CN113478875A - 复合的热塑性层压材料的制作方法 - Google Patents
复合的热塑性层压材料的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113478875A CN113478875A CN202110699505.1A CN202110699505A CN113478875A CN 113478875 A CN113478875 A CN 113478875A CN 202110699505 A CN202110699505 A CN 202110699505A CN 113478875 A CN113478875 A CN 113478875A
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Abstract
本发明涉及复合的热塑性层压材料的制作方法。本发明提供了一种制作复合片材的方法和形成复合片材的方法。本发明提供的方法所制备的复合的热塑性层压材料相较于包含非织造材料和热塑性材料的复合材料和层压材料,在耐刮擦性、磨蚀品质、耐污染性、彩色亮度、耐气候性、附着性、粉化、开裂、外观、表面光洁度以及涂料或印刷接受性等方面具有显著的改善。
Description
本申请是2015年08月14日递交的PCT国际申请PCT/US2015/045398于2017年04月14日进入中国国家阶段的中国专利申请号为201580056199.2、发明名称为“复合的热塑性层压材料”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年8月15日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/037,766的优先权,所述美国临时申请的全部内容据此以引用的方式整体并入。
技术领域
本公开整体涉及包含热塑性材料的复合片材及其形成方法。
背景技术
包含非织造材料和热塑性材料的复合材料和层压材料具有各种应用。此类复合材料的外表面可具有缺陷。一些不期望的品质可包括差的耐刮擦性、差的磨蚀品质、差的耐污染性、差的彩色亮度、差的耐气候性、难以附着、粉化、开裂、不期望的外观、不均一的表面光洁度以及涂料或印刷接受性差。
改进这些缺陷中的一些缺陷的改进的复合片材和及其形成方法将是有利的。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,复合片材包括覆盖片、基底和粘附促进层。覆盖片具有覆盖片材。基底具有基底材料。粘附促进层设置在覆盖片与基底之间。朝向覆盖片设置的粘附促进层的第一侧与覆盖片材具有结合亲和力。朝向基底设置的粘附促进层的第二侧与基底材料具有结合亲和力。
在一些实施方案中,在第一侧处,粘附促进层与覆盖片材的结合亲和力大于与基底材料的结合亲和力,并且在第二侧处,粘附促进层与基底材料的结合亲和力大于与覆盖片材的结合亲和力。
在一些实施方案中,覆盖片材包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在一些实施方案中,覆盖片材包括双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在一些实施方案中,基底材料包括聚丙烯。
在一些实施方案中,粘附促进层包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯。
在一些实施方案中,粘附促进层包括乙烯丙烯酸甲酯。
在一些实施方案中,粘附促进层包括噁唑啉。
在一些实施方案中,噁唑啉设置在丙烯酸基树脂中。
在一些实施方案中,噁唑啉包括噁唑啉交联剂。
在一些实施方案中,噁唑啉交联剂与乙烯丙烯酸混合。
在一些实施方案中,粘附促进层的第二侧包括聚丙烯覆层。
在一些实施方案中,复合片材还包括聚氨酯粘附促进层。
在一些实施方案中,覆盖片设置在聚氨酯粘附促进层与基底之间。
在一些实施方案中,基底设置在聚氨酯粘附促进层与覆盖片之间。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯粘附促进层包括氨基甲酸酯预聚物。
在一些实施方案中,氨基甲酸酯预聚物在聚合物链的末端处包括异氰酸酯基或醇基。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯粘附促进层包括丙烯酸类聚合物,丙烯酸类聚合物含有丙烯酸。在另一实施方案中,形成复合片材的方法包括提供具有覆盖片材的覆盖片;提供具有基底材料的基底;提供设置在覆盖片与基底之间的粘附促进层;以及作为将覆盖片、基底和粘附促进层组合为层压材料的第一形成工艺的一部分,将第一温度和第一压力向覆盖片、基底施加第一时间段。朝向覆盖片设置的粘附促进层的第一侧与覆盖片材具有结合亲和力。朝向基底设置的粘附促进层的第二侧与基底材料具有结合亲和力。
在一些实施方案中,将第二温度和第二压力向层压材料施加第二时间段,其中与将第一温度和第一压力施加第一时间段向层压材料提供的能量相比,将第二温度和第二压力施加第二时间段向层压材料提供的能量较大。
