CN113511922B - Matte glaze for sanitary ceramic and preparation method of sanitary ceramic - Google Patents
Matte glaze for sanitary ceramic and preparation method of sanitary ceramic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sanitary ceramics, in particular to a matte glaze for sanitary ceramics and a preparation method of sanitary ceramics, wherein the matte glaze for sanitary ceramics comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-18 parts of quartz powder, 15-25 parts of waste porcelain powder, 14-20 parts of calcined talcum powder, 12-16 parts of wollastonite powder, 8-10 parts of Hunan kaolin, 8-15 parts of high alumina powder, 0.1-2 parts of calcined zinc oxide and 2-5 parts of dolomite; the silicon-aluminum ratio of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic is 4.8-6.2. The matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic can show the matte effect of silk luster, has the characteristics of fineness, stain resistance, wide firing temperature range and good thermal stability of glaze, is simple in preparation process, smooth and flat in glaze surface without fine pores, and solves the problems that bubbles, pinholes and poor glaze surface flatness are easy to occur in the glaze surface of the traditional sanitary ceramic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sanitary ceramics, in particular to a matte glaze for sanitary ceramics and a preparation method of sanitary ceramics.
Background
The matt glaze is a matt glaze with spun silk luster or jade luster, and is a microcrystalline glaze in a matt glaze system. The matte glaze product is a high-grade product of modern ceramics, is also a trend of modern ceramic decorative materials, and brings quiet and comfortable feeling to people because the matte glaze is fine and smooth in glaze surface and soft in reflection, for example, the matte glaze is applied to sanitary ware, is matched with bathroom cabinets, bathroom floor tiles and the like, and can effectively improve the comfortable feeling in use.
The preparation methods of matte glaze products in the current market mainly comprise two types: one is to introduce a refractory compound which is not completely melted in the melting process of the glaze and is in a semi-melted state, and the crystalline scattering effect of the residual compound is utilized to generate a matte effect; the second is to introduce a component that can precipitate the matt crystals, which when reaching a certain amount will produce a matt effect. When the two methods are adopted to prepare the matte glaze, a certain amount of chemical raw materials such as zirconium silicate, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, lithium-containing compounds and the like which are relatively expensive are more or less introduced into the glaze formula, so that the cost of the prepared matte glaze is relatively high, and the prepared matte glaze is poor in pollution resistance and thermal stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the background technology, the invention aims to provide the matte glaze for sanitary ceramics, which can show the matte effect of silk luster, has the characteristics of fineness, stain resistance, wide firing temperature range and good thermal stability of the glaze, and solves the problems of narrow firing temperature range, poor stain resistance, poor thermal stability and high cost of the traditional matte glaze;
the invention also aims at providing a preparation method of the sanitary ceramic using the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, smooth and flat glaze surface without fine pores, and solves the problems that the existing sanitary ceramic glaze is easy to generate bubbles, pinholes and poor in glaze flatness.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-18 parts of quartz powder, 15-25 parts of waste porcelain powder, 14-20 parts of calcined talcum powder, 12-16 parts of wollastonite powder, 8-10 parts of Hunan kaolin, 8-15 parts of high alumina powder, 0.1-2 parts of calcined zinc oxide and 2-5 parts of dolomite;
the silicon-aluminum ratio of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic is 4.8-6.2.
Further, the content of magnesium oxide in the calcined talc powder is more than 30% and the content of calcium oxide in wollastonite powder is more than 40% in terms of mass percent.
Further, the raw materials also comprise 2 to 2.5 parts of vanadium blue pigment and 1 to 1.5 parts of praseodymium yellow pigment according to parts by weight.
Further, the raw materials also comprise 0.25 to 0.35 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to parts by weight.
A preparation method of sanitary ceramic uses the matte glaze for sanitary ceramic, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a blank: adding water into the raw material of the green body for wet ball milling, and carrying out slip casting through a die to obtain a sanitary ceramic green body;
(2) Preparation of matte glaze for sanitary ceramics: adding water into the raw materials according to a formula, ball milling, and carrying out first iron removal sieving and second iron removal sieving on the ball milled glaze slurry to obtain matte glaze for sanitary ceramics;
(3) Glazing: spraying the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic to the surface of the sanitary ceramic body in a glaze spraying mode;
(4) Firing: and drying the glazed sanitary ceramic blank, and then firing in a kiln to obtain sanitary ceramic.
