CN113507208B - Polyphase series capacitor DC-DC converter and control method - Google Patents
Polyphase series capacitor DC-DC converter and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本公开涉及电子技术领域,尤其涉及一种多相串联电容直流-直流转换器、控制方法。The present disclosure relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular, to a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter and a control method.
背景技术Background technique
现有的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器通常针对控制环路进行优化,来提高负载瞬态响应速度,但负载瞬态响应速度仍受限于电感电流的上升斜率。传统的瞬态增强技术通过提高开关频率来提高电感电流上升斜率,然而开关频率的提高进一步压缩了功率管导通时间,对控制、驱动电路的设计提出极高挑战;开关频率的提高大幅增加了功率管的开关损耗,恶化了转换效率。为避免多相功率管导通时间发生交叠,功率管控制信号需保持360°/N的固定相位差,无法利用N相电感电流同时为负载充电,负载瞬态响应速度提升受限。Existing multiphase series capacitor DC-DC converters are usually optimized for the control loop to improve the load transient response speed, but the load transient response speed is still limited by the rising slope of the inductor current. The traditional transient enhancement technology improves the rising slope of the inductor current by increasing the switching frequency. However, the increase in the switching frequency further compresses the on-time of the power tube, which poses a very high challenge to the design of the control and drive circuits; the increase in the switching frequency greatly increases. The switching loss of the power tube deteriorates the conversion efficiency. In order to avoid the overlap of the on-time of the multi-phase power tubes, the control signals of the power tubes need to maintain a fixed phase difference of 360°/N. The N-phase inductor current cannot be used to charge the load at the same time, and the load transient response speed is limited.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
鉴于上述问题,本发明提供了一种多相串联电容直流-直流转换器、控制方法,以至少部分解决上述技术问题。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter and a control method to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
本公开的一个方面提供了一种多相串联电容直流-直流转换器,其特征在于,包括:功率级电路,用于将输入直流电压转换为负载所需的稳定直流电压,其中,所述功率级电路至少包括两相电感,各相电感电流之间存在预设间隔的相位差,用于依次交替的对负载进行充电,各相邻的两相电感之间均设有双向开关,当所述双向开关导通时,对应的两相电感同时对所述负载进行充电;负载瞬态响应电路,用于当发生负载瞬态正向跳变时,控制至少一个所述双向开关导通,使至少两相电感同时对所述负载充电,以快速响应所述负载的瞬态变化。One aspect of the present disclosure provides a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter, characterized by comprising: a power stage circuit for converting an input DC voltage into a stable DC voltage required by a load, wherein the power The stage circuit includes at least two-phase inductors, and there is a preset interval phase difference between the inductor currents of each phase, which is used to charge the load alternately in turn, and a bidirectional switch is provided between each adjacent two-phase inductors. When the bidirectional switch is turned on, the corresponding two-phase inductance simultaneously charges the load; the load transient response circuit is used to control at least one of the bidirectional switches to be turned on when a load transient forward jump occurs, so that at least one of the bidirectional switches is turned on. The two-phase inductance simultaneously charges the load to quickly respond to transient changes in the load.
可选地,所述负载瞬态响应电路包括:误差放大器,用于计算所述功率级电路的输出电压与参考电压之间的误差,得到误差信号;瞬态检测电路,用于根据所述误差信号判断所述负载是否发生瞬态正向跳变;瞬态增强逻辑电路,用于当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,产生控制所述双向开关导通的控制信号;驱动电路,用于根据所述控制信号控制至少一个所述双向开关导通。Optionally, the load transient response circuit includes: an error amplifier for calculating an error between the output voltage of the power stage circuit and a reference voltage to obtain an error signal; a transient detection circuit for calculating the error according to the error The signal judges whether a transient forward jump occurs in the load; the transient enhancement logic circuit is used to generate a control signal for controlling the conduction of the bidirectional switch when the detected load has a transient forward jump; the drive circuit uses and controlling at least one of the bidirectional switches to be turned on according to the control signal.
可选地,当发生负载瞬态正向跳变,至少一个所述双向开关导通后,与导通的所述双向开关连接的两相所述电感并联。Optionally, when a load transient forward jump occurs, after at least one of the bidirectional switches is turned on, the two-phase inductors connected to the turned on bidirectional switches are connected in parallel.
