CN113519281A - High-moisture grain storage method - Google Patents
High-moisture grain storage method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
A high-moisture grain storage method comprises a steel plate bin for storing grains, wherein the steel plate bin comprises a cylindrical bin body, the top of the bin body is hermetically connected with a conical bin top, the bin top is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with an exhaust fan through a pipeline; the bottom of the steel plate bin is provided with a bottom plate for placing rice, the bottom plate is uniformly provided with meshes, the bottom plate and the bottom of the bin body form an air mixing chamber, the air mixing chamber is communicated with an air supply pipe of a fan through a pipeline, and the air supply pipe of the fan is in heat transfer connection with a heat exchange mechanism of a heat pump; the internal spiral stirring rake that is equipped with of storehouse, the top in steel sheet storehouse is equipped with feed inlet and distributing device, and the bottom is equipped with the auger of delivering from godown. The grains are not limited by water content and are directly stored in a warehouse without being dried in advance, and the grain mildew loss caused by untimely drying in rainy days can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain drying and storage, and relates to a high-moisture grain storage method.
Background
The safe water content standard of the rice storage in northern areas of China is 14 percent of water content, more than 14 percent of the safe water content is called high-water-content rice and generally does not exceed 18 percent, but the water content of fully-ripe rice seeds harvested in sunny days with low humidity in southern areas is generally within the range of 20 to 30 percent, and the water content of the rice seeds harvested in rainy days or days with high humidity is even as high as 35 to 40 percent.
The rice greedy quantity of indica rice for acquisition, storage, processing and transportation stipulated in the national standard GB1350-2009 must not be more than 13.5%. The indica rice with the moisture content within 13.5% (13.5%) is collectively called standard moisture quality rice; the rice with the water content of 13.5-14.5% (including 14.5%) is collectively called high-water rice; the rice with a water content of more than 14.5% is classified as high-moisture rice.
The storage methods commonly used at present: the current methods for dewatering high-moisture grains mainly include manual drying, drying by a dryer, in-house drying treatment, two-stage drying by combining a dryer and in-house drying, and the like. Li Jie et al in the current development and prospect of Chinese Rice drying technology Equipment points out: at present, mechanical drying and in-house drying of rice are more applied in northeast and south. For a long time, the traditional and simplest grain drying method in China depends on natural sunlight for tedding on a sunning ground, and the method is suitable for grains with small harvest quantity, but has various defects: firstly, the grains are contacted with the ground and the surrounding environment in the airing process, and impurities, sand, soil and the like are inevitably mixed; secondly, the airing is restricted by conditions such as climate and the like, and if the time of overcast and rainy is too long, microorganisms are easy to grow and reproduce quickly, so that the food quality and the seed product quality of the grains are affected. With the improvement of the mechanized harvesting level of domestic grains, the traditional drying yard can not meet the requirement of centralized grain drying, and a great number of farmers spread grains on highways for drying, particularly on asphalt roads, easily cause a great amount of grain damage and pollution, are limited and influenced by weather conditions to a greater extent, and directly harm the traffic safety of rural roads. Although the country strongly supports the development of modern drying methods such as mechanical drying and the like in various places according to local conditions, the manual drying method cannot be completely replaced due to various reasons.
Because the manual drying can not meet the requirements of production development, various mechanized dryers are more and more widely applied. The grain drying machinery in China started in the seventh and eighty years of the last century and reaches the nineties, and the specialized and intensive scale operation of the grain drying machinery in China has new development.
The most advantage of the warehouse drying is that the grain to be dried (generally the water content is not more than 18%) is directly warehoused and dried in the warehouse, and the grain is stored after the drying is finished, so the investment is less, the energy consumption is low, the pollution is avoided, and the operation is simple and easy; meanwhile, the process of drying the grains is always in the process of storing, so that links such as transfer, transportation and the like are reduced, and the cost of storing the grains is saved; in addition, because some grains such as rice have poor heat resistance, the quality of the grains can be maintained to the maximum extent by drying in a barn; the method has the advantages that the method has large amount of rice treated in one time in barn drying, is suitable for large-scale drying treatment, meets the requirement of large-scale production of the rice, has simple overall process and operation management, and is beneficial to the current grain storage alternate work of a large grain depot; the complete equipment for drying the barn adopts a combination mode, is convenient to move and install, and can replace the moving of grains by moving the equipment. The defects are that the grain storage barn in China mostly adopts house type barn (accounting for about 80 percent of all barn types), has large volume and large area, is difficult and serious to be matched with conveying mechanical equipment, and is restricted by other related technical development levels, so that the grain storage barn is difficult to meet the requirement of large-scale practical application; moreover, because the drying treatment time is long, the phenomenon of grain moisture stratification after drying is easy to occur, and the influence of weather is large, proper time operation must be selected; the in-house drying method can be used for replacing the drying method in the air of one family in the past, and has positive significance for making up the deficiency of drying capacity in the harvest season, reducing postpartum loss, maintaining grain quality and the like.
