CN111875415B - Method for manufacturing soft glazed ceramic chip - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing soft glazed ceramic chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN111875415B CN111875415B CN202010800011.3A CN202010800011A CN111875415B CN 111875415 B CN111875415 B CN 111875415B CN 202010800011 A CN202010800011 A CN 202010800011A CN 111875415 B CN111875415 B CN 111875415B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010494 opalescence Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
- C03C2204/04—Opaque glass, glaze or enamel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2205/00—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes
- C03C2205/02—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes for opaque enamels or glazes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic chip and a preparation method thereof, comprising the steps of base glaze spraying of a biscuit → soft glazed glaze spraying → printing → firing → edge grinding → finished product, wherein the firing process is easy to control, the production cost is low, and the product quality is good through the raw material selection of the glaze, the frit content adjustment and the selection optimization of the frit formula. The soft glaze of the invention adopts the frit in a proportion of 71-90%, reduces the possibility of dirt suction caused by pinholes on the glaze, and ensures the uniformity of the glaze. The zirconium silicate has stable chemical properties, and has the functions of whitening, increasing the opalescence of the glaze, improving the bonding property of the blank glaze and improving the hardness of the ceramic glaze in the glaze; the calcined kaolin acts in the glaze to improve the content of aluminum oxide, and the aluminum oxide can improve the stability and the sintering strength of the glaze. The gloss of the soft glaze is 15-35 degrees after being fired, the glaze surface is smooth and moderate in brightness, and the requirements of consumers are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ceramic building decoration materials, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a soft glazed ceramic chip.
Background
The ceramic chip is a kind of ceramic tile, and has many names such as inner wall tile and glazed tile. The traditional glazed tile is generally classified according to gloss by the limitation of the type of the formula of the overglaze, and the glazed tile has two gloss effects of bright gloss and matt gloss, wherein the gloss of the bright glazed tile is between 90 and 98 degrees, and the gloss of the matt glazed tile is between 10 and 30 degrees. The ceramic chip bright products currently occupy the mainstream in the market, but the soft glazed products are slowly popular with consumers because of smoothness and no brightness. Compared with polished tiles, the soft glazed tile has the advantages that the soft glazed tile can enable light irradiated on the surface of the soft glazed tile to generate a scattering effect, the light reflection rate of the product is reduced, and the product is softer in texture and fine and smooth in light sensation.
At present, there are several methods for manufacturing soft glaze ceramic tiles: 1. the glaze is prepared with frit in 50-60 wt%, added zirconium silicate, calcined talc, alumina, kaolin, etc. and through ball milling. Patent CN107344814B discloses a soft light tile overglaze and soft light tile, the soft light tile overglaze comprises, by weight: 50-60 parts of clinker, 8-20 parts of kaolin, 20-35 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-20 parts of wollastonite, 2-5 parts of dolomite, 8-15 parts of zirconia, 1-5 parts of zinc oxide and 40-60 parts of water. The frit proportion of the soft light brick overglaze is less than half, the main defects are that the production is difficult to control, raw materials are more in proportion, pinholes are easy to appear to cause dirt absorption, meanwhile, the firing temperature is difficult to control, and sometimes, the gloss is slightly bright and sometimes the matt is slightly matt. 2. The frit glaze is prepared by adding kaolin into a full frit glaze with the frit content of more than 95%, and performing ball milling to obtain the glaze; the frit of the full frit glaze is calcined at high temperature, the production control is better than that of the semi-raw glaze, but all the frits are calcined, so the cost is greatly increased. 3. The soft glaze surface is obtained by soft polishing, and polishing procedures are added, so that the polishing cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing manufacturing method of the soft glazed ceramic chip, the invention aims to provide the manufacturing method of the soft glazed ceramic chip, which comprises the steps of biscuit base glaze pouring → soft glazed glaze pouring → printing → firing → edging → finished product, and has the advantages of low production cost, easy process control and good product quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for manufacturing soft glazed ceramic tiles comprises the following steps:
s1, spraying base glaze on a biscuit;
s2, applying soft surface glaze, namely uniformly applying the glaze to the ground glaze, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.7-2.0 g/m during glaze pouring 3 The glaze amount is 400-800 g/m 2 (ii) a The soft surface glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 71 to 90 percent of fusion cake, 2 to 15 percent of zirconium silicate, 0 to 5 percent of calcined kaolin, 4 to 8 percent of air knife soil, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of methyl cellulose and 0.2 to 0.6 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate;
s3, printing;
s4, sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1050-1200 ℃, the sintering period is 40-60 minutes, and the glossiness is 15-35 degrees after sintering;
s5, edging to prepare a finished product;
the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 14 percent of calcite, 12 to 18 percent of barium carbonate, 32 to 40 percent of potassium feldspar, 4.5 to 7 percent of zinc oxide, 12 to 17 percent of kaolin, 4 to 7 percent of calcium borate, 1 to 3 percent of soda ash and 9 to 11 percent of quartz sand; preparing the frit: weighing raw materials, mixing the raw materials, adding the mixture into a frit furnace, calcining and melting at 1400-1600 ℃, flowing out of the frit furnace, and performing water quenching to prepare the material.
