CN113520991B - 一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶及其制备方法,所述阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶主要由重量份为1~2份的酵母‑β‑葡聚糖、3~5份的重组人表皮生长因子、1~2份的靶向细胞受体激活素、0.5~1份的透明质酸纳、3~5份的甘油葡糖苷、3~5份的维生素A、3~5份的维生素E、1~3份的溶菌酶、1~3份的壳聚糖季铵盐、3~5份的L‑吡咯烷酮羧酸钠、0.5~1份的尿囊素、10~20份的中药提取物、1~3份的植物精油、40~69份的水组成,本发明还提供了上述纳米生物凝胶的制备方法,本发明的纳米生物凝胶无皮肤刺激性,安全性高,使疤痕修复周期更短,对各类疤痕与瘢痕修复效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米生物学和生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
瘢痕(scar),俗称疤痕。是各种创伤后所引起的正常皮肤组织的外观形态和组织病理学改变的统称,它是人体创伤修复过程中必然的产物。瘢痕生长超过一定的限度,就会发生各种并发症,诸如外形的破坏及功能活动障碍等,给患者带来巨大的肉体痛苦和精神痛苦,尤其是烧伤、烫伤、严重外伤后遗留的瘢痕。瘢痕是物理、生物、化学等因素的损害作用于人体皮肤软组织,导致皮肤软组织的严重损伤而不能完全自行正常修复,转由纤维组织替代修复留下的即影响外观又影响功能的局部症状。瘢痕增生期的几年时间几乎让患者苦不堪言。而后的萎缩期又使患者面目全非,功能障碍,造成患者极大的身、心双重障碍。当人体皮肤深层受到创伤后,应激反应及创面炎症反应导致基质层异常增多的生长因子,诱使皮肤深层基质细胞(成纤维细胞、肌成纤维细胞)变性转化瘢痕细胞,产生瘢痕。不仅如此,虽然瘢痕细胞自身不具备分裂增生能力,并会随着自身代谢消亡,但由于细胞生长因子不断诱使基质细胞转化为瘢痕细胞,补充不断代谢消亡的瘢痕细胞,所以瘢痕组织得以维持,并会出现异常增生。所以从瘢痕病因病理层面看,细胞生长因子是导致疤痕半身产生、维持、增生的根源。是一切瘢痕问题的“终极元凶”。瘢痕不仅破坏了体表美,还可能影响相关组织或器官的功能,更严重者还能导致畸形。当前,瘢痕治疗的方法以手术为主,药物为辅助。手术法治疗费用昂贵、且手术风险是公知的。市场现有产品大部分只是针对新生瘢痕,技术停留在促进伤口的愈合和抗感染功能上,对已经形成的瘢痕治疗周期漫长,修复效果不理想,对陈年瘢痕及病理性瘢痕没有疗效。许多学术研究主要停留在研究试验阶段,不能实现产品产业化生产。在瘢痕治疗产品领域,具有疗效显著、安全性高、使用方便、治疗周期短的产品相对很少,不能满足市场的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶,该凝胶中各组分相互协调,使疤痕修复治疗周期更短,对新生疤痕、陈年疤痕、病理性疤痕等各类疤痕与瘢痕修复效果显著,无皮肤刺激性,安全性高;本发明还提供了所述阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:
一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶,包括以下重量份的组分:
本发明中,优选以下重量份的组分:
所述中药提取物由月见草、积雪草、金盏花、丹皮四种物质的提取物按重量比0.1~1:0.1~1:0.1~1:0.1~1复配而成。
所述植物精油是由玫瑰精油、茶树精油、乳香精油、广藿香精油、永久花精油、薰衣草精油按重量比0.1~0.5:0.1~0.5:0.1~0.5:0.05~0.1:0.2~0.5:1~2复配而成。
所述靶向细胞受体激活素是以24β-甲基胆固醇-5,7烯-3β-烃基、95%的医用酒精、磷酸二氢钠、核苷酸、5%的NaOH,大豆蛋白粉、冻干粉为原料,按重量比0.8~1.2:1.2~1.4:0.0005~0.0015:0.2~0.4:0.1~0.3:0.05~0.15:0.1~0.3,采用生物工程技术合成后,再与α-糜蛋白酶复配而成。
本发明还提供了一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)制备靶向细胞受体激活素,备用;
(2)在均质搅拌装置中加入去离子水,将水加热升温至68~70℃,开启均质搅拌混合,依次投入透明质酸纳、维生素A、维生素E、中药提取物、尿囊素,直到原料全部溶解成水溶液,然后循环冷却降温至30~35℃后保温;