在一些实施方案中,覆盖片材包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在一些实施方案中,粘附促进层包括选自由以下项组成的组的材料:乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯丙烯酸甲酯、噁唑啉、设置在丙烯酸基树脂中的噁唑啉、噁唑啉交联剂以及与乙烯丙烯酸混合的噁唑啉交联剂。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第一温度之前,粘附促进层的第二侧包括聚丙烯覆层。
在一些实施方案中,方法还包括提供设置的聚氨酯粘附促进层,其中覆盖片设置在聚氨酯粘附促进层与基底之间,或者基底设置在聚氨酯粘附促进层与覆盖片之间。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯粘附促进层包括选自由以下项组成的组的材料:氨基甲酸酯预聚物、在聚合物链的末端处包括异氰酸酯基或醇基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物、丙烯酸类聚合物以及包括丙烯酸的丙烯酸类聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第一温度之后,覆盖片、粘附促进层与基底之间的结合主要为物理结合。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第二温度之后,覆盖片、粘附促进层与基底之间的结合主要为共价结合。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第一温度之后,覆盖片、粘附促进层与基底之间的结合在进行ASTM D-3359带测试之后不足以保持粘附,并且在施加第二温度之后,覆盖片、粘附促进层与基底之间的结合在进行ASTM D-3359带测试之后足以保持粘附。
在另一实施方案中,提供复合片材,其包括:具有第一热塑性层材料的第一热塑性层;以及具有热塑性膜材料的支撑热塑性膜部件,其中支撑热塑性膜部件的熔点高于第一热塑性层的熔点,第一热塑性层与支撑热塑性膜部件相邻,并且第一热塑性层和支撑热塑性膜部件一起提供具有下述区域的层压材料,在区域,第一热塑性材料和热塑性膜材料互相混合。
在一些实施方案中,第一热塑性层材料在层压材料的第一侧处的浓度大于在层压材料的第二相反侧的浓度。
在一些实施方案中,第一热塑性层材料选自由以下项组成的组:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其组合以及其共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性膜材料选自由以下项组成的组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯砜、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、其组合以及其共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性膜材料包括多孔材料。
在一些实施方案中,第一热塑性材料设置在多孔材料的多孔路径中。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性膜材料包括孔材料。
在一些实施方案中,第一热塑性材料设置在孔材料的孔中。在一些实施方案中,复合片材还包括具有第二热塑性层材料的第二热塑性层,其中支撑热塑性膜部件设置在第一热塑性层与第二热塑性层之间。
在一些实施方案中,复合片材还包括具有覆盖片材的覆盖片层。
在一些实施方案中,复合片材还包括可操作用于降低通过复合片材的射频传输的金属材料。
在一些实施方案中,支撑热塑性膜部件结合到基底。
在一些实施方案中,复合片材还包括设置在基底与支撑热塑性膜部件之间的结合层。
在一些实施方案中,复合片材还包括结合到基底的与支撑热塑性膜相背对的一侧的一个或更多个背衬层。
在另一实施方案中,复合片材包括热塑性层和支撑热塑性膜部件。支撑热塑性膜部件的熔点高于第一热塑性层的熔点。第一热塑性层与支撑热塑性膜部件相邻。第一热塑性层和支撑热塑性膜部件一起提供具有下述区域的层压材料,在区域中,第一热塑性材料和热塑性膜材料互相混合。
在另一实施方案中,形成复合片材的方法包括作为将一个或更多个层组合为基体的第一形成工艺的一部分,将第一温度和第一压力施加第一时间段;使得基体冷却至较低温度;以及作为将基体和基底组合的第二形成工艺的一部分,将第二温度和第二压力施加第二时间段。与将第一温度和第一压力施加第一时间段向基体提供的能量相比,将第二温度和第二压力施加第二时间段向基体和基底提供的能量较大。
在一些实施方案中,基体的一个或更多个层还包括:热塑性层,其具有热塑性材料;以及支撑热塑性膜部件,其具有热塑性膜材料。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性层材料在基体的第一侧处的浓度大于在基体的第二相反侧的浓度。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性材料选自由以下项组成的组:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其组合以及其共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性膜材料选自由以下项组成的组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯砜、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、其组合以及其共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性膜材料包括多孔材料。