可选地,所述负载瞬态响应电路还包括:导通时间产生电路,用于根据所述误差信号产生各相电感所在电路的功率管的控制信号,各所述控制信号分别用于控制各相电感所在电路导通,以使各相所述电感依次交替的对所述负载充电;所述驱动电路还用于,当未发生负载瞬态正向跳变时,根据各相所述控制信号,控制设于各相所述电感所在电路上的功率开关,使各相所述电感依次交替的对所述负载进行充电。Optionally, the load transient response circuit further includes: an on-time generation circuit for generating control signals for the power tubes of the circuits where the inductances of each phase are located according to the error signals, and each of the control signals is used to control each The circuit where the phase inductance is located is turned on, so that the inductances of each phase alternately charge the load; the drive circuit is also used for, when no transient forward jump of the load occurs, according to the control signal of each phase , controlling the power switch arranged on the circuit where the inductors of each phase are located, so that the inductors of each phase alternately charge the load.
可选地,所述功率级电路其中至少一相电感所在子电路包括:功率开关AH、功率开关AL和一个滤波电感Lb,依次连接;与所述电感相邻的另外至少一相电感所在子电路包括:功率开关BH、电容CF、功率开关BL和一个滤波电感La,依次连接;其中,所述功率开关AH和电容CF的输入端均与功率开关BH连接,所述功率开关BH、AH分别用于控制对应的所述子电路的电压输入;所述滤波电感Lb和滤波电感La的输出端均与所述功率级电路的输出端口连接;所述滤波电感Lb和滤波电感La的输入端口之间设有所述双向开关;所述功率级电路的输出端口还设有一接地的滤波电容C。Optionally, the sub-circuit where the inductor of at least one phase is located in the power stage circuit includes: a power switch AH, a power switch AL and a filter inductor L b , which are connected in sequence; the sub-circuit where the inductor of another at least one phase adjacent to the inductor is located. The circuit includes: a power switch BH, a capacitor CF , a power switch BL and a filter inductor La, which are connected in sequence; wherein, the input ends of the power switch AH and the capacitor CF are both connected to the power switch BH, and the power switch BH , AH are respectively used to control the voltage input of the corresponding sub-circuits; the output ends of the filter inductance L b and the filter inductance L a are connected to the output port of the power stage circuit; the filter inductance L b and the filter The bidirectional switch is provided between the input ports of the inductor La ; the output port of the power stage circuit is also provided with a grounded filter capacitor C.
可选地,当发生负载瞬态正向跳变后,所述驱动电路还用于,将与导通的至少一个所述双向开关相连的两相子电路上的所述功率开关BL、功率开关AH、功率开关AL关闭,并驱动所述功率开关BH产生响应负载瞬态正向跳变的电压输入脉冲。Optionally, after a load transient forward jump occurs, the drive circuit is further configured to connect the power switch BL, the power switch BL, the power switch on the two-phase sub-circuit connected to at least one of the two-way switches that are turned on. AH and the power switch AL are closed, and the power switch BH is driven to generate a voltage input pulse in response to the load transient forward jump.
本公开另一方面提供了一种控制方法,应用于如第一方面所述的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器,包括:当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,控制功率级电路中至少两相相邻的电感之间的双向开关导通,使所述至少两相相邻的电感同时对所述负载进行充电,以快速响应所述负载的瞬态变化。Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a control method, which is applied to the multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter according to the first aspect, comprising: when a transient forward jump of a load is detected, controlling a power stage circuit The bidirectional switches between at least two adjacent inductors are turned on, so that the at least two adjacent inductors charge the load at the same time, so as to quickly respond to the transient change of the load.
可选地,还包括:当所述负载正常工作时,控制所述双向开关断开,以及,控制各相所述电感依次交替的对负载进行充电。Optionally, the method further includes: when the load is working normally, controlling the bidirectional switch to be turned off, and controlling the inductance of each phase to charge the load alternately in turn.
可选地,当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,还包括:将所述功率级电路中与导通的至少一个所述双向开关相连的两相子电路上的功率开关BL、功率开关AH、功率开关AL关闭,并驱动功率开关BH产生响应负载瞬态正向跳变的电压输入脉冲。Optionally, when detecting that a transient forward jump occurs in the load, the method further includes: connecting the power switch BL and the power switch on the two-phase sub-circuit connected to at least one of the two-way switches that are turned on in the power stage circuit. AH, the power switch AL are closed, and the power switch BH is driven to generate a voltage input pulse in response to the load transient forward jump.
