CN113508151A - 新的膨胀共聚物 - Google Patents
新的膨胀共聚物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113508151A CN113508151A CN201980093404.0A CN201980093404A CN113508151A CN 113508151 A CN113508151 A CN 113508151A CN 201980093404 A CN201980093404 A CN 201980093404A CN 113508151 A CN113508151 A CN 113508151A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- benzo
- expandable
- oxazine
- polymerizable composition
- cyclic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- -1 hydroxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- OXBLVCZKDOZZOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-Dihydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CC=CS1 OXBLVCZKDOZZOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PVFQHGDIOXNKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PVFQHGDIOXNKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol AP Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JARODAOQOSWMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfanediol Chemical compound OSSO JARODAOQOSWMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008054 sulfonate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 42
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N deuterated chloroform Substances [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012656 cationic ring opening polymerization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006418 Brown reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 4
- NTDQQZYCCIDJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-octylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NTDQQZYCCIDJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012650 click reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCNC2=C1 LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006596 Alder-ene reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMDDERVSCYEKPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl (mesitylcarbonyl)phenylphosphinate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(OCC)C(=O)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C ZMDDERVSCYEKPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxy)-2,2-bis(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxymethyl)propyl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound SCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCS)(COC(=O)CCS)COC(=O)CCS JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 2
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- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 241000405965 Scomberomorus brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及新的可膨胀、可聚合组合物,所述可膨胀、可聚合组合物的聚合产物以及用于制造所述聚合产物的方法。本发明还涉及包含所述可膨胀、可聚合组合物的密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物以及所述可膨胀、可聚合组合物作为密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物的用途/在密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物中的用途。
聚合过程期间发生的体积收缩在文献中经常被忽略且非常欠描述。聚合期间的收缩来源于从单体中的范德华距离到聚合物中的共价距离的键合距离的变化。聚合收缩的数值可以在缩聚聚合中高至50%或者在开环聚合中低至2%至5%。
目前使用的大量可聚合组合物主要基于环氧化物。这些基于环氧的组合物在聚合期间表现出体积收缩,从而导致树脂中的层离、开裂和空隙的形成。除了收缩之外,基于环氧的聚合物还具有包括高吸湿性和在较高温度下的有限稳定性的其他已知缺点。
为了找到该问题的解决方案,已经开发了减少聚合期间的体积收缩的不同策略。这些策略主要基于以下三种方法:(A)改变聚合条件(光聚合或热固化聚合物),(B):添加填料或添加剂,以及(C):单体或低聚物的结构的改变。
例如,螺环邻位化合物(SOC化合物)被报道为在聚合时具有特别高的体积膨胀的单体(T.Takata,T.Endo:Recent advances in the development of expandingmonomers:Synthesis,polymerization and volume change.Prog.Polym.Sci.1993,18(5),839-870)。然而,SOC化合物具有对水敏感的缺点。考虑到工业应用的另一个潜在问题是以下事实:文献中的许多螺环邻位单体的合成涉及被REACH(即化学品的注册、评估、授权和限制)禁止的多种化合物。
报道了在固化时导致体积膨胀的另一组化合物为基于苯并嗪的酚醛树脂(H.Ishida,H.Y.Low:A Study on the Volumetric Expansion of Benzoxazine-BasedPhenolic Resin.Macromolecules 1997,30,1099-1106)。多种苯并嗪单体可以由双酚单元(最常见为双酚A)、甲醛和伯胺来制备。然而,观察到不同基于胺的苯并嗪在其体积膨胀特性方面中的巨大差异。即使聚(苯并嗪)可以克服对于基于环氧的聚合物所报道的许多缺点,用于生产聚(苯并嗪)的方法也需要高温并且所得的聚合物通常为脆性,因此限制了其应用范围。
Murayama报道了包含降冰片烯单元(NBC)的环状碳酸酯用基于胺的引发剂在聚合期间的体积膨胀(M.Murayama:Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of a CyclicCarbonate Having a Norbornene Structure with Amine Initiators.Macromolecules1998,31,919-923)。已经报道了纯NBC的聚合引起8.2%的膨胀。