Further described, in the step (2), according to the raw materials: ball: water = 1: (2.2-2.5): (0.5-0.8) and ball milling for 10.5-12.5 h.
Further more, in the step (2), the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling is less than 0.2% after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, and the mass of the raw material with the granularity less than 10 μm accounts for 67-72% of the total mass of the raw materials.
Further more, in the step (4), in the step (2), the ball-milled glaze slurry is subjected to first iron removal and sieving through a 180-mesh screen, and then subjected to second iron removal and sieving through a 200-mesh screen.
Further more, in the step (3), after glazing, the thickness of the glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.8-1.2 mm.
Further, in the step (4), the firing temperature in the kiln is 1185 to 1210 ℃ and the firing time is 16 to 20 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the silica-alumina ratio of the glaze is regulated and controlled by the raw materials such as potassium feldspar, waste porcelain powder, wollastonite powder, high alumina stone powder and the like, so that a matt glaze surface with extremely strong silk texture can be generated, the matt effect of silk texture is shown, mgO, caO, znO and other components are introduced into the formula by the raw materials such as calcined talcum powder, wollastonite powder and calcined zinc oxide to different degrees, and anorthite (CaO.Al) is formed in the glaze during sintering 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Zinc silicate (ZnO. SiO) 2 ) Wollastonite (CaO. SiO) 2 ) Or diopside (CaO. MgO. 2 SiO) 2 ) The fine crystals are precipitated and accumulated on the glaze surface to obtain a matte glaze surface, and the fine crystal phases can be precipitated in a wider temperature range, so that the fine crystal phases can exist stably, and the matte glaze for sanitary ceramics can be obtainedThe matte effect of silk luster is shown, the characteristics of fineness, stain resistance, wide firing temperature range and good thermal stability of glaze are achieved, and the problems of narrow firing temperature range, poor stain resistance, poor thermal stability and high cost of the existing matte glaze are solved.
Detailed Description
The matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-18 parts of quartz powder, 15-25 parts of waste porcelain powder, 14-20 parts of calcined talcum powder, 12-16 parts of wollastonite powder, 8-10 parts of Hunan kaolin, 8-15 parts of high alumina powder, 0.1-2 parts of calcined zinc oxide and 2-5 parts of dolomite;
the silicon-aluminum ratio of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic is 4.8-6.2.
The types of crystals deposited in the matte glaze can be roughly classified into: zinc matte glaze, calcium matte glaze, barium matte glaze, calcium magnesium matte glaze, calcium barium matte glaze, calcium magnesium barium matte glaze, and the like. The zinc matte glaze has poor acid resistance, is easily affected by an acid environment, and has high cost due to high zinc oxide price; the calcium matte glaze surface is fine and smooth and has poor smoothness; after the barium matte glaze is added with pigment, the color is easily affected by fluctuation of a kiln; the firing temperature range of the calcium-magnesium matt glaze is narrow.
The invention takes the microcrystalline glaze with the calcium-magnesium as the matte glaze substrate as the basic glaze, and in a calcium-magnesium matte glaze system, although the firing temperature range is narrow, the invention ensures that the matte glaze for sanitary ceramics has the characteristics of fineness, pollution resistance and wide firing temperature range through the optimization of formula components.
