CN113540502B - Fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen evaporation gas - Google Patents
Fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen evaporation gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113540502B CN113540502B CN202110800142.6A CN202110800142A CN113540502B CN 113540502 B CN113540502 B CN 113540502B CN 202110800142 A CN202110800142 A CN 202110800142A CN 113540502 B CN113540502 B CN 113540502B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen evaporation gas, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen tank and an air compressor which are respectively connected with a galvanic pile, the air compressor is connected with a hydrogen expander, and the hydrogen expander drives the air compressor to generate compressed air; the electric pile cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the electric pile, and the cooling liquid pipeline is respectively connected with the dividing wall type heat exchanger and a hot end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device; the waste heat power generation device comprises a hot end heat exchanger and a cold end heat exchanger which are respectively connected with the waste heat power generation device body; the hydrogen evaporation gas system comprises a hydrogen evaporation gas compressor and a buffer tank which are connected with the liquid hydrogen tank, wherein the hydrogen evaporation gas is compressed and recycled to be sent into the buffer tank, and then sequentially passes through a cold end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device and a dividing wall type heat exchanger of the electric pile cooling system to be connected with a hydrogen expander of the fuel cell system. The cold energy of the hydrogen evaporation gas is utilized to reduce the temperature of the cold end of the waste heat power generation device, so that the power generation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell waste heat utilization, in particular to a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen evaporation gas.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is about 40%, the generated waste heat energy accounts for more than 50% of the total energy, the temperature range is about 60-80 ℃, and the method for recycling the waste heat energy is economical.
Power generation devices such as thermal regenerative electrochemical cycle devices, thermoelectric power generation devices, and primary thermal batteries are commonly used to recover waste heat and generate additional electrical energy, and the power generation efficiency is related to the heat transfer rate and temperature at the hot and cold sides. In a traditional waste heat power generation device, a hot end absorbs heat in waste heat through a heat exchanger, and a cold end directly radiates heat to air.
When the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used as a heat source of the three waste heat power generation devices, the temperature range is about 60-80 ℃, so the temperature in the heat exchanger at the hot end is limited to 60-80 ℃ and is difficult to further increase, and the temperature of the heat exchanger at the cold end is limited to the ambient temperature and is difficult to further decrease, so that the power generation efficiency of the traditional power generation devices such as a heat regeneration electrochemical cycle device, a thermoelectric power generation device and a thermal primary cell which are directly used for waste heat recovery of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen evaporation gas, which utilizes the cold energy of the hydrogen evaporation gas to reduce the temperature of the cold end of a heat regeneration electrochemical circulation device, a thermoelectric power generation device or a thermoelectricity cell and other waste heat power generation devices, and simultaneously hydrogen generated by the hydrogen evaporation gas absorbing heat is directly supplied as fuel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The hydrogen evaporation gas is transmitted to the air compressor by the external mechanical work in the process of releasing the pressure in the hydrogen expander. The air compressor is an important part of an air intake subsystem of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and can improve the air intake pressure and flow of the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, so that the parasitic power loss of the part is reduced while the waste heat power generation efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen boil-off gas-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system, including: the system comprises a fuel cell system, a galvanic pile cooling system, a waste heat power generation device and a hydrogen evaporation gas system;
the fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen tank and an air compressor which are respectively connected with the electric pile, wherein the hydrogen tank receives hydrogen evaporation gas from the hydrogen evaporation gas system, the air compressor is connected with a hydrogen expander, and the hydrogen expander drives the air compressor to generate compressed air which enters the electric pile for power generation;
the electric pile cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the electric pile, and the cooling liquid pipeline is respectively connected with the dividing wall type heat exchanger and a hot end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device;
the waste heat power generation device comprises a hot end heat exchanger and a cold end heat exchanger which are respectively connected with the waste heat power generation device body;
the hydrogen evaporation gas system comprises a hydrogen evaporation gas compressor and a buffer tank which are respectively connected with the liquid hydrogen tank, wherein the hydrogen evaporation gas enters the buffer tank through the compressor and a pipeline respectively, sequentially passes through a cold end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device and a dividing wall type heat exchanger of the electric pile cooling system, and is connected with a hydrogen expander of the fuel cell system.
Two cooling liquid circulating pipelines are led out from a cooling liquid pipeline of the electric pile cooling system at a cooling water outlet of the electric pile and respectively comprise a first cooling liquid circulating pipeline and a second cooling liquid circulating pipeline.
