CN113508657B - Wheat layered variable fertilizing device and method based on prescription chart - Google Patents
Wheat layered variable fertilizing device and method based on prescription chart Download PDFInfo
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- CN113508657B CN113508657B CN202110929861.8A CN202110929861A CN113508657B CN 113508657 B CN113508657 B CN 113508657B CN 202110929861 A CN202110929861 A CN 202110929861A CN 113508657 B CN113508657 B CN 113508657B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheat variable layered fertilization device and a method based on a prescription chart, and the device comprises a main frame, a speed reducer, a rotary tillage device, a shallow fertilizer fertilization device, a deep fertilizer fertilization device and a control system; the shallow fertilizer applying device comprises a shallow fertilizer box, a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft, a shallow fertilizer discharging motor and a plurality of shallow fertilizer applying monomers; the shallow fertilizer applying unit comprises a shallow fertilizer applying box, a shallow fertilizer applying groove and a shallow fertilizer applying box drawing plate; the deep fertilizer application device comprises a deep fertilizer box, a deep fertilizer wheel shaft, a deep fertilizer discharging motor and a plurality of deep fertilizer application units; the deep fertilizer applying unit comprises a deep fertilizer applying box, a connecting pipe, a deep loosening and applying shovel, an upper seat board of the applying shovel and a lower seat board of the applying shovel. The fertilizer is applied into the shallow layer, the middle layer and the deep layer according to the proportion, and the fertilizing amount can be controlled according to the fertilizing prescription information of the operation land, the position information and the speed information of the machine tool, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the waste is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wheat layered variable fertilizing device and method based on a formula diagram, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
At present, the mechanized operation of the Huang-Huai-Hai-Mai-Yu double-cropping area in China is basically realized, and the modern operation machinery guarantees grain production and assists national grain safety. In the wheat production process, the fertilization is the top of the priority, and current wheat fertilization machine intelligent degree is lower, can't accomplish accurate variable fertilization, causes the waste of fertilizer easily, causes very big influence to the soil environment. Meanwhile, most of the existing fertilization methods are mixed sowing of seeds and fertilizers on the same layer, the problems of insufficient fertilization, seed burning, less fertilization and poor growth vigor exist, and the demand of wheat on fertilizers in different growth periods cannot be solved.
In recent years, layered fertilization technologies and variable fertilization technologies are gradually increased, and the problems of uneven fertilization, low fertilizer utilization rate, environmental pollution and quality reduction of agricultural products in the fertilization and seeding operation process can be solved to a certain extent.
In order to solve the problem that the fertilization method cannot meet the growth requirement of wheat, the Chinese patent application (application number: 201810404308.0) discloses a proportional separation layered fertilization device which comprises a rack, a rotary barrel, a fertilizer distributor and a collecting pipe. The device controls the fertilizer proportion of different layers through the proportion size of fertilizer collecting hole in the rotatory bucket of control, but the structure is complicated, arranges fertile device and is provided with three fertilization pipes, does not consider the soil problem of falling back simultaneously, can realize the proportion separation but can't effectively apply fertilizer deeply the underground, is not suitable for wheat fertilizing and seeding all-in-one.
In order to solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate, the Chinese patent application (application number: 202011215898.6) discloses a variable fertilizing device, which completes variable fertilizing operation according to fertilizing depth and soil conductivity, but a soil conductivity sensor is arranged behind a machine, soil conductivity information is collected in the fertilizing operation of the machine, and meanwhile, a target fertilizing amount is calculated, so that certain hysteresis exists, the fertilizing amount of each section cannot be accurately controlled, and the variable fertilizing device cannot be effectively popularized and applied.
In summary, a wheat layered variable fertilization device is needed to realize the one-time fertilizer application into the ground in proportion in the wheat seeding operation, control the fertilization amount, improve the fertilizer utilization rate and reduce the waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a wheat layered variable fertilization device and method based on a formula diagram, which combines a layered fertilization technology with a variable fertilization technology, can realize the proportional application of fertilizers into three layers, namely shallow, medium and deep layers, and can control the fertilization amount according to the formula diagram information of the fertilization of an operation land, the position information and the speed information of machines and tools, so as to improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and reduce waste.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a wheat layered variable fertilization device based on a prescription chart comprises a main frame, a speed reducer 9, a rotary tillage device, a shallow fertilizer fertilization device, a deep fertilizer fertilization device and a control system.
The main frame comprises an upper suspension 12, an upper suspension support plate 13, a lower suspension 4, a front support beam 5, a main support beam 38, a rear support beam 39, longitudinal beams 18 and side plates 19.
The front supporting cross beam 5, the main supporting cross beam 38 and the rear supporting cross beam 39 are horizontally and fixedly connected between the two longitudinal beams 18 from front to back in sequence; two side plates 19 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer end faces of the longitudinal beams 18; the two lower suspensions 4 are fixedly connected to the front supporting beam 5, the upper suspension supporting plate 13 is of a bilateral symmetry structure and is fixedly connected to the front supporting beam 5 and the main supporting beam 38, and the upper suspension 12 is fixedly connected to the upper suspension supporting plate 13.