Cho及其同事研究了在共聚期间将各种内酰胺并入环氧树脂中对收缩率的影响(L.W.Chen,C.H.Twu,C.S.Cho:Physical properties and shrinkage of epoxy resinscured with lactams.J.Polym.Res.1997,4,65-72)。收缩率随着内酰胺含量的增加而降低并且随着内酰胺环尺寸的增加而降低。
此外,据报道,具有不同量的硬脂醇的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯影响体积收缩率(L.Qin,J.Nie,Y.He:Synthesis and properties of polyurethane acrylate modified bydifferent contents of stearyl alcohol.J.Coat.Technol.Res.2015,12,197-204)。具体地,通过较高含量的硬脂醇改性的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯表现出较低的体积收缩率。
由于聚合收缩率与反应性双键的转化率直接相关,因此示出基于具有大取代基的二甲基丙烯酸酯单体的新的可光聚合制剂在聚合时表现出较低的收缩率(J.Ge,M.Trujillo,J.Stansbury:Synthesis and photopolymerization of low shrinkagemethacrylate monomers containing bulky substituent groups.Dent.Mater.2005,21,1163-1169)。
Nie及其同事研究了温度对三(乙二醇)二甲基丙烯酸酯在光聚合期间的体积收缩率的影响(B.Lu,P.Xiao,M.Sun,J.Nie:Reducing volume shrinkage by low-temperaturephotopolymerization.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2007,104,1126-1130)。他们发现用于光固化的最佳温度为-40℃,因为暗反应之后的总转化率与室温下观察到的总转化率类似,而有益的是收缩率显著更低。
另一项研究表明,(甲基)丙烯酸酯涂料在光聚合期间的收缩率取决于双键转化率和双键的浓度:由于双键的固有高浓度,单体是收缩的主要原因(Y.Jian,Y.He,T.Jiang,C.Li,W.Yang,J.Nie:Volume shrinkage of UV-curable coating formulationinvestigated by real-time laser reflection method.J.Coat.Technol.Res.2013,10,231-237)。
另一种方法涉及使用预聚物来防止体积收缩。Serra及其同事报道了具有柔性乙氧基化双酚A结构和末端羟基的新的超支化聚酯的合成(T.Li,H.Qin,Y.Liu,Y.Zhong,Y.Yu,A.Serra:Hyperbranched polyester as additives in filled and unfilledepoxy-novolac systems.Polymer 2012,53(25),5864-5872)。
Thomas及其同事研究了TiO2填料对环氧树脂复合材料的体积收缩率的影响(J.Parameswaranpillai,A.George,J.Pionteck,S.Thomas:Investigation of CureReaction,Rheology,Volume Shrinkage and Thermomechanical Properties of Nano-TiO2 Filled Epoxy/DDS Composites.J.Polym.2013,183463:1-183463:17)。
存在对产生聚合物在聚合期间具有改善且可调整的膨胀行为的可替代或改善的可膨胀、可聚合组合物的需求。
本发明的一个目的是提供基于苯并嗪的新的可膨胀、可聚合组合物,所述新的可膨胀、可聚合组合物显示出改善的膨胀特性,特别地在聚合期间显示出高的、可调节且可重复的膨胀率。本发明的另一个目的是提供基于苯并嗪的新的可膨胀、可聚合组合物,所述新的可膨胀、可聚合组合物产生具有广泛应用的聚合物。
本发明基于以下出乎意料的发现:苯并嗪单体与环状碳酸酯单体的共聚产生具有未预见到的高膨胀率的新的共聚物,其中所得共聚物的特性(例如,固体/脆性、固体/软性、橡胶状)可以分别根据组合物和共聚物中存在的苯并嗪当量/环状碳酸酯当量的比率而容易且可重复地调整/调节。因此,与本领域中已知的可膨胀聚合物相比,新的共聚物提供了显著的益处。此外,新的可膨胀、可聚合组合物和由此获得的聚(苯并嗪)-共聚-聚(环状碳酸酯)聚合物具有提供广泛应用的极大潜力。如以下将更详细描述的,共聚物可以通过使苯并嗪和环状碳酸酯在足以引发共聚反应的温度下的共聚来制备,其中两种类型的单体均经历开环聚合。
这些出乎意料的发现通过以下实施例中给出的实验数据来证明。实验数据中呈现的结果表明,对于被测试的大多数共聚物而言,观察到大于25%或甚至大于30%的膨胀率。据本发明人所知,迄今为止对于可膨胀聚合物从未报道这样高的膨胀率,因此,超过已知可膨胀聚合物的膨胀率大于300%。
其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物或苯并嗪,并且R2可以与R3连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3可以与R4连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基。
如本文中所用的术语“烷基”是指具有指定数目的碳原子的直链或支化烃链。例如,如权利要求书中所述的“C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基”是指具有至少2个且至多15个碳原子的直链、支化或环状烷基。具有直链的烷基优选是C2至C9烷基。优选是C3至C7烷基的有用支化烷基链为例如组成异丙基、异丁基、新戊基和(1'-甲基)-己基的取代基。优选是C4至C12烷基的有用环状烷基链为例如组成环丁基、环己基和金刚烷基的取代基。
如上所述,C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基任选地经独立地选自以下中的一个或更多个取代基取代:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物、或苯并嗪。
如本文中所用的术语“卤素”意指卤素氯、溴、氟或碘,其中优选氯和溴,以及拟卤素CN、N3、OCN、NCO、CNO、SCN、NCS、SeCN,其中优选N3、NCO和SCN。
如本文中所用的术语“烯基”是指包含指定数目的碳原子且包含至少一个碳-碳双键的烃基链,其中烃基如上所限定并且可以为直链或支化烃链或者可以带有闭环。例如,C2至C25烯基意指包含至少2个且至多25个碳原子并且包含至少一个双键的烯基。优选直链烯基链。如本文中所用的“烯基”的实例包括但不限于2-丙烯基、Z-丙烯基或E-丙烯基、丁二烯基、异戊二烯基和环丙烯基乙基以及Z-癸烯基或E-癸烯基和E-十八碳-9-烯基。
如本文中所用的术语“炔基”是指包含指定数目的碳原子且包含至少一个碳-碳三键的烃基链,其中烃基如上所限定并且可以为直链或支化烃链或者可以带有闭环。例如,C2至C12炔基意指包含至少2个且至多12个碳原子并且包含至少一个三键的炔基。炔基的代表性实例包括但不限于1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、3-丁炔基和2-戊炔基以及1-十二炔基。
如本文中所用的术语“烷芳基”是指式亚烷基-芳基或亚芳基-烷基的基团。特别地,烷芳基涉及通过亚烷基与苯并嗪环连接的芳基。如本文中所用的术语“芳基”是指具有指定数目的碳原子的芳族碳环。例如,C5至C6芳基是指具有至少5个且至多6个碳原子的芳族环。术语“芳基”也指具有多于一个芳族环的多环基,例如C10至C14芳基。芳基的代表性实例包括但不限于环戊二烯基、苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基。示例性烷芳基为7至16个碳原子,并且包括但不限于苄基、苯乙基和异丙基苄基。
如本文中所用的术语“杂烷基”是指其中至少一个碳原子已被杂原子(例如,O、N或S原子)替代的“烷基”。杂烷基可以为例如伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、线性硫醚、支化硫醚和环状硫醚、伯硫醇、线性醚、支化醚和环状醚以及羧酸及其衍生的酯。在某些实施方案中,“杂烷基”可以为2元至8元杂烷基,表示杂烷基包含2至8个选自碳、氧、氮和硫中的原子。在另一些实施方案中,杂烷基可以为2元至6元、4元至8元或5元至8元杂烷基(其可以包含例如1或2个选自氧和氮中的杂原子)。