(3)将酵母-β-葡聚糖、甘油葡糖苷、L-吡咯烷酮羧酸钠依次加入步骤(2)得到的水溶液中,在55~65℃条件下继续均质搅拌混合,直至原料全部溶解成均匀微黏性半透明液体,再转入具有均质乳化与超声波辅助的装置中;
(4)将壳聚糖季铵盐、植物精油、溶菌酶,依次加入步骤(3)得到的均匀微黏性半透明液体中,升温至85~95℃,在具有均质乳化与超声波辅助的装置中搅拌溶解,乳化30~45min,成为流体液,循环冷却降温至10~15℃制成凝胶;
(5)将重组人表皮生长因子和步骤(1)制备的靶向细胞受体激活素,加入到步骤(4)得到的凝胶中,在10~15℃条件下,通入氮气保护,继续搅拌混合80~120min,使重组人表皮生长因子、靶向细胞受体激活素均匀搭载在凝胶物中,成为全组分纳米凝胶;
(6)在步骤(5)得到的全组分凝胶中,缓慢加入稀酸并搅拌均匀,调节pH值在5.5~6.0,使最终产品呈弱酸性即可。
进一步地,步骤(1)中靶向细胞受体激活素的制备,包括以下步骤:
a.按要求称取24β-甲基胆固醇-5,7烯-3β-烃基,95%的医用乙醇,在25~35℃条件下超声波振荡器中混合溶解,溶解均匀后,加入磷酸二氢钠,继续超声波震荡10min;
b.超声波震荡结束后,将液体转入灭菌的三角瓶中,将三角瓶置于集热式恒温磁力搅拌器中继续搅拌升温至55℃,加入适量去离子水,40℃恒温条件磁力搅拌15min;
c.降温至38℃,加入核苷酸,在集热式恒温磁力搅拌器中,37.5℃恒温搅拌8~9min,然后再加入5%的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀;
d.将步骤c得到的液体移入均质机,加入大豆蛋白粉,在36℃条件下均质混合30~40min,湿热灭菌;
e.将步骤d得到的均质液移入震荡式培养摇床,加入冻干粉,连续震荡培养,震荡培养时间为48~50h,温度为36.5~38℃,pH为6.5~6.8;
f.将步骤e得到产物置入高速冷冻离心机中,高速冷冻离心机转速为10000r/min,离心室温度为-15℃~-20℃;
g.高速冷冻离心结束后,收集培养物,并将培养物与α-糜蛋白酶复配,制成靶向细胞受体激活素;
h.制备得到的靶向细胞受体激活素成品,在0~5℃冰箱中保存备用。
所述冻干粉为高纯度高活性乳酸杆菌冻干粉和高纯度高活性乳酸链球菌冻干粉按重量比1:1.5的混合物,所述乳酸杆菌冻干粉有效活性菌大于5×1010CFU/g、纯度≥98.5%,所述乳酸链球菌冻干粉有效活性菌大于80×1010CFU/g、纯度≥98.5%。
所述步骤g中,培养物为细胞生物活性酶及免疫调节蛋白的混合物,经低温浓缩、低温干燥后获得细胞生物活性酶及免疫调节蛋白的混合物干粉;且培养物与α-糜蛋白酶复配的重量百分比为65~80%:20~35%。
所述步骤(6)中所述稀酸为盐酸、醋酸、柠檬酸中的任一种,所述稀酸浓度为0.01~0.05mol/L。
本发明制备的靶向细胞受体激活素是一种表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶(EGFR-TK)及疤痕细胞增生阻断抑制剂与免疫调节蛋白组成的生物制剂。具有靶向性的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)阻断、血管内皮生长因子受体抑制、IGFR-1激酶抑制的作用。使神经生长因子通过介入方式作用于损伤部位。激活处于休眠状态的神经细胞,实现神经细胞的自我分化和更新,并替代已经受损和死亡的神经细胞,重建神经环路,增加细胞供氧和毛细血管血液循环,促进肌肉与皮肤组织的再次发育。
本发明提供的纳米生物凝胶以酵母-β-葡聚糖、重组人表皮生长因子、靶向细胞受体激活素、甘油葡糖苷、中药提取物为主要活性成分,维生素A与维生素E及植物精油为抗氧化营养性成分,溶菌酶为抗菌成分,壳聚糖季铵盐、L-吡咯烷酮羧酸钠、尿囊素、低分子透明质酸纳为保护与辅助成分。各成分功能作用相互协同,可有效抑制胶原的合成,减少纤维连接蛋白的表达,降低成纤维细胞密度,阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节,瘢痕修复效果显著,作用温和,无皮肤刺激性,安全性高。
本发明相对于现有技术而言,有益效果如下:
(1)本发明提供的纳米生物凝胶兼具保湿嫩肤、提供皮肤营养、抗氧化、抗衰老作用,可有效淡化瘢痕色斑,抑制色素沉着,使皮肤恢复至正常健康状态,均匀肤色,同时可抚平细纹,促进皮肤紧致。
(2)本发明提供的纳米生物凝胶具有抗菌、抗炎、抗过敏的作用与功效,质量稳定,靶向作用明显,对控制伤口感染及伤口愈合具有良好的作用。