The speed reducer 9 is positioned below the upper suspension support plate 13 and fixedly connected to the front support beam 5 and the main support beam 38.
The shallow fertilizer applying device comprises a shallow fertilizer box 27, a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15, a shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and a plurality of shallow fertilizer applying monomers; the shallow fertilizer applying unit comprises a shallow fertilizer applying box 11, a shallow fertilizer applying groove 6 and a shallow fertilizer applying box drawing plate 14.
The deep fertilizer applying device comprises a deep fertilizer box 28, a deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30, a deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 and a plurality of deep fertilizer applying monomers; the deep fertilizer applying unit comprises a deep fertilizer applying box 33, a connecting pipe 34, a deep scarification fertilizing shovel 20, a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate 35 and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate 36.
The shallow fertilizer box 27 and the deep fertilizer box 28 are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 18 in parallel in the front-back direction.
The shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 is horizontally arranged on two side plates of the shallow fertilizer box 27 and is positioned in front of the front end surface of the shallow fertilizer box 27; the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 is fixedly connected to one side plate of the shallow fertilizer box 27, and a power output shaft of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 is fixedly connected with the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15; the front end face of the shallow fertilizer box 27 is provided with a plurality of fertilizer outlets corresponding to the shallow fertilizer single bodies one by one, and a plurality of shallow fertilizer boxes 11 are sequentially arranged on the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 and fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlets of the shallow fertilizer box 27; the drawing plate 14 of the shallow fertilizer box is slidably arranged in a chute between the shallow fertilizer box 11 and the fertilizer outlet of the shallow fertilizer box 27 and is used for opening or closing the fertilizer outlet of the shallow fertilizer box 27; the upper end of a shallow fertilizer application groove 6 which is arranged obliquely with a low front part and a high rear part is fixedly connected with a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of a shallow fertilizer box 11, and the lower end is fixedly connected with a front supporting beam 5.
The deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 is horizontally arranged on two side plates of the deep fertilizer box 28 and is positioned behind the rear end face of the deep fertilizer box 28; the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 is fixedly connected to one side plate of the deep fertilizer box 28, and a power output shaft of the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 is fixedly connected with a deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30; the rear end face of the deep fertilizer box 28 is provided with a plurality of fertilizer outlets corresponding to the deep fertilizer single bodies one by one, a plurality of deep fertilizer boxes 33 are respectively and sequentially arranged on the deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 through the fertilizer discharging groove core 29, and each deep fertilizer box 33 is fixedly connected with the corresponding fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28; the deep fertilizer apparatus pulling plate 31 is slidably disposed in a chute between the deep fertilizer apparatus box 33 and the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28, and is used for opening or closing the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28.
The subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20 is fixedly connected to a rear supporting beam 39 through a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate 35 and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate 36; two ends of the connecting pipe 34 are respectively communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28 and the fertilizer pipe 204 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20.
The subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20 comprises a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201, a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202, a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel tip 203 and a fertilizing tube 204.
The subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201 is fixedly connected to the rear supporting cross beam 39 through the fertilizing shovel upper seat plate 35 and the fertilizing shovel lower seat plate 36, the top end inclination angle of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is adjustably connected to the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201, and the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel tip 203 is detachably and fixedly connected to the bottom end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202.
The fertilizing tube 204 is divided into a vertical tube and an inclined tube from top to bottom, the vertical tube and the inclined tube are fixedly connected to the rear end faces of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201 and the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 respectively, and the vertical tube and the inclined tube are in flexible connection.
The inclined pipe is internally provided with a baffle 207 which divides the inclined pipe into a left part and a right part: a deep fertilizer application pipe 205 and a middle fertilizer application pipe 206; the horizontal height of the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer application pipe 205 is lower than that of the fertilizer outlet of the middle fertilizer application pipe 206.
The rotary tillage device is arranged below the front supporting beam 5 and the main supporting beam 38 and comprises a rotary tillage cutter shaft, a rotary tillage cutter holder 26, a left rotary tillage cutter 1 and a right rotary tillage cutter 3; two ends of the rotary tillage cutter shaft are respectively arranged on the two side plates 19 through bearing seats 21; the left rotary blade 1 and the right rotary blade 3 are fixedly connected to the rotary blade shaft through a rotary blade holder 26 and are arranged on the rotary blade shaft in a double helix manner.
The control system comprises a control box 37 and a positioning sensor 10; the control box 37 is fixedly connected to the main supporting beam 38 and the rear supporting beam 39, and an Android terminal and an STM32 main controller are arranged in the control box 37; the positioning sensor 10 is arranged on the speed reducer 9 and used for acquiring position information and speed information of the machine tool in real time and transmitting the position information and the speed information to the Android terminal in the control box 37; the Android terminal identifies fertilization parameter information according to a pre-input operation plot fertilization prescription and position information and speed information of machines and tools, the fertilization parameter information is sent to the STM32 main controller, and the STM32 main controller controls the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 according to the fertilization parameter information to complete variable fertilization operation.
The shovel tip angle alpha of the shovel tip 203 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel is 25-55 degrees; the soil-entering gap angle beta between the bottom surface of the shovel tip 203 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel and the horizontal plane is 5-14 degrees.