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性材料设置在多孔材料的多孔路径中。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性膜材料包括孔材料。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性材料设置在孔材料的孔中。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第一温度和施加第二温度的步骤中,覆盖片包括在基体中。
在一些实施方案中,方法还包括设置在覆盖片与基体之间的粘附促进层。
在一些实施方案中,粘附促进层包括噁唑啉。
在一些实施方案中,基体包括聚丙烯并且覆盖片包括双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第一温度之后,覆盖片与基体之间的结合主要为物理结合。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第二温度之后,覆盖片与基体之间的结合主要为共价结合。
在一些实施方案中,在施加第一温度之后,覆盖片与基体之间的结合在进行ASTMD-3359带测试之后不足以保持粘附,并且在施加第二温度之后,覆盖片与基体之间的结合在进行ASTM D-3359带测试之后足以保持粘附。
附图说明
图1为包括热塑性部件和支撑部件的复合片材的剖视图。
图2为基体的剖视图。
图3为包括热塑性部件层和支撑热塑性膜部件层的复合片材的剖视图。
图4为基底和热塑性层的剖视图。
图5为包括热塑性部件层和支撑热塑性膜部件层的复合片材的剖视图。
图6为图5的复合片材的放大部分的剖视图。
图7为图5的示例性热塑性膜部件层的顶视图。
图8为根据一个实施方案的包括热塑性部件层和支撑热塑性微小孔膜部件层的复合片材的剖视图。
图9为不具有覆盖片的复合片材的剖视图。
图10为根据一个实施方案的包括热塑性部件层和支撑热塑性膜部件层以及结合层的复合片材的剖视图。
图11A为包括基体的复合片材的剖视图。
图11B为具有基底、粘附促进层和覆盖片的复合片材的剖视图。
图12为包括基体的复合片材的剖视图。
具体实施方式
描述了根据本公开的复合材料片及其相关形成方法的各个方面。然而,应当理解,以下解释仅是示例性地描述本公开的装置和方法。因此,在不背离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,涵盖任何数量的合理的和可预知的修改、改变和/或替代。
图1示出复合片材100,其包括覆盖片110、基体120和基底130。基体120包括热塑性部件122和支撑部件124。
覆盖片110可以为永久性的或可移除的并且还为任选的。覆盖片110可由以下项形成:BOPET(双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PA(聚酰胺-例如尼龙)、BOPA(双轴取向的聚酰胺)、丙烯酸树脂、聚氟乙烯膜(PVF)、BOPP(双轴取向的聚丙烯)、PP(聚丙烯)、PU(聚氨酯)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、任何上述的共聚物和/或组合(包括其取向的、非双轴取向的、双轴取向的和非取向的变型)、纤维素或合成纤维(例如纸,其也可为涂覆的)。在覆盖片110为可移除的实施方案中,覆盖片材可以为纤维素纤维或合成纤维(例如,纸,其也可为涂覆的)。覆盖片110可提供为膜并且具有覆层(或添加剂)已改善它与其他层的结合。示例性添加剂(或添加剂层)包括EVA(乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)、EMA(乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯)、MA(马来酸酐)、“BYNEL”(由DuPont制造的可共挤出型粘合剂树脂)、“ELVAX”(由DuPont制造的乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂)、EAA(乙烯丙烯酸)诸如DuPontMAA(甲基丙烯酸)、LLDPE(线型低密度聚乙烯)以及硅烷或本公开中关于覆盖片论述的任何其他添加剂或处理。覆盖片110还可包括颜料,具有光滑或不光滑外表面(或内表面,可移除的话)(例如顶部表面),可印刷有装饰性图案或徽标图案,或可含有抗微生物添加剂、金属添加剂、反光添加剂、磷光添加剂和/或其他装饰性添加剂、UV抑制剂、静态和/或RF耗散屏障(诸如金属添加剂、覆层或层(例如金属化))。
