CN1135192A - 在沥青屋顶板制造中施加颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

在沥青屋顶板制造中施加颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN1135192A
CN1135192A CN94193989A CN94193989A CN1135192A CN 1135192 A CN1135192 A CN 1135192A CN 94193989 A CN94193989 A CN 94193989A CN 94193989 A CN94193989 A CN 94193989A CN 1135192 A CN1135192 A CN 1135192A
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L·J·格鲁布卡
J·S·贝尔特
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Owens Corning
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/30—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by gravity only, i.e. flow coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter

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Abstract

在移动的涂层沥青板上施用颗粒的方法，包括在涂层沥青板上建立预确定的混合滴区，在涂层沥青板上在预确定的混合滴区的紧上游沉积背底颗粒滴以使背底滴前缘确定混合滴后缘，在预确定的混合滴区沉积混合滴，在背底区其余部分沉积背底颗粒。

Description

在沥青屋顶板制造中施加颗粒的方法
本发明涉及沥青材料连续带材的处理，如适用于屋顶隔板和屋顶板的沥青材料。在其更具体的一个方面，本发明涉及向沥青带材材料施加颗粒的控制。
制造沥青屋顶板的常用方法是生产沥青屋顶板材料的连续带材，再通过屋顶板切割工序把它把它切割成单块的屋顶板。在沥青带材的生产中，让有机毡或玻璃纤维毡通过装有液态沥青的涂敷设备以制成粘性、带涂层的沥青带材。然后，使热的沥青带材通过一个或多个施粒器的下方，该施粒器(granule applicator)向沥青带材的部分表面施加保护性颗粒。通常，颗粒由一个注料斗分配，分配速率由注料斗的人工调节来控制。在制造有色屋顶板时使用了两类颗粒。搭接颗粒是相对成本低的颗粒，用于被覆盖的屋顶板部分。有色颗粒或优质颗粒相应的成本较高，用于屋顶上暴露的屋顶板部分。
为提供一种合意的彩色图案，应提供不同颜色的有色屋顶板，一般采用一种背底色和系列不同颜色的颗粒沉积物的形式或明暗不同的背底色的形式。这一系列被称之为混合滴(blend drop)的突出沉积物，一般是通过包括一系列与喂料辊相连的颗粒容器的混料器来得到。每种混合物在板上的长度和间距取决于喂料辊的速度、板的相对速度和料滴形成时间。
并非所有施于热的、粘性的、涂敷的沥青带材上的颗粒均粘附于带上。一般的，带材绕在一个石滚筒上，使带折返，未被粘附的颗粒脱。这些称之为回落料(backfall)颗粒的未被粘附的颗粒，一般收集在回落料料斗，在制造屋顶板时进行再使用。
通常的施加颗粒设备的问题之一是喂料辊取决于机械运动(旋转)来指出使另一个混合滴落在移动的涂层沥青板上的下一个位置。这种机械运动的要求具有内在的局限性，不能给出混合滴的确切的起始和终止。同时，一旦发生了机械运动，重力对颗粒起作用还需要一段滞后期。因而限制了屋顶板上的混和滴的清晰度。当屋顶板生产线生产速度上升时，更加缺乏清晰度，混合滴和背底色之间的差别变得模糊了。清晰度的缺少严格限制了用于屋顶板的设计种类和颜色对比。
近来发展起来的一种沉积颗粒于移动的涂层沥青板上的改进方法是用压缩空气控制来提供沉积颗粒的高精度。这种新发展起来的方法提供了颗粒流动相应的瞬时控制。颗粒的流动通过一个缓冲室的压缩空气气压的改变来开始、结束和控制。缓冲室邻近颗粒喷嘴中的颗粒堆积物。然而已发现虽然压缩空气控制的颗粒混合滴装置给出了混和滴非常清晰的前缘，它也给出了混合滴的模糊或不晴晰的后缘。本发明将对混合滴给出一种改进方法，使之既具有清晰的前缘又具有清晰的后缘。