The first cooling liquid circulating pipeline returns to the cooling water inlet through the hot end heat exchanger, the water tank, the second electromagnetic valve, the circulating pump and the cooling water inlet temperature sensor in sequence.
And the second cooling liquid circulating pipeline returns to the cooling water inlet through the first electromagnetic valve, the dividing wall type heat exchanger, the circulating pump and the cooling water inlet temperature sensor in sequence.
The waste heat power generation device comprises at least one of a heat regeneration electrochemical circulation device, a thermoelectric power generation device and a primary heat battery.
The fuel cell system is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and realizes power generation by utilizing hydrogen in a hydrogen tank and compressed air generated by compression of an air compressor.
The hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell system electric pile is also provided with a hydrogen circulating pump which conveys unconsumed hydrogen to a hydrogen tank for recycling.
Hydrogen evaporated gas dissipated by the liquid hydrogen tank due to the absorption of environmental heat is compressed by an evaporated gas compressor and then recycled into the buffer tank, and hydrogen released by the liquid hydrogen tank also enters the buffer tank; the gas in the hydrogen evaporation gas buffer tank is derived from the hydrogen evaporation gas released by the liquid hydrogen tank and the hydrogen evaporation gas collected from the irreversible dissipation of the liquid hydrogen tank; the hydrogen evaporated gas in the buffer tank enters the cold-end heat exchanger to dissipate heat of the cold end of the waste heat power generation device, the temperature of the hydrogen evaporated gas is reduced to be lower than the ambient temperature, and the hydrogen evaporated gas becomes a high-pressure low-temperature state after heat exchange of the cold-end heat exchanger.
After the cooling liquid absorbs heat in the electric pile, a part of the cooling liquid flows into a hot end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device through a first cooling liquid circulation pipeline, the heat in the cooling liquid is transferred to the hot end of the waste heat power generation device, the cooling liquid after heat exchange is stored in a water tank, and the cooling liquid is circularly guided into the electric pile under the action of a circulating pump.
And the other part of the cooling liquid flows into the dividing wall type heat exchanger through a second cooling liquid circulating pipeline, the heat of the cooling liquid is transferred to the hydrogen evaporation gas by using the dividing wall type heat exchanger, so that the pressure of the hydrogen evaporation gas is released, and the cooling liquid after heat exchange is introduced into the electric pile under the action of the circulating pump.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme or the technical schemes have the following beneficial effects
1. The waste heat power generation efficiency is improved. The power generation efficiency of the waste heat power generation devices such as the thermal regeneration electrochemical circulating device, the thermoelectric power generation device, the primary battery and the like is closely related to the temperature difference, the cold end temperature of the power generation devices is reduced by utilizing the cold energy of the hydrogen evaporation gas, the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the waste heat power generation device is further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the waste heat power generation device is improved.
2. The energy utilization rate and the system integration degree are improved. After the hydrogen evaporation gas is absorbed by multi-stage heat, mechanical energy can be further generated in the process of releasing pressure in the hydrogen expansion machine, and the part of energy is used for driving the air compressor to work, so that the cascade utilization of the energy is realized, and the energy loss is reduced.
3. The hydrogen evaporated gas dissipated by the liquid hydrogen tank due to the absorption of the ambient heat is recovered, the hydrogen after evaporation and heat absorption can be directly supplied as the fuel of the fuel cell, the system integration level is improved, and the dependence degree of the system on the supply of the external fuel is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture provided by one or more embodiments of the invention;
in the figure: 1-hydrogen circulating pump, 2-air compressor, 3-cooling water outlet temperature sensor, 4-electric pile, 5-cooling water inlet temperature sensor, 6-circulating pump, 7-hydrogen tank, 8-first electromagnetic valve, 9-hot end heat exchanger, 10-water tank, 11-second electromagnetic valve, 12-waste heat power generation device (12-1, thermal regeneration electrochemical circulating device, 12-2, thermoelectric power generation device, 12-3, thermobattery device), 13-hydrogen expander, 14-dividing wall type heat exchanger, 15-cold end heat exchanger, 16-hydrogen evaporation gas compressor, 17-liquid hydrogen tank, 18-hydrogen evaporation gas buffer tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle device is an electrochemical cell consisting of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an anion membrane, and the cycle process thereof includes heating, charging, cooling, discharging and the like, and in order to collect thermal energy, the cell absorbs heat from a high temperature heat source and releases heat at a low temperature. The battery, after being heated by the heat source, absorbs heat and is charged at a relatively low voltage. After being cooled, it will release heat at low temperatures and discharge at high voltages, the voltage difference between the charging and discharging processes determining the power output of the cycle, and thus the battery converts thermal energy into electrical energy.
