CN110911711A - Fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, fuel cell and fuel cell automobile - Google Patents
Fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, fuel cell and fuel cell automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110911711A CN110911711A CN201911274548.4A CN201911274548A CN110911711A CN 110911711 A CN110911711 A CN 110911711A CN 201911274548 A CN201911274548 A CN 201911274548A CN 110911711 A CN110911711 A CN 110911711A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly discloses a fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, a fuel cell and a fuel cell automobile. The fuel cell intake air supercharging system includes: the cooling loop is communicated with the fuel electric pile and is used for cooling the fuel electric pile; the pressurization module is communicated with the fuel electric pile and is used for providing compressed air for the fuel electric pile; the organic Rankine cycle circuit is respectively connected with the cooling circuit and the pressurization module and used for absorbing heat energy in the cooling circuit and converting the heat energy into kinetic energy, and the organic Rankine cycle circuit can provide the kinetic energy to the pressurization module. Waste heat in the fuel electric pile is converted into kinetic energy through the organic Rankine cycle loop, so that the pressurizing module is driven to work, the air inlet pressurizing function of the fuel electric pile is realized, part of electric energy generated by the fuel electric pile is saved, and the driving range of a fuel cell automobile is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, a fuel cell and a fuel cell automobile.
Background
A fuel cell vehicle is a vehicle using electric power generated by an on-vehicle fuel cell as power. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell widely adopted at present has the characteristics of high efficiency, zero emission and low noise, and adopts high-purity hydrogen as fuel to generate electric energy through chemical reaction with oxygen in air in a fuel electric pile to serve as a power source of a driving motor. In the fuel cell stack of the existing fuel cell automobile, the energy conversion efficiency of converting chemical energy into electric energy is only between 50% and 60%, and the rest energy is converted into heat energy. The fuel cell stack has high requirement on the working temperature, and in order to ensure efficient and safe operation of the fuel cell stack, waste heat of chemical reaction in the fuel cell stack needs to be discharged, the waste heat is mainly conveyed to an external radiator through circulating cooling water to be discharged, and the energy is not effectively utilized, so that the economy of the whole vehicle is influenced.
In order to increase the output power of the fuel cell, an air intake supercharger is often used to increase the mass of air entering the fuel cell stack, so as to increase the amount of hydrogen and oxygen participating in chemical reactions in the fuel cell stack, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the output power of the fuel cell. At present, the fuel cell is commonly used for realizing air intake pressurization by an electric supercharger, but the power source of the electric supercharger is directly from the electric energy generated by a fuel electric pile, so that a part of the electric energy is additionally consumed for air intake pressurization, and the driving range of a fuel cell automobile is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, a fuel cell and a fuel cell automobile, which are used for recycling waste heat discharged by a fuel cell stack to generate electric energy and supplying the electric energy to a pressurization module, so that part of electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is saved, and the driving range of the fuel cell automobile is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell intake plenum system comprising:
a cooling circuit in communication with the fuel cell stack for cooling the fuel cell stack;
the pressurization module is communicated with the fuel electric pile and is used for providing compressed air for the fuel electric pile;
the organic Rankine cycle circuit is respectively connected with the cooling circuit and the pressurization module and used for absorbing heat energy in the cooling circuit and converting the heat energy into kinetic energy, and the organic Rankine cycle circuit can provide the kinetic energy to the pressurization module.
Preferably, the organic Rankine cycle system further comprises a driving motor, and the driving motor is in driving connection with the pressurization module and the organic Rankine cycle loop.
Preferably, the organic rankine cycle circuit comprises an expander, the boosting module comprises an air compressor, the expander is connected with the air compressor through an intermediate shaft, and the driving motor is in driving connection with the intermediate shaft.
Preferably, the fuel cell intake air supercharging system further comprises a power supply and storage module electrically connected with the driving motor.
Preferably, the power supply and storage module comprises a high-voltage battery, a DCDC converter, a low-voltage battery and an inverter which are electrically connected in sequence, and the inverter is electrically connected with the driving motor to provide alternating current for the driving motor or convert electric energy generated by the driving motor into direct current.