现在已研制了一种屋顶板颗粒沉积方法，它既给出混合滴清晰的前缘也给出混合滴清晰的后缘。这种方法通过在与预期混合滴的紧上游沉积背底滴来实现，因而背底滴的前缘决定了混合滴的后缘。其后施加的混合滴把颗粒喷入混合滴区，而混合滴的后缘已由背底滴确定。通过在背底滴之前施加具有清晰前缘的混合滴，可在屋顶板上施加任意数量的有清晰前、后缘的背底滴。
根据本发明，提供了一种在移动的涂层沥青板上施加颗粒的方法。包括在涂层沥青板上建立预混合滴区，在涂层沥青板上预混合滴区域的紧上游沉积背底滴以使背底滴前缘确定混合滴后缘，在预混合滴区沉积混合滴，在背底区剩余部分沉积背底颗粒。
图1是根据本发明原理得到的分配颗粒装置的示意正视图。
图2是低速运动的屋顶板机器上典型的现有技术混合滴的示意平面图。
图3是高速运动的涂层沥青板上典型的现有技术颗粒混合滴的示意平面图。
图4是具有清晰前缘和模糊后缘的颗粒混合滴的示意平面图。
图5是根据本发明原理，涂层沥青板显示出预确定混合滴区部分的示意平面图。
图6是图5的涂层沥青板显示施加的背底滴颗粒确定混合滴区后缘的示意平面图。
图7是图5的涂层沥青板显示在预确定混合滴区施加混合滴颗粒的示意平面图。
图8是如图7的有剩余背底颗粒施加在背底区的涂层沥青板的示意平面图，且除去多余的混合滴颗粒。
如图1所示，基底屋顶板毡10，优选是玻璃纤维毡，通过沥青涂敷设备12以形成涂层沥青板14。一系列颗粒分配器16、18和20沉积颗粒于涂层沥青板上以形成颗粒涂层沥青板22。颗粒涂层沥青板绕过石滚筒24使多余的颗粒脱落，它们被回落料斗26收集。
如图2所示，在低速运动涂层沥青板上的典型的现有技术混合滴将产生有背底颗粒28和混合滴30的颗粒涂层沥青板。伴随着低速运动的涂层沥青板，混合滴30有清晰的前缘32和清晰的后缘34。
如图3所示，当涂层沥青板加速时、混合滴40没有清晰的边缘。混合滴前缘42和混和滴后缘44会凸出或扩展进入背底颗粒48。
如图4所示，由压缩空气控制的施粒器得到的改进混合滴有清晰的前缘52。然而，后缘54仍然模糊，且扩展入背底颗粒58。
如图5所示，涂层沥青板可视为有预确定的混合滴区60。这是些施有不同颜色的颗粒的区域。必须了解这些区域可以是暗线颗粒，例如黑颗粒，和其它不同颜色的颗粒。预确定的混合滴区的前缘以虚线Q表示，后缘以虚线64表示。预确定的混合滴区之间的部分是背底滴区68。
如图6所示，喷上背底滴70时，它有清晰的前缘72，与混合滴区的后缘64相符合。可以看到背底滴位于预确定的混合滴区的紧上游从而每个背底滴的前缘确定了混合滴区的后缘。
如图7所示，混合滴80施加在混和滴区上。混合滴前缘82确定为一条清晰线。混和滴后缘82是模糊的。但是先施加的背底滴重叠部分有清晰的前缘72。
如图8所示，当施加其余的背底颗粒以完成沉积颗粒于沥青涂层板上，颗粒涂层沥青板绕过石滚筒以除去多余的混合滴颗粒时，混合滴将有清晰的前缘和后缘。
再提到图1，本专利的操作方法包括首先从注料斗16沉积背底颗粒以确定混合滴区后缘。然后混合滴由注料斗18获得。最后，其余背底颗粒通过注料斗20分配。
对本发明而言，一个“清晰”的边缘指一种颜色和另一种颜色之间的大体所有的(至少90％，和优选至少95％)边界位于沿边界画的一条直线的0.4英寸(1.0cm)内。对于通常的屋顶板边界约13cm长。术语“模糊”则指边界不能清晰确认。且一种颜色的颗粒与另一种颜色区有相当大距离的重叠。总之，一个模糊的边缘是指不清晰的边缘。
现在将描述本发明用的一种优选的颗粒分配装置。一个未显示的喷管装有颗粒堆积物。喷管的出口缩小为一个狭槽，槽的横截面积与颗粒堆积物的表面积相比非常小。一个未表示出的缓冲室放在喷管内的颗粒堆积物的表面上方。缓冲室压力的改变影响通过狭槽的颗粒的流动。
对缓冲室施加负压将在颗粒堆积物上产生足够的压力降来阻止通过狭槽的颗粒的流动。同理，对缓冲室施加正压将引起通过狭槽的颗粒流动的恢复。缓冲室内负或正压可通过开或关与负压或正压的空气源相连的阀门来获得，诸如气扇或气泵，这些没有表示出。
当负压加入真空室并通过对缓冲室打开的真空装置时，产生了一股通过狭槽的且通过喷管内的堆积颗粒的向上的气流。向上的气流对颗粒产生了向上的拉力，与对颗粒向下的重力相反。若对缓冲室加以适量的负压，通过狭槽的来自向上气流的拉力将与颗粒的重力达到平衡，颗粒将被保持原位而不是继续通过狭槽掉下。
若在颗粒堆积物表面向上的气流产生足够的拉力使一些颗粒悬浮将会产生流化作用。悬浮颗粒会堵塞空气处理系统。
当颗粒被认为要被停止时，为完全关闭狭槽，优选的是用薄不锈钢片来帮助阻止通过狭槽的颗粒的流动。
显然由上述可见对本发明可进行各种改进。这些改进亦被认为属于本发明范围。
将会发现本发明对制造颗粒涂层的屋顶板是有用的。适于应用在住宅的或工业的屋顶。