The horizontal height difference between the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer application pipe 205 and the fertilizer outlet of the middle fertilizer application pipe 206 is 5 cm; the cross section area ratio of the deep layer fertilizer application pipe 205 to the middle layer fertilizer application pipe 206 is 3: 4.
The front part of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes along the vertical direction, the rear part of the top end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is hinged with the rear part of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201, the front part of the top end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is matched with different positioning holes through positioning bolts, the inclination angle gamma of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is adjusted, and the angle range of the inclination angle gamma is 166-175 degrees.
The width d of the soil facing surface at the front end of the shovel handle 202 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel is 5mm, and the soil facing angle theta is 35-45 degrees.
The shallow fertilizer box 27 and the deep fertilizer box 28 are both provided with fertilizer cleaning openings 32, and residual fertilizer is discharged after the operation of the machine is finished; a wear-resisting plate 22 is arranged below the bearing seat 21; an upper protective plate 7 is arranged right above the rotary tillage device; the rear end of the upper guard plate 7 is hinged with a main supporting cross beam 38, and the front end is provided with a handle 8.
The rotary tillage cutter shaft is divided into a left rotary tillage cutter shaft 2 and a right rotary tillage cutter shaft 23; the left rotary tillage cutter shaft 2 and the right rotary tillage cutter shaft 23 are respectively connected with two power output shafts of the speed reducer 9 through a speed reducer spline housing 24; the front end face of the speed reducer 9 is fixedly connected with a supporting plough body 25.
The ditching depth of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20 is 20 cm; the rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage device is 10 cm.
The layered variable fertilization device based on the formula map is used for applying a shallow fertilizer, a middle fertilizer and a deep fertilizer to the ground by 0-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm respectively according to the mass ratio of 3:3: 4.
A fertilizing method using the wheat layered variable fertilizing device comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining fertilization parameter information
The tractor pulls the layered variable fertilizing device to advance in the operation area for operation; firstly, inputting fertilization information of a plot prescription of an operation plot into an Android terminal; the positioning sensor 10 acquires position information and speed information of the machine tool in real time and transmits the position information and the speed information to an Android terminal in the control box 37; judging a fertilization parameter corresponding to the position of the implement in the operation plot by the Android terminal, forming a fertilization parameter signal and transmitting the fertilization parameter signal to the STM32 main controller; analyzing the fertilizing amount information and calculating the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 by the STM32 main controller, converting digital signals into analog control signals and transmitting the analog control signals to the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 so as to control the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17;
s2 fertilizing shallow fertilizer
The shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 drives the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 to rotate, so as to drive each shallow fertilizer discharging unit to work, and the shallow fertilizer stored in the shallow fertilizer box 27 flows into the shallow fertilizer discharging groove 6 through the shallow fertilizer discharging box 11 and is finally scattered on the surface of the soil in front of the rotary tillage device; carrying out rotary tillage operation by the rotary tillage device, and fully mixing the shallow fertilizer and 0-10 cm of soil to finish the fertilizing operation of the shallow fertilizer;
s3 fertilizing middle-layer fertilizer and deep-layer fertilizer
A fertilizer ditch with the depth of 20cm is formed by the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20; the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 drives the deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 to rotate, drives each deep fertilizer discharging unit to work, and middle and deep fertilizers stored in the deep fertilizer box 28 flow into the fertilizing pipe 204 through the deep fertilizer discharging box 33 and the connecting pipe 34 and are respectively scattered in soil with 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm underground through the middle-layer fertilizer discharging pipe 206 and the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 205 to finish the middle-layer fertilizer discharging operation and the deep fertilizer discharging operation;
the fertilizing method comprises the step of respectively applying the shallow fertilizer, the middle-layer fertilizer and the deep fertilizer to the ground according to the mass ratio of 3:3: 4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention provides a wheat layered variable fertilizing device based on a prescription chart, which can be used with a wheat seeder, overcomes the weakness of the fertilizing link on a domestic wheat fertilizing and seeding operation integrated machine, and has important significance for the development of wheat fertilizing technology and the improvement of efficiency.
2) The invention integrates the layered fertilization technology and the variable fertilization technology, can realize the layered deep fertilization of the wheat fertilizer and the variable fertilization operation based on the prescription chart and the acquired longitude and latitude information, namely the machine tool operation position information and the unit advancing speed information, conforms to the trend of the intelligent development of agricultural machinery, reduces the manual operation link and saves the cost.
3) According to the invention, the shallow fertilizer is scattered on the ground surface, and the fertilizer and the soil are mixed by the rotary tillage device, so that the fertilizer is effectively uniformly distributed in the ground of 0-10 cm, and meanwhile, a good belt is manufactured, which is beneficial to the growth of seeds.
4) The front section of the deep scarification fertilization shovel designed by the invention adopts a conical design, the shovel tip is independently designed at the lower end, the soil entry angle alpha is designed to be 51-55 degrees, the soil entry clearance angle is designed to be 11-14 degrees, the strength of the shovel tip is effectively ensured, the ditching can be smoothly carried out, the soil disturbance can be reduced, and the problem that the base fertilizer cannot reach the fertilization depth due to the fact that the soil falls back in advance in the ditching process can be avoided.