(3)本发明提供的纳米生物凝胶对机械物理伤害、化学品伤害、辐射伤害、病源侵袭等产生的新生疤痕及成年瘢痕具有良好的治疗与逆向修复调节效果,适用于各种需要进行瘢痕修复治疗的群体。可适用于临床治疗与非临床应用及美容美体领域;如医院外科手术伤口缝合处理、植皮、疤痕手术等应用;美容美体的痘印、妊娠纹消除、皱纹淡化与消除、美容美白、隆胸等应用;个人疤痕修复如烧伤、烫伤、机械物理伤等应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此。
实施例
将实施例1~3按照表1的数据秤取如下重量份的组分。
表1实施例1~3中的纳米生物凝胶组分配比
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
酵母-β-葡聚糖 | 1.5份 | 1份 | 2份 |
重组人表皮生长因子 | 4份 | 3份 | 5份 |
靶向细胞受体激活素 | 1.5份 | 1份 | 2份 |
透明质酸纳 | 0.8份 | 0.5份 | 1份 |
甘油葡糖苷 | 4份 | 3份 | 5份 |
维生素A | 4份 | 3份 | 5份 |
维生素E | 4份 | 3份 | 5份 |
溶菌酶 | 2.2份 | 1份 | 3份 |
壳聚糖季铵盐 | 2.2份 | 1份 | 3份 |
L-吡咯烷酮羧酸钠 | 4份 | 3份 | 5份 |
尿囊素 | 0.8份 | 0.5份 | 1份 |
中药提取物 | 15份 | 10份 | 30份 |
植物精油 | 2份 | 1份 | 3份 |
水 | 54份 | 69份 | 40份 |
本实施例1~3中,按照如下步骤制取阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶:
(1)制备靶向细胞受体激活素
a.称取24β-甲基胆固醇-5,7烯-3β-烃基9.84g,95%的医用酒精12.56g,在25~35℃条件下超声波振荡器中混合溶解,溶解均匀后,加入磷酸二氢钠0.0125g,继续超声波震荡10min;
b.超声波震荡结束后,将液体转入灭菌的2000ml规格的三角瓶中,将三角瓶置于集热式恒温磁力搅拌器中继续搅拌升温至55℃,加入1500ml去离子水,40℃恒温条件磁力搅拌15min;
c.降温至38℃,加入3.33g的核苷酸,在集热式恒温磁力搅拌器中,37.5℃恒温搅拌8~9min,然后再加入2.38ml浓度为5%的氢氧化钠溶液,搅拌均匀;
d.将步骤c得到的液体移入均质机,加入1.36g大豆蛋白粉,在36℃条件下均质混合30~40min,湿热灭菌;
e.将步骤d得到的均质液移入震荡式培养摇床,加入2.25g冻干粉(高纯度高活性乳酸杆菌冻干粉和高纯度高活性乳酸链球菌冻干粉按重量比为1:1.5的混合物),连续震荡培养,震荡培养时间为48~50h,温度为36.5~38℃,pH为6.5~6.8;
f.将步骤e得到产物置入高速冷冻离心机中,高速冷冻离心机转速为10000r/min,离心室温度为-15℃~-20℃;
g.高速冷冻离心结束后,收集培养物15.12g,并将培养物与α-糜蛋白酶按重量比7:3进行复配,制成靶向细胞受体激活素;
h.制备得到的靶向细胞受体激活素成品,在0~5℃冰箱中保存备用。
(2)在均质搅拌装置中加入去离子水,将水加热升温至68~70℃,开启均质搅拌混合,依次投入透明质酸纳、维生素A、维生素E、中药提取物、尿囊素,直到原料全部溶解成水溶液,然后循环冷却降温至30~35℃后保温;
(3)将酵母-β-葡聚糖、甘油葡糖苷、L-吡咯烷酮羧酸钠,依次加入步骤(2)得到的水溶液中,在55~65℃条件下继续均质搅拌混合,直至原料全部溶解成均匀微黏性半透明液体,再转入具有均质乳化与超声波辅助的装置中;
(4)将壳聚糖季铵盐、植物精油、溶菌酶,依次加入步骤(3)得到的均匀微黏性半透明液体中,升温至85~95℃,在具有均质乳化与超声波辅助的装置中搅拌溶解,乳化30~45min,成为流体液,循环冷却降温至10~15℃制成凝胶;
(5)称取重组人表皮生长因子和步骤(1)制备的靶向细胞受体激活素,加入到步骤(4)得到的凝胶中,在10~15℃条件下,通入氮气保护,继续搅拌混合80~120min,使重组人表皮生长因子、靶向细胞受体激活素均匀搭载在凝胶物中,成为全组分纳米凝胶;
(6)在步骤(5)得到的全组分凝胶中,缓慢加入稀酸并搅拌均匀,调节pH值在5.5~6.0,使终产品呈弱酸性即可。所述稀酸为盐酸、醋酸、柠檬酸中的任一种,所述稀酸浓度为0.01~0.05mol/L。
功效试验及临床疗效评价