The drying medium in the barn is air under the condition of being suitable for the weather, and the relative humidity of the drying medium air plays an important role in the drying effect of the grains. The relative humidity of the outside air introduced into the grain pile must be less than the air balance humidity of the inside grain pile environment, and the grain pile can be in a moisture absorption state. And the larger the humidity difference is, the stronger the moisture absorption capacity is, the better the precipitation effect is, otherwise, the ventilation drying precipitation can not be carried out. In actual operation, the humidity of the outside air introduced into the grain pile is generally controlled below 75%, and meanwhile, the moisture of grains is frequently detected in the precipitation process, the parameter condition of the air medium entering the grain pile is timely adjusted, so that the condition that the humidity of the air medium introduced into the grain pile is higher than the air balance humidity in the grain pile is prevented, and the ventilation and precipitation effects are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-moisture grain storage method.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-moisture grain storage method comprises a steel plate bin for storing grains, wherein the steel plate bin comprises a cylindrical bin body, the top of the bin body is hermetically connected with a conical bin top, the bin top is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with an exhaust fan through a pipeline; the bottom of the steel plate bin is provided with a bottom plate for placing rice, the bottom plate is uniformly provided with meshes, the bottom plate and the bottom of the bin body form an air mixing chamber, the air mixing chamber is communicated with an air supply pipe of a fan through a pipeline, and the air supply pipe of the fan is in heat transfer connection with a heat exchange mechanism of a heat pump; a spiral stirring paddle is arranged in the bin body, a feeding hole and a distributing device are arranged at the top of the steel plate bin, and a discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the steel plate bin;
when the stored grain is rice: when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 25.0 and less than 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 15 × 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is less than 25.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
when the stored grain is corn: when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 3 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 65.0 and less than 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 15 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid value is less than 65.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 x 24 hours;
when the stored grain is wheat: when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to 4 ℃ of the environmental temperature, the safe quality guarantee period of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to the ambient temperature and is less than the ambient temperature by 4 ℃, the safe shelf life of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is lower than the ambient temperature, the safe quality guarantee period is considered to be longer than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
accordingly, the safe quality guarantee drying periods of the rice, the corn and the wheat with high moisture content under different temperature and humidity conditions are obtained, and when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours, a rapid precipitation mode is selected to be started; selecting a slow-speed water reducing mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; selecting a natural ventilation precipitation mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
the rapid precipitation mode is that the heat pump and the fan are started to reduce the water content of the grains to be more than or equal to 3% every day, the water content of the grains is reduced to 17-19%, and then the slow precipitation mode is selected; the slow water reducing mode is that the heat pump is closed and only the fan is started, so that the water content of the grains is reduced by 0.5-3% every day; the natural ventilation precipitation mode is that the air inlet at the bottom of the bin and the air exhaust fan at the top of the bin are opened, and the water content of the grains is reduced by less than or equal to 0.5 percent by utilizing natural wind every day. The air inlet at the bin bottom can be an air inlet formed in the side wall of the bin bottom, an air inlet formed in the bottom plate, or a port formed by connecting an air supply pipe and an air mixing chamber.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the harvested grains from the field are directly warehoused without being dried in advance.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the inside and the outside of the steel plate bin are provided with a temperature measurement wireless sensor and a humidity measurement wireless sensor; the heat pump and the fan are in signal connection with the control system; the temperature measurement wireless sensor and the humidity measurement wireless sensor monitor the temperature and humidity states of the stored grains.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensors arranged on the steel plate bin are connected with a program control system so as to select and execute different drying and dewatering modes.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the bin body is internally provided with a bin material stirring device which comprises a spiral stirring paddle.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method and the device are suitable for the warehouse-in dry storage of high-moisture grains with the water content of more than 18 percent, such as wheat, rice, corn and the like, have no restrictive requirement on the moisture content of the grains during warehouse entry, break through the limitation that the moisture content of the in-warehouse dry grains is not more than 18 percent, directly store the grains which are just harvested from the field, and greatly facilitate the use and operation.