Preferably, the pressurization module further comprises a pressurization intercooler, and the pressurization intercooler is connected between the air compressor and the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the organic Rankine cycle loop further comprises an organic working medium pump, a heat exchanger, a first three-way valve, a condenser and a condensing fan; the condensing fan is matched with the condenser and used for condensing the organic working medium in the condenser according to the cooling air quantity requirement
The organic working medium pump, the heat exchanger, the inlet of the first three-way valve, the first outlet of the first three-way valve, the expander and the condenser are sequentially communicated to form a first annular loop;
the organic working medium pump, the heat exchanger, the inlet of the first three-way valve, the second outlet of the first three-way valve and the condenser are communicated in sequence to form a second annular loop.
Preferably, the cooling circuit comprises a cooling working medium pump and a second three-way valve, an inlet of the cooling working medium pump is communicated with a cooling medium outlet of the fuel cell stack, a first outlet of the second three-way valve is communicated with the heat exchanger, and a second outlet of the second three-way valve is communicated with the cooling medium inlet of the fuel cell stack.
A fuel cell comprises a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, wherein the fuel cell air inlet pressurization system is connected with the fuel cell stack.
A fuel cell automobile comprises the fuel cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cooling circuit is in communication with the fuel cell stack and is configured to cool the fuel cell stack. The boost module is in communication with the fuel cell stack and is configured to provide compressed air to the fuel cell stack. The organic Rankine cycle circuit is respectively connected with the cooling circuit and the supercharging module and used for absorbing heat energy in the cooling circuit and converting the heat energy into kinetic energy, and the organic Rankine cycle circuit can provide the kinetic energy for the supercharging module. Waste heat in the fuel electric pile is converted into kinetic energy through the organic Rankine cycle loop, so that the pressurizing module is driven to work, the air inlet pressurizing function of the fuel electric pile is realized, part of electric energy generated by the fuel electric pile is saved, and the driving range of a fuel cell automobile is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell intake air supercharging system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another fuel cell intake air supercharging system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
111. an air cleaner; 112. an air compressor; 113. a charge air cooler is pressurized;
121. a hydrogen storage tank; 122. a hydrogen pressure reducing valve;
131. an organic working medium pump; 132. a heat exchanger; 133. a first three-way valve; 134a, a third pipeline; 134b, a fourth pipeline; 135. an expander; 136. a condenser; 137. a condensing fan;
141. a drive motor; 142. an inverter; 143. a low-voltage battery; 144. a DCDC converter; 145. a high voltage battery;
151. a cooling working medium pump; 152. a second three-way valve; 153a, a first pipeline; 153b, a second pipeline;
160. a fuel cell stack; 170. an intermediate shaft;
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the present invention, the directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner" and "outer" are used for easy understanding without making a contrary explanation, and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment provides a fuel cell air inlet pressurization system which is used in a fuel cell to recycle waste heat discharged by a fuel cell stack 160 to generate electric energy and provide the electric energy to a pressurization module.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell intake air supercharging system including a cooling circuit, a supercharging module, and an organic rankine cycle circuit. The cooling circuit communicates with the fuel cell stack 160 and serves to cool the fuel cell stack 160. The boost module is in communication with the fuel cell stack 160 and is configured to provide compressed air to the fuel cell stack 160. The organic Rankine cycle circuit is respectively connected with the cooling circuit and the supercharging module and used for absorbing heat energy in the cooling circuit and converting the heat energy into kinetic energy, and the organic Rankine cycle circuit can provide the kinetic energy for the supercharging module.
Waste heat in the fuel electric pile 160 is converted into kinetic energy through the organic Rankine cycle loop, so that the pressurizing module is driven to work, the air inlet pressurizing function of the fuel electric pile 160 is realized, a part of electric energy generated by the fuel electric pile 160 is saved, and the driving range of the fuel cell automobile is increased.
When the fuel electric stack 160 just starts to work, the waste heat is less, and the electric energy generated by the organic rankine cycle circuit is not enough to drive the boosting module to work, so the fuel cell intake boosting system further comprises a driving motor 141, and the driving motor 141 is in driving connection with the boosting module and the organic rankine cycle circuit. On the basis of meeting the air supercharging requirement, the organic rankine cycle can also output the redundant mechanical work to the driving motor 141, and at the moment, the driving motor 141 works as a generator.