The soft glaze adopts 71-90% of frits, volatile substances are removed by calcining all mineral raw materials at high temperature by the frits, and the mineral raw materials, flux raw materials and water-soluble raw materials are made into the frits, so that the stability of the raw materials is improved, the volatile substances are eliminated, and the possibility of pollution absorption caused by pinholes of the glaze is reduced; the mixture is melted into glass state together, and the uniformity is ensured. The zirconium silicate has stable chemical performance, and has the functions of whitening, increasing the emulsion of glaze, improving the bonding performance of blank glaze and improving the hardness of ceramic glaze in the glaze; the calcined kaolin is kaolin which is calcined at 1300 ℃ and has water and volatile components removed, the calcined kaolin has the effect of improving the content of aluminum oxide in the glaze, and the aluminum oxide can improve the stability and the sintering strength of the glaze. The zirconium silicate and the calcined kaolin are added to facilitate on-line adjustment of the glaze in the later period, and the adding amount of the zirconium silicate and the calcined kaolin can adjust the whiteness, the firing temperature, the binding performance of the blank glaze, the thermal stability and the glossiness of the fired product. The glaze also contains 4-8% of air-knife soil which is processed kaolin and mainly plays a role in improving the suspension property and viscosity of the glaze. The gloss of the soft glaze is 15-35 degrees after being fired, the glaze surface is smooth and moderate in brightness, and the requirements of consumers are met. The soft glaze of the invention has the advantages of easy control of the firing process, low production cost and good product quality by adjusting the content of the frit and optimizing the formula of the frit.
In the present invention, preferably, zirconium silicate itself has been calcined during its production synthesis and is subjected to rinsing purification for removing titanium, iron impurities, etc.
In the present invention, preferably, the soft overglaze has a chemical composition of: siO 2 2 44 to 51 percent of Al 2 O 3 11 to 15 percent of MgO, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of CaO, 6.4 to 8 percent of Na 2 0.8 to 2.4 percent of O and K 2 O is 3.4 to 4.2 percent, zrO 2 1.0 to 10 percent of BaO, 8.4 to 14.3 percent of BaO and B 2 O 3 1.6 to 3.2 percent of ZnO, 4.2 to 6.2 percent of ZnO and 1.0 to 1.6 percent of ignition loss.
In the present invention, preferably, the frit has a chemical composition of: siO 2 2 45 to 53 percent of Al 2 O 3 9 to 14 percent of MgO, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of CaO, 7 to 10.5 percent of Na 2 O is 1.0 to 3.0 percent and K 2 3.5 to 5 percent of O, 10 to 16 percent of BaO, 5.0 to 8.0 percent of ZnO, B 2 O 3 2.0 to 4.0 percent of TiO 2 0.0 to 0.3 percent of Fe 2 O 3 0.0 to 0.3 percent.