针对上述实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制备的一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶进行如下试验。
试验例1:皮肤刺激性试验
1.试验目的
观察动物皮肤接触受试物(纳米生物凝胶)后所产生的刺激反应情况。
2.试验对象
健康的新西兰兔8只,体重2.5kg左右,其中药物受试新西兰兔6只,雌雄数各半;空白组2只,雌雄数各半。
3.试验方法
(1)受试动物皮肤准备
试验前24h,将6只需要药物受试的新西兰兔背部脊柱处左右两侧侧进行脱毛,去毛范围左右两侧均为3cm×3cm,脱毛过程,仔细检查左右两侧去毛皮肤是否因去毛而受损伤,有损伤的皮肤剔除不进行试验,予以淘汰,增补新的健康新西兰兔;空白组2只新西兰兔不做任何处理。
(2)试验过程
将脱好毛需要进行药物受试的新西兰兔6只,分成3组,每组2只,雌雄各半,分别置于1#、2#、3#,3个专用饲养笼中;空白组2只,置于4#专用饲养笼中。1#、2#、3#每个饲养笼中受试的新西兰兔左侧脱毛处分别对应涂上实施例1、实施例2、实施例3制得的纳米生物凝胶,标准涂抹剂量为0.5g/只/天,涂抹用药部位采用医用辅料包封,并涂抹赋形剂加固。即1#饲养笼中受试的2只新西兰兔左侧脱毛处对应涂上实施例1制得的纳米生物凝胶,2#饲养笼中受试的2只新西兰兔左侧脱毛处对应涂上实施例2制得的纳米生物凝胶,3#饲养笼中受试的2只新西兰兔左侧脱毛处对应涂上实施例3制得的纳米生物凝胶。
右侧对照:作为右侧对照,1#、2#、3#饲养笼中受试的6只新西兰兔右侧脱毛处分别涂上0.5g/只/天的润滑剂(如凡士林);涂抹润滑剂前,先用生理盐水将新西兰兔右侧脱毛部位冲洗干净,再用医用透气纱布包裹,医用胶布固定。对照目的一是观察受试动物新西兰兔背部脊柱神经处在左侧用药后,药物是否通过右侧皮肤吸收,是否影响神经系统,药物是否通过右侧皮肤代谢或代谢物是否产生过敏现象;二是观察受试新西兰兔在试验过程是否会出现应激导致皮肤过敏。
空白组:空白组的新西兰兔,不做任何处理。观察预防新西兰兔在试验过程中有无打头、擦伤、抓伤现象;仔细观察有无感染皮肤病,有无其他疾病发生,采食状况是否正常,从而判定本次试验动物群体的选择的合格性,作为试验动物因意外因素导致试验不确定的参考或判定依据。
所有药物受试的新西兰兔左右两侧涂抹面积均为2.5×2.5cm2,涂抹后,用纱布、胶布或网孔尼龙绷带加以固定,每天涂抹一次,连续涂抹14d。
4.观察时间及项目
从第2天开始,药物受试的新西兰兔每次涂抹前应剪毛,用温水或无刺激性洗涤剂去除残留受试样品,1h后观察,物肉眼观察和病理组织学检查并记录涂抹部位有无红斑和水肿情况,以及上述变化的恢复情况和时间,每次涂抹时间间隔24h,涂抹后,将受试新西兰兔再次放回专用饲养笼中饲养。空白组的新西兰兔每天正常饲养,观察健康状况,有无疾病发生,有无打斗现象。
5.结果判断与评价
每只药物受试新西兰兔试验结果按照表2进行刺激反应评分,计算出平均分值,再按表3进行刺激强度评价分级;并将受试新西兰兔的多次皮肤刺激性试验检测报告统计,见表4。
表2皮肤刺激反应评分
表3皮肤刺激强度评价
强度 | 分值 | 强度 | 分值 |
无刺激性 | <1 | 中度刺激性 | 2~6 |
轻度刺激性 | 1~2 | 强刺激性 | 6~8 |
表4对受试新西兰兔的多次皮肤刺激性试验检测报告结果表
6.试验结果
由表4可知,1#、2#、3#专用饲养笼中的受试新西兰兔,在14天中,每天每只受试新西兰兔左右两侧受试皮肤刺激反应均值为0分,新西兰兔的多次皮肤刺激性评价以上结果表明,本实施例制得的纳米生物凝胶,性质温和,无皮肤刺激性,安全性高。4#空白组试验动物合格,无异常现象。判定本次试验流程与规范标准,试验数据准确无误。
试验例2:纳米生物凝胶对动物皮肤病理性瘢痕的效果
一、对家兔兔耳朵病理性瘢痕处理及试验
1.造模
采用3%戊巴比妥钠1.5mg/kg家兔耳耳缘静脉麻醉,角膜反射迟钝即麻醉成功,沿兔耳腹面侧长轴制作直径为1cm×0.5cm大小的梭形创面,每只耳4处,间隔至少2cm,完整切除全层皮肤,去除软骨膜,保留软骨,创面不予任何处理,任其自然愈合,4周后兔耳创面基本愈合,增生块达到高峰,创面约为耳廓厚度的3倍,造模成功。
2.试验分组与目标
将造模成功的8只家兔随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组1组、实施例药剂试验组3组(实施例1、实施例2、实施例3各一组),每组2只。其中,空白对照组不作任何处理,实施例药剂用药试验组分别涂抹上述实施例1、实施例2、实施例3制得的纳米生物凝胶,每天涂抹3次,标准用药剂量为0.5g/只/次。连续涂抹30~35天。进行分子生物学和病理学手段检测指标、肉眼直观观察试验、Antera 3D皮肤成像检测、兔耳瘢痕组织的组织病理学检测。
