CN113512190A - 端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及高分子材料领域,尤其是指端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚及其制备方法。
背景技术
固体推进剂是一种含有大量高能材料、氧化剂、金属添加剂、高分子粘合剂等的复合材料。其中,聚合物粘结剂在将这些组分形成整体结构中起着关键作用。羟基封端的聚醚是推进剂中最常用的聚合物粘合剂,具有低粘度,高固含量和良好的异氰酸酯固化化学性质。聚合物粘合剂可以使固体材料很好地润湿并减少整个系统中的空隙,因此可以改善炸药和推进剂的机械性能和安全性。
另外,由于它们的含氟材料的化学稳定性、低摩擦系数、高密度,与高能材料的相容性以及广泛的工作温度范围,最近几年对于含氟材料的研究热度很高。此外,含氟聚合物-金属组合物可以提供更高的反应能,例如,添加铝可以有效地将比冲性能提高至少15%;另一方面,氟化物也被用于高能氧化剂,因为氟的放热比氧气高。此外,AlF3在1277℃升华,而Al2O3在3000℃沸腾。因此,铝的氟化导致冷凝相产物的减少(并可能减少两相流动损失)。在固体推进剂中反应生成的AlF3,可能会破碎,导致团聚减少。所以对于含氟材料的粘合剂材料受到研究工作者们的关注。
因此,研发一种性能好的含氟型粘合剂显得很有意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供一种端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚,其结构如式1所示,
其中,X、Y、m、n分别独立地取自正整数,m、n满足如下关系:m≤2n+1。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提供上述端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚由式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应得到,所述式2所示化合物结构如下所示:
其中,m、n分别独立地取自正整数,m、n满足如下关系:m≤2n+1。
优选地,m取4,n取2。
根据本发明的技术方案,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应所使用的溶剂为卤代甲烷。
优选地,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应所使用的溶剂选自二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的技术方案,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应过程中,添加催化剂,所述催化剂为BF3·Et2O。
根据本发明的技术方案,所述催化剂与聚丁二醇的物质的量的比为2~2.5:1。
根据本发明的技术方案,聚丁二醇的相对分子量为100~6000g/mol。
根据本发明的技术方案,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应,包括:将聚丁二醇加入溶剂中,当温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O反应半小时后,滴入式2所示化合物,继续反应一段时间后,加入水终止反应,将得到的粗产物用蒸馏水萃取,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相,将所述有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为式1所示化合物。
根据本发明的技术方案,所述一段时间为6~48h。
式1所示化合物以下也简称PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。式2所示化合物以下也简称FPO,名称为2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷。聚丁二醇以下也简称PTMG。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
1、本发明提供了一种新型的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚材料(PFPO-PTMG-PFPO),其不仅具有含氟材料特性而且具有聚醚材料的性质,其用作固体推进剂效果更好。
2、本发明提供了一种新型的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚材料(PFPO-PTMG-PFPO)的制备方法,其采用一锅法,条件温和,安全无毒,合成方法简单,易于工业化。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备的PFPO-PTMG-PFPO的核磁图谱;
图2为实施例1所制备的PFPO-PTMG-PFPO热重分析(TG)图谱;
图3为实施例1所制备的PFPO-PTMG-PFPO差示扫描测量热分析(DSC)图谱。
图4为实施例1所制备的PFPO-PTMG-PFPO在不同温度下的粘度值图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例和对比例对本发明的方案进行解释。本领域技术人员将会理解,下面的实施例和对比例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。使用的方法如无特别说明,均为本领域公知的常规方法,使用的耗材和试剂如无特别说明,均为市场购得。除非另有说明,本文中所用的专业与科学术语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法或材料也可应用于本发明中。
实施例1
本实施例提供了聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO的制备方法,
合成路线为:
具体步骤如下:
将0.003mol PTMG(0.003mol,Mn=2000g/mol)加入到5ml二氯甲烷溶液中,当反应温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O(0.0063mol)反应半小时后,缓慢滴入2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷(12g),滴加完后,让其继续反应12h后,加入5ml的蒸馏水终止反应,将得到的粗产物与一定体积的蒸馏水萃取若干次,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相物质,最后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。所制备的PFPO-PTMG-PFPO的核磁图谱如图1所示;热重分析(TG)图谱如图2所示;差示扫描测量热分析(DSC)图谱如图3所示;所制备的PFPO-PTMG-PFPO在不同温度下的粘度值图如图4所示。