可选地,所述当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,控制功率级电路中至少两相相邻的电感之间的双向开关导通包括:计算所述功率级电路的输出电压与参考电压之间的误差,得到误差信号;根据所述误差信号判断所述负载是否发生瞬态正向跳变;当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,产生控制所述双向开关导通的控制信号;根据所述控制信号控制至少一个所述双向开关导通。Optionally, the controlling the conduction of bidirectional switches between at least two adjacent inductors in the power stage circuit when a transient forward jump occurs in the detected load includes: calculating the output voltage of the power stage circuit and the reference The error between the voltages is obtained to obtain an error signal; according to the error signal, it is judged whether the load has a transient forward jump; when the detected load has a transient forward jump, a control to control the conduction of the bidirectional switch is generated. signal; controlling at least one of the bidirectional switches to conduct according to the control signal.
在本公开实施例采用的上述至少一个技术方案能够达到以下有益效果:The above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve the following beneficial effects:
本公开提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器及其控制方法,在负载发生瞬态跳变时,解除至少两相结构的相位交错时钟,消除相位交错的延时时间,利用至少两相电感同时为负载充电,电感电流上升斜率扩大至少一倍,大幅提高负载瞬态响应速度。The multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter and the control method thereof provided by the present disclosure can release the phase interleaving clock of at least two-phase structure, eliminate the delay time of phase interleaving, and utilize at least two-phase inductance when the load transiently jumps. At the same time, the load is charged, and the rising slope of the inductor current is at least doubled, which greatly improves the load transient response speed.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更完整地理解本公开及其优势,现在将参考结合附图的以下描述,其中:For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference will now be made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1示意性示出了传统两相串联电容直流-直流转换器的电路示意图;FIG. 1 schematically shows a circuit diagram of a conventional two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter;
图2示意性示出了传统两相串联电容直流-直流转换器的负载瞬态跳变响应曲线图;FIG. 2 schematically shows a load transient jump response curve diagram of a conventional two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter;
图3示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的电路示意图;FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic circuit diagram of a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图4示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的功率级电路在负载瞬态跳变时的工作示意图;FIG. 4 schematically shows a working schematic diagram of the power stage circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure when the load is transiently jumped;
图5示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的信号示意图;FIG. 5 schematically shows a signal schematic diagram of a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图6示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的负载瞬态跳变响应曲线图;FIG. 6 schematically shows a load transient jump response curve diagram of a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图7示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器功率级电路的拓扑结构示意图;FIG. 7 schematically shows a schematic topology diagram of a power stage circuit of a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图8示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的一种多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的控制方法的流程图。FIG. 8 schematically shows a flowchart of a control method for a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下,将参照附图来描述本公开的实施例。但是应该理解,这些描述只是示例性的,而并非要限制本公开的范围。在下面的详细描述中,为便于解释,阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开实施例的全面理解。然而,明显地,一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。此外,在以下说明中,省略了对公知结构和技术的描述,以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that these descriptions are exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for convenience of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Also, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure.
在此使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例,而并非意在限制本公开。在此使用的术语“包括”、“包含”等表明了所述特征、步骤、操作和/或部件的存在,但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作或部件。The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprising", "comprising" and the like as used herein indicate the presence of stated features, steps, operations and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.
在此使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有本领域技术人员通常所理解的含义,除非另外定义。应注意,这里使用的术语应解释为具有与本说明书的上下文相一致的含义,而不应以理想化或过于刻板的方式来解释。All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly rigid manner.
对于传统的Buck直流-直流转换器,电感电流的斜率m与纹波ΔiL可以表示为:For a conventional Buck DC-DC converter, the inductor current slope m and ripple Δi L can be expressed as:
m=(Vin-Vout)/L (1)m=(V in -V out )/L (1)
ΔiL=m×DT (2)Δi L = m×DT (2)
Vin是转换器输入电压,Vout是转换器输出电压,L是电感值,D代表功率管控制信号的占空比,D=Vout/Vin,D<1,T是转换器的开关周期,DT表示每周期功率管的导通时间。由公式(1),电感电流斜率与电感值成反比。电感电流斜率代表负载发生瞬态跳变时电感对负载充电的电流能力,斜率越大,对负载的充电电流越大,输出电压的恢复速度越快,电压跌落越小,负载瞬态响应速度越高。由公式(2),负载发生瞬态跳变时,占空比D越大,单周期内对负载电容的充电时间DT越长,输出电压的恢复速度越快,负载瞬态响应速度越高。V in is the input voltage of the converter, V out is the output voltage of the converter, L is the inductance value, D is the duty cycle of the power tube control signal, D=V out /V in , D<1, T is the switch of the converter cycle, DT represents the conduction time of the power tube per cycle. From equation (1), the inductor current slope is inversely proportional to the inductor value. The inductor current slope represents the current capability of the inductor to charge the load when the load transiently jumps. The greater the slope, the greater the charging current to the load, the faster the recovery speed of the output voltage, the smaller the voltage drop, and the faster the load transient response. high. According to formula (2), when the load transient jumps, the larger the duty cycle D, the longer the charging time DT of the load capacitor in a single cycle, the faster the recovery speed of the output voltage, and the higher the load transient response speed.