35天后,任意选取实施例药剂试验组3组中的1组,按照标准用药量的3倍进行高剂量用药,即1.5g/只/次剂量,每天涂抹3次,连续涂抹15天,其余2组继续标准用药。15天后3倍高剂量用药组与标准用药组对比HS增殖和分化的影响进行评估。
3.分子生物学和病理学手段检测指标
将家兔随机分为实施例1药剂试验组(药剂量为0.5g/只/次)、实施例2药剂试验组(药剂量为0.5g/只/次)、实施例3药剂试验组(药剂量为0.5g/只/次)和空白对照组。实施例药剂试验组家兔分别于造模成功后第1、4、9、14、21、28天给予本发明相同剂量纳米生物凝胶处理,对空白对照组未予任何处置。分别于第一次相同剂量处理后1、4、7、10、14、21、28、35天观察并记录瘢痕颜色、质地变化,同时采集组织样本,通过下述分子生物学和病理学手段检测以下指标:
a.通过Antera3D成像系统测量瘢痕直径、面积、隆起体积、质地、皱褶、黑色素、血红素的变化;
b.病理学染色观察ESWT对HS组织学的影响:HE染色观察瘢痕增生指数(hypertrophic index,HI)、成纤维细胞(Fb)形态和密度、毛细血管数及炎性细胞浸润情况;Masson染色明确胶原纤维分布情况;
c.瘢痕增殖和分化的研究:逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的基因表达情况;免疫组化染色明确二者在细胞内表达情况;
d.对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad通路影响的研究:RT-CPR分别检测TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3的基因表达水平;酶联免疫吸附试验检测TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7的蛋白表达水平。
二、肉眼直观观察试验结果
大体观察相同剂量用药处理后3周,实施例1药剂试验组(药剂量为0.5g/只/次)、实施例2药剂试验组(药剂量为0.5g/只/次)、实施例3药剂试验组(药剂量为0.5g/只/次)三组瘢痕颜色开始并淡于对照组,并且变得扁平和软化。4周时,空白对照组瘢痕无改变,可见明显凸起,颜色较治疗组仍发红发紫。实施例1药剂试验组、实施例2药剂试验组、实施例3药剂试验组瘢痕变平,硬度与色泽较对照组减轻。试验组与空白对照组之间差异十分明显。
三、Antera 3D皮肤成像检测结果
(1)瘢痕皱褶
试验用药组与空白对照组相比,试验用药组处理14天、21天后瘢痕皱褶开始显著减少(t=-2.035,P=0.042;t=-2.267,P=0.031),并可持续至第四周。
(2)瘢痕质地
试验用药组与空白对照组相比,试验组处理4周后瘢痕质地出现明显改善(t=-2.789,P=0.012)。
(3)瘢痕直径、面积、隆起体积和黑色素
试验用药组与空白对照组相比,在兔耳同一部位瘢痕位置,空白对照组瘢痕直径、面积由原来的1cm×0.5cm扩大为1.12cm×0.63cm,呈现不规则状改变,隆起体积由原来的0.05cm3增长为0.058cm3,黑色素明显肉眼可见沉积;实施例1~3用药试验组,瘢痕直径、面积由原来的1cm×0.5cm缩小为0.025~0.330cm×0.153~0.26cm范围内,隆起体积由原来的0.05cm3下降至0.015~0.019cm3范围类,且无黑色沉积现象,肉眼观察,皮肤变得平滑,说明用药试验组对瘢痕去除效果明显。
(4)瘢痕血色素
试验用药组与空白对照组相比,试验组处理两周后瘢痕血色素开始明显下降(t=-2.361,P=0.040);处理3周后,试验组与空白对照组瘢痕血色素相比均存在显著差异(t=-2.474,P=0.043;t=-2.838,P=0.025),这一差异在第四周仍可见到。
四、兔耳瘢痕组织的组织病理学检测
(1)HE染色1周
各用药试验组组间炎细胞浸润、微血管增生、HI无显著差异,用药试验组与空白对照组相比Fb密度均显著降低。
(2)2周~5周
与空白对照组相比,用药试验组真皮层较对照组变薄,炎细胞浸润减轻,微血管和胶原纤维较对照组数量减少,HI和Fb密度均显著降低,用药组组1、组2、组3之间相比无显著性差异。
(3)Masson染色2周~5周
空白对照组胶原纤维数量多,排列不整齐,可见漩涡状结构和胶原结节;用药试验组胶原束较细,排列较对照组疏松和规则,大致呈平行于表皮的水平方向,用药组组1、组2、组3之间相比,各组间无明显差别。