A thermoelectric power generation device is also a device for converting thermal energy into electric energy, and is a semiconductor device capable of directly converting a heating flux (temperature difference) into electric energy, so that the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is generally limited to a low temperature difference.
The thermal battery is a primary battery, two electrodes of the thermal battery are respectively kept at different temperatures, the temperature difference can drive current to pass through a circuit, and then heat sources such as waste heat and the like are converted into electric energy, but the energy efficiency is only 0.1-1%.
Among the above-mentioned three kinds of waste heat power generation devices, can improve waste heat power generation efficiency through the increase temperature difference, and improve the hot junction temperature or reduce the cold junction temperature and can both increase the temperature difference.
The liquid hydrogen is an ultralow-temperature liquid hydrogen fuel, the energy storage density is very high, and the hydrogen storage mode has wide application prospect in the future. The storage temperature of the liquid hydrogen is-253 ℃, the storage temperature is much lower than the ambient temperature, the liquid hydrogen has potential cold energy, and the energy consumed by a compressor in the storage process accounts for about 30% of the total energy of the stored hydrogen. Since liquid hydrogen storage tanks are difficult to insulate absolutely from the environment, liquid hydrogen absorbs ambient heat and evaporates out of the gas, e.g. 200m3The daily evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen tank can reach more than 0.3 percent.
Therefore, the following embodiments utilize the cold energy of the hydrogen boil-off gas to lower the temperature of the cold end of the thermal regeneration electrochemical cycle device, the thermoelectric power generation device or the thermal power generation device such as the thermal battery, and the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen boil-off gas absorbing heat is directly supplied as the fuel of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The hydrogen evaporation gas is transmitted to the air compressor by the external mechanical work in the process of releasing the pressure in the hydrogen expander. The air compressor is an important part of an air intake subsystem of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and can improve the air intake pressure and flow of the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, so that the parasitic power loss of the part is reduced while the waste heat power generation efficiency is improved.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas includes: the system comprises a fuel cell system, a galvanic pile cooling system, a waste heat power generation device and a hydrogen evaporation gas system;
the fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen tank 7 and an air compressor 2 which are respectively connected with the electric pile 4, wherein the hydrogen tank 7 receives hydrogen evaporation gas from a hydrogen evaporation gas system, the air compressor 2 is connected with a hydrogen expander 13, and the hydrogen expander 13 drives the air compressor 2 to input compressed air into the electric pile 4 to realize power generation;
the galvanic pile cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the galvanic pile 4, and the cooling liquid pipeline is respectively connected with a hot end heat exchanger 9 and a dividing wall type heat exchanger 14 of the waste heat power generation device;
the waste heat power generation device comprises a hot end heat exchanger 9 and a cold end heat exchanger 15 which are respectively connected with the waste heat power generation device body;
the hydrogen evaporation gas system comprises a hydrogen evaporation gas compressor 16 connected with a liquid hydrogen tank 17, the hydrogen evaporation gas compressor 16 compresses dissipated hydrogen evaporation gas and then enters a hydrogen evaporation gas buffer tank 18 through a pipeline, the hydrogen evaporation gas released by the liquid hydrogen tank also enters the hydrogen evaporation gas buffer tank 18, and then the hydrogen evaporation gas sequentially passes through a cold end heat exchanger 15 of the waste heat power generation device and a dividing wall type heat exchanger 14 of the electric pile cooling system and is connected with a hydrogen expander 13 of the fuel cell system.
A cooling liquid pipeline of the galvanic pile cooling system leads two cooling liquid circulating pipelines, namely a first cooling liquid circulating pipeline and a second cooling liquid circulating pipeline, from a cooling water outlet of a galvanic pile 4 through a cooling water outlet temperature sensor 3;
the first cooling liquid circulating pipeline returns to the cooling water inlet through a hot end heat exchanger 9, a water tank 10, a second electromagnetic valve 11, a circulating pump 6 and a cooling water inlet temperature sensor 5 in sequence;
the second cooling liquid circulation pipeline returns to the cooling water inlet through the first electromagnetic valve 8, the dividing wall type heat exchanger 14, the circulation pump 6 and the cooling water inlet temperature sensor 5 in sequence.
The waste heat power generation device 12 is any one of a heat regeneration electrochemical circulation device 12-1, a thermoelectric power generation device 12-2 or a primary heat battery 12-3.