图1示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的传统两相串联电容直流-直流转换器的电路示意图。FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
如图1所示,对于两相串联电容直流-直流转换器,提高负载瞬态响应速度最直接的方法便是提高转换器的开关频率,在保持电感电流纹波不变的前提下,选取更小的滤波电感值,提高电感电流的上升斜率。As shown in Figure 1, for a two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter, the most direct way to improve the load transient response speed is to increase the switching frequency of the converter. A small filter inductance value increases the rising slope of the inductor current.
如图1所示,对于传统的两相串联电容直流-直流转换器,La、Lb与C为滤波电感、电容,BH、BL、AH和AL是功率开关,开关节点SW1、SW2和SW3的等效寄生电容分别为Coss1、Coss2和Coss3。在大转换比的应用环境下,电源电压较高,功率开关常采用LDMOSFET(Laterally-Diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor,横向扩散金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管),导致开关节点SW1、SW2和SW3的寄生电容Coss1、Coss2和Coss3容值较大。当BH与BL、AH与AL开关切换时,在电容Coss1、Coss2和Coss3上的电荷被放电而浪费,能量损失可达Coss1Vin 2fs+Coss2Vin 2fs+Coss3Vin 2fs,因此更高的开关频率带来更大的开关损耗,严重降低能量转换效率。As shown in Figure 1, for a traditional two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter, La , Lb , and C are filter inductors and capacitors, BH, BL, AH, and AL are power switches, and switch nodes SW1, SW2, and SW3 The equivalent parasitic capacitances are C oss1 , C oss2 and C oss3 , respectively. In the application environment of large conversion ratio, the power supply voltage is higher, and the power switch often adopts LDMOSFET (Laterally-Diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, Laterally Diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), resulting in switching nodes SW1, SW2 and SW3 The parasitic capacitances C oss1 , C oss2 and C oss3 are larger. When the BH and BL, AH and AL switches are switched, the charges on the capacitors C oss1 , C oss2 and C oss3 are discharged and wasted, and the energy loss can reach C oss1 V in 2 f s +C oss2 V in 2 f s + C oss3 V in 2 f s , so higher switching frequency brings greater switching loss, seriously reducing the energy conversion efficiency.
图2示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的传统两相串联电容直流-直流转换器的负载瞬态跳变响应曲线图。FIG. 2 schematically shows a load transient jump response curve diagram of a conventional two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
如图2所示,对于两相串联电容直流-直流转换器,由于两相结构固有的180°相位差,两相电感无法同时对负载进行充电,因此负载瞬态响应速度存在可优化的空间。As shown in Figure 2, for a two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter, due to the inherent 180° phase difference of the two-phase structure, the two-phase inductors cannot charge the load at the same time, so there is room for optimization of the load transient response speed.
本公开实施例提供了一种具备快速负载瞬态响应的直流-直流转换器,在不提高开关频率的前提下,实现快速负载瞬态响应,电路简单,降低成本;同时该电路可应用在多相串联电容直流-直流转换器拓扑结构中,具备可拓展性。The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a DC-DC converter with fast load transient response, which can achieve fast load transient response without increasing the switching frequency, the circuit is simple, and the cost is reduced; at the same time, the circuit can be applied to many It is scalable in the phase-series capacitor DC-DC converter topology.
图3示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的电路示意图。FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic circuit diagram of a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
需要说明的是,本公开提供的是一种多相串联电容直流-直流转换器,为了便于说明,图3仅示出了两相多相串联电容直流-直流转换器。It should be noted that the present disclosure provides a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter. For convenience of description, FIG. 3 only shows a two-phase multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter.