In the present invention, preferably, the preparation method of the soft overglaze is: the raw materials are uniformly mixed, then water is added for ball milling for 8-12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, the glaze slurry is sieved and ball milled to obtain glaze, the glaze is sieved by a sieve with 80-120 meshes, and then the glaze is aged for 12-48 hours for later use. Specifically, the adding amount of the water is 38-40% of the weight of the raw material dry material, and the glaze slip sieving and ball milling process comprises the following steps: the glaze slip is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes firstly and then sieved by a sieve of 300 to 350 meshes, the residue is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.6 percent, and further ball milling is carried out according to the final residue. The ball milling time is prolonged when the surplus sieve is large, and the ball milling time is shortened when the surplus sieve is small.
In the invention, preferably, the specific gravity of the glaze in the glaze pouring of S2 is 1.7-2.0 g/m 3 The flow rate is 35-40 seconds, and the glaze amount is 400-800 g/m 2 . The specification of the soft glaze pouring glaze enables the glaze to be evenly spread, and the glaze surface is flat and smooth after firing and is evenly distributed with consistent thickness.
The invention also aims to provide a ceramic chip manufactured by the method for manufacturing the soft glazed ceramic chip and a related product containing the ceramic chip.
Specifically, the method for manufacturing the soft glazed ceramic chip comprises the following steps:
a. the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 14 percent of calcite, 12 to 18 percent of barium carbonate, 32 to 40 percent of potassium feldspar, 4.5 to 7 percent of zinc oxide, 12 to 17 percent of kaolin, 4 to 7 percent of calcium borate, 1 to 3 percent of soda ash and 9 to 11 percent of quartz sand. The raw materials are mixed, added into a frit furnace, calcined and melted at 1400-1600 ℃, and then flow out of the frit furnace to be quenched into frit particles for later use.
b. Weighing 71-90% of frit, 2-15% of zirconium silicate, 0-5% of calcined kaolin, 4-8% of air knife soil, 39% of water, 0.1-0.4% of methylcellulose and 0.2-0.6% of sodium tripolyphosphate according to the weight of dry materials, and carrying out ball milling for 8-12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the glaze slurry firstly passes through 80-120 meshes of sieve, then the rest of the sieve is measured by a 325-mesh sieve and is controlled to be 0.1-0.6%, the ball milling time is properly adjusted according to the condition of the rest of the 325-mesh sieve, the ball milling time is increased when the rest of the sieve is large, and the ball milling time is reduced when the rest of the sieve is large. After the surplus is qualified, the glaze is discharged out of the ball and is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, and the glaze is aged for 12 to 48 hours for later use.
c. After applying the ground coat to the biscuit, spraying or spraying soft surface glaze, and uniformly applying the glaze to the ground coat, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.7-2.0 g/m during glaze spraying 3 The flow rate is 35-40 seconds, and the glaze amount is 400-800 g/m 2 。
d. The green brick with the soft glaze is printed to be fired at 1050-1200 ℃ for 40-60 minutes to obtain the soft glaze tile.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the manufacturing method of the soft glaze ceramic chip comprises the steps of biscuit base glaze spraying → soft glaze spraying → printing → firing → edge grinding → finished product, and through the raw material selection of glaze, frit content adjustment and frit formula selection optimization, the firing process is easy to control, the production cost is low, and the product quality is good. The soft glaze of the invention adopts 71-90% of frits, reduces the possibility of dirt suction caused by pinholes on the glaze and ensures the uniformity. The zirconium silicate has stable chemical properties, and has the functions of whitening, increasing the opalescence of the glaze, improving the bonding property of the blank glaze and improving the hardness of the ceramic glaze in the glaze; the calcined kaolin acts in the glaze to improve the content of aluminum oxide, and the aluminum oxide can improve the stability and the sintering strength of the glaze. The gloss of the soft glaze is 15-35 degrees after being fired, the glaze surface is smooth and moderate in brightness, and the requirements of consumers are met.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
The starting materials used in the following examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
preparing a soft glazed ceramic chip:
a. the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: calcite: 12 percent of barium carbonate, 15 percent of potassium feldspar, 36 percent of zinc oxide, 15 percent of kaolin, 4 percent of calcium borate, 2 percent of soda ash and 10 percent of quartz sand. The raw materials are mixed, added into a frit furnace, calcined and melted at 1540 ℃, and then flow out of the frit furnace to be water-quenched into frit particles for later use.