In the formula of the matte glaze for sanitary ceramics, the silicon-aluminum ratio of the glaze is regulated and controlled by the raw materials such as potassium feldspar, waste porcelain powder, wollastonite powder, high alumina stone powder and the like, so that the silicon-aluminum ratio range of the glaze is controlled to be 4.8-6.2 (in the SiOGel formula of the glaze obtained by calculating the chemical components of the glaze, siO 2 With Al 2 O 3 Molar amount ratio of (2) can produce a matt glaze with extremely strong silk texture, and shows a matt effect of silk texture, and the silk texture is burned to different degrees in the formulaThe talcum powder, wollastonite powder and calcined zinc oxide are introduced into MgO, caO, znO, and anorthite (CaO. Al) is formed in the glaze during sintering 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Zinc silicate (ZnO. SiO) 2 ) Wollastonite (CaO. SiO) 2 ) Or diopside (CaO. MgO. 2 SiO) 2 ) The fine crystals are precipitated and accumulated on the glaze surface, so that a matte glaze surface is obtained, and the fine crystal phases can be precipitated in a wider temperature range, so that the fine crystal phases can exist stably;
wherein, by introducing the calcined talc, mgO can be provided to form cordierite (2MgO.2Al with silicon aluminum oxide in the glaze 2 O 3 ·5SiO 2 ) With CaO and SiO 2 Reacts to form diopside (CaO. MgO. 2SiO) 2 ) The micro crystals are used for enhancing the matte effect, and meanwhile, the calcined talcum powder can reduce the sintering temperature of the glaze, reduce the expansion coefficient of the glaze, enhance the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze and widen the sintering temperature range of the glaze;
the wollastonite powder is introduced, so that CaO and other components in the glaze melt can generate anorthite, wollastonite or diopside and other tiny crystals, the matte effect is promoted, the wollastonite powder does not contain volatile components, and the defects of pinholes, bubbles and the like on the glaze surface caused by gas generated by high-temperature decomposition during firing are avoided, so that the texture of the glaze silk can be enhanced, and the anti-fouling, wear-resisting and acid-alkali-resistant performances of the glaze surface can be improved;
the waste porcelain powder is introduced, so that the oxidation reaction of each component in the waste porcelain powder is completed, the gas emission is small in the firing process, the glaze layer is compact after firing, a thicker middle layer is formed between the glaze blanks, the hardness and the fineness of the glaze are obviously improved, the porosity of the glazed surface is extremely low, the anti-pollution capability of the glaze can be obviously enhanced, the defects of air holes, pinholes, glaze bubbles and the like are reduced, the quality of the glaze is improved, the expansion coefficient of the glaze blanks is also compatible, the adaptability of the glaze blanks is improved, the thermal stability of products is also improved, the initial melting temperature of the glaze can be improved, the problem that the air holes are generated on the glaze in the exhaust process of blanks due to the lower initial melting point of the glaze is avoided, the problem that the quality of the glaze is poor is solved, the firing temperature range of the glaze is widened, and the waste porcelain powder is used for replacing part of feldspar and quartz raw materials, and the cost of the glaze can be reduced;
the alumina component in the glaze can be provided by introducing the high-alumina stone powder, the network intermediate alumina is introduced, the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze is regulated and controlled, the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and chemical stability of the glaze are improved, and the price of the high-alumina stone powder is half that of the alumina micropowder, so that the cost of the glaze can be reduced;
the calcined zinc oxide is introduced and used as a fluxing agent, so that the glaze is smooth and flat, the anti-pollution capability and the thermal stability are improved, the willemite tiny crystal grains are generated in the glaze, the matte effect is generated, the glossiness can be regulated and controlled, the glossiness of the glaze is gradually improved along with the increase of the addition amount of the zinc oxide, but the glossiness required by the matte glaze is not required to be too high, and a small amount of zinc oxide is added in the formula, so that the effect of regulating the glossiness can be achieved, and the thermal stability of the glaze can be improved;
the proportion of calcium and magnesium can be further regulated by introducing dolomite, so that the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze melt is suitable, and the glaze has good fluidity, and the fired glaze is smooth, smooth and compact;
as the addition amount of the ridging raw materials such as quartz powder, wollastonite powder, waste porcelain powder and the like in the formula is more, the uniformity of each component in the glaze can be ensured by introducing Hunan kaolin as a suspending agent;
the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic can show the matte effect of silk luster, has the characteristics of fineness, stain resistance, wide firing temperature range and good thermal stability of the glaze, and solves the problems of narrow firing temperature range, poor stain resistance, poor thermal stability and high cost of the traditional matte glaze.
Further, the content of magnesium oxide in the calcined talc powder is more than 30% and the content of calcium oxide in wollastonite powder is more than 40% in terms of mass percent.