五、对HS增殖和分化的影响
(1)对PCNA和α-SMA组织病理学检测
35天内,标准剂量用药试验组早期即可显著抑制HS组织中PCNA的表达;35天~50天内,高剂量组明显降低细胞内PCNA的表达水平,高剂量组与标准用药组两组间相比无明显差别。无论是标准剂量还是高剂量均可显著降低细胞内α-SMA的表达水平,并且在高剂量组中更明显。
(2)对PCNA和α-SMA mRNA表达的影响与对照组相比
标准剂量组和高剂量组对HS中PCNA mRNA的表达均未见明显影响。标准剂量与高剂量均可显著降低HS中α-SMA mRNA的表达水平,标准剂量、高剂量与对空白照组相比无明显差别。
六、对TGF-β/Smad信号通路的影响
(1)对TGF-β/Smad信号通路mRNA表达的影响
标准剂量和高剂量对TGF-β1mRNA的表达均未见显著影响,此外标准剂量对Smad2mRNA的表达亦未见明显影响,但可显著抑制Smad3mRNA的表达,高剂量则可显著上调Smad2和Smad3mRNA的表达水平。
(2)对TGF-β/Smad信号通路蛋白表达的影响
标准剂量可显著抑制Smad3的表达,对TGF-β1、Smad2和Smad7蛋白含量未见显著影响。高剂量对TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3和Smad7蛋白含量均未见显著影响。
七、试验结果与结论
(1)本发明的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶安全、使用方便且耐受性良好;不同剂量均可软化HS,改善其色泽,减少瘢痕皱褶,但对瘢痕直径、面积和黑色素水平均具有明显影响效果;此外,本发明的纳米生物凝胶还可显著改善瘢痕粗糙度,病理学检查显示,不同剂量的纳米生物凝胶均可减轻炎细胞浸润程度,减少Fb数目和密度,降低瘢痕厚度,改善胶原纤维排列。
(2)标准剂量与高剂量的纳米生物凝胶可早期抑制HS组织细胞中Smad3信号转导因子和α-SMA mRNA和蛋白表达水平;高剂量纳米生物凝胶在后期可显著抑制α-SMA和PCNAmRNA和蛋白的表达水平。
(3)通过试验观察可知,本发明实施例用药试验组的家兔使用生物凝胶对后,兔耳病理性瘢痕增生指数和成纤维细胞密度明显降低,可显著减少纤维连接蛋白的表达减轻瘢痕增生,促进瘢痕的消除。说明本发明制备的纳米生物凝胶对动物新生疤痕和皮肤病理性瘢痕具有显著的治疗效果。
试验例3:纳米生物凝胶的临床疗效评价
一、临床资料
142例深Ⅱ度以上烧伤病人,其中男性71人,女性71人,各占50%,其中3个月内的预防性应用40例,占28.88%;预防兼具治疗性应用102例,占71.12%;具体按照不同治疗部位作为依据,具体治疗部位分布及比例见表5。
表5:治疗部位
部位 | 面颈部 | 手部 | 上肢 | 下肢 | 脚部 | 胸腹部 | 背部 | 周身 | 合计 |
病例数 | 9 | 17 | 19 | 33 | 20 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 142 |
比例% | 6.33 | 11.97 | 13.38 | 23.34 | 14.08 | 11.26 | 10.56 | 9.15 | 100 |
注:瘢痕面积超过20%,或者3各部位具有瘢痕以上为列入周身部。
二、治疗方法
Ⅱ度以上的烧伤创面愈合后,增生性瘢痕未形成前,邮票状植皮15天后,为预防性应用。应用过程中逐渐出现了瘢痕,应配合弹性绷带加压,继续治疗性应用。预防性应用以3个月为宜,治疗性应用根据瘢痕面积、部位、程度一般要持续6~9个月,个别病例用药时间在1年以上才能收到较好效果。本组病例用药为实施例1制取的纳米生物凝胶,均采用涂药后手掌按摩法和滚动式按摩器按压法,每次涂药后按摩式按压20分钟以上,每6小时换药按摩一次,涂药厚度0.5mm以上,涂药后配合弹性绷带加压者,每12小时换药一次,涂药厚度在1mm左右,弹性绷带下垫一层纱布,药液可渗透在纱布上,这样可减少对瘢痕创面的摩擦。弹性绷带的压力2.7~4.0kPa之间,两种方法均在每周对涂药部位用温水浸泡清洗3~4次,洗净药痂,对由于摩擦形成的小水泡可在无菌下进行穿破后放液,涂药后会自行愈合。
三、疗效评定
(1)疗程;对142例病人均按临床资料中设计的疗程。
(2)治疗效果评定:分为治愈、良好、有效、无效四种。
a.治愈
无增生性瘢痕出现,创面皮肤弹性正常,色泽早期稍变暗,后期恢复正常,或稍苍白。
b.良好