如本文中所用的术语“杂芳基”是指具有一个或更多个杂原子(O、S或N)的芳族基。优选的杂芳基残基具有5个或6个环原子数并且包括衍生自呋喃、咪唑、三唑、异噻唑、异唑、二唑、唑、吡嗪、吡唑、哒嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯啉、噻唑、噻吩、三唑和四唑中的那些。具有一个或更多个杂原子的多环基也被称为“杂芳基”,其中所述基团的至少一个环为杂芳族;例如具有7个至10个环原子数并且包括衍生自吲哚、喹啉、异喹啉和四氢喹啉中的那些的杂芳基。
术语“羟基”、“二硫化物”、“磺酸酯/盐”、“硫醚”、“醚”、“酯”和“羧酸”是本领域公认的。示例性二硫化物包括但不限于甲基二硫基(methyl disulfanyl)、乙基二硫基、苯基二硫基和苄基二硫基。示例性磺酸酯/盐包括但不限于甲磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸钠、甲磺酸钾和2-甲基苯磺酸钠。示例性醚基包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、苯甲氧基和苯氧基。示例性硫醚基包括但不限于甲基硫基(methylthiyl)、乙基硫基和苯基硫基。示例性酯基包括但不限于甲酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯和苯甲酸酯。示例性羧酸基包括但不限于甲酸、乙酸、苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、和脂肪酸例如癸酸和癸-10'-烯酸。
术语“胺”和“氨基”是本领域公认的并且是指伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,包括但不限于乙胺、苄胺、乙二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、二亚乙基三胺、叔丁基胺、和三乙胺。
如本文中所用的术语“酰胺”表示具有至少一个可识别的酰胺基的分子。示例性酰胺包括但不限于乙酰胺甲基、丙酰胺甲基和苯甲酰胺甲基。
如本文中所用的术语“叠氮化物”是指其中具有N3部分的任何基团。示例性叠氮化物包括但不限于(4H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基、(5-甲基-4H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基、(5-乙基-4H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基、和(5-苯基-4H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基、以及叠氮甲基、叠氮乙基、叠氮丙基、4-叠氮苯基和4-叠氮苄基。
如本文中所用的,术语“苯并嗪”涉及包含特征性苯并嗪环的化合物和聚合物。示例性苯并嗪取代基包括但不限于(2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪-3(4H)-基)甲基、(5,6,7-三甲基-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪-3(4H)-基)甲基、(7-氨基-5-叠氮基-6-羟基-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪-3(4H)-基)甲基和2-((2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪-3(4H)-基)甲基)苄基。例如,其中R1、R2、R3和R4之一为经苯并嗪取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基的式(I)的苯并嗪单体的合成可以基于对称双酚化合物或二羟基苯化合物。
术语“经取代的”是指经一个或更多个取代基取代的化学实体。与化学实体相关的术语“任选地经取代”意指该化学实体可以经取代或不经取代,即包括这两种情况。术语“一个或更多个取代基”是指根据可用取代位点的数目,一个至可能的取代基最大数目。
在某些实施方案中,R2可以与R3连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基。在另一些实施方案中,R3可以与R4连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基。示例性环状取代基包括但不限于3-烯丙基-1,3-嗪烷-5,6-二基、3-烯丙基-4-甲基-1,3-嗪烷-5,6-二基、环己烷-1,2-二基和苯-1,2-二基。例如,通过使R2与R3连接或者通过使R3与R4连接可以形成呈4元、5元或6元烷基环的形式的环状取代基。
其中R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物、或苯并嗪,并且R2可以与R3连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3可以与R4连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基,条件是R2、R3和/或R4包含至少一个不饱和键,例如烯键,以及
R7为任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基和叠氮化物,条件是R7包含至少一个硫醇基以使得能够进行(UV介导的)硫醇-烯交联。
包含可用的烯烃官能团和硫醇官能团的单体通过硫醇-烯反应(也称为“硫醇-烯点击化学反应”)的UV介导交联是本领域技术人员公知的,并且经常用于交联三维网络的合成中。在本发明中,苯并嗪单元可以在共聚之前通过UV引发的硫醇-烯点击反应来交联。交联的苯并嗪单元与环状碳酸酯单元的共聚通过在足以引发共聚反应的温度下施加热来进行,在共聚中所得共聚物发生膨胀,在本发明的情况下,所述温度为例如最高至140℃的温度。
至少一种环状碳酸酯可以为通式(III)的化合物:
其中R5和R6各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经卤素、烯基、杂烷基和羟基取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基。在优选实施方案中,环状碳酸酯为碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸亚丙酯,优选碳酸亚乙酯。
组合物中苯并嗪当量与环状碳酸酯当量的比率优选为99:1至1:99;更优选地,组合物中苯并嗪当量与环状碳酸酯当量的比率为99:1至30:70。根据比率,可以调节/调整在使根据本发明的组合物聚合之后获得的聚合产物的特性(例如,固体/脆性、固体/软性、橡胶状)。
在另一些实施方案中,所述组合物另外包含至少一种反应性稀释剂。在特定实施方案中,反应性稀释剂以苯并嗪的20重量%至60重量%存在。在特定实施方案中,反应性稀释剂选自3-烯丙基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪、3-烯丙基-5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪、3-烯丙基-6-辛基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪和3-烯丙基-6-壬基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪。
本发明还涉及根据本发明和本文中所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物的聚合产物。
其中
R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物、或苯并嗪,并且R2可以与R3连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3可以与R4连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基;
R5和R6各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经卤素、烯基、杂烷基和羟基取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基;
m为10至10000的整数;
n为10至6700的整数;
o为0至1000的整数。