MgO can be provided by introducing the calcined talc, the content of magnesium oxide in the calcined talc is limited, and enough MgO in the calcined talc can be ensured to generate cordierite (2MgO.2Al with silicon aluminum oxide in glaze 2 O 3 ·5SiO 2 ) With CaO and SiO 2 Reacts to form diopside (CaO. MgO. 2SiO) 2 ) Tiny crystals, thereby ensuring the matte effect of the glaze; the wollastonite powder is introduced to provide CaO, so that the content of calcium oxide in the wollastonite powder is limited, and the wollastonite powder is ensured to have enough CaO to generate micro crystals such as anorthite, wollastonite or diopside with other components in the glaze melt, thereby promoting the matte effect.
Specifically, the waste porcelain powder is obtained by recycling ceramic waste, and the chemical composition of the waste porcelain powder is SiO (silicon dioxide) according to the mass percentage 2 61～65％、Al 2 O 3 20～24％、Fe 2 O 3 0.1～2％、TiO 2 0～0.2％、CaO 0.5～2％、MgO 0.5～2％、K 2 O 2～4％、Na 2 O1-3% and IL 0-2%.
The chemical composition of the Hunan kaolin is SiO according to the mass percentage 2 48～52％、Al 2 O 3 32～36％、Fe 2 O 3 0～0.3％、TiO 2 0～0.2％、CaO 0～2％、MgO 0～2％、K 2 O 1～4％、Na 2 O0-2 and I.L-14%.
The chemical composition of the high alumina stone powder is SiO according to the mass percentage 2 32～38％、Al 2 O 3 50～55％、Fe 2 O 3 0～0.5％、TiO 2 0～0.2％、CaO 0～2％、MgO 0～2％、K 2 O 1～3％、Na 2 0 to 2 percent of O and I.L to 4 percent.
Preferably, the fineness of the waste porcelain powder is 80-140 meshes, the fineness of the calcined talcum powder is less than 5% after passing through a 200-mesh sieve, the fineness of the wollastonite powder is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve, the fineness of the Hunan kaolin is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve, and the fineness of the high alumina powder is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve.
The fineness of the waste porcelain powder, the burnt talcum powder, the wollastonite powder, the Hunan kaolin and the high alumina stone powder is limited, so that the ball milling effect of the glaze can be well controlled, the ball milling time of the glaze preparation is consistent, the parameters of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling are stable, the ball milling time is avoided to be overlong, the electricity consumption of the ball mill can be saved, and the production cost of the glaze is reduced.
Further, the raw materials also comprise 2 to 2.5 parts of vanadium blue pigment and 1 to 1.5 parts of praseodymium yellow pigment according to parts by weight.
The blue-green pigment and the praseodymium yellow pigment are added into the raw materials for blending, so that the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic presents blue color, the color of the glaze obtained by blending is applied to the sanitary ceramic, the ceramic is matched with bathroom cabinets and bathroom floor tiles for use, and the comfortable and soft effect can be presented.
Further, the raw materials also comprise 0.25 to 0.35 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to parts by weight.
By adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into the raw materials, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is helpful to improve the ball milling efficiency and the performance of glaze slip in the ball milling process, improve the stability of glaze, and stabilize the ball milling effect by controlling the ball water ratio in the ball milling process.
A preparation method of sanitary ceramic uses the matte glaze for sanitary ceramic, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a blank: adding water into the raw material of the green body for wet ball milling, and carrying out slip casting through a die to obtain a sanitary ceramic green body;
(2) Preparation of matte glaze for sanitary ceramics: adding water into the raw materials according to a formula, ball milling, and carrying out first iron removal sieving and second iron removal sieving on the ball milled glaze slurry to obtain matte glaze for sanitary ceramics;
(3) Glazing: spraying the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic to the surface of the sanitary ceramic body in a glaze spraying mode;
(4) Firing: and drying the glazed sanitary ceramic blank, and then firing in a kiln to obtain sanitary ceramic.
The invention introduces the raw material of waste porcelain powder and is matched with other components to optimize the glaze formula, so that the stain resistance and the thermal stability of the glaze are good.
In the step (1), the raw material of the green body prepared by the green body adopts the conventional raw material formula of the green body, and in the step (1), the raw material of the green body is added with water to perform wet ball milling to obtain slurry, wherein the mass of the raw material with the granularity smaller than 10 mu m accounts for 50-55% of the total mass of the raw material of the green body.
