CN113530626A - A fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle - Google Patents
A fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于有机朗肯循环的燃料电池余热发电系统，包括燃料电池冷却系统、有机朗肯循环装置和金属氢化物系统；燃料电池冷却系统包括，与电堆连接的冷却液管道，冷却液管道依次连接有机朗肯循环装置中的透平机和金属氢化物系统中的金属氢化物储存罐；有机朗肯循环装置包括相连接的发电机和透平机；金属氢化物系统包括相连接的金属氢化物储存罐和氢气罐，氢气罐与电堆连接。燃料电池的电堆的冷却装置被有机朗肯循环装置代替，电堆中的热量直接加热有机朗肯循环中的有机工质，电堆阴极的排气热量预热有机工质，引入了金属氢化物储存罐，吸收热力循环中的乏汽能量生成金属氢化物，提高能量利用效率的同时简化了系统结构。
The invention relates to a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on an organic Rankine cycle, comprising a fuel cell cooling system, an organic Rankine cycle device and a metal hydride system; the fuel cell cooling system includes a cooling liquid pipeline connected with a stack, cooling The liquid pipeline sequentially connects the turbine in the organic Rankine cycle device and the metal hydride storage tank in the metal hydride system; the organic Rankine cycle device includes the connected generator and the turbine; the metal hydride system includes the connected The metal hydride storage tank and the hydrogen tank are connected to the stack. The cooling device of the stack of the fuel cell is replaced by the organic Rankine cycle device. The heat in the stack directly heats the organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle, and the exhaust heat of the stack cathode preheats the organic working medium, and metal hydride is introduced. The storage tank is used to absorb the exhausted steam energy in the thermodynamic cycle to generate metal hydride, which improves the energy utilization efficiency and simplifies the system structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell waste heat utilization, in particular to a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is about 40%, the generated waste heat energy accounts for more than 50% of the total energy, the temperature range is about 60-80 ℃, the rest heat tastes low, and the thermal power is high, so the method for recycling the waste heat energy is an economical method.
The organic Rankine cycle is a Rankine cycle taking low-boiling-point organic matters as working media, wherein the organic working media can absorb heat from a waste heat source to form superheated steam, work is applied in a turbine to further realize waste heat power generation, discharged exhaust steam is condensed into liquid through the cooling process of a condenser, and the liquid is compressed by a circulating pump to return to the initial state of the cycle again.
In a traditional waste heat utilization system based on organic Rankine cycle, the problems of low heat exchange efficiency, complex system structure and the like are limited, so that the waste heat utilization rate is low and the parasitic loss is high. The thermodynamic cycle efficiency can be increased if the organic working fluid is preheated by extracting superheated steam, but this loses a part of the superheated steam, in this way the increase in thermodynamic cycle efficiency comes at the expense of the available heat capacity, which leads to a reduction in the power generation of the organic rankine cycle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on an organic rankine cycle, wherein a cooling device of an electric stack of a fuel cell is replaced by the organic rankine cycle device, heat in the electric stack is used for directly heating an organic working medium in the organic rankine cycle, and exhaust heat of a cathode of the electric stack is used for preheating the organic working medium. The metal hydride storage tank is introduced to absorb the dead steam energy in the thermodynamic cycle, so that the metal hydride generates reversible chemical reaction to resolve hydrogen, the gradient utilization of energy is realized, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the system structure is simplified.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention provides a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle, which comprises a fuel cell cooling system, an organic Rankine cycle device and a metal hydride hydrogen storage system;
the fuel cell cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the electric pile, and the cooling liquid pipeline is sequentially connected with a turbine in the organic Rankine cycle device and a metal hydride storage tank in the metal hydride storage system;
the organic Rankine cycle device comprises a generator and a turbine which are connected;
the metal hydride hydrogen storage system comprises a metal hydride storage tank and a hydrogen tank which are connected, wherein the hydrogen tank is connected with an inlet pipeline of the anode of the pile.
The electric pile is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The outlet of the hydrogen tank is connected with the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the anode of the pile. The hydrogen in the hydrogen tank is used as a fuel source when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell works.
And a hydrogen outlet of the anode of the galvanic pile is connected with a hydrogen circulating pump, and unconsumed hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen inlet pipeline for recycling. The heat generated in the electric pile is absorbed by the organic working medium and is transmitted to a turbine through a cooling liquid pipeline to do work, and the turbine drives a generator to realize waste heat power generation.