The frit comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 50.9% of Al 2 O 3 11.4% of MgO, 0.35% of MgO, 8.9% of CaO and Na 2 O is 1.5%, K 2 4.5% of O, 13.45% of BaO, 6.5% of ZnO, and B 2 O 3 2.2% of TiO 2 0.1% of Fe 2 O 3 Is 0.2%.
b. 71 percent of fusion cake, 15 percent of zirconium silicate, 5 percent of calcined kaolin, 8 percent of air-knife soil, 0.4 percent of methyl cellulose, 0.6 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate and 39 percent of water by weight of dry materials are weighed according to the raw materials of the soft glaze, the ball milling is carried out for 8 to 12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, the glaze slurry is firstly sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, the sieved residue is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.6 percent by a sieve of 325 meshes, the ball milling time is properly adjusted according to the condition of the sieved residue of the 325 meshes, the ball milling time is increased when the sieved residue is large, and the ball milling time is reduced when the sieved residue is small. After the surplus is qualified, the glaze is discharged out of the ball and is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, and the glaze is aged for 12 to 48 hours for later use.
The soft glaze comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 48.2% of Al 2 O 3 13.5% of MgO, 0.20% of MgO, 6.4% of CaO, na 2 O is 1.1%, K 2 O is 3.4%, zrO 2 9.8% of BaO, 9.5% of ZnO, 4.7% of B 2 O 3 1.6% and 1.6% scorch.
c. After applying the ground glaze to the biscuit, spraying or spraying soft surface glaze, and uniformly applying the glaze to the ground glaze, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.7g/m during glaze spraying 3 Flow rate of 40 seconds and glaze amount of 800g/m 2 。
d. Printing the green brick with the soft glazed glaze until the green brick is fired, wherein the firing temperature is 1050 ℃ and the firing period is 60 minutes, so as to obtain the soft glazed brick; and (5) edging and preparing a finished product.
The prepared soft glazed ceramic chip has the gloss of 15 degrees, and the glaze is smooth and moderate in brightness.
Example 2:
preparing soft glazed ceramic chips:
a. the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: calcite: 10 percent of barium carbonate, 18 percent of potassium feldspar, 36 percent of potassium feldspar, 5 percent of zinc oxide, 15 percent of kaolin, 4 percent of calcium borate, 2 percent of soda ash and 10 percent of quartz sand. The raw materials are mixed, added into a frit furnace, calcined and melted at 1600 ℃, and then flow out of the frit furnace to be water-quenched into frit particles for later use.
The frit comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 50.55% of Al 2 O 3 11.5% of MgO, 0.35% of MgO, 7.0% of CaO, na 2 O is 1.5%, K 2 4.5% of O, 16% of BaO, 6.0% of ZnO, B 2 O 3 2.3% of TiO 2 0.1% of Fe 2 O 3 Is 0.2%.
b. 89.4 percent of fusion cake, 2 percent of zirconium silicate, 4 percent of calcined kaolin, 4 percent of air knife soil, 0.4 percent of methyl cellulose, 0.2 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate and 39 percent of water by weight of dry materials are weighed according to the raw materials of the soft glaze, the ball milling is carried out for 8 to 12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, the glaze slurry is firstly sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, then the sieved residue is sieved by a sieve of 325 meshes to be controlled to be 0.1 to 0.6 percent, the ball milling time is properly adjusted according to the condition of the residual of the final sieve of 325 meshes, the ball milling time is increased when the residual of the sieve is large, and the ball milling time is reduced when the residual of the sieve is small. After the surplus is qualified, the glaze is discharged out of the ball and is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, and the glaze is aged for 12 to 48 hours for later use.
The soft glaze comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 50% of Al 2 O 3 13% of MgO, 0.32% of MgO, 6.4% of CaO and Na 2 O is 1.4%, K 2 O is 4.2%, zrO 2 1.3% of BaO, 14.38% of BaO, B 2 O 3 2.1% and ZnO 5.4%, and a scorch time of 1.5%.
c. After applying the ground glaze to the biscuit, spraying or spraying soft surface glaze, and uniformly applying the glaze to the ground glaze, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 2.0g/m during glaze spraying 3 Flow rate of 40 seconds and glaze amount of 400g/m 2 。
d. Printing the green brick with the soft glazed glaze until the green brick is fired, wherein the firing temperature is 1200 ℃, and the firing period is 40 minutes to obtain the soft glazed brick; and (5) edging and preparing a finished product.