Further described, in the step (2), according to the raw materials: ball: water = 1: (2.2-2.5): (0.5-0.8) and ball milling for 10.5-12.5 h.
The ball milling effect is optimized by controlling the proportion of ball water and adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) into the raw materials, and further explaining that the raw materials are added with water according to the formula and ball-milled in a ball mill, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 20-24 r/min, and the ball milling effect on glaze slurry is ensured.
Further more, in the step (2), the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling is less than 0.2% after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, and the mass of the raw material with the granularity less than 10 μm accounts for 67-72% of the total mass of the raw materials.
In the step (2), the fineness of the glaze slip is controlled within a reasonable range, so that the silk luster effect of the glaze for sanitary ceramics is optimal after firing, when the grains in the glaze slip are too coarse, a good smooth glaze cannot be formed, when the grains in the glaze slip are too fine, the liquid phase quantity is increased, so that the glass phase in the glaze is increased, the glaze becomes bright, and the matte effect is lost.
Further described, by blendingThe specific gravity of the obtained glaze slip is 1.75-1.76 g/cm 3 Parameters of glaze slip are modulated according to a glaze spraying process, so that the products obtained after glaze spraying cannot have defects of thick and thin glaze, glaze corrugation and the like.
Specifically, in the step (4), in the step (2), the ball-milled glaze slurry is subjected to first iron removal and sieving through a 180-mesh screen, and then is subjected to second iron removal and sieving through a 200-mesh screen.
The first iron removal sieving is carried out through 180 meshes, the second iron removal sieving is carried out through a 200-mesh screen, and the two iron removal sieving operations ensure that impurities such as black spots, yellow spots, green spots and the like are not seen on the glaze after firing, so that the defect of impurities on the glaze is effectively reduced, and the yield of fired products is improved.
Preferably, in the step (3), after glazing, the thickness of the glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.8-1.2 mm.
Specifically, when the step (3) adopts a glaze spraying mode to spray the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic to the surface of the sanitary ceramic body, the glaze spraying can be carried out for a plurality of times, and the glazing fineness is improved.
By limiting the thickness of the glaze layer, the uniformity of the thickness of the glaze layer after glaze spraying is ensured, so that the matte glaze effect after firing is optimal, if the thickness of the glaze layer is too thin, the defects of uneven glaze surface and poor glaze surface color (incomplete glaze color) are easy to occur, otherwise, if the thickness of the glaze layer is too thick, the glaze layer is easy to occur glaze cracking or peeling after glaze spraying, and the glaze shrinkage phenomenon occurs after firing.
Preferably, in the step (4), the firing temperature in the kiln is 1185 to 1210 ℃ and the firing time is 16 to 20 hours.
Through optimization of the formula components of the glaze, the calcium-magnesium matte glaze can be sintered in a wider temperature range (1185-1210 ℃), enough liquid phase is generated in a shorter time after the sintering, so that the glaze is smooth, fine and glossy and is silk-glossy, if the sintering temperature is too high, residual crystal nuclei in the glaze are all melted, the glaze is boiled to generate glaze bubbles, and if the sintering temperature is too low, the glaze is sintered to generate a complete matte glaze effect.
Further, in the step (4), the glazed sanitary ceramic body is dried until the water content of the body is less than 1.8%, so that the situation that the body cracks due to excessive water content when the body is fired in a kiln is avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments.