The dead steam of the organic working medium after acting in the turbine is conveyed to a metal hydride storage tank through a cooling liquid pipeline, and the metal hydride storage tank absorbs latent heat of gasification in the dead steam and releases hydrogen to be stored in a hydrogen tank. The organic working medium after losing heat becomes saturated liquid, is stored in a container in a centralized way, is conveyed to the heat exchanger through the working medium pump to absorb the air heat at the cathode outlet of the electric pile and complete preheating, and is finally conveyed to the electric pile to absorb the heat of the electric pile again to form circulation.
The heat exchanger is connected with an air outlet pipeline of the cathode of the electric pile, high-temperature air discharged by the electric pile is used for preheating the organic working medium, and the air after heat exchange is dissipated to the atmosphere.
An outlet temperature sensor and an inlet temperature sensor are arranged on the cooling liquid pipeline and used for controlling the temperature of the electric pile.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme or the technical schemes have the following beneficial effects
1. Organic working media in the organic Rankine cycle directly serve as cooling liquid of the electric pile, and waste heat of the electric pile is absorbed to become superheated steam. For organic rankine cycles, the evaporator is omitted; for pem fuel cells, the cooling fan is omitted.
2. The process of resolving hydrogen by the metal hydride absorbs the latent heat of vaporization of the dead steam in the organic Rankine cycle, the dead steam is cooled to be recovered to a saturated state, and a condenser is omitted for the organic Rankine cycle; for metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks, external heating devices are eliminated.
3. Compared with the traditional waste heat utilization system based on organic Rankine cycle, the system has the advantages of small heat exchange loss, higher overheat temperature of the working medium and higher thermodynamic cycle efficiency.
4. The hot air flow at the cathode outlet of the electric pile is utilized to preheat the unsaturated working medium at the outlet of the working medium pump, thereby further improving the utilization rate of waste heat and ensuring that the temperature difference of the working medium at the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile is kept within a certain range.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional organic Rankine cycle system provided in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a waste heat system according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-entropy cycle of an organic Rankine cycle in a waste heat utilization system provided by one or more embodiments of the invention;
in the figure: 1-evaporator, 2-circulating pump, 3-turbine, 4-condenser, 5-hydrogen circulating pump, 6-cooling water outlet temperature sensor, 7-galvanic pile, 8-cooling water inlet temperature sensor, 9-heat exchanger, 10-working medium pump, 11-electromagnetic valve, 12-turbine, 13-metal hydride storage tank, 14-storage container, 15-hydrogen tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background, in the conventional organic rankine cycle-based waste heat utilization system, the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle can be improved by extracting superheated steam to preheat the organic working medium, but a part of the superheated steam is lost, and in this way, the improvement of the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle is at the expense of available heat capacity, so that the power generation capacity of the organic rankine cycle is reduced.
Therefore, in the following embodiments, the cooling system of the stack of the pem fuel cell is replaced by the organic rankine cycle device, the heat in the stack is used for directly heating the organic working medium in the organic rankine cycle, the exhaust heat of the cathode of the stack is used for preheating the organic working medium, the metal hydride storage tank is introduced to absorb the exhaust steam energy in the thermodynamic cycle, so that the metal hydride undergoes a reversible chemical reaction to resolve hydrogen as the fuel supply of the PEMFC, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of energy, improving the energy utilization efficiency and simplifying the system structure.
The hydrogen and some metals or alloys can be reversibly chemically reacted to form metal hydrides, intermetallic compound alloy AyBzThe reversible reaction with hydrogen can be expressed as:
among them, it can be seen that the metal hydride can release hydrogen under certain conditions, and the reaction thereof to release hydrogen is an endothermic process. Research shows that most of metal hydrides suitable for low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells need about 10-20% of the stored hydrogen with high calorific value, and the metal hydrides can not desorb hydrogen at a rate meeting the fuel mass flow requirement when the electric pile works at the ambient temperature of 15-20 ℃, so that external heat supply is needed to achieve a sufficient hydrogen release rate. Most of the existing researches directly provide heat for metal hydride by using a cooling liquid of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the recovery amount of waste heat is limited by the heat absorption capacity of the metal hydride and the required desorption enthalpy, so that a large amount of waste heat still exists and is not utilized.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on an organic rankine cycle includes: a fuel cell cooling system, an organic rankine cycle device, and a metal hydride system;
the fuel cell cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the electric pile 7, and the cooling liquid pipeline is sequentially connected with a turbine 12 of the organic Rankine cycle device and a metal hydride storage tank 13 of the metal hydride system;
the organic Rankine cycle device comprises a turbine 12 connected with a generator, wherein the turbine 12 is connected with a cooling liquid pipeline of a cooling system of the fuel cell;
the metal hydride system includes a metal hydride storage tank 13 connected to a hydrogen tank 15, and the metal hydride storage tank 13 is connected to a coolant line of the fuel cell cooling system.