In the present embodiment, the orc circuit includes an expander 135, the boosting module includes an air compressor 112, the expander 135 and the air compressor 112 are connected by an intermediate shaft 170, and the driving motor 141 and the intermediate shaft 170 are in driving connection.
The boost module also includes a boost intercooler 113, the boost intercooler 113 being connected between the air compressor 112 and the fuel cell stack 160. In order to prevent impurities from entering the fuel cell stack 160, an air filter 111 for filtering air is further connected to an inlet end of the air compressor 112, and the air filter 111 filters the air and outputs filtered clean air to the air compressor 112.
The air compressor 112 receives an output rotation torque of the driving motor 141 or the expander 135 through the intermediate shaft 170, and supercharges intake air. The supercharged air passes through the supercharged intercooler 113, cools the supercharged air, and is then output to the fuel cell stack 160.
The fuel cell intake boosting system may further include a hydrogen storage tank 121, and the hydrogen storage tank 121 is connected to the fuel cell stack 160 and is configured to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 160. The hydrogen storage tank 121 serves as a storage means for high-pressure hydrogen gas for fuel storage of the fuel cell. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve 122 is further disposed between the hydrogen storage tank 121 and the fuel cell stack 160, and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 122 is configured to release pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen, convert the high-pressure hydrogen into low-pressure hydrogen, and deliver the low-pressure hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 160 to perform a chemical reaction with oxygen in the air to generate electric energy.
The cooling circuit includes a cooling medium pump 151 and a second three-way valve 152, an inlet of the cooling medium pump 151 is communicated with a cooling medium outlet of the fuel cell stack 160, a first outlet of the second three-way valve 152 is communicated with the heat exchanger 132, and a second outlet of the second three-way valve 152 is communicated with a cooling medium inlet of the fuel cell stack 160.
In the process of generating electric energy by the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, the fuel cell stack 160 converts 40% -50% of the energy into heat energy, and releases the heat energy in the form of waste heat, and since the operating process of the fuel cell stack 160 is sensitive to the temperature requirement, the waste heat needs to be taken out of the fuel cell stack 160 by a cooling system to maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell stack 160. The mixture of glycol and water is often used as a cooling working medium for waste heat transfer, and is operated by a cooling working medium pump 151 to realize loop circulation of the cooling working medium. Whether the fuel cell stack 160 needs cooling is judged according to the outlet temperature of the cooling working medium of the fuel cell stack 160, the flow direction of the cooling working medium is controlled by the second three-way valve 152, and the cooling medium of the fuel cell stack 160 can be controlled to flow to the heat exchanger 132 in the organic Rankine cycle loop through a first pipeline 153a connected with the first outlet of the second three-way valve 152 or flow to the cooling medium inlet of the fuel cell stack 160 without passing through the heat exchanger 132 through a second pipeline 153b connected with the second outlet of the second three-way valve 152 by controlling the opening and closing of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second three-way valve 152, so that two circulation modes of heat dissipation through the heat exchanger 132 or self circulation of the fuel cell stack 160 are realized. The heat exchanger 132 can realize heat exchange between the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 160 and the organic Rankine cycle circuit, and transfer heat dissipated by the fuel cell stack 160 into the organic Rankine cycle circuit.
The organic Rankine cycle loop further comprises an organic working medium pump 131, a first three-way valve 133, a condenser 136 and a condensing fan 137; the organic working medium pump 131, the heat exchanger 132, the inlet of the first three-way valve 133, the first outlet of the first three-way valve 133, the expander 135 and the condenser 136 are sequentially communicated to form a first annular loop. The organic working medium pump 131, the heat exchanger 132, the inlet of the first three-way valve 133, the second outlet of the first three-way valve 133 and the condenser 136 are communicated in sequence to form a second annular loop. The condensing fan 137 is disposed in cooperation with the condenser 136, and is configured to condense the organic working medium in the condenser 136 according to the cooling air volume requirement.