2. The method and the device are suitable for all-weather conditions, are not limited by rain and ambient air humidity when the grains are put into a warehouse and dried, and can avoid the grain mildew loss caused by untimely drying in rain and rain.
3. This device can adopt the technical scheme of automatic acquisition storehouse inside and outside temperature, humidity, different height grain moisture data, to cereal grain condition real time monitoring to control system real-time feedback signal, control ventilation, heating, select functions such as just storehouse drying pattern.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a steel silo.
Fig. 2 is another side view of the steel plate silo.
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the steel plate silo.
In the above drawings: 1. a bin body; 2. the top of the bin; 3. an air outlet; 4. a base plate; 5. an air mixing chamber; 6. a fan; 7. a heat exchange mechanism; 8. a feed inlet; 9. a distributing device; 10. discharging the packing auger; 11. an exhaust fan; 12. a spiral stirring paddle; 13. and a sequence control system.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Please refer to fig. 1-3. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The experimental materials used in the following examples were all purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: high-moisture grain storage method
A high moisture cereal storage method, including a steel plate storehouse used for storing the cereal, the steel plate storehouse includes a cylindrical storehouse body 1, the top of the storehouse body connects a conical storehouse top 2 sealingly, the storehouse top has air outlets 3, the air outlet is communicated with a exhaust fan 11 through the pipeline; the bottom of the steel plate bin is provided with a bottom plate 4 for placing rice, the bottom plate is uniformly provided with meshes, the bottom plate and the bottom of the bin body form an air mixing chamber 5, the air mixing chamber is communicated with an air supply pipe of a fan 6 through a pipeline, and the air supply pipe of the fan is in heat transfer connection with a heat exchange mechanism 7 of a heat pump; a spiral stirring paddle 12 is arranged in the bin body, a feed inlet 8 and a distributor 9 are arranged at the top of the steel plate bin, and a delivery auger 10 is arranged at the bottom of the steel plate bin;
when the stored grain is rice: when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 25.0 and less than 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 15 × 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is less than 25.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
when the stored grain is corn: when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 3 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 65.0 and less than 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 15 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid value is less than 65.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 x 24 hours;
when the stored grain is wheat: when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to 4 ℃ of the environmental temperature, the safe quality guarantee period of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to the ambient temperature and is less than the ambient temperature by 4 ℃, the safe shelf life of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is lower than the ambient temperature, the safe quality guarantee period is considered to be longer than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
accordingly, the safe quality guarantee drying periods of the rice, the corn and the wheat with high moisture content under different temperature and humidity conditions are obtained, and when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours, a rapid precipitation mode is selected to be started; selecting a slow-speed water reducing mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; selecting a natural ventilation precipitation mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
the rapid precipitation mode is that the heat pump and the fan are started to reduce the water content of the grains to be more than or equal to 3% every day, the water content of the grains is reduced to 17-19%, and then the slow precipitation mode is selected; the slow water reducing mode is that the heat pump is closed and only the fan is started, so that the water content of the grains is reduced by 0.5-3% every day; the natural ventilation precipitation mode is that the air inlet at the bottom of the bin and the air exhaust fan at the top of the bin are opened, and the water content of the grains is reduced by less than or equal to 0.5 percent by utilizing natural wind every day. The air inlet at the bin bottom can be an air inlet formed in the side wall of the bin bottom, an air inlet formed in the bottom plate, or a port formed by connecting an air supply pipe and an air mixing chamber.
The preferred embodiment is: the harvested grains from the field are directly warehoused without being dried in advance.
The preferred embodiment is: the inside and the outside of the steel plate bin are provided with a temperature measurement wireless sensor and a humidity measurement wireless sensor; the heat pump and the fan are in signal connection with the control system; the temperature measurement wireless sensor and the humidity measurement wireless sensor monitor the temperature and humidity states of the stored grains.
The preferred embodiment is: the temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensors arranged on the steel plate bin are connected with a program control system so as to select and execute different drying and dewatering modes.
The preferred embodiment is: the bin body is internally provided with a bin material stirring device which comprises a spiral stirring paddle.