The outlet of the hydrogen tank 15 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile 7, the hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile 7 is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump 5, and the hydrogen circulating pump 5 delivers hydrogen to the hydrogen tank 15.
The cooling liquid pipeline is led out from a cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile 7 and is connected to a cooling liquid inlet of the galvanic pile 7 through a cooling water outlet temperature sensor 6, a turbine 12, a metal hydride storage tank 13, a storage container 14, an electromagnetic valve 11, a working medium pump 10, a heat exchanger 9 and a cooling water inlet temperature sensor 8 in sequence.
In the structure, the electric pile 7 is a device for converting chemical energy into electric energy, and heat generated inside the electric pile is directly absorbed by organic working media in the organic Rankine cycle device without an additional external cooler. The liquid organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle device absorbs waste heat in the galvanic pile to form superheated steam, and the superheated steam is converted into mechanical energy through a thermodynamic cycle process and further converted into electric energy.
The electric pile directly replaces an evaporator device in the organic Rankine cycle, an additional heat exchanger is not needed, and heat loss is reduced. The organic working medium is changed into a dead steam state after acting, heat in the dead steam is absorbed by a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank 13, the metal hydride absorbs the heat in the dead steam and releases hydrogen to be stored in a hydrogen tank 15, the hydrogen tank is used as a fuel source when a proton exchange membrane fuel cell works, the hydrogen tank is connected with an anode inlet of a galvanic pile, and reaction hydrogen at an anode outlet is guided into a hydrogen inlet manifold by a hydrogen circulating pump 5.
The traditional organic Rankine cycle thermodynamic cycle process is shown in figure 1, an evaporator 1 absorbs waste heat sources, high-temperature working media carrying heat enter a turbine to drive a generator to realize power generation, discharged exhaust steam enters a condenser to release heat to form liquid, and the liquid is driven by a circulating pump 2 to return to the evaporator 1 to continuously absorb heat to realize cycle.
As shown in fig. 3, the processes of (c) - (c) are thermodynamic cycle processes of the organic rankine cycle of the present embodiment, and the processes of (c) - (c) are thermodynamic cycle processes of the organic rankine cycle of the conventional waste heat utilization system. As shown in fig. 1, the process of ninthly-r is a working process when an external heat exchanger is used, the heat exchange process of the external heat exchanger causes more heat loss, the external heat exchanger and the evaporator 1 in the original organic rankine cycle are omitted in the embodiment, and the organic working medium directly enters the electric pile to absorb heat, so that the temperature at the position of (r) is higher than the temperature at the position of (ninthly). In order to fully utilize the heat generated by the electric pile, the air flow at the cathode outlet of the electric pile is used for preheating the organic working medium, which can improve the temperature of the organic working medium before entering the electric pile. The heat absorption characteristic of the metal hydride for releasing hydrogen is utilized, and the metal hydride replaces a condenser 4 in the original Rankine cycle to achieve the matched hydrogen releasing rate. The waste heat utilization system provided by the embodiment can provide higher superheated steam temperature, has higher thermodynamic cycle efficiency, can reduce parasitic power loss, and improves energy utilization efficiency.
In the temperature-entropy diagram, the processes of (I) - (IV):
the cooling liquid in the electric pile is replaced by an organic working medium in an organic Rankine cycle, the unsaturated working medium enters a cooling pipeline in the electric pile to absorb heat in the electric pile, is subjected to isobaric heating from an unsaturated state, is subjected to isobaric isothermal heating after entering a saturated state to be vaporized into saturated steam, and continues to absorb the heat of the electric pile until the heat becomes superheated steam.
Wherein, in the process of the first step and the second step, the unsaturated working medium exchanges heat with hot air flow at the cathode outlet of the galvanic pile in the heat exchanger (9) and is preheated to the first step, and the purpose is as follows: firstly, the temperature difference of working media of an inlet galvanic pile and an outlet galvanic pile is kept within a certain range, wherein the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile are measured by temperature sensors (6 and 8); and secondly, the preheated organic working medium further absorbs the waste heat of the cathode of the electric pile, and the regenerative energy extracted from the superheated steam is saved.
In the temperature-entropy diagram, the process of (iv) - (v):
superheated steam at the outlet of the electric pile cooling system enters a turbine (12) in an organic Rankine cycle, an organic working medium pushes blades to do work, the turbine is connected with a generator, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy to be output, the temperature of the organic working medium after the work is done is reduced, and the organic working medium becomes an exhaust steam state.