实施例2
本实施例提供了聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO的制备方法,合成路线同实施例1。
将0.003mol PTMG(0.003mol,Mn=2000g/mol)加入到5ml二氯甲烷溶液中,当反应温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O(0.0069mol)反应半小时后,缓慢滴入2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷(12g),滴加完后,让其继续反应12h后,加入5ml的蒸馏水终止反应,将得到的粗产物与一定体积的蒸馏水萃取若干次,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相物质,最后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。
实施例3
本实施例提供了聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO的制备方法,合成路线同实施例1。
将0.003mol PTMG(0.003mol,Mn=2000g/mol)加入到5ml二氯甲烷溶液中,当反应温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O(0.0075mol)反应半小时后,缓慢滴入2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷(12g),滴加完后,让其继续反应12h后,加入5ml的蒸馏水终止反应,将得到的粗产物与一定体积的蒸馏水萃取若干次,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相物质,最后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。
实施例4
合成路线同实施例1。
将0.003mol PTMG(0.003mol,Mn=2000g/mol)加入到5ml二氯甲烷溶液中,当反应温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O(0.0069mol)反应半小时后,缓慢滴入2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷(12g),滴加完后,让其继续反应6h后,加入5ml的蒸馏水终止反应,将得到的粗产物与一定体积的蒸馏水萃取若干次,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相物质,最后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。
实施例5
合成路线同实施例1。
将0.003mol PTMG(0.003mol,Mn=2000g/mol)加入到5ml二氯甲烷溶液中,当反应温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O(0.0069mol)反应半小时后,缓慢滴入2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷(12g),滴加完后,让其继续反应24h后,加入5ml的蒸馏水终止反应,将得到的粗产物与一定体积的蒸馏水萃取若干次,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相物质,最后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。
实施例6
合成路线同实施例1。
将0.003mol PTMG(0.003mol,Mn=2000g/mol)加入到5ml二氯甲烷溶液中,当反应温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O(0.0069mol)反应半小时后,缓慢滴入2-(2,2,3,3-四氟-丙氧基甲基)-环氧乙烷(12g),滴加完后,让其继续反应48h后,加入5ml的蒸馏水终止反应,将得到的粗产物与一定体积的蒸馏水萃取若干次,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相物质,最后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO。
羟基封端的聚醚是推进剂中最常用的聚合物粘合剂,理论上及实验均证明,本发明得到的聚合物PFPO-PTMG-PFPO能够用作推进剂中的聚合物粘合剂,且其效果优于现有技术中的常规羟基封端的聚醚。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例和对比例,可以理解的是,上述实施例和对比例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,m取4,n取2。
4.根据权利要求2所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应所使用的溶剂为卤代甲烷。
5.根据权利要求4所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应所使用的溶剂选自二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应过程中,添加催化剂,所述催化剂为BF3·Et2O。
7.根据权利要求6所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂与聚丁二醇的物质的量的比为2~2.5:1。
8.根据权利要求2所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,聚丁二醇的相对分子量为100~6000g/mol。
9.根据权利要求2所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,式2所示化合物和聚丁二醇反应,包括:将聚丁二醇加入溶剂中,当温度降到0℃时,加入BF3·Et2O反应半小时后,滴入式2所示化合物,继续反应一段时间后,加入水终止反应,将得到的粗产物用蒸馏水萃取,直到水相的pH为7时,收取有机相,将所述有机相进行减压蒸馏,得到透明的黏稠液体,即为式1所示化合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的端羟基含氟三嵌段共聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于,所述一段时间为6~48h。
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