The present invention is described more fully below in order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. This invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
The examples are not to be construed as limiting the specific techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or as per the specifications of the product. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Examples 1 to 5
A method for preparing sanitary ceramics, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a blank: adding water into the raw material of the green body (adopting the conventional raw material formula of the green body) for wet ball milling, wherein the mass of the raw material with the granularity smaller than 10 mu m in slurry obtained by ball milling accounts for 53% of the total mass of the raw material of the green body, and preparing a sanitary ceramic green body through mould slip casting;
(2) Preparation of matte glaze for sanitary ceramics: the raw materials were ball-milled in a ball mill with water according to the formulation of table 1 (in parts by weight), wherein the raw materials were: ball: water = 1:2.3: ball milling for 12h in a mass ratio of 0.6, wherein the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling is less than 0.2 percent after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, the mass of the raw materials with the granularity less than 10 mu m accounts for 70 percent of the total mass of the raw materials in the formula, the ball milled glaze slurry is subjected to first iron removal sieving through a 180-mesh sieve, then is subjected to second iron removal sieving through a 200-mesh sieve, and the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is 1.75g/cm 3 The matte glaze for sanitary ceramics is prepared;
(3) Glazing: spraying the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic to the surface of the sanitary ceramic body in a glaze spraying mode, wherein the thickness of a glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 1mm;
(4) Firing: and (3) drying the glazed sanitary ceramic blank until the water content of the blank is less than 1.8%, and then sintering in a kiln at 1200 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
Table 1 raw material formulation table of matte glaze for sanitary ceramics
Wherein: the content of magnesium oxide in the calcined talcum powder is more than 30%, the content of calcium oxide in wollastonite powder is more than 40%, the fineness of waste porcelain powder is 80-140 meshes, the fineness of the calcined talcum powder is less than 5% after passing through a 200-mesh sieve, the fineness of the wollastonite powder is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve, the fineness of Hunan kaolin is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve, and the fineness of high alumina powder is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve.
Example 6
Compared with the example 2, in the preparation of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic in the step (2), the raw materials of the glaze are added with 2.2 parts by weight of vanadium blue pigment and 1.3 parts by weight of praseodymium yellow pigment, and the rest of the formula and the preparation method are the same as those in the example 2, so that the sanitary ceramic is prepared.
Example 7
Compared with the example 2, in the preparation of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic in the step (2), 0.3 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is added to the raw materials of the glaze according to parts by weight, and the rest of the formula and the preparation method are the same as those in the example 2, so that the sanitary ceramic is prepared.
Comparative example 1
A method for preparing sanitary ceramics, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a blank: adding water into the raw material of the green body (adopting the conventional raw material formula of the green body) for wet ball milling, wherein the mass of the raw material with the granularity smaller than 10 mu m in slurry obtained by ball milling accounts for 53% of the total mass of the raw material of the green body, and preparing a sanitary ceramic green body through mould slip casting;
(2) Preparation of matte glaze for sanitary ceramics: the formula of the raw materials is as follows: 25 parts of potassium feldspar, 20 parts of quartz powder, 5 parts of waste porcelain powder, 16 parts of calcined talcum powder, 16 parts of wollastonite powder, 12 parts of Hunan kaolin, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 2 parts of vanadium blue pigment and 1.2 parts of praseodymium yellow pigment, wherein the content of magnesium oxide in the calcined talcum powder is more than 30%, the content of calcium oxide in the wollastonite powder is more than 40%, the fineness of the waste porcelain powder is 80-140 meshes, the fineness of the calcined talcum powder is less than 5% after passing through a 200-mesh sieve, the fineness of the wollastonite powder is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve, the fineness of the Hunan kaolin is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve, and the fineness of the high-alumina powder is less than 5% after passing through a 325-mesh sieve;
adding water into the raw materials to perform ball milling in a ball mill, wherein the raw materials are as follows: ball: water = 1:2.3: ball milling for 12h in a mass ratio of 0.6, wherein the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling is less than 0.2 percent after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, the mass of the raw materials with the granularity less than 10 mu m accounts for 70 percent of the total mass of the raw materials in the formula, the ball milled glaze slurry is subjected to first iron removal sieving through a 180-mesh sieve, then is subjected to second iron removal sieving through a 200-mesh sieve, and the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is 1.75g/cm 3 The matte glaze for sanitary ceramics is prepared;
(3) Glazing: spraying the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic to the surface of the sanitary ceramic body in a glaze spraying mode, wherein the thickness of a glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 1mm;
(4) Firing: and (3) drying the glazed sanitary ceramic blank until the water content of the blank is less than 1.8%, and then sintering in a kiln at 1200 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
Performance test:
1. determination of soil resistance: wiping the surface of the product or test piece with clean soft cloth, dripping 3-4 drops of ink on the surface, wearing rubber gloves with the right hand to hold the fingers, wiping the ink uniformly, repeatedly grinding the fingers with force, washing the ink on the surface with water after 3min, and observing the number of black stains adsorbed on the surface of the glaze layer.
