CN113527009A - 一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法及其产品 - Google Patents
一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法及其产品 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
本发明是一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法及其产品,将生产复合肥所使用的氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、保水缓释材料、其它原料按照比例在反应罐中进行混匀,保水缓释材料为凹凸棒粉、膨润土、硅藻土,添加一定比例的融合剂进行融合,将融合的混合物添加入一定的模具中成型,将成型的混合物经定型、抛光、筛分、计量包装后即为成品,产品折合球体直径范围为1 cm~7 cm,单颗粒重量范围为10 g~200 g。本发明的生态保水缓释肥料具备高效的保水保肥的特点,所用的保水缓释材料来源均为天然矿物,无人工合成保水材料,环保且成本低,大颗粒复合肥在施用时可极大程度地做到精准施肥,一株植物一颗肥料,降低人工成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物肥料领域,特别是涉及一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法及其产品。
背景技术
化肥是我国重要的战略物资,可显著提高农作物的产量、品质。农资市场中存在着各种各样的肥料,主要有氮肥、磷肥、钾肥单质肥料,也含有氮、磷、钾两种营养元素的二元复合肥,或者三种元素的三元复合肥,在复合肥的基础上有钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、铜、锌、钼等元素的多元复合肥。复合肥的生产方法有团粒法、料浆法、熔体造粒法、掺混法、挤压法、涂布选粒法等。
化肥的施用带来了大量的养分淋失,其中氮素利用率仅为30 %~35 %,大量养分损失直接带来了大量的经济损失,同时,淋失的养分进入水体、空气等环境中,为环境带来直接或间接的危害。
缓释肥料可以降低养分损失、温室气体排放、水体和空气污染、生物多样性损失等一系列生态环境问题。缓释型氮肥可减少氮素损失,包膜型缓释肥可减少23 %~42 %的氮素损失,硝化抑制剂型可减少58 %的氧化亚氮损失;脲酶抑制剂型可减少50 %的氨挥发;研究还表明,缓释氮肥在施氮水平较高时减排贡献更大。
缓释肥料可以分为化学分解型缓释肥(如脲甲醛型缓释肥料)、物理阻隔型缓释肥料(如硫包衣型缓释肥料、肥包肥型缓释肥料)、 物理阻隔型控施型肥料(如聚合物包膜肥)、生化抑制型稳定性缓释肥料(脲酶抑制剂、硝化抑制剂等)。当前,脲甲醛、聚合物包膜、硫包衣型缓释肥料为我国市场上常见的缓释肥料。膜衣材料不环保是包膜缓释肥料发展的限制因子。
化肥通常情况下单粒重0.0060 g~0.0700 g,农户施肥方式多为撒施、沟施、穴施,农作物施肥均匀度较差,同一块地两株作物施肥量差可能达到2倍以上。小颗粒缓释肥料缓释效果差。
本发明使用凹凸棒粉、膨润土、硅藻土等天然矿物粉作为化肥生产的保水缓释材料,能够极大的降低养分损失,提高肥料利用率,保持肥料稳定供肥、降低肥际危害。
本发明生产的产品根据不同的作物及环境需求,做成不同大小的球体、长方体、圆柱体、三角柱体,如20 g、40 g、60 g、80 g、100 g、120 g、140 g,每株作物需要1粒或者几粒肥料,极大地控制了肥料的施用量,方便了植物养分的管理。
发明内容
本发明的目的首先在于提供一种态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料,具有保水、养分缓释、生态环保,低肥际危害,能够显著提高作物产量;
本发明的目的在于一种态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,工艺成本低,且养分损耗少。
一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:肥料与保水缓释材料混合-添加融合剂-成型-定型-抛光-筛分-计量包装。
所述,肥料占比为30 %~70 %,保水缓释材料的占比为30 %~70 %。
所述,保水缓释材料为凹凸棒粉、膨润土、硅藻土中的一种或多种,粒度为20~1000目。
所述,肥料成分为尿素、氯化铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、硝酸钾、硫酸钾、氯化钾、硝酸钙、其它小颗粒复合肥中的一种或多种。
所述方法,融合剂为水,融合剂添加量为肥料及保水缓释材料总重的5 %~20 %。
所述方法,其特征在于定型工艺采取低温负压、低温烘干、磨具挤压的一种或多种,其中低温负压与低温烘干交替进行效果最佳。
所述方法,其特征在于产品有长方体、圆柱体、三角柱体、球体,其重量范围为10 g~200 g,直径范围1.00 cm~7.00 cm。
本发明的优点在于:
本专利产品保水性能高,吸水倍率为0.2~10;
本专利产品肥料养分释放速率慢,释放时间长,缓释效果明显,养分释放时间为市场上缓释肥料的50~100 倍(附图1、2),且在养分不释放的情况下植物可吸收利用肥料养分;
本专利产品无肥际危害,植物根系可深入肥料内部吸收营养(附图3);
低温负压干燥消耗时间短,低温负压干燥工艺比低温常压干燥工艺缩短时间90 %(附图4),凝结效果好,低温常压干燥工艺容易造成肥料出现裂缝,低温负压工艺肥料凝结较好,无肥料裂缝;
本专利产品肥料硬度大,硬度稳定时间长,产品对包装的要求不高,可以采取桶装,也可以采取袋装;
本专利产品颗粒形状可以是球体、长方体、圆柱体、三角柱体,极具有市场特征;