5) The upper part of the fertilizing tube designed by the invention is designed to be vertical to the ground, the uncertain factors of the falling process of the fertilizer are reduced, the proportion of the fertilizer can be effectively separated by dividing the fertilizing tube below, the deep fertilizer is applied underground, and the problem that the fertilizing proportion is uncontrollable in the wheat fertilizing operation is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram I of a wheat layered variable fertilization device based on a formula diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram II of the wheat layered variable fertilizing device based on the prescription chart;
FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the construction of a subsoiling shovel 20 of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic view of the construction of the subsoiling shovel tip 203 of the present invention;
FIG. 3c is a partial cross-sectional view of a fertilization tube 204 of the present invention;
FIG. 3d is a transverse cross-sectional view of subsoiler 20 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rotary cultivator of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the speed reducer 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the control system of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1-left rotary blade 2-left rotary blade shaft
3-right rotary blade 4-lower suspension
5-front supporting beam 6-shallow fertilizer applying groove
7-upper guard plate 8-handle
9-decelerator 10-positioning sensor
11-shallow fertilizer box 12-upper suspension
13-upper suspension support plate 14-shallow fertilizer apparatus pull plate
15-shallow fertilizer wheel axle 16-shallow fertilizer discharging motor
17-deep fertilizer discharging motor 18-longitudinal beam
19-side plate 20-subsoiling fertilizing shovel
201-subsoiling fertilizing shovel support plate 202-subsoiling fertilizing shovel handle
203-deep scarification fertilizing shovel tip 204-fertilizing tube
205-deep fertilizer applying pipe 206-middle layer fertilizer applying pipe
207-spacer 21-bearing seat
22-wear plate 23-right rotary tillage cutter shaft
24-reducer spline housing 25-supporting plough body
26-rotary blade holder 27-shallow fertilizer box
28-deep fertilizer box 29-fertilizer discharging groove core
30-deep layer fertilizer wheel axle 31-deep layer fertilizer apparatus drawing plate
32-fertilizer-removing opening 33-deep layer fertilizer discharging box
34-connecting pipe 35-fertilizing shovel upper seat plate
36-fertilizing shovel lower seat board 37-control box
38-main supporting beam 39-rear supporting beam
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the wheat layered variable fertilizing device based on the prescription chart comprises a main frame, a speed reducer 9, a rotary tillage device, a shallow fertilizer fertilizing device, a deep fertilizer fertilizing device and a control system.
The main frame comprises an upper suspension 12, an upper suspension support plate 13, a lower suspension 4, a front support beam 5, a main support beam 38, a rear support beam 39, longitudinal beams 18 and side plates 19.
The front supporting cross beam 5, the main supporting cross beam 38 and the rear supporting cross beam 39 are horizontally and fixedly connected between the two longitudinal beams 18 from front to back in sequence; the two side plates 19 are respectively fixed to the outer end faces of the longitudinal beams 18. The two lower suspensions 4 are fixedly connected to the front supporting beam 5, the upper suspension supporting plate 13 is of a bilateral symmetry structure and is fixedly connected to the front supporting beam 5 and the main supporting beam 38 through bolts, and the upper suspension 12 is fixedly connected to the upper suspension supporting plate 13.
The speed reducer 9 is positioned below the upper suspension support plate 13 and fixedly connected to the front support beam 5 and the main support beam 38 through bolts.
The shallow fertilizer applying device comprises a shallow fertilizer box 27, a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15, a shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and a plurality of shallow fertilizer applying monomers. The shallow fertilizer applying unit comprises a shallow fertilizer applying box 11, a shallow fertilizer applying groove 6 and a shallow fertilizer applying box drawing plate 14.
The deep fertilizer application device comprises a deep fertilizer box 28, a deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30, a deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 and a plurality of deep fertilizer application units. The deep fertilizer applying unit comprises a deep fertilizer applying box 33, a connecting pipe 34, a deep scarification fertilizing shovel 20, a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate 35 and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate 36.
The shallow fertilizer box 27 and the deep fertilizer box 28 are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 18 in parallel in the front-back direction.
The shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 is horizontally arranged on two side plates of the shallow fertilizer box 27 and is positioned in front of the front end surface of the shallow fertilizer box 27; the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 is fixedly connected to one side plate of the shallow fertilizer box 27, and a power output shaft of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 is fixedly connected with the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15. The front end face of the shallow fertilizer box 27 is provided with a plurality of fertilizer outlets corresponding to the shallow fertilizer single bodies one by one, and a plurality of shallow fertilizer boxes 11 are sequentially arranged on the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 and are fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlets of the shallow fertilizer box 27 through bolts; the pulling plate 14 of the shallow fertilizer box is slidably arranged in a chute between the shallow fertilizer box 11 and the fertilizer outlet of the shallow fertilizer box 27, and is used for opening or closing the fertilizer outlet of the shallow fertilizer box 27. The upper end of a shallow fertilizer application groove 6 which is arranged obliquely with a low front part and a high rear part is fixedly connected with a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of a shallow fertilizer box 11, and the lower end is fixedly connected with a front supporting beam 5. The shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 drives the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 to rotate, fertilizer is discharged from the shallow fertilizer discharging box 11, and the fertilizer is scattered to the ground at the front end of the machine along the shallow fertilizer applying groove 6.
The deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 is horizontally arranged on two side plates of the deep fertilizer box 28 and is positioned behind the rear end face of the deep fertilizer box 28; the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 is fixedly connected to one side plate of the deep fertilizer box 28, and a power output shaft of the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 is fixedly connected with a deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30. The rear end face of the deep fertilizer box 28 is provided with a plurality of fertilizer outlets corresponding to the deep fertilizer single bodies one by one, a plurality of deep fertilizer boxes 33 are respectively and sequentially arranged on the deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 through the fertilizer discharging groove core 29, and each deep fertilizer box 33 is fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28 through bolts; the deep fertilizer apparatus pulling plate 31 is slidably disposed in a chute between the deep fertilizer apparatus box 33 and the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28, and is used for opening or closing the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28. The deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 is a regular hexagonal prism shaft, and is matched with the fertilizer discharging groove core 29 of the deep fertilizer discharging box 33 to provide power for the deep fertilizer discharging box 33.
The subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20 is fixedly connected to a rear supporting beam 39 through a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate 35 and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate 36; two ends of the connecting pipe 34 are respectively communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box 28 and the fertilizer pipe 204 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20.
The ditching depth of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20 is 20 cm.
As shown in fig. 3a to 3c, the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20 comprises a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel plate 201, a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202, a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel tip 203 and a fertilizing tube 204.
Subsoiling fertilization shovel extension board 201 is through fertilization shovel upper seat board 35 and fertilization shovel lower seat board 36 rigid coupling on back supporting beam 39, subsoiling fertilization shovel handle 202's top is connected on subsoiling fertilization shovel extension board 201 through bolt inclination is adjustable, subsoiling fertilization shovel point 203 detachably rigid coupling is in subsoiling fertilization shovel handle 202's bottom, through changing the piece of land of the shovel point of different configurations in order to adapt to different conditions.
As shown in fig. 3b, the shovel tip angle α of the shovel tip 203 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel is 25-55 °; preferably, the blade tip angle α is 52 °. The soil-entering gap angle beta between the bottom surface of the shovel tip 203 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel and the horizontal plane is 5-14 degrees, preferably 12 degrees, so that the situation that the base fertilizer cannot reach the fertilizing depth due to the fact that soil falls back in advance in the ditching process is avoided.
The fertilizing tube 204 is divided into a vertical tube and an inclined tube from top to bottom, the vertical tube and the inclined tube are fixedly connected to the rear end faces of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201 and the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 respectively, and the vertical tube and the inclined tube are in flexible connection.
As shown in fig. 3c and 3d, a partition 207 is provided in the inclined tube to divide the inclined tube into two parts: a deep fertilizer application pipe 205 and a middle fertilizer application pipe 206; the horizontal height difference between the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer application pipe 205 and the fertilizer outlet of the middle fertilizer application pipe 206 is 5 cm.
The cross section area ratio of the deep layer fertilizer application pipe 205 to the middle layer fertilizer application pipe 206 is 3: 4.
Preferably, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the front of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201 in the vertical direction, the rear of the top end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is hinged to the rear of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate 201, the front of the top end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is matched with different positioning holes through positioning bolts, the inclination angle γ of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle 202 is adjusted, and the angle range of the inclination angle γ is 166-175 °; preferably, the inclination angle γ is 168 °. The inclination angle of the shovel handle 202 of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel ensures the ditching effect, also ensures the fertilizer to fall smoothly, and prevents the fertilizing pipe from being blocked.
As shown in fig. 3d, the width d of the soil-facing surface at the front end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel shaft 202 is 5mm, the soil-facing angle theta is 35-45 degrees, preferably, the soil-facing angle theta is 40 degrees, so that the resistance in ditching operation is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
According to the agricultural requirement of deep application of wheat fertilizer, the wheat layered variable fertilizing device based on the formula map respectively applies the shallow fertilizer, the middle fertilizer and the deep fertilizer to the ground by 0-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm according to the mass ratio of 3:3: 4.
Preferably, the shallow fertilizer box 27 and the deep fertilizer box 28 are both provided with fertilizer cleaning openings 32, and residual fertilizer is discharged after the operation of the machine is finished.
As shown in fig. 4, the rotary tillage device is arranged below the front supporting beam 5 and the main supporting beam 38, and the rotary tillage device comprises a rotary blade shaft, a rotary blade holder 26, a left rotary blade 1 and a right rotary blade 3; two ends of the rotary tillage cutter shaft are respectively arranged on two side plates 19 through bearing seats 21. The left rotary blade 1 and the right rotary blade 3 are fixedly connected to the rotary blade shaft through a rotary blade holder 26 and are arranged on the rotary blade shaft in a double helix manner. And a wear-resisting plate 22 is arranged below the bearing seat 21 to ensure the connection strength.
An upper protection plate 7 is arranged right above the rotary tillage device and used for blocking soil stirred by the rotary tillage device when the rotary tillage device works and reducing soil raising and flying dust; the rear end of the upper guard plate 7 is hinged to the main supporting cross beam 38, the handle 8 is arranged at the front end of the upper guard plate 7, the upper guard plate 7 can be opened after the machine works, and soil adhered to the upper guard plate 7 is cleaned.