其中
R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物、或苯并嗪,并且R2可以与R3连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3可以与R4连接以在苯环上形成环状取代基,条件是R2、R3和/或R4包含至少一个不饱和键;
R7为任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基和叠氮化物,条件是R7包含至少一个硫醇基,以使得能够进行(UV介导的)硫醇-烯交联。
R5和R6各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经卤素、烯基、杂烷基和羟基取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基;
m为10至10000的整数;
n为10至6700的整数;
o为0至1000的整数。
在这些实施方案中,在使交联的苯并嗪单元与环状碳酸酯共聚之前,首先通过UV引发的硫醇-烯点击反应使苯并嗪单元交联。通过在足以引发共聚反应的温度下施加热来进行共聚,在此期间所得共聚物发生膨胀,在本发明的情况下,所述温度为例如最高至140℃的温度。
在另一个方面,本发明还涉及包含如本文中所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物的密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物。在又一个方面,本发明还涉及如本文中所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物作为密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物的用途/在密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物中的用途。例如,可膨胀、可聚合组合物可以用于建筑工业,例如作为铸造组合物和密封剂;用于铸造工业,例如作为粘结剂和模制混合物;用于涂料工业,例如用于物体的涂层;用于木材加工工业,例如用于制备压制木材产品;用于汽车工业;用于电子工业,例如作为绝缘材料;用于粘合剂工业;以及用于医疗/牙科产品(例如牙齿填充物)的领域。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及通过使如本文中所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物中包含的可交联苯并嗪交联而获得的预固化、可膨胀、可聚合组合物。在另一个方面,本发明还涉及这种预固化、可膨胀、可聚合组合物作为用于填充装置中的空间的可膨胀填充元件的用途,其中所述预固化、可膨胀组合物具有预定形式,特别地,但不限于条、棒、圆柱体或标准部件,其中预固化、可膨胀组合物在热刺激时的共聚期间显示出体积膨胀。在特定实施方案中,预形成且预固化组合物的体积膨胀可能导致与待填充空间的几何对准。预固化、可膨胀、可聚合组合物的所述预定形式可以具有毫米、厘米或米范围内的尺寸。具体地,所述预固化、可膨胀、可聚合组合物可以用作用于电机绕组的支承和固定元件或者可以用作用于电气设备的绕组绝缘屏障。即,由于体积膨胀,产生所得的膨胀共聚物与周围材料的精确几何对准并且补偿那些材料的收缩公差和组装公差,这提供了优异的稳定性以及另外地优异的绝缘特性和绕组或层合电磁材料的形状配合支承(另参见以下应用实例的第4章)。
在又一个方面,本发明还涉及用于制造聚合产物的方法,所述方法包括将如本文中所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物加热至足以引发共聚反应的温度的步骤。引发共聚反应的温度优选在70℃至200℃的范围内,更优选在70℃至150℃的范围内,并且最优选在70℃至120℃的范围内。
在用于制造聚合产物的方法的特定实施方案中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
因此,如上所述,在其中发生聚(苯并嗪)-共聚-聚(环状碳酸酯)的膨胀的共聚步骤c.)之前,步骤b.)可膨胀、可聚合组合物的预固化可以通过包含可用的烯烃官能团和硫醇官能团的可交联苯并嗪单体经由硫醇-烯反应的UV介导交联来进行。在共聚步骤c.)中,在足以引发共聚反应的温度下施加热。引发共聚反应的温度优选在70℃至200℃的范围内,更优选在70℃至150℃的范围内,并且最优选在70℃至120℃的范围内。这种包括预固化步骤b.)后接共聚/膨胀步骤c.)的两步法在建筑和铸造工业中的应用中特别有用,由于其使预固化的、如此预形成的但尚未膨胀的组合物的处理/布置容易且方便。例如,可以将已具有期望形状的预固化组合物置于待密封的开口中;在下一步骤中,施加热来引发共聚反应和所得交联的聚(苯并嗪)-共聚-聚(环状碳酸酯)的膨胀。
通过以下实施例进一步证明并举例说明本发明,但不限于此。
以下第3.1章的图1示出了经硫醇-烯预固化但未共聚的试样(在右侧)和经硫醇-烯预固化且共聚的试样(在左侧),其中两个试样均用根据本发明的可膨胀、可聚合组合物来制备。
图2示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B1+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100];中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.1章。
图3示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B1+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.2章。
图4示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B2+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.3章。
图5示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B2+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.4章。
图6示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B3+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.5章。
图7示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B3+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.6章。
图8示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B4+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.7章。
图9示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B4+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数;参见以下第3.B.8章。
实验数据和实施例
1.A.材料和方法
1.A.1材料
双酚A(97%)、氢醌(97%)、低聚甲醛(95%)、苯酚(>99%)、间甲酚(>98%)、4-辛基苯酚(99%)、4-壬基苯酚(>90%)、硫酸钠(>99%)、碳酸亚乙酯(98%)、碳酸亚丙酯(99.7%)和乙醚(>98%)购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH(Vienna,Austria)。双酚F(>99%)、双酚S(>98%)、季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)(>90%)购自TCI(Tokyo ChemicalIndustry Co.,Ltd.;Austria,Vienna)。烯丙胺(>98%)购自Thermo Fisher GmbH(Karlsruhe,Germany)。2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基次膦酸乙酯(>95%)购自abcr GmbH(Karlsruhe,Germany)。所有物质无需进一步纯化来使用。
1.A.2方法
膨胀率的测量-密度测量
使用Mettler Toledo密度测量套件进行密度测量。样品密度用水中流体静力平衡,确定试样在溶剂中和溶剂外的浮升力来计算。
膨胀率通过一方面单体/前体的密度测量和另一方面膨胀聚合物的密度测量来量化。膨胀率根据下式来计算:
FTIR、1H-NMR和13C-NMR测量
FTIR-ATR光谱记录在配备有DTGS检测器的Bruker Alpha P仪器上(光谱范围为4000cm-1至800cm-1)。ATR单元配备有金刚石晶体。FTIR光谱以透射模式测量,并且由粉末样品或液体膜获得。
NMR谱记录在Bruker Ultrashield 300WB 300MHz光谱仪上。CDCl3的溶剂峰适用于参照(1H为7.26ppm,13C为77.0ppm)的谱。DMSO的溶剂残留峰适用于参照2.50ppm(1H)和39.5ppm(13C)的谱。峰形状如下所示:s(单峰)、d(双峰)、t(三峰)、m(多重峰)。
2.A.单体合成
(简称:B1 ):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至双酚A(0.15mol,34.3g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。将所得的反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的甲醛、双酚A或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.86(2H,m),6.72(2H,m),6.62(2H,m),5.80(2H,m),5.12(4H,m),4.74(4H,s),3.85(4H,s),3.31(2H,d),1.51(6H,s).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=151.9,143.8,135.1,126.3,122.5,119.2,118.3,115.8,81.9,54.5,50.3,41.7,31.1.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3074,2964,2894,2825,1611,1495,1330,1226,1187,1115,987,928,814.
(简称:B2 ):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至双酚F(0.15mol,29.7g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。然后将所得的反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的低聚甲醛、双酚F或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.83(2H,m),6.67(2H,m),6.60(2H,m),5.79(2H,m),5.10(4H,m),4.73(4H,s),3.84(4H,s),3.66(2H,s),3.30(2H,d).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=152.5,135.3,133.7,128.2,127.7,120.1,118.4,116.5,82.5,55.6,49.8,40.5.
FTIR(ATR):ν(cm-1)=3074,2972,2917,2863,1740,1619,1493,1436,1368,1211,1109,987,928,811.
(简称:B3 ):
将双酚S(0.15mol,39.3g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在60℃下搅拌。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。然后将所得的反应混合物溶解在500mL氯仿中。将溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的低聚甲醛、双酚S或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.83(2H,m),7.68(2H,m),5,90(2H,m),5.21(4H,m),4.81(4H,s),4.07(4H,s),3.32(4H,d).
13C-NMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ(ppm)=163.4,135.4,134.9,130.4,128.2,122.2,118.5,117.2,55.1,49.8.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3072,2958,2007,2850,1683,1577,1484,1440,1287,1442,1081,991,916,822.
(简称:B4 ):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至氢醌(0.15mol,16.5g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。将所得的棕色反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的低聚甲醛、氢醌或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.61(2H,m),6.43(2H,m),6.92(2H,d),5.87(2H,m),5.18(4H,m),4.92(4H,s),4.75(4H,s),3.78(4H,s),3.68(4H,s),3.36(4H,d),3.14(4H,d).
13C-NMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ(ppm)=150.3,147.7,135.0,118.4,117.9,117.5,117.0,116.4,115.6,115.0,114.4,113.0,81.6,67.1,55.8,54.5,49.7,46.6.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3076,2970,2850,1740,1475,1366,1230,1117,985,916,805.
(简称:RD):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至苯酚(0.30mol,28.2g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。然后将所得的棕色反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的低聚甲醛、苯酚或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.02(1H,m),6.87(1H,m),6.78(1H,m),6.69(1H,m),5.81(1H,m),5.14(2H,m),4.79(2H,s),3.91(2H,s),3.30(2H,d).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=158.1,134.4,130.1,129.7,127.6,121.0,117.2,111.9,85.4,58.5,56.9.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3072,2970,2841,1740,1576,1487,1364,1219,1107,991,922,850,754.
(简称:RD-A):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至间甲酚(0.30mol,32.4g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。然后将所得的棕色反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的甲醛、间甲酚或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.72(1H,m),6.64(1H,m),6.53(1H,m),5.82(1H,m),5.10(2H,m),4.81(2H,s),3.86(2H,s),3.08(2H,d),2.17(3H,s).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=157.9,133.4,130.2,127.4,122.2,121.5,118.3,114.2,82.1,56.3,49.4,212.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=2956,2843,1615,1578,1505,1445,1420,1279,1241,1109,990,921,860.