2. Determination of thermal stability: and (3) placing the product or the test piece in an electrothermal blowing constant temperature drying oven, baking for 3 hours at the temperature of 130 ℃, then placing the product or the test piece in ice water at the temperature of 3 ℃, placing the product or the test piece in a container filled with red ink solution for soaking for 10 minutes after the temperature of the product or the test piece is reduced to normal temperature (the red ink solution is required to submerge an object to be detected), and taking out to observe whether the glaze has cracks.
3. Measurement of high temperature fluidity: the sample glaze slip is poured into a mould to prepare a cylindrical glaze strip with the diameter of 10mm, the cylindrical glaze strip is placed into an oven to be dried, then 4g of the cylindrical glaze strip is weighed, wet methyl (wet methyl refers to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose dry powder and water which are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10) is adhered to a slope plate square brick and placed on a 45-degree fireproof support to be fired in a kiln, and after firing, the high-temperature fluidity (also called the melting length) of the glaze material can be represented by measuring the distance of the glaze strip flowing down on the square brick by using a steel rule.
The anti-fouling ability, the thermal stability and the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze were measured for examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in the following table:
table 2 results of the performance tests of examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1
As shown by the test results, the sanitary ceramic prepared in examples 1-7 has excellent stain resistance on the glaze, the number of black stains on the glaze is less than 5 after the stain resistance test, the thermal stability is good, the sanitary ceramic is not cracked after the thermal stability test at 3-130 ℃ is carried out for three times, the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze is good, and the sanitary ceramic prepared in comparative example 1 has poor stain resistance on the glaze and poor thermal stability due to the addition of the waste ceramic powder, and has slight glaze cracking after the thermal stability test at 3-130 ℃;
the glaze of the sanitary ceramic prepared in example 6, to which a colorant was added, was subjected to a gloss test by a gloss tester (this gloss test was performed using a WGG-60 type gloss meter, the surface of the test sample was smooth, no significant irregularities were observed, and no light leakage was observed, and a sufficient planar range was allowed for the test), to obtain a glaze gloss of 33.2 °, and a glaze of the sanitary ceramic prepared in example 6, to which a colorant was added, was subjected to a color difference test by using a alic X-Rite Ci60 color difference meter, to obtain a color difference value of L: 66.75, a: -13.64, b:1.02, the color development effect is better, the glaze silk luster is obvious, and the glaze effect is good, which is different from the color development (the color difference value with the target color plate) required.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 1, in the preparation process of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic in the step (2), the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling is less than 0.2% after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, the mass of the raw materials with the granularity of less than 10 μm accounts for 60% of the total mass of the raw materials in the formula, and the rest of the formula and the preparation method are identical with those in the example 1, so that the sanitary ceramic is prepared.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, in the preparation process of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic in the step (2), the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling is less than 0.2% after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, the mass of the raw materials with the granularity of less than 10 μm accounts for 75% of the total mass of the raw materials in the formula, and the rest of the formula and the preparation method are identical with those in the example 1, so that the sanitary ceramic is prepared.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the example 1, after the glazing of the step (3) is finished, the thickness of the glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.5mm, and the rest of the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the example 1, so that the sanitary ceramic is prepared.
Comparative example 5
Compared with the example 1, after the glazing of the step (3) is finished, the thickness of the glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 1.5mm, and the rest of the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the example 1, so that the sanitary ceramic is prepared.
Comparative example 6
In comparison with example 1, in the step (4), the firing temperature in the kiln was 1250℃and the firing time was 18 hours, and the other formulation and the preparation method were the same as those of example 1, to prepare a sanitary ceramic.
Comparative example 7
In step (4), the firing temperature in kiln was 1150 c and the firing time was 18 hours, as compared with example 1, and the other formulation and preparation method were the same as in example 1, to prepare a sanitary ceramic.