如图3所示,该直流-直流转换器包括功率级电路210和负载瞬态响应电路220两部分。As shown in FIG. 3 , the DC-DC converter includes two parts, a
功率级电路210,用于将输入直流电压转换为带有纹波的稳定输出直流电压,其中,所述功率级电路210至少包括两相电感,各相电感电流之间存在预设间隔的相位差,用于依次交替的对负载进行充电,例如,当该功率级电路210仅包括两相电感时,各相电感电流之间的相位相差180°,该功率级电路210包括三相电感时,各相电感电流之间的相位相差120°。各相邻的两相电感之间均设有双向开关Stran,当所述双向开关Stran导通时,与导通的该双向开关Stran连接的两相所述电感并联,对应的两相电感同时对所述负载进行充电。The
负载瞬态响应电路220,用于当发生负载瞬态正向跳变时,控制至少一个所述双向开关Stran导通,使至少两相电感同时对所述负载充电,以快速响应所述负载的瞬态变化。The load
如图3所示,该功率级电路210由四个功率开关AH、AL、BH和BL,一个飞电容CF与两个滤波电感La和Lb组成。特别的,该电路还包括并接在两个开关节点SW1、SW2间的一个双向开关Stran。该双向开关Strah可以由两个N型LDMOSFET源端相连的方式连接在一起。当其栅源电压为高电平,两开关均开启,此时两开关均处于导通状态;当其栅源电压为低电平时,两开关均关断,其至少有一个N型LDMOSFET的体二极管处于反偏,可以保证双向开关Stran处于关断状态,此处对双向开关Stran的开关类型不加以限制。As shown in FIG. 3 , the
具体的,功率级电路其中至少一相电感所在子电路包括:功率开关AH、功率开关AL和一个滤波电感Lb,依次连接;与所述电感相邻的另外至少一相电感所在子电路包括:功率开关BH、电容CF、功率开关BL和一个滤波电感La,依次连接;其中,所述功率开关AH和电容CF的输入端均与功率开关BH连接,所述功率开关BH、AH分别用于控制对应的所述子电路的电压输入;所述滤波电感Lb和滤波电感La的输出端均与所述功率级电路的输出端口连接;所述滤波电感Lb和滤波电感La的输入端口之间设有所述双向开关Stran;所述功率级电路的输出端口还设有一接地的滤波电容C。Specifically, the sub-circuit where the inductor of at least one phase of the power stage circuit is located includes: a power switch AH, a power switch AL and a filter inductor L b , which are connected in sequence; the sub-circuit where the inductor of another at least one phase adjacent to the inductor is located includes: The power switch BH, the capacitor CF , the power switch BL and a filter inductor La are connected in sequence; wherein, the input ends of the power switch AH and the capacitor CF are both connected to the power switch BH, and the power switches BH and AH are respectively Used to control the voltage input of the corresponding sub-circuit; the output terminals of the filter inductor L b and the filter inductor L a are connected to the output port of the power stage circuit; the filter inductor L b and the filter inductor L a The bidirectional switch S tran is arranged between the input ports of the power stage circuit; a grounded filter capacitor C is also arranged at the output port of the power stage circuit.
该双向开关Stran用于实现在负载发生瞬态跳变时将两相开关节点短路,解除两相交错时钟,利用两相电感电流同步对负载充电,具体负载瞬态跳变响应曲线如图6所示。The bidirectional switch S tran is used to short-circuit the two-phase switch nodes when the load transiently jumps, release the two-phase interleaved clock, and use the two-phase inductor current to charge the load synchronously. The specific load transient jump response curve is shown in Figure 6 shown.
如图3所示,负载瞬态响应电路220包括:误差放大器221,导通时间产生电路222,瞬态检测电路223,瞬态增强逻辑电路224,驱动电路225。As shown in FIG. 3 , the load
误差放大器221,用于计算所述功率级电路的输出电压VFB与参考电压VREF之间的误差,得到误差信号VEA。The error amplifier 221 is used to calculate the error between the output voltage V FB of the power stage circuit and the reference voltage V REF to obtain the error signal V EA .