The organic working medium pump 131 can realize stable circulation and pressure boosting of the liquid working medium in the organic Rankine cycle loop, the liquid organic working medium after pressure boosting is conveyed to the heat exchanger 132, heat exchange is carried out between the liquid organic working medium and waste heat from the cooling loop in the heat exchanger 132, the waste heat in the cooling loop is transferred to the organic Rankine cycle loop, the organic working medium has a phase change effect, and the high-pressure liquid state is converted into a high-pressure gas state. The first three-way valve 133 realizes different flow directions of the organic working medium according to different application scenarios, and the organic working medium can flow from the third pipeline 134a connected to the first outlet of the first three-way valve 133 to the expansion machine 135, or flow from the fourth pipeline 134b connected to the second outlet of the first three-way valve 133 to the condenser 136. The expander 135 is a device that outputs rotary mechanical work by means of high-pressure gas drive and converts high-pressure gas into low-pressure gas, high-pressure gaseous working medium expands in the expander 135 and becomes low-pressure gas to do work, the expander 135 is driven to output rotary mechanical work, and the intermediate shaft 170 transmits mechanical torque output by the expander 135 to the air compressor 112 for pressurizing air. On the basis of meeting the air pressurization requirement, redundant mechanical work can be output to the driving motor 141 through the intermediate shaft 170, at the moment, the driving motor 141 works as a generator, the generated alternating current is converted into direct current through the inverter 142, and the direct current is output to the low-voltage battery 143 to charge the low-voltage battery. The condenser 136 can dissipate heat of low-pressure gas flowing through the condenser by external air convection, so that the phase change process of the low-pressure organic working medium from gas to liquid is realized. The condensing fan 137 can realize different air volume adjustments of the condenser 136 and control the condensing process of the organic working medium. The working medium pump 131 further boosts the low-pressure liquid state to realize working medium flow in the Rankine cycle loop.
The fuel cell intake supercharging system further comprises a power supply and storage module, and the power supply and storage module is electrically connected with the driving motor 141. The power supply and storage module can provide electric energy for the driving motor 141, and when the kinetic energy generated by the organic rankine cycle is too much, the driving motor 141 can also be used as a generator to convert the excessive kinetic energy into electric energy, and the power supply and storage module can store the electric energy.
The power supply and storage module comprises a high-voltage battery 145, a DCDC converter 144, a low-voltage battery 143 and an inverter 142 which are electrically connected in sequence, and the inverter 142 is electrically connected with the driving motor 141 to supply alternating current to the driving motor 141 or convert electric energy generated by the driving motor 141 into direct current. Of course, in other embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the inverter 142 and the intake supercharging drive motor 141 are provided as an integrated structure to save the arrangement space. The specific form of the integrated structure of the inverter 142 and the intake supercharging driving motor 141 is the prior art, and therefore, will not be described herein.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the fuel cell stack 160 uses high-purity hydrogen as fuel to chemically react with oxygen in the air to generate electric energy, and the electric energy can be output to the high-voltage battery 145. The DCDC converter 144 may convert the electric energy of the high voltage battery 145 into a low voltage electric power to charge the low voltage battery 143. The low voltage battery 143 serves as a power source for the driving motor 141 and other low voltage accessories, and provides electrical power to the low voltage electronics. The inverter 142 may convert direct current power to alternating current power, or may convert alternating current power to direct current power. The high voltage battery 145 serves as a high voltage power storage device of the fuel cell system, and outputs high voltage power to the outside, and also charges the low voltage battery 143 through the DCDC converter 144. The driving motor 141 is disposed on the intermediate shaft 170 of the air compressor 112 and the expander 135, receives the ac power output from the inverter 142, converts the electric power into mechanical power, and outputs a rotational torque.
The fuel cell air inlet pressurization system provided by the embodiment has four working conditions, namely a driving motor pressurization working condition, a combined driving pressurization working condition, an organic Rankine cycle pressurization working condition and a fuel cell shutdown working condition. The details of the four operating conditions are as follows.