The rotary tillage cutter shaft is divided into a left rotary tillage cutter shaft 2 and a right rotary tillage cutter shaft 23; the left rotary tillage cutter shaft 2 and the right rotary tillage cutter shaft 23 are respectively connected with two power output shafts of the speed reducer 9 through a spline housing 24 of the speed reducer. The front end face of the speed reducer 9 is fixedly connected with a supporting plough body 25. And a power input shaft of the speed reducer 9 is connected with a power output shaft of the tractor.
The rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage device is 10cm, the rotary tillage device is used for creating a good seedbed structure, the soil returning effect after the deep scarification and fertilization shovel 20 works is guaranteed, and the fertilizer is promoted to be applied underground in a layered mode.
The control system comprises a control box 37 and a positioning sensor 10; the control box 37 is fixedly connected to the main supporting beam 38 and the rear supporting beam 39 through bolts, and an Android terminal and an STM32 main controller are arranged in the control box 37; as shown in fig. 5, the positioning sensor 10 is arranged on the speed reducer 9, and is used for acquiring position information and speed information of a tool in real time and transmitting the position information and the speed information to an Android terminal in the control box 37; the Android terminal identifies fertilization parameter information according to a pre-input operation plot fertilization prescription and position information and speed information of machines and tools, the fertilization parameter information is sent to the STM32 main controller, and the STM32 main controller controls the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 according to the fertilization parameter information to complete variable fertilization operation.
As shown in fig. 6, a wheat layered variable fertilization method based on a formula diagram by using the wheat layered variable fertilization device comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining fertilization parameter information
The tractor pulls the wheat layered variable fertilizing device to go forward in the operation area; firstly, inputting fertilization information of a plot prescription of an operation plot into an Android terminal; the positioning sensor 10 acquires position information and speed information of the machine tool in real time and transmits the position information and the speed information to an Android terminal in the control box 37; judging a fertilization parameter corresponding to the position of the implement in the operation plot by the Android terminal, forming a fertilization parameter signal and transmitting the fertilization parameter signal to the STM32 main controller; analyzing the fertilizing amount information and calculating the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 by the STM32 main controller, converting digital signals into analog control signals and transmitting the analog control signals to the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 so as to control the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 and the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17;
s2 fertilizing shallow fertilizer
The shallow fertilizer discharging motor 16 drives the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft 15 to rotate, so as to drive each shallow fertilizer discharging unit to work, and the shallow fertilizer stored in the shallow fertilizer box 27 flows into the shallow fertilizer discharging groove 6 through the shallow fertilizer discharging box 11 and is finally scattered on the surface of the soil in front of the rotary tillage device; carrying out rotary tillage operation by the rotary tillage device, and fully mixing the shallow fertilizer and 0-10 cm of soil to finish the fertilizing operation of the shallow fertilizer;
s3 fertilizing middle-layer fertilizer and deep-layer fertilizer
A fertilizer ditch with the depth of 20cm is formed by the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel 20; the deep fertilizer discharging motor 17 drives the deep fertilizer wheel shaft 30 to rotate, drives each deep fertilizer discharging unit to work, and middle and deep fertilizers stored in the deep fertilizer box 28 flow into the fertilizing pipe 204 through the deep fertilizer discharging box 33 and the connecting pipe 34 and are respectively scattered in soil with the underground depth of 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm through the middle fertilizer discharging pipe 206 and the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 205, so that the middle fertilizer and deep fertilizer discharging operations are completed.
The wheat layered variable fertilization method based on the formula map is characterized in that a shallow fertilizer, a middle fertilizer and a deep fertilizer are applied underground according to the mass ratio of 3:3: 4.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the patent protection is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wheat layered variable fertilization device based on a prescription chart is characterized by comprising a main frame, a speed reducer (9), a rotary tillage device, a shallow fertilizer fertilization device, a deep fertilizer fertilization device and a control system;
the main frame comprises an upper suspension (12), an upper suspension support plate (13), a lower suspension (4), a front support cross beam (5), a main support cross beam (38), a rear support cross beam (39), a longitudinal beam (18) and a side plate (19);
the front supporting cross beam (5), the main supporting cross beam (38) and the rear supporting cross beam (39) are sequentially and horizontally fixedly connected between the two longitudinal beams (18) from front to back; the two side plates (19) are respectively and fixedly connected to the outer end faces of the longitudinal beams (18); the two lower suspensions (4) are fixedly connected to the front supporting beam (5), the upper suspension supporting plate (13) is of a bilateral symmetry structure and is fixedly connected to the front supporting beam (5) and the main supporting beam (38), and the upper suspension (12) is fixedly connected to the upper suspension supporting plate (13);
the speed reducer (9) is positioned below the upper suspension support plate (13) and fixedly connected to the front support cross beam (5) and the main support cross beam (38);
the shallow fertilizer applying device comprises a shallow fertilizer box (27), a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft (15), a shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) and a plurality of shallow fertilizer applying monomers; the shallow fertilizer applying unit comprises a shallow fertilizer applying box (11), a shallow fertilizer applying groove (6) and a shallow fertilizer applying box drawing plate (14);