本专利产品根据不同作物需要,产品的重量范围从10g~200g,球体的直径范围可为1.00 cm~7.00 cm,专利产品单颗粒肥料直径保持一致、重量保持一致,可以准确对每株作物进行统一的养分管理,标准差仅为普通颗粒肥料的10 %,大大提高施肥准确性(附表1);
肥料生产所需要的原材料均为天然材料,生态环保;
肥料生产所需要的原材料价格便宜,投资少。
本发明原理:
将氮磷钾肥料与保水缓释材料按照一定的比例混合均匀后,添加融合剂,混匀,后经磨具挤压成特定形状,经过若干次低温负压、低温烘干、挤压一种或者多种处理定型,筛分,计量包装,形成肥料产品。
本发明的技术方案:
一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法及其产品,所述方法包括步骤为肥料与保水缓释材料混合-添加融合剂-成型-定型-抛光-筛分-计量包装,具体如下:
将氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、复合肥、保水缓释材料按照比例在反应罐中进行混匀;
将所述的混合物中添加一定比例的融合剂,混匀;
将上述混合物添加入磨具内,进行压实,倒出磨具;
将颗粒进行若干次真空、烘干、挤压一种或者多种处理定型,筛分,计量包装。
所述,肥料成分为尿素、氯化铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、硝酸钾、硫酸钾、氯化钾、硝酸钙、其它小颗粒复合肥中的一种或多种。
附图说明
图1为本发明产品与缓释氮肥的氮素快速释放累积图。
图2为本发明产品与缓释肥料的钾素快速释放累积图。
图3为本发明植物根系进入肥料内部图。
图4为本发明低温负压与低温常压肥料成型中水分散失情况图。
具体实施方式
下列实施是对本发明的进一步解释和说明,对本发明不构成任何限制。
实施1
取尿素50 kg、膨润土50 kg,加入到反应罐中进行混匀,添加9 kg水混匀,将物料添加进直径为3.0 cm的球形磨具中进行成型,然后从磨具中倒出,进入真空装置定型,加抛光剂抛光,经振动筛筛分,包装后即为含氮23 %的球体保水缓释肥。
实施2
取硝酸钾30 kg、磷酸二氢钾20 kg、凹凸棒粉40 kg、膨润土10 kg,加入到反应罐中进行混匀,添加8 kg水混匀,将物料分别添加进直径为3.0 cm、4.0 cm、4.5 cm的球体磨具中进行成型,然后从磨具中倒出,进入真空装置定型,加抛光剂抛光,经振动筛筛分,包装后即为含氮4.15 %,含五氧化二磷10.43 %,氧化钾20.86 %,总养分35.46 %的球体保水缓释复合肥,其直径分别为3.0 cm、4.0 cm、4.5 cm的球体肥料。
实施3
取尿素20 kg、硫酸钾5 kg、磷酸二氢钾20 kg、磷酸氢二铵6 kg、膨润土48kg、腐殖酸0.8 kg,聚谷氨酸0.2 kg,加入到反应罐中进行混匀,添加10 kg水混匀,将物料添加进直径为1.5 cm的球形磨具中进行成型,然后从磨具中倒出,进入真空装置定型,加抛光剂抛光,经振动筛筛分,包装后即为含氮10.5 %,含五氧化二磷13.5 %,氧化钾9.0 %,总养分33.0 %的球体保水缓释复合肥。
实施4
取尿素25 kg、磷酸二氢钾25 kg、磷酸氢二铵10 kg、凹凸棒粉20 kg、膨润土30kg,加入到反应罐中进行混匀,添加11 kg水混匀,将物料添加进直径为5 cm的球形磨具中进行成型,然后从磨具中倒出,进入真空装置定型,加抛光剂抛光,经振动筛筛分,包装后即为含氮13.6 %,含五氧化二磷18.3 %,氧化钾8.5 %,总养分40.4 %的球体保水缓释复合。
实施5
取尿素10 kg、硝酸钾15 kg、磷酸二氢钾20 kg、氯化铵5 kg、凹凸棒粉50 kg,加入到反应罐中进行混匀,添加10 kg水混匀,将物料添加进三角柱形磨具中进行成型,然后从磨具中倒出,进入真空装置定型,经振动筛筛分,包装后即为含氮7.8 %,含五氧化二磷10.4%,氧化钾12.5%,总养分30.5 %的三角柱体保水缓释复合肥。
Claims (7)
1.一种生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:肥料与保水缓释材料混合-添加融合剂-成型-定型-抛光-筛分-计量包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,肥料占比为30 %~70 %,保水缓释材料的占比为30 %~70 %。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,保水缓释材料为凹凸棒粉、膨润土、硅藻土中的一种或多种,粒度为20~1000 目。
4.根据权利要求2所述的生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,肥料成分为尿素、氯化铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、硝酸钾、硫酸钾、氯化钾、硝酸钙、其它小颗粒复合肥中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,融合剂为水,融合剂添加量为肥料及保水缓释材料总重的5 %~20 %。
6.根据权利要求1所述的生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,定型工艺采取低温负压、低温烘干、磨具挤压的一种或多种,其中低温负压与低温烘干交替进行效果最佳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的生态保水缓释型超大颗粒复合肥料制备方法,其特征在于,产品有长方体、圆柱体、三角柱体、球体,其重量为10 g~200 g,折合球体直径1.00 cm~7.00cm。
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