The driving motor is under a supercharging condition:
the fuel cell stack 160 starts, the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack is low, the low-voltage battery 143 serves as a power source of the intake air pressurization system, low-voltage direct current is output to the inverter 142, the direct current is converted into alternating current through the inverter 142 and is output to the driving motor 141, the driving motor 141 generates rotary mechanical energy which is transmitted to the air compressor 112 through the intermediate shaft 170, the rotary mechanical energy is provided for the air compressor 112, and the intake air is pressurized. The pressurized air flows through the charge intercooler 113 to be cooled, and the cooled pressurized air is output to the fuel cell stack 160, and chemically reacts with the low-pressure high-purity hydrogen gas, which is decompressed by the hydrogen storage tank 121 through the hydrogen decompression valve 122, inside the fuel cell stack 160 to generate electric energy. At this time, the organic rankine cycle does not work, the second three-way valve 152 controls the cooling working medium of the fuel cell stack 160 to flow into the fuel cell stack 160 through the second pipeline 153b, the cooling system realizes self-circulation, no waste heat is output, and the expansion machine 135 idles along with the coaxial driving motor 141.
The combined driving pressurization working condition is as follows:
the temperature in the fuel cell stack 160 gradually rises, and when the temperature exceeds the optimal working temperature range, the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 160 system needs to be dissipated at the moment so as to ensure that the working temperature of the fuel cell stack 160 is stable, and the second three-way valve 152 controls the cooling working medium of the fuel cell stack 160 to flow into the heat exchanger 132 through a pipeline. At the moment, the organic Rankine cycle loop starts to work, the organic working medium pump 131 boosts the organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle loop, conveys the boosted liquid organic working medium to the heat exchanger 132, exchanges heat with the waste heat from the fuel cell stack cooling loop, transfers the waste heat in the fuel cell stack cooling loop to the organic Rankine cycle loop, and the organic working medium has a phase change effect and is converted from a high-pressure liquid state to a high-pressure gaseous state. The high-pressure gaseous working medium flows through the expander 135, expands in the expander 135, becomes low-pressure gas and acts, and drives the expander 135 to output rotary mechanical work. The rotational mechanical energy generated by the expander 135 is transmitted to the air compressor 112 via the intermediate shaft 170. At this time, the organic rankine cycle is gradually involved in the driving process of the air compressor 112, the requirement of the intake supercharging driving power cannot be completely met, and the driving motor 141 still needs to consume a part of electric energy to supplement power for the driving motor, and is combined with the organic rankine cycle to provide power for the air compressor 112 to supercharge the intake air.
Organic Rankine cycle supercharging condition:
with the further operation of the fuel cell stack 160 system, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 160 continues to rise, the available waste heat energy of the fuel cell stack 160 is higher, and at this time, the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 160 system needs to be dissipated to ensure the stable operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 160 system, and the second three-way valve 152 controls the cooling medium of the fuel cell stack 160 to flow into the heat exchanger 132 through the pipeline. At the moment, the organic Rankine cycle loop starts to work, the organic working medium pump 131 boosts the organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle loop, the boosted liquid organic working medium is conveyed to the heat exchanger 132 to exchange heat with the waste heat from the cooling loop, the waste heat in the cooling loop is transferred to the organic Rankine cycle loop, the organic working medium undergoes phase change, and the organic working medium is converted from a high-pressure liquid state to a high-pressure gas state. The high-pressure gaseous working medium flows through the expander 135, expands in the expander 135, becomes low-pressure gas and acts, and drives the expander 135 to output rotary mechanical work. In this case, the orc circuit can completely satisfy the demand for the intake supercharging drive power, and the expander 135 independently supplies power to the air compressor 112 to supercharge the intake air.
When the residual heat energy of the fuel cell stack 160 is high and the mechanical power output by the expander 135 exceeds the required power of the air compressor 112, the excess mechanical power output can be output to the driving motor 141 through the intermediate shaft 170, at this time, the driving motor 141 works as a generator, and the generated alternating current is converted into direct current through the inverter 142 and is output to the low-voltage battery 143 to charge the low-voltage battery.