(简称:RD-B):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至4-辛基苯酚(0.30mol,61.8g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。然后将所得的棕色反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的低聚甲醛、4-辛基苯酚或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.81(1H,d,3JH,H=6.65Hz),6.64(1H,s),6.60(1H,3JH,H=6.65Hz),5.85(1H,m),5.12(2H,m),4.84(2H,s),3.88(2H,s),3.21(2H,d),2.41(2H,t),1.48(2H,m),1.19(10H,m),0.79(2H,m).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=152.0,135.3,135.1,127.6,127.2,118.1,116.2,82.0,54.6,49.7,35.3,31.9,31.7,29.5,29.4,29.3,22.7,14.1.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=2923,2852,1499,1217,1117,988,919,820.
(简称:RD-C):
将低聚甲醛(0.62mol,18.6g)在30分钟的时间内以小份添加至4-壬基苯酚(0.30mol,66.1g)和烯丙胺(0.30mol,17.1g)的混合物中,同时在冰浴中冷却以保持温度低于10℃。然后添加对甲苯磺酸(2.90mmol,0.50g),将温度升高至90℃,并将混合物搅拌3小时。然后将所得的棕色反应混合物溶解在500mL乙醚中。将醚溶液用水(3份500mL)洗涤以消除任何未反应的低聚甲醛、4-壬基苯酚或烯丙胺并经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸发,并将产物在真空烘箱中干燥。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.89(1H,d),6.82(1H,s),6.55(1H,),5.76(1H,m),5.01(2H,m),4.66(2H,s),3.85(2H,s),3.21(2H,d),2.99(2H,m),1.91(2H,m),1.13(2H,m),1.08(2H,m),0.99(4H,m),0.67(4H,m),053(3H,m).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):6(ppm)=136.7,126.6,125.9,125.7,119.2,118.0,116.4,82.8,57.3,53.0,36.4,32.0,31.5,29.8,29.4,29.1,22.5,14.6.
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=2957,2851,1500,1378,1230,1122,988,822,820,748.
2.B.均聚物的合成(比较例)
作为四硫醇4SH,使用季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)。
作为光引发剂PI,使用乙基(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基次膦酸乙酯。
2.B1.1.实施例1(比较):6,6′-(丙烷-2,2-二基)双(3-烯丙基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪)和3-烯丙基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[e][1,3]嗪的交联共聚物(简称:Cl[p(B1 ±RD)100]):
将醚合三氟化硼(1.10mmol,156mg)添加至4SH(3.1mmol,1.51g)中。将混合物添加至B1(8.1mmol,3.16g)、RD(13.8mmol,2.41g)和PI(0.1mmol,31.6mg)的液体共混物中。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B1和RD的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):ν(cm-1)=3011,2968,2919,1740,1625,1438,1364,1215,1117,911.
(简称:Cl[p(B2+RD)100]):
将醚合三氟化硼(1.10mmol,156mg)添加至4SH(3.1mmol,1.51g)中。将混合物添加至B2(8.1mmol,2.94g)、RD(10.3mmol,1.80g)和PI(0.1mmol,31.6mg)的液体共混物中。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B2和RD的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3017,2968,2860,1740,1440,1368,1226,1054,869.
(简称:Cl[p(B3+RD)100]):
将醚合三氟化硼(1.10mmol,156.1mg)添加至4SH(3.1mmol,1.51g)中。将混合物添加至B3(8.1mmol,3.34g)、RD(10.3mmol,1.80g)和PI(0.1mmol,31.6mg)的液体共混物中。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B3和RD的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):vcm-1)=2921,2853,1683,1578,1458,1290,1098,911.
(简称:Cl[P(B4+RD)100]):
将醚合三氟化硼(1.10mmol,156.1mg)添加至4SH(3.1mmol,1.51g)中。将混合物添加至B4(12.1mmol,3.29g)、RD(9.8mmol,2.66g)和PI(0.1mmol,31.6mg)的液体共混物中。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B4和RD的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3017,2970,1740,1640,1444,1368,1219,911.
2.B2.环状碳酸酯的均聚(比较例)
2.B2.1.实施例5(比较):聚(碳酸亚乙酯)
(简称:pEC):
将醚合三氟化硼(1.86mmol,265mg)添加至熔融的碳酸亚乙酯(EC)(0.10mol,8.8g)中。在不搅拌的情况下,将反应混合物加热直至100℃过夜。在24小时之后,获得固体聚合物。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3007,2970,2878,1744,1442,1364,1219,1048,879
2.B2.2.实施例6(比较):聚(碳酸亚丙酯)
(简称:pPC):
将醚合三氟化硼(1.9mmol,265mg)添加至碳酸亚丙酯(PC)(0.10mol,10.2g)中。在不搅拌的情况下,将反应混合物加热直至100℃过夜。在24小时之后,获得固体聚合物。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=2988,2923,1789,1485,1379,1180,1040,885,773.
2.C.共聚物合成(根据本发明的实施例)
2.C.1.实施例7(发明):Cl[p(B1+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)&[p(B1+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=86)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B1(量:C)、RD(量:D)、EC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表1。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B1、RD和EC的阳离子开环共聚。在[p(B1+RD)86-stat-pEC14]的情况下,既未添加4SH也未添加PI;未施加UV照射。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3074,2964,2825,1809,1593,1493,1344,1222,1120,1073,922,816,754.