The embodiment is specifically preserved the corn that reaps in overcast and rainy day, is 35.6 through detecting corn fatty acid value, consequently, starts quick precipitation mode earlier, starts heat pump and fan, makes the moisture of cereal reduce speed 3 every day. 2%, reducing the moisture of the grains to 18%, and then starting to select a slow-speed water reducing mode; the slow water reducing mode is that the heat pump is closed and only the fan is started, so that the water content of the grains is reduced by 0.8% every day.
Example 2: high-moisture grain storage method
A high moisture grain storage method comprises a steel plate bin for storing grains, wherein the steel plate bin comprises a cylindrical bin body, the top of the bin body is hermetically connected with a conical bin top and is provided with a plurality of air outlets and an exhaust fan; the bottom of the steel plate bin is provided with a bottom plate for placing rice, the bottom plate is uniformly provided with through holes, the bottom plate and the bottom of the bin body form an air mixing chamber, and the air mixing chamber is connected with a fan and a heat pump; a spiral stirring paddle is arranged in the middle of the bin body, a feeding hole and a distributing device are arranged at the top of the steel plate bin, and a discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the steel plate bin; temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensors are arranged inside and outside the steel plate bin; the heat pump and the fan are connected with the program control system and are provided with a control panel for displaying, and grains are dried under the control of the program;
the storage method comprises the following steps:
the judgment bases of the safe quality guarantee drying periods of different grains are as follows: the fatty acid value of the rice is used as a main index, the quality is considered to start to be deteriorated when the fatty acid value (KOH/dry basis)/(mg/100 g) > 25.0 of the rice is higher than 35.0, the quality is already deteriorated, and the quality is normal when the fatty acid value (KOH/dry basis)/(mg/100 g) < 25.0 of the rice is higher than 35.0. Therefore, the safe quality guarantee drying periods of the high-moisture paddy rice under different temperature and humidity conditions are obtained through experiments and are used as indexes for selecting a ventilation and precipitation mode.
The corn adopts the fatty acid value as a main index, the quality is considered to start to be deteriorated when the fatty acid value of the corn (KOH/dry basis)/(mg/100 g) > 65.0, the quality is already deteriorated when the fatty acid value of the corn is > 78.0, and the quality is normal when the fatty acid value of the corn (KOH/dry basis)/(mg/100 g) < 65.0. Accordingly, the safe quality guarantee drying period of the corn under different temperature and humidity conditions is obtained through experiments and is used as an index for selecting a ventilation and precipitation mode.
The wheat adopts heating and non-changing conditions as main indexes, the quality of the wheat is considered to start to deteriorate when the temperature of a wheat grain stack is higher than the environmental temperature by 4 ℃, the quality of the wheat grain stack is judged to be deteriorated when the temperature of the wheat grain stack is higher than the environmental temperature by 4 ℃ and the wheat grain stack has slight discoloration, taste change and tide, and the quality of the wheat grain stack is normal when the temperature of the wheat grain stack is lower than or equal to the environmental temperature. Therefore, the safe quality guarantee drying period of the wheat with high moisture content under different temperature and humidity conditions is obtained through experiments and is used as an index for selecting a ventilation and precipitation mode. After the impurities such as dust, straws and the like are removed from the grains, the grains are conveyed into a bin mechanically, a power supply is started, a control panel displays the temperature and humidity values of the grains in the bin and the internal and external environments, the safe quality guarantee drying period threshold value of the grains with different water contents such as wheat, rice, corn and the like under a certain environment temperature condition is set in a system, and the safe quality guarantee drying period of the grains is judged by a program according to the water content and the environment temperature of the grains and the following limits as indexes.
When the safe quality guarantee drying period of any layer of grain is less than or equal to 3 x 24 hours, a rapid precipitation mode is selected to be started; selecting slow water lowering mode in less than or equal to 15 × 24 hr, and selecting natural ventilation water lowering mode in more than 15 × 24 hr
Starting a heat pump and a fan during rapid precipitation to reduce the water content of grains by more than 3% every day, reducing the water content of grains with high water content to 17-19%, and slowly reducing the water content of the grains after the grains enter a relatively safe state; when the water falls slowly, the heat pump is closed, and only the fan is started, so that the water content of the grains is reduced by 0.5-3% every day; and opening the air inlet at the bin bottom and the drainage fan at the bin top during natural ventilation and rainfall, and utilizing natural wind to perform daily rainfall at a rate of less than 0.5%.