The fuel cell system utilizes hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 7 and compressed air in the air compressor 2 to realize power generation, and a hydrogen circulating pump 1 is further arranged at a hydrogen outlet of the electric pile 4 to convey unconsumed hydrogen to the hydrogen tank 7 for recycling.
As shown in FIG. 1, the heat generated by the electric pile 4 during operation is taken out of the system through the circulating water in the cooling system, and the heat of the cooling liquid is dissipated by the waste heat power generation device 12 such as the heat regeneration electrochemical circulation device 12-1, the thermoelectric power generation device 12-2 or the primary heat battery 12-3. Wherein, the hot junction of waste heat power generation facility absorbs the heat in the circulating water, and the cold junction is carried out the heat dissipation through wall type heat exchanger 14 by hydrogen vapor. The cold and hot temperature difference of the waste heat power generation device is used as the drive of power generation to generate electric energy. The hydrogen vapor absorbs heat and is stored in the hydrogen tank 7 to be supplied as fuel to the pem fuel cell.
After the cooling liquid of the electric pile absorbs the heat in the electric pile, a part of the cooling liquid flows into a hot end heat exchanger 9 of the waste heat power generation device, the heat in the cooling liquid is transferred to the hot end of the waste heat power generation device, the cooling liquid after heat exchange is stored in a water tank 10, and the cooling liquid is circularly guided into the electric pile under the action of a circulating pump 6. Wherein, the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile is measured by the temperature sensors 3 and 5, the flow rate of the cooling liquid is controlled according to the temperature range, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is controlled by the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 11.
The waste heat power generation device comprises a thermal regeneration electrochemical circulating device, a thermoelectric power generation device, a primary thermal battery and other devices which are driven by temperature difference, wherein the hot end of the device is connected with a hot end heat exchanger at the outlet of a cooling liquid of the electric pile and used for absorbing heat in the cooling liquid and used as thermal drive of the power generation device, and the cold end of the device is connected with a cold end heat exchanger 15 of hydrogen evaporation gas and used for absorbing cold energy in the hydrogen evaporation gas. In consideration of the limitations of the heat capacity and the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger and the hydrogen evaporation gas, the waste heat power generation device is formed by the joint work of a plurality of modules, so that the utilization amount of waste heat is improved.
The liquid hydrogen tank cannot be insulated in an absolute sense, and part of the liquid hydrogen still absorbs heat to be vaporized, so in the embodiment, the hydrogen evaporation gas comes from two parts, one part of the hydrogen evaporation gas is recovered by the hydrogen evaporation gas compressor 16, the liquid hydrogen tank 17 absorbs the hydrogen evaporation gas dissipated by the ambient heat, and the other part of the hydrogen evaporation gas is directly released by the liquid hydrogen tank 17; the two parts of hydrogen evaporation gas enter the hydrogen evaporation gas buffer tank 18, enter the cold end heat exchanger 15 through the pipeline, and serve as a heat dissipation device to continuously dissipate heat for the cold end of the waste heat power generation device, and reduce the temperature of the waste heat power generation device to be lower than the ambient temperature, so that the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the waste heat power generation device is improved.
The hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 7 is derived from hydrogen boil-off gas, wherein the hydrogen boil-off gas becomes a high-pressure low-temperature state after heat exchange in the cold-end heat exchanger 15. In order to release the pressure of the hydrogen evaporation gas, the hydrogen evaporation gas firstly absorbs heat in another part of the stack cooling liquid in the dividing wall type heat exchanger 14, wherein the flow rate of the stack cooling liquid is controlled by the opening degree of the first electromagnetic valve 8, and the stack cooling liquid flows into a pipeline a in front of the circulating pump 6 after heat exchange. The hydrogen evaporated gas after absorbing the heat of the stack coolant is expanded in the hydrogen expander 13, and the hydrogen released to a certain pressure is stored in the hydrogen tank, which can be directly supplied as the fuel of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The hydrogen expander is connected to the air compressor 2 in the air intake subsystem, where the mechanical work of the hydrogen boil-off gas is used to drive the air compressor, which is used to provide an excess air intake, which reduces the parasitic power losses of the air compressor. The work of the hydrogen expander is not only limited to driving the air compressor, but also can be used for driving components such as a water pump and the like.