导通时间产生电路222,用于根据所述误差信号VEA产生各相电感所在电路的高边功率管的控制信号,各所述控制信号分别用于控制各相电感所在电路导通,以使各相所述电感依次交替的对所述负载充电。The conduction
瞬态检测电路223,用于根据所述误差信号VEA判断所述负载是否发生瞬态正向跳变。具体的,当误差信号VEA大于预设信号VL时,判断负载发生瞬态正向跳变。其中,当判断负载发生瞬态正向跳变,输出瞬态检测信号Tran_Detected为高电平,否则输出为低电平。当瞬态检测信号为高电平,触发内置的单稳态电路,保证在额定时间内不可再次触发该信号。The
瞬态增强逻辑电路224,用于当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,产生控制所述双向开关导通的控制信号。The transient
驱动电路225,用于根据所述控制信号控制至少一个所述双向开关导通。The driving
当发生负载瞬态正向跳变后,所述驱动电路225还用于,将与导通的至少一个所述双向开关Stran相连的两相子电路上的所述功率开关BL、功率开关AH、功率开关AL关闭,并驱动所述功率开关BH产生响应负载瞬态正向跳变的电压输入脉冲。After a load transient forward jump occurs, the
当未发生负载瞬态正向跳变时,驱动电路225还用于根据各相电感所在电路的功率管的控制信号,控制设于各相所述电感所在电路上的功率开关的导通和断开,即控制各项电感所在电路上的功率开关的导通时间,使各相所述电感依次交替的对所述负载进行充电。When the load transient forward jump does not occur, the driving
在本公开实施例中,确保在检测到负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,关闭第一相的功率管BL及第二相的功率管AH、AL,产生解除两相交错时钟的Stran控制信号。In the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is ensured that when a transient forward jump of the load is detected, the power transistor BL of the first phase and the power transistors AH and AL of the second phase are turned off, so as to generate a Stran control that releases the two-phase interleaved clock. Signal.
此外,驱动电路225还用于当未发生负载瞬态正向跳变时,通过控制设于各相所述电感所在电路上的功率开关,使各相所述电感依次交替的对所述负载进行充电。In addition, the driving
图4示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的功率级电路在负载瞬态跳变响应时的工作示意图;图5示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的信号示意图;图6示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的负载瞬态跳变响应曲线图。FIG. 4 schematically shows the working schematic diagram of the power stage circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure when the load transient jumps response; FIG. 5 schematically shows the multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. The signal schematic diagram of ; FIG. 6 schematically shows the load transient jump response curve diagram of the multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
参考图4、图5、图6,其中,图4灰色部分代表功率管关闭,图5的BH、BL、AH、AL对应图6中相应功率管的栅端控制信号,Stran代表双向开关Stran的控制信号,当瞬态检测信号Tran_Detected为高电平,使第一相功率管BH的控制信号SBH与双向开关Stran的控制信号Tran_EN为高电平,第二相的控制信号SAH为低电平,经过驱动电路分别得到各相功率管的栅端控制信号及基于Tran_EN信号的双向开关Stran栅端控制信号,关闭功率管AH、AL和BL,打开功率管BH和双相开关Stran。参考图6,双向开关Stran导通,利用两相电感同时对负载充电,消除既有的两相交错时钟带来的延时,加快负载瞬态响应速度,参考图5,第一相功率管BH响应于控制信号SBH延长导通时间,以响应负载瞬态变化,为负载提供相应的能量。Referring to Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6, the gray part in Figure 4 represents the power tube is turned off, BH, BL, AH, and AL in Figure 5 correspond to the gate terminal control signals of the corresponding power tube in Figure 6, and S tran represents the bidirectional switch S The control signal of tran , when the transient detection signal Tran_Detected is high, the control signal SBH of the first phase power tube BH and the control signal Tran_EN of the bidirectional switch S tran are high, and the control signal SAH of the second phase is low. level, the gate terminal control signal of each phase power tube and the gate terminal control signal of the bidirectional switch S tran based on the Tran_EN signal are obtained respectively through the driving circuit, the power tubes AH, AL and BL are turned off, and the power tubes BH and the two-phase switch S tran are turned on. . Referring to Figure 6, the bidirectional switch S tran is turned on, and the two-phase inductance is used to charge the load at the same time, eliminating the delay caused by the existing two-phase interleaved clock, and speeding up the load transient response speed. Referring to Figure 5, the first-phase power transistor BH prolongs the on-time in response to the control signal SBH to provide corresponding energy to the load in response to the transient change of the load.
在本公开实施例中,在瞬态正向跳变期间,两相电感可以同时为负载电容充电,等效为两相电感并联,电感电流上升斜率为公式(3):In the embodiment of the present disclosure, during the transient forward jump period, the two-phase inductors can simultaneously charge the load capacitance, which is equivalent to two-phase inductors being connected in parallel, and the inductor current rising slope is formula (3):
其中D为稳态下功率管BH的占空比。Among them, D is the duty cycle of the power tube BH in steady state.