The prepared soft glazed ceramic chip has 35 degree of glossiness, smooth glaze and moderate brightness.
Example 3:
preparing a soft glazed ceramic chip:
a. the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: calcite: 14% of barium carbonate, 12% of potassium feldspar, 40% of zinc oxide, 12% of kaolin, 4% of calcium borate, 1% of soda ash and 10% of quartz sand. The raw materials are mixed, added into a frit furnace, calcined and melted at 1500 ℃, and then flow out of the frit furnace to be water-quenched into frit particles for later use.
The frit comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 52.25% of Al 2 O 3 10% of MgO is0.35 percent of CaO, 10.5 percent of CaO and Na 2 O is 1.0%, K 2 5.0% of O, 10.5% of BaO, 7.7% of ZnO, B 2 O 3 2.3% of TiO 2 0.1% of Fe 2 O 3 Is 0.3%.
b. Weighing 79.45% of frit, 12% of zirconium silicate, 8% of air knife soil, 0.2% of methyl cellulose, 0.35% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 39% of water by weight of dry materials according to the soft glaze raw materials, carrying out ball milling for 8-12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, sieving the glaze slurry by 80-120 meshes, controlling the screen residue to be 0.1-0.6% by using 325 meshes, properly adjusting the ball milling time according to the condition of the final 325 meshes, increasing the ball milling time when the screen residue is large, and reducing the ball milling time when the screen residue is small. After the surplus is qualified, the glaze is discharged out of the ball and passes through a 80-120 mesh sieve to be aged for 12-48 hours for later use.
The soft glaze comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 49.4% of Al 2 O 3 11% of MgO, 0.3% of MgO, 8.4% of CaO, na 2 O is 0.8%, K 2 O is 4.2%, zrO 2 8.7% of BaO, 8.4% of BaO, 7.2% of ZnO and 1.6% of scorch.
c. After applying the ground glaze to the biscuit, spraying or spraying soft surface glaze, and uniformly applying the glaze to the ground glaze, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.84g/m during glaze spraying 3 Flow rate of 40 seconds, glaze amount of 600g/m 2 。
d. Printing the adobe with the soft glaze surface to firing at 1100 ℃ for 50 minutes to obtain the soft glaze surface brick; and (5) edging and preparing a finished product.
The prepared soft glazed ceramic chip has the glossiness of 20 degrees, and the glaze is smooth and moderate in brightness.
Example 4:
preparing soft glazed ceramic chips:
a. the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: calcite: 12% of barium carbonate, 14% of potassium feldspar, 32% of potassium feldspar, 6% of zinc oxide, 17% of kaolin, 7% of calcium borate, 3% of soda ash and 9% of quartz sand. The raw materials are mixed, added into a frit furnace, calcined and melted at 1500 ℃, and then flow out of the frit furnace to be water-quenched into frit particles for later use.
The frit comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 45% of Al 2 O 3 14% of MgO, 0.35% of CaO, 10% of Na 2 O is 3% and K 2 3.5% of O, 13.3% of BaO, 6.5% of ZnO, B 2 O 3 4% of TiO 2 0.1% of Fe 2 O 3 Is 0.25%.
b. Weighing 79.45% of frit, 10% of zirconium silicate, 3% of calcined kaolin, 7.0% of air-knife soil, 0.15% of methyl cellulose, 0.4% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 39% of water by weight of dry materials according to the soft glaze raw materials, and carrying out ball milling for 8-12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the glaze slurry is firstly sieved by a 80-120-mesh sieve, then sieved residues are controlled to be 0.1-0.6% by a 325-mesh sieve, and according to the final condition of the sieved residues of the 325-mesh sieve, the ball milling time is properly adjusted, the ball milling time is prolonged when the sieved residues are large, and the ball milling time is shortened when the sieved residues are small. After the surplus is qualified, the glaze is discharged out of the ball and is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, and the glaze is aged for 12 to 48 hours for later use.
