits below the seedling vines from being crushed, and can also enable the clamp to be rigidly connected with the workbench, so that the stability of the device is improved.
The seedling vine clamp can clamp seedling vines according to harvest treatment capacity, the width between the two clamping plates can be adjusted according to an actual clamping chain state, so that the measuring condition is closer to the actual condition, and the clamping height of the seedling vines can be adjusted by the cushion blocks between the clamp bodies and the machine tool workbench, so that the cutting height is easier to control;
through the arrangement, a foundation is provided for measurement of the seedling vine shearing force, and the efficiency and the precision of the seedling vine shearing force measurement process are improved.
Example 2
In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a working method of the seedling vine shear force measuring device is provided.
Horizontally placing a clamping plate, and arranging the seedling vines on the clamping plate in a staggered manner, wherein the laying length of the seedling vines is about 80-100 cm in the embodiment;
after the arrangement is finished, the other clamping plate is connected with the first clamping plate through an adjusting bolt, a nut 7 corresponding to the adjusting bolt is screwed to enable the two clamping plates to clamp the seedling vines, the distance between the two clamping plates is set according to the clamping condition of a seedling vine clamping chain in actual harvesting, and the distance is set to be 3 cm in the embodiment;
placing a cushion block 9 with proper height on the inner side of the base 1, and placing a clamping plate 8 which is clamped completely on the cushion block 9, wherein the direction is parallel to the direction of a guide rail of the base 1; in this embodiment, the height of the pad is 7 cm;
placing a pressing plate cushion block 2 with proper height on a base 1, placing one end of a pressing block 3 on the pressing plate cushion block 2, placing the other end on the horizontal plane of a clamping plate 8, screwing a nut 4 for pressing, and clamping the seedling vines; in the embodiment, the height of the pressing plate cushion block is 10 cm;
adjusting the height of a cross beam of the planer to enable the set distance between the cutter and the seedling vine to be at the same horizontal height, presetting the rotating speed of a cutting motor, starting a feeding motor after the rotating speed is stable, and driving the clamp to move integrally by the feeding motor to realize feeding; in the embodiment, when the feeding distance is more than 50 cm, the cutter is in a stable rotating speed state;
controlling the feeding speed by using a frequency converter, reading and recording the reading of a current voltmeter when the motion to be cut is stable, calculating the shearing force, and recording the reading of a sensor if a resistance-type sensor is adopted; according to the actual harvesting speed, the rotating speed of a cutting motor and the rotating speed of a feeding motor are changed by a frequency converter, and the shearing force under different conditions is measured.
The forward and reverse feeding speeds of the planer are different, so that the cutting force under the condition of the reverse feeding speed can be measured, and the measuring method is the same as that in the forward measuring.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The device for measuring the shearing force of the seedling vines is characterized by comprising a cutter and a clamp, wherein the clamp comprises a base and two clamping plates which are oppositely arranged and installed on the base, each clamping plate comprises a first plate and a second plate which are vertically butted to form an angle steel structure, the first plates of the two clamping plates are oppositely arranged, a clamping channel is formed in a gap between the first plates, the clamping channel is used for clamping the seedling vines, the number of the clamped seedling vines is controlled by adjusting the width of the clamping channel, and the second plates are connected with the base in a matched mode; the cutter is matched with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the cutter to rotate at different rotating speeds and drives the cutter to move at different speeds for cutting the seedling vines clamped on the clamp.
2. The device for measuring seedling vine shear force according to claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a motor, the motor is coupled with a driving shaft through a transmission mechanism, and the driving shaft is coupled with a cutter to drive the cutter to rotate.
3. The device for measuring seedling shearing force as claimed in claim 2, wherein the clamp is used for cooperating with an external feeding mechanism to drive the clamp to move, so as to change the relative positions of the cutter and the clamp, thereby realizing feeding.
4. The device for measuring seedling shearing force as claimed in claim 3, wherein the feeding mechanism has a speed different between the forward feeding speed and the reverse feeding speed of the driving clamp.
5. The seedling vine shear force measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a pressing block is fitted over the base through a connecting member, a spacer block is provided between the pressing block and the base, and a clamping portion is formed between the pressing block and the spacer block for clamping the clamping plate.
6. The device for measuring the shearing force of the seedling vines as claimed in claim 5, wherein the two clamping plates are a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate respectively, the pressing blocks and the cushion blocks are provided in plurality, the pressing blocks and the cushion blocks are matched one by one and divided into two groups, one group of corresponding clamping parts are matched with the first clamping plate, and the other group of corresponding clamping parts are matched with the second clamping plate; for constraining the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate to move in a direction parallel to the top surface of the base.
7. The device for measuring seedling shearing force according to claim 6, wherein the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are matched with an adjusting bolt together for changing the width of the clamping channel by rotation.
8. The device for measuring seedling shearing force according to claim 7, wherein two sets of the adjusting bolts are respectively installed at two ends of the clamping plate in a matching manner.
9. The device for measuring the shearing force of the seedling vines as claimed in claim 8, wherein a reserved space is formed between the second plate and the top surface of the base for accommodating the lower structure of the seedling vines, and the height of the reserved space is adjusted by replacing the cushion blocks with different heights.
10. The device for measuring the shearing force of the seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutter is matched with a monitoring element for acquiring the output power of the cutter in real time.
CN202020240842.5U 2020-03-02 2020-03-02 Seedling shearing force measuring device Expired - Fee Related CN211178822U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202020240842.5U CN211178822U (en) 2020-03-02 2020-03-02 Seedling shearing force measuring device

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202020240842.5U CN211178822U (en) 2020-03-02 2020-03-02 Seedling shearing force measuring device

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112577727A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-03-30 美科特医疗科技(苏州)有限公司 Detection apparatus for chamber mirror anastomat cutting knife cutting speed

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112577727A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-03-30 美科特医疗科技(苏州)有限公司 Detection apparatus for chamber mirror anastomat cutting knife cutting speed

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Granted publication date: 20200804

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