而传统的两相串联电容直流-直流转换器,在负载发生瞬态正向跳变期间,电感电流上升斜率为公式(4):In the traditional two-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter, during the transient forward jump of the load, the rising slope of the inductor current is equation (4):
由式(3)和(4)可知,本公开提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器在负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,解除两相交错时钟,利用两相电感同时对负载充电,电感电流上升斜率扩大一倍,具备快速负载瞬态响应能力。相应的,当该转换器为N相串联电容式直流-直流转换器时,负载发生瞬态跳变时,可利用N相电感同时为负载充电,使电感电流上升斜率扩大N倍,具备快速负载瞬态响应能力,应用范围广,具备可拓展性。It can be seen from equations (3) and (4) that the multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by the present disclosure releases the two-phase interleaved clock when the load has a transient forward jump, and uses the two-phase inductance to charge the load at the same time. The inductor current rising slope is doubled for fast load transient response. Correspondingly, when the converter is an N-phase series capacitive DC-DC converter, when a transient jump occurs in the load, the N-phase inductor can be used to charge the load at the same time, so that the rising slope of the inductor current is increased by N times, and it has a fast load. Transient response capability, wide application range and scalability.
图7示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的功率级电路的拓扑结构的示意图。FIG. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a power stage circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
如图7所示,本公开实施例还提供了功率级电路的多种拓扑结构,其中,(1)示出了一种多相串联电容拓扑结构,(2)示意性示出了一种串联电容+3-level混合拓扑结构,(3)示意性示出了一种简化版多相串联电容拓扑结构,(4)示意性示出了一种双电感混合型Dickson拓扑结构。本实施例提供的功率级电路的拓扑结构并不仅限于图7所示的几种结构,但均能实现通过闭合双向开关使多相电感同时给负载充电以快速相应负载瞬态变化。As shown in FIG. 7 , the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide various topology structures of the power stage circuit, wherein (1) a multi-phase series capacitor topology is shown, and (2) a series capacitor topology is schematically shown Capacitor+3-level hybrid topology, (3) schematically shows a simplified version of a polyphase series capacitor topology, (4) schematically shows a dual-inductor hybrid Dickson topology. The topological structure of the power stage circuit provided in this embodiment is not limited to the structures shown in FIG. 7 , but all of them can realize the simultaneous charging of the multi-phase inductance to the load by closing the bidirectional switch to quickly respond to the transient change of the load.
本公开提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器,其拓扑结构可为升压式、降压式多相串联电容功率级电路,当功率级电路为图7中(5)所示的升压式多相串联电容拓扑结构,本公开提供的多相串联电容直流-直流转换器在负载发生瞬态负向跳变,解除多相交错时钟,利用多相电感同时对负载放电,电感电流下降斜率扩大一倍,具备快速负载瞬态响应能力。The topology of the multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by the present disclosure can be a step-up or step-down multi-phase series capacitor power stage circuit. When the power stage circuit is the step-up circuit shown in FIG. 7 (5) The multi-phase series capacitor topology structure, the multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by the present disclosure has a transient negative jump in the load, the multi-phase interleaved clock is released, and the multi-phase inductor is used to discharge the load at the same time, and the slope of the inductor current decreases. Double the size, with fast load transient response capability.
图8示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的一种多相串联电容直流-直流转换器的控制方法的流程图。FIG. 8 schematically shows a flowchart of a control method for a multi-phase series capacitor DC-DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
如图8所示,该控制方法包括S810。As shown in FIG. 8 , the control method includes S810.
S810,当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,控制功率级电路中至少两相相邻的电感之间的双向开关导通,使所述至少两相相邻的电感同时对所述负载进行充电,以快速响应所述负载的瞬态变化。S810, when a transient forward jump occurs in the detected load, control the bidirectional switch between at least two adjacent inductors in the power stage circuit to be turned on, so that the at least two adjacent inductors simultaneously perform the load on the load. charge to quickly respond to transient changes in the load.
在本公开实施例中,响应于负载瞬态正向跳变,可以控制如图3所示的转换器的功率电路中的至少一个双向开关闭合,使至少两相电感同时向负载充电,以至少提高一倍相应速度。In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in response to a transient forward jump of the load, at least one bidirectional switch in the power circuit of the converter shown in FIG. 3 may be controlled to be closed, so that at least two-phase inductors are simultaneously charged to the load, so as to at least Double the corresponding speed.