The waste heat power generation efficiency is improved, the power generation efficiency and the temperature difference of waste heat power generation devices such as a thermal regeneration electrochemical circulation device, a thermoelectric power generation device, a thermal primary battery and the like are closely related, the cold end temperature of the power generation devices is reduced by utilizing the cold energy of hydrogen evaporation gas, the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the power generation devices is further increased, and the power generation efficiency of the waste heat power generation devices is improved.
The energy utilization rate and the system integration degree are improved. After the hydrogen evaporation gas is absorbed by multi-stage heat, mechanical energy can be further generated in the process of releasing pressure in the hydrogen expansion machine, and the part of energy is used for driving the air compressor to work, so that the cascade utilization of the energy is realized, and the energy loss is reduced. The obtained hydrogen can be directly used as fuel supply of the fuel cell, the system integration level is improved, and the dependence degree of the system on external fuel supply is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen evaporation gas is characterized in that: the system comprises a fuel cell system, a galvanic pile cooling system, a waste heat power generation device and a hydrogen evaporation gas system;
the fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen tank and an air compressor which are respectively connected with the electric pile, wherein the hydrogen tank receives hydrogen evaporation gas from the hydrogen evaporation gas system, the air compressor is connected with a hydrogen expander, and the hydrogen expander drives the air compressor to generate compressed air which enters the electric pile for power generation;
the electric pile cooling system comprises a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the electric pile, and the cooling liquid pipeline is respectively connected with the dividing wall type heat exchanger and a hot end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device;
the waste heat power generation device comprises a hot end heat exchanger and a cold end heat exchanger which are respectively connected with the waste heat power generation device body;
the hydrogen evaporation gas system comprises a hydrogen evaporation gas compressor and a buffer tank which are respectively connected with the liquid hydrogen tank, wherein the hydrogen evaporation gas enters the buffer tank through the compressor and a pipeline respectively, sequentially passes through a cold end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device and a dividing wall type heat exchanger of the electric pile cooling system, and is connected with a hydrogen expander of the fuel cell system.
2. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: and two cooling liquid circulating pipelines, namely a first cooling liquid circulating pipeline and a second cooling liquid circulating pipeline, are led out from a cooling liquid pipeline of the galvanic pile at a cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile.
3. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the first cooling liquid circulating pipeline returns to the cooling water inlet of the electric pile through the hot end heat exchanger, the water tank, the second electromagnetic valve, the circulating pump and the cooling water inlet temperature sensor in sequence.
4. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the second cooling liquid circulating pipeline returns to the cooling water inlet of the galvanic pile through the first electromagnetic valve, the dividing wall type heat exchanger, the circulating pump and the cooling water inlet temperature sensor in sequence.
5. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waste heat power generation device comprises at least one of a heat regeneration electrochemical circulation device, a thermoelectric power generation device and a primary heat battery.
6. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel cell system is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell which realizes power generation by utilizing hydrogen in a hydrogen tank and air obtained by compression of an air compressor.
7. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: and a hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell system galvanic pile is also provided with a hydrogen circulating pump, and unconsumed hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen tank for recycling.
8. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas in the hydrogen evaporation gas buffer tank is derived from the hydrogen evaporation gas released by the liquid hydrogen tank and the hydrogen evaporation gas collected from the irreversible dissipation of the liquid hydrogen tank; the hydrogen evaporated gas enters the cold-end heat exchanger to radiate heat of the cold end of the waste heat power generation device, the temperature of the hydrogen evaporated gas is reduced to be lower than the ambient temperature, and the hydrogen evaporated gas becomes a high-pressure low-temperature state after heat exchange of the cold-end heat exchanger.
9. A hydrogen boil-off gas-based fuel cell waste heat power generation system according to claim 3, wherein: after the cooling liquid absorbs heat in the electric pile, a part of the cooling liquid flows into a hot end heat exchanger of the waste heat power generation device through a first cooling liquid circulation pipeline, the heat in the cooling liquid is transferred to the hot end of the waste heat power generation device, the cooling liquid after heat exchange is stored in a water tank, and the cooling liquid is circularly guided into the electric pile under the action of a circulating pump.
10. The fuel cell waste heat power generation system based on hydrogen boil-off gas according to claim 4, characterized in that: after the cooling liquid absorbs heat in the galvanic pile, the other part of the cooling liquid flows into the dividing wall type heat exchanger through the second cooling liquid circulating pipeline, the heat of the cooling liquid is transferred to the hydrogen evaporation gas by the dividing wall type heat exchanger, so that the pressure of the hydrogen evaporation gas is released, and the cooling liquid after heat exchange is introduced into the galvanic pile under the action of the circulating pump.
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