The shutdown condition of the fuel cell is as follows:
under the shutdown condition of the fuel cell system, the fuel cell stack 160 stops working, and at this time, in order to ensure uniform internal temperature of the fuel cell stack 160 and not generate local high temperature, the fuel cell stack cooling system is controlled to continue to operate for a period of time, and the second three-way valve 152 in the cooling loop controls the cooling working medium of the fuel cell stack 160 to flow into the heat exchanger 132 through the pipeline. Meanwhile, the organic Rankine cycle still participates in work, the first three-way valve 133 controls the organic working medium to flow through the fourth pipeline 134b and flow to the condenser 136, the organic working medium does not pass through the expander 135, the waste heat transfer of the fuel cell stack 160 is achieved, the resistance of the organic Rankine cycle loop can be reduced through the control mode, and meanwhile the service life of the expander 135 is prolonged.
The present embodiment provides a fuel cell, which includes a fuel cell stack 160 and the fuel cell intake air pressurization system described above, and the fuel cell intake air pressurization system is connected to the fuel cell stack 160.
The embodiment provides a fuel cell vehicle including the fuel cell described above.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell intake plenum system, comprising:
a cooling circuit in communication with the fuel cell stack (160) and configured to cool the fuel cell stack (160);
a boost module in communication with the fuel cell stack (160) and configured to provide compressed air to the fuel cell stack (160);
the organic Rankine cycle circuit is respectively connected with the cooling circuit and the pressurization module and used for absorbing heat energy in the cooling circuit and converting the heat energy into kinetic energy, and the organic Rankine cycle circuit can provide the kinetic energy to the pressurization module.
2. The fuel cell intake air boosting system according to claim 1, further comprising a drive motor (141), the drive motor (141) being drivingly connected to the boost module and the orc circuit.
3. The fuel cell intake air boosting system according to claim 2, wherein the orc circuit includes an expander (135), the boosting module includes an air compressor (112), the expander (135) is connected with the air compressor (112) through an intermediate shaft (170), and the driving motor (141) is in driving connection with the intermediate shaft (170).
4. The fuel cell intake air supercharging system of claim 2, further comprising a power supply and storage module electrically connected to the drive motor (141).
5. The fuel cell intake air supercharging system of claim 4, characterized in that the power supply and storage module includes a high-voltage battery (145), a DCDC converter (144), a low-voltage battery (143), and an inverter (142) electrically connected in sequence, and the inverter (142) is electrically connected to the driving motor (141) to supply alternating current to the driving motor (141) or convert electric energy generated by the driving motor (141) into direct current.
6. The fuel cell intake air boosting system of claim 3, wherein the boost module further comprises a boost intercooler (113), the boost intercooler (113) being connected between the air compressor (112) and the fuel cell stack (160).
7. A fuel cell intake air charging system according to claim 3, wherein the organic rankine cycle circuit further comprises an organic working medium pump (131), a heat exchanger (132), a first three-way valve (133), a condenser (136) and a condensing fan (137); the condensing fan (137) is matched with the condenser (136) and used for condensing the organic working medium in the condenser (136) according to the cooling air volume requirement
The organic working medium pump (131), the heat exchanger (132), the inlet of the first three-way valve (133), the first outlet of the first three-way valve (133), the expander (135) and the condenser (136) are communicated in sequence to form a first annular loop;
the organic working medium pump (131), the heat exchanger (132), the inlet of the first three-way valve (133), the second outlet of the first three-way valve (133) and the condenser (136) are communicated in sequence to form a second annular loop.
8. The fuel cell intake air charging system of claim 7, wherein the cooling circuit comprises a cooling working medium pump (151) and a second three-way valve (152), an inlet of the cooling working medium pump (151) being in communication with a cooling medium outlet of the fuel cell stack (160), a first outlet of the second three-way valve (152) being in communication with the heat exchanger (132), and a second outlet of the second three-way valve (152) being in communication with a cooling medium inlet of the fuel cell stack (160).
9. A fuel cell comprising a fuel cell stack (160) and a fuel cell inlet plenum system according to any of claims 1 to 8, said fuel cell inlet plenum system being connected to said fuel cell stack (160).
10. A fuel cell vehicle comprising the fuel cell according to claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911274548.4A CN110911711A (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Fuel cell air inlet pressurization system, fuel cell and fuel cell automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| WO2022207364A1 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | System and method for cooling a fuel cell |
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