Temperature-entropy diagram in the process of (c) - (c):
the exhaust steam enters a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, the metal hydride absorbs latent heat of vaporization in the exhaust steam to obtain analytic enthalpy required by the analytic hydrogen, and meanwhile, the exhaust steam releases heat to the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, then the exhaust steam is recovered to a saturated liquid state, and the saturated liquid state is stored in a storage container 14.
In the temperature-entropy diagram, the processes of (c) - (g):
the saturated working medium is compressed into an unsaturated state under the action of the working medium pump 10, the pressure is slightly increased, and the flow of the saturated working medium entering the galvanic pile is controlled by the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 11. After the working medium in the unsaturated state enters the galvanic pile, the heat in the galvanic pile is absorbed to become saturated steam again, and then the circulation of the whole system is completed.
The system structure is simplified, and the parasitic power loss is reduced. Organic working media in the organic Rankine cycle directly serve as cooling liquid of the electric pile, and waste heat of the electric pile is absorbed to become superheated steam. Thus, for an organic rankine cycle, the evaporator is eliminated, and for a pem fuel cell, the cooling fan is eliminated. The process of resolving hydrogen by the metal hydride absorbs the latent heat of vaporization of the dead steam in the organic Rankine cycle, and the dead steam is cooled to be recovered to a saturated state. Therefore, a condenser is omitted for the organic Rankine cycle, and an external heating device is omitted for the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank.
The energy utilization rate is improved. Compared with the traditional waste heat utilization system based on organic Rankine cycle, the system has the advantages of small heat exchange loss, higher overheat temperature of the working medium and higher thermodynamic cycle efficiency. The hot air flow at the cathode outlet of the electric pile is utilized to preheat the unsaturated working medium at the outlet of the working medium pump, thereby further improving the utilization rate of waste heat and ensuring that the temperature difference of the working medium at the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile is kept within a certain range.
Metal hydrides, as a means of storing hydrogen, desorb hydrogen gas after absorbing heat, a process that consumes metal hydrides. As the system operates, the metal hydride is continuously consumed, and as with other energy storage systems, when capacity is insufficient, replenishment of the external metal hydride is required.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle is characterized in that: the system comprises a fuel cell cooling system, an organic Rankine cycle device and a metal hydride hydrogen storage system;
the fuel cell cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the electric pile, and the cooling liquid pipeline is sequentially connected with a turbine in the organic Rankine cycle device and a metal hydride storage tank in the metal hydride storage system;
the organic Rankine cycle device comprises a generator and a turbine which are connected;
the metal hydride hydrogen storage system comprises a metal hydride storage tank and a hydrogen tank which are connected, wherein the hydrogen tank is connected with an inlet pipeline of the anode of the pile.
2. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric pile is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
3. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the outlet of the hydrogen tank is connected to a hydrogen inlet pipeline of the anode of the pile.
4. A fuel cell cogeneration system based on an organic rankine cycle of claim 3, wherein: the hydrogen in the hydrogen tank is used as a fuel source when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell works.
5. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a hydrogen outlet of the anode of the galvanic pile is connected with a hydrogen circulating pump, and unconsumed hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen inlet pipeline for recycling.
6. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat generated in the electric pile is absorbed by the organic working medium and is transmitted to a turbine through a cooling liquid pipeline to do work, and the turbine drives a generator to realize waste heat power generation.
7. The organic Rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 5, wherein: the dead steam of the organic working medium after acting in the turbine is conveyed to a metal hydride storage tank through a cooling liquid pipeline, and the metal hydride storage tank absorbs latent heat of gasification in the dead steam and releases hydrogen to be stored in a hydrogen tank.
8. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 7, wherein: the organic working medium after losing heat becomes saturated liquid, is stored in a container in a centralized way, is conveyed to the heat exchanger through the working medium pump to absorb the air heat at the cathode outlet of the electric pile and complete preheating, and is finally conveyed to the electric pile to absorb the heat of the electric pile again to form circulation.
9. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 8, wherein: the heat exchanger is connected with an air outlet pipeline of the cathode of the electric pile, high-temperature air discharged by the electric pile is used for preheating the organic working medium, and the air after heat exchange is dissipated to the atmosphere.
10. The organic rankine cycle-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and an outlet temperature sensor and an inlet temperature sensor are arranged on the cooling liquid pipeline and are used for controlling the temperature of the electric pile.
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| CN202110800141.1A CN113530626B (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle |
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| CN114243056A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-25 | 中车株洲电机有限公司 | Fuel cell system with energy recovery module |
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