The stirring paddle is in driving connection with a motor.
And the outer wall of the steel plate bin is provided with a heat insulation layer.
The device of the embodiment comprises a steel plate bin, a heat pump and fan unit, a monitoring system and a program control system. The steel plate bin adopts a net-shaped bottom plate, the lower part of the bottom plate is provided with an air mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is provided with a bin bottom air inlet and a fan air inlet. The outer wall of the bin is provided with a heat insulation layer, so that the temperature of the grains in the bin can be kept relatively stable. The automatic stirring device is arranged in the bin, so that the grains on the upper layer and the lower layer are turned, the excessive difference of the water content of the grains on different layers is prevented, the balanced precipitation is realized, and the quality is guaranteed and the dryness is realized. The top end of the steel plate bin is provided with a feeding hole and a distributing device, and the lower part of the steel plate bin is provided with a discharging auger, so that grains can automatically enter and exit the bin. The heat pump and the fan are connected with the program control system 13, hot air is conveyed to the grains under the program control, and grain precipitation is not influenced by environmental conditions. This device arranges temperature measurement, moisture measuring cable and wireless sensor etc. inside and outside the storehouse and constitutes monitored control system for temperature, humidity, different layer height cereal moisture difference data inside and outside the automatic acquisition storehouse, to cereal grain condition real time monitoring, and to control system real-time feedback signal, control procedures such as ventilation, heating, stirring. The device has three precipitation modes of automatic selection or manual selection of rapid precipitation, slow precipitation and slow precipitation. And starting the heat pump and the bin bottom fan during rapid precipitation, only starting the bin bottom fan during slow precipitation, opening the bin bottom air inlet and the bin top drainage fan during slow precipitation, and performing precipitation by using natural wind. The control program judges the quality guarantee drying periods of different grains according to the water content and the temperature of the grains, and selects a rapid precipitation mode when the quality guarantee periods are less than or equal to 7 x 24 hours, selects a slow precipitation mode when the quality guarantee periods are less than or equal to 15 x 24 hours, and selects a slow precipitation mode when the quality guarantee periods are more than 15 x 24 hours. The control procedure determines to start the stirring device according to the water content difference of grains with different layer heights, and when the water content difference of grains with different layers is more than or equal to 3%, the stirring device is started. When the relative water balance state of the grains is reached, the device is switched to a storage mode, the air inlet and the air outlet are closed, the grain inlet and the grain outlet are sealed, the monitoring system monitors the grain condition of the grains in the bin in real time, and signals are fed back to users in real time.
Example 3: high-moisture grain storage method
A high moisture grain storage method comprises a steel plate bin for storing grains, wherein the steel plate bin comprises a cylindrical bin body, the top of the bin body is hermetically connected with a conical bin top and is provided with a plurality of air outlets and an exhaust fan; the bottom of the steel plate bin is provided with a bottom plate for placing rice, the bottom plate is uniformly provided with the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the bin body form an air mixing chamber which is connected with a fan and a heat pump; a spiral stirring paddle is arranged in the bin body, a feeding hole and a distributing device are arranged at the top of the steel plate bin, and a discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the steel plate bin; temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensors are arranged inside and outside the steel plate bin; the heat pump and the fan are connected with the program control system and are provided with a control panel for displaying, and grains are dried under the control of the program;
when the stored grain is rice: when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 25.0 and less than 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 15 × 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is less than 25.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
when the stored grain is corn: when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 3 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 65.0 and less than 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 15 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid value is less than 65.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 x 24 hours;
when the stored grain is wheat: when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to 4 ℃ of the environmental temperature, the safe quality guarantee period of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to the ambient temperature and is less than the ambient temperature by 4 ℃, the safe shelf life of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is lower than the ambient temperature, the safe quality guarantee period is considered to be longer than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
accordingly, the safe quality guarantee drying periods of the rice, the corn and the wheat with high moisture content under different temperature and humidity conditions are obtained, and when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours, a rapid precipitation mode is selected to be started; selecting a slow-speed water reducing mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; selecting a natural ventilation precipitation mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
the rapid precipitation mode is that the heat pump and the fan are started to reduce the water content of the grains to be more than or equal to 3% every day, the water content of the grains is reduced to 17-19%, and then the slow precipitation mode is selected; the slow water reducing mode is that the heat pump is closed and only the fan is started, so that the water content of the grains is reduced by 0.5-3% every day; the natural ventilation and precipitation mode is that the air inlet at the bottom of the bin and the drainage fan at the top of the bin are opened, and the water content of the grains is reduced by using natural wind at a speed of less than or equal to 0.5% every day.