具体的,在S810中,当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,还包括:Specifically, in S810, when the transient forward jump of the detected load occurs, the method further includes:
S811,将所述功率级电路中与导通的至少一个所述双向开关相连的两相子电路上的功率开关BL、功率开关AH、功率开关AL关闭,并驱动功率开关BH产生响应负载瞬态正向跳变的电压输入脉冲。S811: Turn off the power switch BL, the power switch AH, and the power switch AL on the two-phase sub-circuit connected to at least one of the turned-on bidirectional switches in the power stage circuit, and drive the power switch BH to respond to a load transient Positive transition voltage input pulse.
在S810中,当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,控制功率级电路中至少两相相邻的电感之间的双向开关导通具体包括S812~S815。In S810, when it is detected that a transient forward jump occurs in the load, controlling the conduction of the bidirectional switches between at least two adjacent inductors in the power stage circuit specifically includes S812-S815.
S812,计算所述功率级电路的输出电压与参考电压之间的误差,得到误差信号。S812, calculate the error between the output voltage of the power stage circuit and the reference voltage to obtain an error signal.
S813,根据所述误差信号判断所述负载是否发生瞬态正向跳变。S813, according to the error signal, determine whether a transient forward jump occurs in the load.
当误差信号超过额定幅值VL,判断负载电流发生瞬态正向跳变,输出瞬态检测信号Tran_Detected为高电平,若误差信号没有超过额定幅值VL,判断负载电流没有发生瞬态正向跳变,输出瞬态检测信号Tran_Detected为低电平。When the error signal exceeds the rated amplitude VL, it is judged that the load current has a transient forward jump, and the output transient detection signal Tran_Detected is high level. If the error signal does not exceed the rated amplitude VL, it is judged that the load current has no transient forward transition. Transition, the output transient detection signal Tran_Detected is low level.
S814,当检测负载发生瞬态正向跳变时,产生控制所述双向开关导通的控制信号。S814, when it is detected that a transient forward jump occurs in the load, a control signal for controlling the conduction of the bidirectional switch is generated.
S815,根据所述控制信号控制至少一个所述双向开关导通。S815, control at least one of the bidirectional switches to be turned on according to the control signal.
当瞬态检测信号Tran_Detected为高电平,关闭第一相的功率管BL及第二相的两个功率管AH、AL,触发双向开关Stran导通,利用两相电感电流同时对负载充电,实现瞬态增强效果。When the transient detection signal Tran_Detected is at a high level, the power transistor BL of the first phase and the two power transistors AH and AL of the second phase are turned off, the bidirectional switch S tran is triggered to conduct, and the two-phase inductor current is used to charge the load at the same time. Achieve transient enhancement effects.
该方法还包括S820:The method also includes the S820:
S820,当所述负载正常工作时,控制所述双向开关断开,以及,控制各相所述电感依次交替的对负载进行充电。S820, when the load is working normally, control the bidirectional switch to turn off, and control the inductors of each phase to charge the load alternately in turn.
其中,当负载发生瞬态正向跳变,并恢复正常后,驱动电路225会控制双向开关断开,功率开关BL、功率开关BH、功率开关AH、功率开关AL由两相控制信号SBH和SAH控制按序导通,恢复各相所述电感电流的相位差,并依次交替的对负载进行充电。Among them, when the load has a transient forward jump and returns to normal, the
本领域技术人员可以理解,本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合或/或结合,即使这样的组合或结合没有明确记载于本公开中。特别地,在不脱离本公开精神和教导的情况下,本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合和/或结合。所有这些组合和/或结合均落入本公开的范围。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure are possible, even if such combinations or combinations are not expressly recited in the present disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments of the present disclosure and/or in the claims may be made without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or combinations fall within the scope of this disclosure.
尽管已经参照本公开的特定示例性实施例示出并描述了本公开,但是本领域技术人员应该理解,在不背离所附权利要求及其等同物限定的本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可以对本公开进行形式和细节上的多种改变。因此,本公开的范围不应该限于上述实施例,而是应该不仅由所附权利要求来进行确定,还由所附权利要求的等同物来进行限定。Although the present disclosure has been shown and described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, Various changes in form and detail have been made in the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, but should be determined not only by the appended claims, but also by their equivalents.
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CN110165892A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 上海南芯半导体科技有限公司 | A kind of mixing capacitor and inductor step-down conversion circuit and implementation method |
CN111245236A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-05 | 深圳市诚芯微科技有限公司 | Step-down DC-DC converter topological structure |
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