the deep fertilizer application device comprises a deep fertilizer box (28), a deep fertilizer wheel shaft (30), a deep fertilizer discharging motor (17) and a plurality of deep fertilizer application units; the deep fertilizer application unit comprises a deep fertilizer discharging box (33), a connecting pipe (34), a deep loosening and fertilizing shovel (20), a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate (35) and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate (36);
the shallow fertilizer box (27) and the deep fertilizer box (28) are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams (18) in parallel front and back;
the shallow fertilizer wheel shaft (15) is horizontally arranged on two side plates of the shallow fertilizer box (27) and is positioned in front of the front end surface of the shallow fertilizer box (27); the shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) is fixedly connected to one side plate of the shallow fertilizer box (27), and a power output shaft of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) is fixedly connected with a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft (15); the front end surface of the shallow fertilizer box (27) is provided with a plurality of fertilizer outlets which are in one-to-one correspondence with the shallow fertilizer single bodies, and a plurality of shallow fertilizer boxes (11) are sequentially arranged on a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft (15) and fixedly connected to the fertilizer outlets of the corresponding shallow fertilizer boxes (27); the drawing plate (14) of the shallow fertilizer box is slidably arranged in a chute between the shallow fertilizer box (11) and the fertilizer outlet of the shallow fertilizer box (27) and is used for opening or closing the fertilizer outlet of the shallow fertilizer box (27); the upper end of a shallow fertilizer application groove (6) which is arranged obliquely from low front to high back is fixedly connected with a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of a shallow fertilizer box (11), and the lower end is fixedly connected on a front supporting beam (5);
the deep fertilizer wheel shaft (30) is horizontally arranged on two side plates of the deep fertilizer box (28) and is positioned behind the rear end surface of the deep fertilizer box (28); the deep fertilizer discharging motor (17) is fixedly connected to one side plate of the deep fertilizer box (28), and a power output shaft of the deep fertilizer discharging motor (17) is fixedly connected with a deep fertilizer wheel shaft (30); the rear end face of the deep fertilizer box (28) is provided with a plurality of fertilizer outlets corresponding to the deep fertilizer single bodies one by one, a plurality of deep fertilizer boxes (33) are sequentially arranged on a deep fertilizer wheel shaft (30) through fertilizer discharging groove cores (29), and each deep fertilizer box (33) is fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box (28); the deep fertilizer applicator pull plate (31) is slidably arranged in a chute between the deep fertilizer box (33) and the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box (28) and is used for opening or closing the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box (28);
the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel (20) is fixedly connected to the rear supporting beam (39) through a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate (35) and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate (36); two ends of the connecting pipe (34) are respectively communicated with a fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer box (28) and a fertilizer application pipe (204) of the deep scarification fertilizer shovel (20);
the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel (20) comprises a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate (201), a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle (202), a subsoiling and fertilizing shovel tip (203) and a fertilizing pipe (204);
the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate (201) is fixedly connected to the rear supporting cross beam (39) through a fertilizing shovel upper seat plate (35) and a fertilizing shovel lower seat plate (36), the top end inclination angle of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle (202) is adjustably connected to the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate (201), and the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel tip (203) is detachably and fixedly connected to the bottom end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle (202);
the fertilizing tube (204) is divided into a vertical tube and an inclined tube from top to bottom, the vertical tube and the inclined tube are fixedly connected to the rear end surfaces of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel support plate (201) and the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle (202) respectively, and the vertical tube and the inclined tube are in flexible connection;
the inclined pipe is internally provided with a clapboard (207) which divides the inclined pipe into a left part and a right part: a deep fertilizer application pipe (205) and a middle fertilizer application pipe (206); the horizontal height of a fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer application pipe (205) is lower than that of a fertilizer outlet of the middle fertilizer application pipe (206);
the rotary tillage device is arranged below the front supporting beam (5) and the main supporting beam (38), and comprises a rotary tillage cutter shaft, a rotary tillage cutter holder (26), a left-handed tillage cutter (1) and a right-handed tillage cutter (3); two ends of the rotary tillage cutter shaft are respectively arranged on the two side plates (19) through bearing seats (21); the left rotary blade (1) and the right rotary blade (3) are fixedly connected to the rotary blade shaft through a rotary blade holder (26) and are arranged on the rotary blade shaft in a double helix manner;
the control system comprises a control box (37) and a positioning sensor (10); the control box (37) is fixedly connected to the main supporting beam (38) and the rear supporting beam (39), and an Android terminal and an STM32 main controller are arranged in the control box (37); the positioning sensor (10) is arranged on the speed reducer (9) and used for acquiring position information and speed information of a machine tool in real time and transmitting the position information and the speed information to an Android terminal in the control box (37); the Android terminal identifies fertilization parameter information according to a pre-input operation plot fertilization prescription and position information and speed information of machines and tools, the fertilization parameter information is sent to the STM32 main controller, and the STM32 main controller controls the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) and the deep fertilizer discharging motor (17) according to the fertilization parameter information to complete variable fertilization operation.