The harvested grains from the field are directly warehoused without being dried in advance.
The temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensor system device installed in the steel plate bin monitors and warns the temperature and humidity states of stored grains.
The temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensors arranged on the steel plate bin are connected with a program control system so as to select and execute different drying and dewatering modes.
The bin body is internally provided with a bin material stirring device which comprises a spiral stirring paddle.
This example was conducted in a particular warehouse of corn, when the fatty acid number of corn was determined to be 66.7. Therefore, the slow water reducing mode is started, the heat pump is closed, and only the fan is started, so that the water reducing speed of the grains is controlled to be 2.2% every day.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof in any way, and any modifications or variations thereof that fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A method of storing high moisture grain, comprising: the grain storage bin comprises a steel plate bin for storing grains, wherein the steel plate bin comprises a cylindrical bin body, the top of the bin body is hermetically connected with a conical bin top, the bin top is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with an exhaust fan through a pipeline; the bottom of the steel plate bin is provided with a bottom plate for placing rice, the bottom plate is uniformly provided with meshes, the bottom plate and the bottom of the bin body form an air mixing chamber, the air mixing chamber is communicated with an air supply pipe of a fan through a pipeline, and the air supply pipe of the fan is in heat transfer connection with a heat exchange mechanism of a heat pump; a spiral stirring paddle is arranged in the bin body, a feeding hole and a distributing device are arranged at the top of the steel plate bin, and a discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the steel plate bin;
when the stored grain is rice: when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is more than or equal to 25.0 and less than 35.0, the safe shelf life of the rice is considered to be less than or equal to 15 × 24 hours; when the fatty acid value of the rice is less than 25.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
when the stored grain is corn: when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 3 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid number is greater than or equal to 65.0 and less than 78.0, the safe shelf life of the corn is considered to be less than or equal to 15 x 24 hours; when the corn fatty acid value is less than 65.0, the safe shelf life is considered to be more than 15 x 24 hours;
when the stored grain is wheat: when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to 4 ℃ of the environmental temperature, the safe quality guarantee period of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is greater than or equal to the ambient temperature and is less than the ambient temperature by 4 ℃, the safe shelf life of the wheat is considered to be less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; when the temperature of the wheat in the steel plate bin is lower than the ambient temperature, the safe quality guarantee period is considered to be longer than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
accordingly, the safe quality guarantee drying periods of the rice, the corn and the wheat with high moisture content under different temperature and humidity conditions are obtained, and when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 24 hours, a rapid precipitation mode is selected to be started; selecting a slow-speed water reducing mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 24 hours; selecting a natural ventilation precipitation mode when the safe quality guarantee period of the grain is more than 15 multiplied by 24 hours;
the rapid precipitation mode is that the heat pump and the fan are started to reduce the water content of the grains to be more than or equal to 3% every day, the water content of the grains is reduced to 17-19%, and then the slow precipitation mode is selected; the slow water reducing mode is that the heat pump is closed and only the fan is started, so that the water content of the grains is reduced by 0.5-3% every day; the natural ventilation precipitation mode is that the air inlet at the bottom of the bin and the air exhaust fan at the top of the bin are opened, and the water content of the grains is reduced by less than or equal to 0.5 percent by utilizing natural wind every day.
2. The high moisture grain storage method of claim 1, wherein: the harvested grains from the field are directly warehoused without being dried in advance.
3. The high moisture grain storage method of claim 1, wherein: the inside and the outside of the steel plate bin are provided with a temperature measurement wireless sensor and a humidity measurement wireless sensor; the heat pump and the fan are in signal connection with the control system; the temperature measurement wireless sensor and the humidity measurement wireless sensor monitor the temperature and humidity states of the stored grains.
4. The high moisture grain storage method of claim 1, wherein: the temperature and humidity measuring wireless sensors arranged on the steel plate bin are connected with a program control system so as to select and execute different drying and dewatering modes.
5. The high moisture grain storage method of claim 1, wherein: the bin body is internally provided with a bin material stirring device which comprises a spiral stirring paddle.
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