The soft glaze comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 45.9% of Al 2 O 3 15.8% of MgO, 0.3% of MgO, 8.7% of CaO, na 2 O is 2.9%, K 2 3.9% of O, 11.3% of BaO, 5.8% of ZnO, B 2 O 3 3.8% of TiO 2 0.1% of Fe 2 O 3 0.2% and 1.3% reduced by ignition.
c. After applying the ground glaze to the biscuit, spraying or spraying soft surface glaze, and uniformly applying the glaze to the ground glaze, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.9g/m during glaze spraying 3 Flow rate of 35 seconds and glaze amount of 700g/m 2 。
d. Printing the green brick with the soft glaze to be sintered at 1150 ℃ for 52 minutes to obtain the soft glaze; and (5) edging and preparing a finished product.
The prepared soft glazed ceramic chip has the glossiness of 25 degrees, and the glaze is smooth and moderate in brightness.
Example 5:
preparing soft glazed ceramic chips:
a. the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: the raw materials comprise 11% of calcite, 16.5% of barium carbonate, 36% of potassium feldspar, 4.5% of zinc oxide, 14% of kaolin, 5% of calcium borate, 2% of soda ash and 11% of quartz sand. The raw materials are mixed, added into a frit furnace, calcined and melted at 1600 ℃, and then flow out of the frit furnace to be water-quenched into frit particles for later use.
The frit comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 53% of Al 2 O 3 10.4% of MgO, 0.2% of CaO, 8.2% of Na 2 O is 1.4%, K 2 4.4% of O, 14.3% of BaO, 5.1% of ZnO, and B 2 O 3 2.7% of TiO 2 0.1% of Fe 2 O 3 Is 0.2%.
b. Weighing 82.5% of frit, 8% of zirconium silicate, 3% of calcined kaolin, 6% of air knife soil, 0.1% of methyl cellulose, 0.4% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 39% of water by weight of dry materials according to the weight of the soft glaze raw materials, carrying out ball milling for 8-12 hours to obtain glaze slurry, firstly sieving the glaze slurry through 80-120 meshes, then sieving through 325 meshes to control the screen residue to be 0.1-0.6%, and properly adjusting the ball milling time according to the final condition of the 325 meshes when the screen residue is large, increasing the ball milling time when the screen residue is small, and reducing the ball milling time when the screen residue is small. After the surplus is qualified, the glaze is discharged out of the ball and is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes, and the glaze is aged for 12 to 48 hours for later use.
The soft glaze comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 51.7% of Al 2 O 3 12.6% of MgO, 6.9% of CaO and Na 2 O is 1.4%, K 2 O is 3.9%, zrO 2 5.8%, baO 11.9%, znO 4.6%, and a burn-off of 1.0%.
c. After applying the ground coat to the biscuit, spraying or spraying soft surface glaze, and uniformly applying the glaze to the ground coat, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.8g/m during glaze spraying 3 Flow rate of 38 seconds, glaze amount of 650g/m 2 。
d. Printing the green brick with the soft glazed glaze until the green brick is fired, wherein the firing temperature is 1100 ℃, and the firing period is 55 minutes, so as to obtain the soft glazed brick; and (5) edging and preparing a finished product.
The prepared soft glazed ceramic chip has the glossiness of 30 degrees, and the glaze is smooth and moderate in brightness.
Antifouling Property test
The soft glazed ceramic tiles prepared in examples 1-5 above were tested for anti-fouling performance, and standard easily traceable contaminants were applied to the tile surface and then wiped off with a wet cloth or wet paper towel to see if any macroscopic traces were present. The test results are shown in table 1 below:
(1) Respectively carrying out scratch test on the surfaces of the soft glaze ceramic chips by adopting a blue black red oily pen;
(2) Carrying out smearing test on the soft glazed ceramic chip by adopting blue and red water-based ink;
(3) The mixture of cement and black ink in the mass ratio of 1 is smeared on the brick surface for testing;
(4) And (5) performing rubber hammer printing test.