The glaze of the sanitary ceramics prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 7 was observed, including the flatness and fineness of the glaze, wherein the flatness of the glaze was observed as follows: looking up the glaze surface by eyes, observing whether the glaze surface has obvious corrugation and concave-convex, and observing the fineness of the glaze surface to be: the eyes look at the glaze surface in a head-up mode, whether the glaze surface is smooth or not and has no fine pores is observed, and the test results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 results of Performance test for examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-7
The test results show that the glazed surfaces of the sanitary ceramics prepared in the embodiments 1 to 7 can show the matte effect of silk luster, are smooth, flat and free of fine pores, have the advantage of fine and smooth glazed surfaces, and are matched with bathroom cabinets, bathroom floor tiles and the like for use, so that the sanitary ceramics are attractive in effect and high in use comfort;
in the comparative example 1, the addition amount of the waste porcelain powder is too small, so that the compactness of the glaze is affected, pinholes are easy to form on the glaze, and the glaze effect is affected; in the comparative example 2, the glaze surface is uneven locally due to the too coarse particles in the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling in the step (2), and a smooth and flat glaze surface cannot be formed, and in the comparative example 3, the brightness effect is enhanced and the matte effect is weakened due to the too fine particles in the glaze slurry obtained by ball milling in the step (2), although the glaze surface is smooth and flat;
the comparative example 4 has the defects of uneven glaze and poor glaze color (insufficient glaze color) because the thickness of the glaze layer is too thin in the glazing process of the step (3), and the glaze layer is too thick in the glazing process of the step (3), the phenomenon of local glaze stripping occurs after the glaze spraying, the phenomenon of shrinkage occurs on the glaze surface after the firing, and the flatness of the glaze surface is affected;
in the comparative example 6, the firing temperature is too high in the kiln firing in the step (4), and the glaze surface boils to generate glaze bubbles in the firing process, so that the flatness of the glaze surface is affected, and in the comparative example 7, the firing temperature is too low in the kiln firing in the step (4), so that the raw firing is caused, and the glaze surface is smooth and flat and has no fine pores, but the full matt glaze surface effect is shown.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing sanitary ceramics, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a blank: adding water into the raw material of the green body for wet ball milling, and carrying out slip casting through a die to obtain a sanitary ceramic green body;
(2) Preparation of matte glaze for sanitary ceramics: adding water into the raw materials according to a formula, ball milling, carrying out first iron removal sieving and second iron removal sieving on the ball milled glaze slurry to obtain matte glaze for sanitary ceramics, wherein the fineness of the glaze slurry obtained through ball milling is less than 0.2% after passing through a 400-mesh sieve, and the mass of the raw materials with granularity less than 10 mu m accounts for 67-72% of the total mass of the raw materials of the formula;
the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic consists of the following components in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-18 parts of quartz powder, 15-25 parts of waste porcelain powder, 14-20 parts of calcined talcum powder, 12-16 parts of wollastonite powder, 8-10 parts of Hunan kaolin, 8-15 parts of high alumina powder, 0.1-2 parts of calcined zinc oxide, 2-5 parts of dolomite, 2-2.5 parts of vanadium blue pigment and 1-1.5 parts of praseodymium yellow pigment;
the silicon-aluminum ratio of the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic is 4.8-6.2;
the content of magnesium oxide in the calcined talcum powder is more than 30 percent, and the content of calcium oxide in wollastonite powder is more than 40 percent;
(3) Glazing: spraying the matte glaze for the sanitary ceramic to the surface of the sanitary ceramic body in a glaze spraying mode, wherein the thickness of a glaze layer on the surface of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.8-1.2 mm after the glaze spraying is finished;
(4) Firing: and drying the glazed sanitary ceramic blank, and then sintering in a kiln at 1185-1210 ℃ for 16-20 hours to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the following raw materials are used: ball: water = 1: (2.2-2.5): (0.5-0.8) and ball milling for 10.5-12.5 h.
3. The method for preparing a sanitary ceramic according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ball-milled glaze slurry is subjected to a first iron removal sieving through a 180 mesh sieve, and then subjected to a second iron removal sieving through a 200 mesh sieve.
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| CN115477471A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-12-16 | 江苏新嘉理生态环境材料股份有限公司 | Sand blasting effect glaze prepared from waste ceramic particles, preparation method and glazing method thereof |
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| CN115611515B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-12-15 | 福建省德化县百得隆陶瓷有限责任公司 | Matte glaze and method for preparing matte ceramic product by using same |
| CN115594402B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-03-31 | 箭牌家居集团股份有限公司 | Sanitary ceramic glaze, preparation method thereof and sanitary ceramic product |
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