表1:
2.C.2.实施倒8(发明):Cl[p(B1+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)&[p(B1+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=86)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B1(量:C)、RD(量:D)、PC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表2。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B1、RD和PC的阳离子开环共聚。在[p(B1+RD)86-stat-pPC14]的情况下,既未添加4SH也未添加PI;未施加UV照射。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=2968,2925,2821,1740,1591,1493,1366,1236,1132,987,911,820,754.
表2:
2.C.3.实施例9(发明):Cl[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)&[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=86)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B2(量:C)、RD(量:D)、EC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表3。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B2、RD和EC的阳离子开环聚合。在[p(B2+RD)86-stat-pEC14]的情况下,既未添加4SH也未添加PI;未施加UV照射。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3005,2968,2926,1736,1594,1438,1364,1230,1236,987,920,811.
表3:
2.C.4.实施例10(发明):Cl[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)&[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=86)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B2(量:C)、RD(量:D)、PC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表4。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B2、RD和PC的阳离子开环聚合。在[p(B2+RD)86-stat-pPC14]的情况下,既未添加4SH也未添加PI;未施加UV照射。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3070,2923,2839,1797,1736,1591,1493,1354,1246,1117,991,926,765.
表4:
2.C.5.实施例例11(发明):Cl[p(B3+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B3(量:C)、RD(量:D)、EC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表5。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B3、RD和EC的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3004,2919,2815,1729,1592,1452,1252,1136,999,920.
表5:
2.C.6.实施例12(发明):Cl[p(B3+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B3(量:C)、RD(量:D)、PC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表6。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B3、RD和PC的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):vcm-1)=3076,2925,2815,1730,1595,1460,1256,1142,971,916,756.
表6:
2.C.7.实施例13(发明):Cl[p(B4+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B4(量:C)、RD(量:D)、EC(量:E)和PI(数量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表7。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B4、RD和EC的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):ν(cm-1)=2998,2917,1762,1638,1622,1479,1391,1156,1052,969,716.
表7:
2.C.8.实施例14(发明):Cl[p(B4+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=99,97,93,86,70,30,1)
将醚合三氟化硼(量:A)添加至4SH(量:B)中。将混合物添加至B4(量:C)、RD(量:D)、PC(量:E)和PI(量:F)的液体共混物中-参见下表8。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后加热直至100℃持续24小时,产生B4、RD和PC的阳离子开环聚合。
FTIR(ATR):v(cm-1)=3070,2928,2854,1740,1640,1617,1436,1354,1217,1130,936.
表8:
3.膨胀
3.A.根据本发明的共聚物的视觉呈现
为了在视觉上证明固化后膨胀的效果,如下制备试样:将醚合三氟化硼(1.1mmol,0.156g)添加至4SH(3.1mmol,1.51g)中。将混合物添加至B1(8.1mmol,3.16g)、RD(13.8mmol,2.41g)、PC(15.7mmol,1.38g)和PI(0.10mmol,0.031g)的液体共混物中并倒入圆形形状的模具中。使用UV光进行硫醇-烯预固化15分钟。随后将试样分成两部分。将一部分加热直至100℃持续24小时以使得B1、RD和PC能够进行阳离子开环共聚;将另一部分保持在没有另外固化的情况下。
图1示出了经硫醇-烯预固化但未共聚的试样(在右侧的较小部分)和经硫醇-烯预固化且共聚的试样(在左侧的较大部分)。
3.B.膨胀率
膨胀率一方面通过均聚物的密度测量来量化(参见以上比较例1至6),另一方面根据本发明的共聚物的密度测量来量化(参见以上根据本发明的实施例7至14)。在第1.A.2章的方法下如上所述测量和计算膨胀率。膨胀率在第3.B.1至3.B.8章中的以下表10至表17中给出,并进一步在附图2至9中示出。
虽然比较例已包括在第3.B.1至3.B.8章的各个表内,但是未共聚的同源物,即一方面的聚苯并嗪均聚物以及另一方面的聚(环状碳酸酯)均聚物已列于下文中的表9中,以提供根据当前现有技术可实现的膨胀率的概述:
表9:
标识符 | 膨胀率[%] |
Cl[p(B<sub>1</sub>+RD)<sub>100</sub>] | 3.3 |
Cl[p(B<sub>2</sub>+RD)<sub>100</sub>] | 2.1 |
Cl[p(B<sub>3</sub>+RD)<sub>100</sub>] | 1.0 |
Cl[p(B<sub>4</sub>+RD)<sub>100</sub>] | 0.2 |
pEC | -0.8 |
pPC | -0.5 |
3.B.1.
Cl[p(B1+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)&[p(B1+RD)i-stat-PEC100-i](i=86)
表10:
图2示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B1+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100]中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.2.
Cl[p(B1+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)&[p(B1+RD)i-stat-PPC100-i](i=86)
表11:
图3示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B1+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.3.
Cl[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)&[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=86)
表12:
图4示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B2+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.4.