TABLE 1 antifouling Property test results
In conclusion, the soft glaze of the invention adopts 71-90% of frits, the amount of the frits is more than that of the half-raw glaze, thereby reducing the possibility of dirt absorption caused by pinholes on the glaze, optimizing the selection of the raw materials of the frits, and optimizing the preparation and firing processes of the glaze by matching with the raw materials of zirconium silicate, calcined kaolin, air knife soil and the like, so that the firing process is easy to control, the production cost is low, and the product quality is good. The gloss of the soft glaze is 15-35 degrees after firing, the glaze is smooth and moderate in brightness, and the requirements of expanded consumers are met.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art based upon the disclosure and teachings of the above specification. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic chip is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, spraying base glaze on a biscuit;
s2, applying soft surface glaze, namely uniformly applying the glaze to the ground glaze, wherein the specific gravity of the glaze is 1.7-2.0 g/m during glaze pouring 3 The glaze amount is 400-800 g/m 2 ；
The soft surface glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 71 to 90 percent of fusion cake, 2 to 15 percent of zirconium silicate, 0 to 5 percent of calcined kaolin, 4 to 8 percent of air knife soil, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of methyl cellulose and 0.2 to 0.6 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate;
s3, printing;
s4, sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1050-1200 ℃, the sintering period is 40-60 minutes, and the glossiness is 15-35 degrees after sintering;
s5, edging to prepare a finished product;
s2, the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 14 percent of calcite, 12 to 18 percent of barium carbonate, 32 to 40 percent of potassium feldspar, 4.5 to 7 percent of zinc oxide, 12 to 17 percent of kaolin, 4 to 7 percent of calcium borate, 1 to 3 percent of soda ash and 9 to 11 percent of quartz sand;
preparing the frit: weighing raw materials, mixing the raw materials, adding the mixed raw materials into a frit furnace, calcining and melting at 1400-1600 ℃, and then flowing out and performing water quenching to prepare the material;
the frit comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 45 to 53 percent of Al 2 O 3 9 to 14 percent of MgO, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of CaO, 7 to 10.5 percent of Na 2 O is 1.0 to 3.0 percent and K 2 3.5 to 5 percent of O, 10 to 16 percent of BaO, 5.0 to 8.0 percent of ZnO, B 2 O 3 2.0 to 4.0 percent of TiO 2 0.0 to 0.3 percent of Fe 2 O 3 0.0 to 0.3 percent.
2. The method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the soft glazed ceramic tile comprises the following chemical components: siO 2 2 44 to 51 percent of Al 2 O 3 11 to 15 percent of MgO, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of MgO, 6.4 to 8 percent of CaO, na 2 0.8 to 2.4 percent of O and K 2 O is 3.4 to 4.2 percent, zrO 2 1.0 to 10 percent of BaO, 8.4 to 14.3 percent of BaO and B 2 O 3 1.6 to 3.2 percent of ZnO, 4.2 to 6.2 percent of ZnO and 1.0 to 1.6 percent of ignition loss.
3. The method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the zirconium silicate is calcined and rinsed to remove impurities such as titanium and iron.
4. The method for making a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the calcined kaolin clay of S2 is calcined at 1300 ℃ to remove water and volatile components from the kaolin clay.
5. The method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the soft glazed ceramic tile comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed evenly, water is added for ball milling for 8-12 hours to obtain glaze slip, the glaze slip is sieved and ball milled to obtain glaze, the glaze passes through a sieve of 80-120 meshes, and then the glaze is aged for 12-48 hours for standby.
6. The method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 5, wherein the amount of water added is 38-40% of the weight of the dry raw materials.
7. The method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 5, wherein the process of sieving and ball milling the glaze slip comprises the following steps: the glaze slip is sieved by a sieve of 80 to 120 meshes firstly and then sieved by a sieve of 300 to 350 meshes, the residue is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.6 percent, and further ball milling is carried out according to the final residue.
8. The method for manufacturing a soft glazed ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the glaze specific gravity of S2 is 1.7-2.0 g/m 3 The flow rate is 35-40 seconds, and the glaze amount is 400-800 g/m 2 。
9. A method of manufacturing glazed ceramic tiles according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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