预防性用药中逐渐出现增正性瘢痕,主要是指浅Ⅲ度以上的烧伤创面,经继续治疗性用药瘢痕消退或明显缩小不需手术整形者。
c.有效
部分瘢痕消退,但遗留在颜面、四肢关节部位的瘢痕,由于美观、功能需要仍需配合手术整形者。
d.无效
经半年预防性用药和中后期治疗性用药合计在9个月以上,瘢痕色泽变暗,仍表现质硬、增生明显、瘙痒,患者迫切要求手术整形放弃使用者。
根据以上标准,本组142例病人,用本实施例产品治疗以后具体用药天数和疗效判定见表6和表7。
表6 142例瘢痕病人用药时间统计表
表7 142例瘢痕病人用药治疗效果评定
疗效判定 | 治愈 | 良好 | 有效 | 无效 | 合计 |
临床病例数 | 97 | 43 | 2 | 0 | 142 |
比例% | 68.3 | 30.29 | 1.41 | 0 | 100 |
根据表6和7结果可知:按预先设计的治疗方法和疗效评定标准评定,治疗结果全部在有效范围,有效率100%,且大部分患者在使用本产品恢复时间短,说明本发明的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶能有效地预防和治疗增生性瘢痕,而且疤痕修复治疗周期较短。
本发明阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶可使绝大部分深度烧伤病人恢复正常的皮肤弹性和色泽,使增生性瘢痕消退或明显缩小范围,降低手术率和病人致残率。
四、临床应用建议
1.瘢痕形成与最佳应用纳米生物凝胶时间
细胞成份的改变是导致瘢痕形成的主要原因,成纤维细胞增生,其粗面内质网大量增多,并扩张成囊,胞质内微丝、微管增多,合成蛋白及胶原纤维的功能活跃。肌成纤维细胞大量增生,并可与成纤维细胞之间互转化,具有收缩功能。当大量肌成纤维细胞收缩时,紧贴住肌成纤维细胞表面的胶原纤维变弯曲或螺旋化,肌成纤维细胞周围形成僵硬的结构,使瘢痕组织挛缩变硬,导致局部畸形和功能障碍。观察发现,烧伤后6天的肉芽组织中成纤维细胞占56%,肌成纤维细胞占44%;伤后14天的肉芽组织中两种细胞比例倒置;烧伤后一年内活动的增生瘢痕组织中成纤维细胞仅占4%,肌成纤维细胞高达96%,随着瘢痕成熟,肌成纤维细胞明显减少。肥大细胞密度增人,幼稚型多于成熟型,脱出的颗粒散住胶原基质中,分泌颗粒中含有多种活性物质,可导致血供障碍,炎细胞浸润,促进瘢痕增生。另有胶原代谢与排列失常,多种因素破坏了平衡,导致成纤维母细胞、肌成纤维细胞合成胶原增多,阻碍了胶原酶的活性,造成瘢痕过度增生。基质改变,其中以纤维粘连蛋白的改变;粘多糖的改变;含量增高,导致增生性瘢痕的坚硬。瘢痕不稳定期,毛细血管增生、充血、弯曲、缺乏交通的微血管、微循环障碍、缺氧等导致瘢痕增生,免疫因素也可导致瘢痕疙瘩的生长。深度烧伤创面瘢痕修复是必然产物,瘢痕到后期阶段逐渐成熟,上述异常细胞成份逐渐减少,瘢痕充血消退,色泽变淡褐色,质地变软,基底松动,痒痛明显好转或消退,但这种退行性变化有个体差异,时间长短不一,9个月到数年不等,故应在瘢痕不稳定的这一时期内积极采用以阻断疤痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶为主的综合治疗。可促进螺旋状的胶原重新排列,使组织的二氧化碳分压上升,氧分压下降,血管数量减少,水肿减轻,从而限制了瘢痕增生,达到治疗和预防的目的。
2.临床应用阻断疤痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶效果
阻断疤痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶具有生物效应,能发挥动力学的作用,临床应用其预防及其治疗增生性瘢痕,无毒副作用,长期作用于功能部位配合加压,可明显改善增生性瘢痕的微循环,引导胶原纤维的正确排列,调整多种细胞代谢,对促进增生性瘢痕提前消退,或预防增生性瘢痕形成具有可靠的疗效,建议将阻断疤痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶作为瘢痕预防于治疗在深度烧伤后期应列为常规,以减少增生性瘢痕的形成和致残。
Claims (7)
1.一种阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的组分:
所述中药提取物由月见草、积雪草、金盏花、丹皮四种物质的提取物按重量比0.1~1:0.1~1:0.1~1:0.1~1复配而成;