Cl[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)&[p(B2+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=86)
表13:
图5示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B2+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.5.Cl[p(B3+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)
表14:
图6示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B3+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.6.Cl[p(B3+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)
表15:
图7示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B3+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.7.Cl[p(B4+RD)i-stat-pEC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)
表16:
图8示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B4+RD)0-100-stat-pEC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.B.8.Cl[p(B4+RD)i-stat-pPC100-i](i=100,99,97,93,86,70,30,1,0)
表17:
图9示出了以[%]为单位的膨胀率作为共聚物Cl[p(B4+RD)0-100-stat-pPC0-100].中环状碳酸酯的浓度的函数。
3.C结论
苯并嗪和环状碳酸酯可以根据开环机制共聚。在此固化步骤期间,制剂表现出最高至大于30体积%的体积膨胀。值得注意的是,相应均聚物仅显示出低程度的体积膨胀(在聚(苯并嗪)的情况下)或者根本没有体积膨胀(在聚(环状碳酸酯)的情况下)。包含苯并嗪和环状碳酸酯的制剂的这种行为与在固化步骤期间显示出收缩的许多其他单体制剂形成对比。体积膨胀的程度可以通过仔细选择苯并嗪和环状碳酸酯的量和类型而在0体积%至大于30体积%的范围内调整。相应地,相应共聚物的机械特性也可以从高脆性类型到类橡胶类型而变化。
包含苯并嗪和环状碳酸酯的制剂为液体至半固体;其粘度可以通过添加反应性稀释剂例如基于苯并嗪的反应性稀释剂来调节。因此,可以保持无溶剂混合物。因此,这些制剂可以用作在固化反应期间膨胀的涂料和粘合剂,从而产生不会从其粘附的基底上层离的无空隙且无裂纹的涂层。如果苯并嗪包含另外的官能团例如能够通过反应例如硫醇-烯点击反应来交联的烯烃单元,则可以使该制剂预固化使得在开环共聚之前进行交联。该策略的一种可能技术是在温度引发的开环共聚尚未开始时添加自由基光引发剂和施加UV照射,使得可以在室温下进行交联。通过该策略,可以生产可以插入腔中的具有定制几何形状的固体试样,其中固体试样在温度刺激时显示出几何对准(例如,腔的完全填充)。
4.应用实例
4.1.应用实例1
可以使用组成为Cl[p(B2+RD)93-stat-pEC7]且尺寸在厘米和分米范围内例如11.8cm×3.9cm×0.95em的预固化试样作为用于电机绕组的支承和固定材料。将试样插入具有略大于试样尺寸的尺寸例如12cm×4cm×1cm的腔中。随后,施加热,并且试样由于开环聚合而在体积上膨胀。由于体积膨胀,试样与腔的壁发生精确的几何对准,由于在试样与腔的壁之间未形成裂纹或空隙,因此这提供了优异的稳定性和另外地优异的绝缘特性。
4.2.应用实例2
可以使用呈例如成品条、棒、圆柱体或间隔件形式的组成为Cl[p(B2+RD)86-stat-pPC14]且尺寸在毫米、厘米或米范围内的预固化试样作为电气设备的高压绕组绝缘屏障体系中的支承和固定材料,其为对液体或气体绝缘的。将该试样与其他常规绝缘材料插入绝缘屏障体系中。随后,在干燥过程期间施加热,并且试样由于开环聚合而在体积上膨胀。由于体积膨胀,试样与周围材料发生精确的几何对准并且补偿那些材料的收缩公差和组装公差,这提供了优异的稳定性以及另外地优异的绝缘特性和例如绕组或层合电磁材料的形状配合支承。
Claims (21)
其中R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物或苯并嗪,并且R2能够与R3连接以在所述苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3能够与R4连接以在所述苯环上形成环状取代基,条件是R2、R3和/或R4包含至少一个不饱和键;以及
R7为任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基和叠氮化物,条件是R7包含至少一个硫醇基。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物,特征在于所述环状碳酸酯为碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸亚丙酯。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物,特征在于所述组合物另外包含至少一种反应性稀释剂。
12.一种根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物的聚合产物。
其中
R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物或苯并嗪,并且R2能够与R3连接以在所述苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3能够与R4连接以在所述苯环上形成环状取代基;
R5和R6各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经卤素、烯基、杂烷基和羟基取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基;
m为10至10000的整数;
n为10至6700的整数;
o为0至1000的整数。
其中
R2、R3和R4各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烯基或炔基、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基、叠氮化物或苯并嗪,并且R2能够与R3连接以在所述苯环上形成环状取代基或者R3能够与R4连接以在所述苯环上形成环状取代基,条件是R2、R3和/或R4包含至少一个不饱和键;
R7为任选地经以下取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基:卤素、烷芳基、杂烷基、杂芳基、羟基、二硫化物、磺酸酯/盐、醚基、硫醚基、酯基、羧酸基、胺基、酰胺基和叠氮化物,条件是R7包含至少一个硫醇基;
R5和R6各自独立地为H;CH3;任选地经卤素、烯基、杂烷基和羟基取代的C2至C15直链、支化或环状烷基;
m为10至10000的整数;
n为10至6700的整数;
o为0至1000的整数。
15.一种密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物,包含根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物。
16.一种用于制造聚合产物的方法,包括将根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物加热至足以引发共聚反应的温度的步骤。
18.一种根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可膨胀、可聚合组合物作为密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物的用途/在密封剂、粘合剂、涂料、粘结剂或牙科填充物中的用途。
20.一种根据权利要求19所述的预固化、可膨胀、可聚合组合物作为用于填充装置中的空间的可膨胀填充元件的用途,其中所述预固化、可膨胀组合物具有预定形式,并且其中所述预固化、可膨胀组合物在热刺激时的共聚期间显示出体积膨胀。
21.根据权利要求20所述的预固化、可膨胀、可聚合组合物作为用于电机绕组的支承和固定元件或者作为用于电气设备的绕组绝缘屏障的用途。
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