Claims (4)

1.对移动涂层沥青板施加颗粒的方法，包括在涂层沥青板上建立预确定的混合滴区，在涂层沥青板上在预确定的混合滴区的紧上游沉积背底颗粒滴以使背底滴前缘确定混合滴后缘，在预确定的混合滴区沉积混合滴，在背底区其余部分沉积背底颗粒。
2.对移动的涂层沥青板施加颗粒的方法，包括在涂层沥青板上建立预确定的混合滴区，在涂层沥青板上在预确定的混合滴区的紧上游沉积背底颗粒滴以使背底滴前缘决定混合滴后缘，背底颗粒滴一般有清晰的前缘，在预确定的混合滴区沉积混合滴，混合滴一般有清晰的前缘，在背底区其余部分沉积背底颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述方法，其中，混合滴一般有模糊的后缘。
4.对移动涂层沥青板施加颗粒的方法，包括沉积背底颗粒和一系列混合滴颗粒，混合滴和背底滴沉积后，一般有清晰的前缘和模糊的后缘，更进一步包括在涂层沥青板上建立预确定的混合滴区，在涂层沥青板上在预确定的混合滴的紧上游沉积背底颗粒滴以使背底滴前缘确定混合滴后缘，在预确定的混合滴区沉积混合滴，在背底区其余部分沉积背底颗粒。
CN94193989A 1993-11-02 1994-10-28 在沥青屋顶板制造中施加颗粒的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1096307C (zh)

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AU1044095A (en) 1995-05-23
CN1096307C (zh) 2002-12-18
MX9408491A (es) 2003-04-03
DE69424303D1 (de) 2000-06-08
EP0726813B1 (en) 2000-05-03
PL314531A1 (en) 1996-09-16
US5405647A (en) 1995-04-11
EP0726813A1 (en) 1996-08-21
PL176363B1 (pl) 1999-05-31
WO1995012459A1 (en) 1995-05-11
KR100312470B1 (ko) 2001-12-28
DE69424303T2 (de) 2000-08-24

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