所述靶向细胞受体激活素是以24β-甲基胆固醇-5,7烯-3β-烃基、95%的医用乙醇、磷酸二氢钠、核苷酸、5%的NaOH、大豆蛋白粉、冻干粉为原料,按重量比0.8~1.2:1.2~1.4:0.0005~0.0015:0.2~0.4:0.1~0.3:0.05~0.15:0.1~0.3,采用生物工程技术合成培养物后,再与α-糜蛋白酶复配而成;
所述冻干粉为高纯度高活性乳酸杆菌冻干粉和高纯度高活性乳酸链球菌冻干粉按重量比1:1.5的混合物,所述乳酸杆菌冻干粉有效活性菌大于5×1010CFU/g、纯度≥98.5%,所述乳酸链球菌冻干粉有效活性菌大于80×1010CFU/g、纯度≥98.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的组分:
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶,其特征在于,所述植物精油是由玫瑰精油、茶树精油、乳香精油、广藿香精油、永久花精油、薰衣草精油按重量比0.1~0.5:0.1~0.5:0.1~0.5:0.05~0.1:0.2~0.5:1~2复配而成。
4.一种权利要求1至3中任一项所述的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备靶向细胞受体激活素,备用;
(2)在均质搅拌装置中加入去离子水,将水加热升温至68~70℃,开启均质搅拌混合,依次投入透明质酸钠、维生素A、维生素E、中药提取物、尿囊素,直到原料全部溶解成水溶液,然后循环冷却降温至30~35℃后保温;
(3)将酵母-β-葡聚糖、甘油葡糖苷、L-吡咯烷酮羧酸钠,依次加入步骤(2)得到的水溶液中,在55~65℃条件下继续均质搅拌,直至原料全部溶解成均匀微黏性半透明液体,再转入具有均质乳化与超声波辅助的装置中;
(4)将壳聚糖季铵盐、植物精油、溶菌酶,依次加入步骤(3)得到的均匀微黏性半透明液体中,升温至85~95℃,在具有均质乳化与超声波辅助的装置中搅拌溶解,乳化30~45min,成为流体液,循环冷却降温至10~15℃制成凝胶;
(5)将重组人表皮生长因子和靶向细胞受体激活素,加入到步骤(4)得到的凝胶中,在10~15℃条件下,通入氮气保护,继续搅拌混合80~120min,使重组人表皮生长因子、靶向细胞受体激活素均匀搭载在凝胶物中,成为全组分纳米凝胶;
(6)在步骤(5)得到的全组分纳米凝胶中,缓慢加入稀酸并搅拌均匀,调节pH值在5.5~6.0,使最终产品呈弱酸性即可。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中靶向细胞受体激活素的制备,包括以下步骤:
a.按要求称取24β-甲基胆固醇-5,7烯-3β-烃基,95%的医用乙醇,在25~35℃条件下超声波振荡器中混合溶解,溶解均匀后,加入磷酸二氢钠,继续超声波震荡10min;
b.超声波震荡结束后,将液体转入灭菌的三角瓶中,将三角瓶置于集热式恒温磁力搅拌器中继续搅拌升温至55℃,加入适量去离子水,40℃恒温条件磁力搅拌15min;
c.降温至38℃,加入核苷酸,在集热式恒温磁力搅拌器中,37.5℃恒温搅拌8~9min,然后再加入5%的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀;
d.将步骤c得到的液体移入均质机,加入大豆蛋白粉,在36℃条件下均质混合30~40min,湿热灭菌;
e.将步骤d得到的均质液移入震荡式培养摇床,加入冻干粉,连续震荡培养,震荡培养时间为48~50h,温度为36.5~38℃,pH为6.5~6.8;
f.将步骤e得到产物置入高速冷冻离心机中,高速冷冻离心机转速为10000r/min,离心室温度为-15℃~-20℃;
g.高速冷冻离心结束后,收集培养物,并将培养物与α-糜蛋白酶复配,制成靶向细胞受体激活素;
h.制备得到的靶向细胞受体激活素成品,在0~5℃冰箱中保存备用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤g中,培养物为细胞生物活性酶及免疫调节蛋白的混合物,经低温浓缩、低温干燥后获得细胞生物活性酶及免疫调节蛋白的混合物干粉;且培养物与α-糜蛋白酶复配的重量百分比为65~80%:20~35%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的阻断瘢痕形成与逆向修复调节的纳米生物凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述稀酸为盐酸、醋酸、柠檬酸中的任一种,所述稀酸浓度为0.01~0.05mol/L。
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