2. The wheat layered variable fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shovel tip angle α of the shovel tip (203) of the subsoiling fertilizing shovel is 25-55 °; the soil-entering gap angle beta between the bottom surface of the shovel tip (203) of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel and the horizontal plane is 5-14 degrees.
3. The wheat layered variable fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the difference of the horizontal height of the fertilizer outlet of the deep fertilizer fertilizing tube (205) and the fertilizer outlet of the middle fertilizer fertilizing tube (206) is 5 cm; the cross section area ratio of the deep layer fertilizer application pipe (205) to the middle layer fertilizer application pipe (206) is 3: 4.
4. The layered variable fertilization device for wheat according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the front portion of the subsoiling and fertilization shovel support plate (201) in the vertical direction, the rear portion of the top end of the subsoiling and fertilization shovel handle (202) is hinged to the rear portion of the subsoiling and fertilization shovel support plate (201), the front portion of the top end of the subsoiling and fertilization shovel handle (202) is matched with different positioning holes through positioning bolts, and the inclination angle gamma of the subsoiling and fertilization shovel handle (202) is adjusted to be 166-175 degrees.
5. The wheat layered variable fertilizer apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width d of the soil-facing surface at the front end of the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel handle (202) is 5mm, and the soil-facing angle θ is 35 ° to 45 °.
6. The wheat layered variable fertilizer device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shallow fertilizer box (27) and the deep fertilizer box (28) are provided with fertilizer cleaning ports (32) for discharging residual fertilizer after the operation of the machine is finished; a wear-resisting plate (22) is arranged below the bearing seat (21); an upper protection plate (7) is arranged right above the rotary tillage device; the rear end of the upper guard plate (7) is hinged with the main supporting cross beam (38), and the front end is provided with a handle (8).
7. The wheat layered variable fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rotary blade shaft is divided into a left rotary blade shaft (2) and a right rotary blade shaft (23); the left rotary tillage cutter shaft (2) and the right rotary tillage cutter shaft (23) are respectively connected with two power output shafts of the speed reducer (9) through a spline sleeve (24) of the speed reducer; the front end face of the speed reducer (9) is fixedly connected with a supporting plough body (25).
8. The wheat layered variable fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the furrowing depth of the subsoiling fertilizing shovel (20) is 20 cm; the rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage device is 10 cm.
9. The wheat layered variable fertilizer device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the layered variable fertilizer device based on the formula map is used for applying a shallow fertilizer, a middle fertilizer and a deep fertilizer to the ground at a mass ratio of 3:3:4 of 0-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm respectively.
10. A fertilizing method using the wheat layered variable fertilizing device of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining fertilization parameter information
The tractor pulls the layered variable fertilizing device to advance in the operation area for operation; firstly, inputting fertilization information of a plot prescription of an operation plot into an Android terminal; the position information and the speed information of the machine tool are acquired in real time by a positioning sensor (10) and transmitted to an Android terminal in a control box (37); judging a fertilization parameter corresponding to the position of the implement in the operation plot by the Android terminal, forming a fertilization parameter signal and transmitting the fertilization parameter signal to the STM32 main controller; analyzing the fertilizing amount information and calculating the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) and the deep fertilizer discharging motor (17) by the STM32 main controller, converting digital signals into analog control signals and transmitting the analog control signals to the shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) and the deep fertilizer discharging motor (17), and further controlling the rotating speeds of the shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) and the deep fertilizer discharging motor (17);
s2 fertilizing shallow fertilizer
A shallow fertilizer discharging motor (16) drives a shallow fertilizer wheel shaft (15) to rotate, each shallow fertilizer discharging unit is driven to work, and the shallow fertilizer stored in a shallow fertilizer box (27) flows into a shallow fertilizer discharging groove (6) through a shallow fertilizer discharging box (11) and is finally scattered on the surface of the soil in front of the rotary tillage device; carrying out rotary tillage operation by the rotary tillage device, and fully mixing the shallow fertilizer and 0-10 cm of soil to finish the fertilizing operation of the shallow fertilizer;
s3 fertilizing middle-layer fertilizer and deep-layer fertilizer
A fertilizer ditch with the depth of 20cm is opened by the subsoiling and fertilizing shovel (20); the deep fertilizer fertilizing motor (17) drives the deep fertilizer wheel shaft (30) to rotate, drives each deep fertilizer fertilizing unit to work, and middle-deep fertilizers stored in the deep fertilizer box (28) flow into the fertilizing pipe (204) through the deep fertilizer fertilizing box (33) and the connecting pipe (34) and then are respectively scattered in soil with the underground thickness of 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm through the middle-layer fertilizer fertilizing pipe (206) and the deep fertilizer fertilizing pipe (205) to finish the fertilizing operation of the middle-layer fertilizers and the deep fertilizers;
the fertilizing method comprises the step of respectively applying the shallow fertilizer, the middle-layer fertilizer and the deep fertilizer to the ground according to the mass ratio of 3:3: 4.
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| CN115119590B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-03-05 | 华中农业大学 | Anti-blocking and anti-drag sliding knife type fertilizing shovel and fertilizing device comprising same |
| CN116897668B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2024-01-23 | 辽宁省农业机械化研究所 | Electric-drive crop sowing and fertilizing control method and system |
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