基底130可包含一种或多种热塑性材料诸如但不限于聚丙烯(PP)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚苯醚/氧化物(PPO)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯酸树脂、PU、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚甲醛(“POM”)或“乙缩醛”,或为DuPont产品)以及其共聚物,其可呈纤维、股线、挤出或颗粒形式。基底还可包含热固性材料诸如不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基酯、聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、硅酮、三聚氰胺、聚苯乙烯(例如具有所述热固性材料的内层或外层)。基底130还可包含非热塑性材料诸如棉花、木浆、人造丝、甘蔗渣、酚醛树脂、玄武岩、羊毛、玻璃纤维、亚麻、竹子、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺等,及其组合,还通常呈纤维、短纤维、织造物、缝合、颗粒、编织或连续的股线形式;例如用于增强目的等。基底130内的材料可以织造或非织造形式,或使用随机成网的纤维制成。在基底130为(或包括)非织造物的那些实施方案中,基底130可使用湿法成网、干法成网、点粘、纺粘、水刺、水刺的(spinlaced)、气流成网、针刺或熔喷工艺或热结合工艺或其组合制成。基底130可另选地包括双组分非织造物,所述双组分非织造物具有布置在幅材内的两种不同聚合物。优选的双组分非织造物为连续长丝纺粘型双组分非织造物。双组分非织造物可利用皮/芯构造,其中由一种树脂制成的芯长丝被具有不同树脂的皮完全环绕,或者还可以为单独的纤维。双组分非织造物的性能得益于皮材料和芯材料的特性(例如,强度、柔韧性、软化点和熔点等)。许多聚合物材料可用于双组分非织造物中,包括但不限于聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、玻璃纤维和聚乳酸以及本公开中论述的任何其他非织造化学。可接受的双组分非织造物的实例为具有聚丙烯或聚乙烯皮和聚酯芯的双组分非织造物。基底130可包括一种材料的单一层,或可由相同材料的多个层,或一种以上类型的材料的多个层形成。基底130可包含一种或多种添加剂,包括用作紫外(UV)抑制剂和热稳定剂的那些、使得基底耐火的那些,以及其他添加剂诸如颜料、湿润剂、抗微生物剂、亲水性试剂和疏水性试剂。基底130还可包含一种或多种添加剂,包括用作紫外(UV)抑制剂和热稳定剂的那些、使得复合片材100耐火的那些,以及其他各种添加剂诸如颜料、硅烷、改善耐污染性和可清洁性的添加剂(例如PTFE和其他含氟聚合物)、湿润剂、抗微生物剂、抗气体褪色剂(例如,耐化学性试剂)、亲水性试剂、疏水性试剂。在基底130的一部分或全部为挤出的那些实施方案中,基底130还可包含加工助剂以改善挤出表面均匀性。基底130还可包含以下添加剂中的一种或多种:可生物降解添加剂、耐油脂添加剂、抗氧化剂添加剂、增滑剂、最小化或消除静电的添加剂以及导电和/或半导电的颗粒或纤维。以上所述的作为基底130内的潜在组分的各种添加剂和组分的特性(例如,耐火性、UV抑制剂等)不限于基底130,而是还可作为热塑性部件为其一部分的复合片材100的一部分来描述。然而,基底130不限于这些添加剂。
用于产生基底130的材料可被布置为特定取向以得到基底130所期望的机械特性。例如,在基底130中利用纤维材料的那些实施方案中,可对纤维进行取向以提供所期望的刚度、抗冲击性、柔韧性等。在基底130包括多于一个的层的那些实施方案中,还可对不同层的内容物和取向进行选择和布置以增强机械特性;例如,热塑性材料增强基底130的抗冲击性、屈挠强度和/或抗拉强度,并且玻璃或其他增强纤维增强基底130的刚度。
基体120可附接至基底130的表面。基体120包括热塑性部件层122和织造或非织造支撑部件层124。支撑部件层124可具有高于热塑性部件层122的熔点温度的熔体温度。
热塑性部件122可基本上由具有低于支撑部件124材料的熔点的熔点的以下材料(及其共聚物)组成,但不限于所述以下材料(及其共聚物)的构型:聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚酰胺-酰亚胺(PAI)、离聚物(例如,Surlyn—其为具有聚酰胺的离聚物—等)、丙烯酸树脂、金属茂络合物(即一种热塑性材料类型)等。支撑部件124材料的较高熔点允许热塑性部件122在基体的初始形成过程中、在支撑部件124未熔融、软化或损坏的情况下熔融并且至少部分地迁移通过支撑部件124(并且在一些实施方案中还在基底130和基体120在升高的温度和压力工艺下彼此接合时迁移通过基底130并与基底130接触)。因此,热塑性部件122和支撑部件124的组合在一侧(例如,朝向覆盖片110)具有较高浓度的热塑性部件材料126并且在朝向基底130的相反侧处具有较高浓度的支撑部件材料128,如图2所示。因此,支撑部件124有助于相对于基底130限定基体120。需注意,某些聚合物可以多种不同的形式利用,并且共同地它们可具有宽泛的熔点范围。在一些情况下,可能使用具体热塑性材料的第一变型用于支撑部件124并且使用相同热塑性材料的第二变型用于热塑性部件122,前提条件是两种变型具有足够不同的熔点。热塑性部件122还可包含一种或多种添加剂,包括用作紫外(UV)抑制剂和热稳定剂的那些、使得复合片材100耐火的那些,以及其他各种添加剂诸如颜料、硅烷、改善耐污染性和可清洁性的添加剂(例如PTFE和其他含氟聚合物)、湿润剂、抗微生物剂、抗气体褪色剂(例如,耐化学性试剂)、亲水性试剂和疏水性试剂,或本公开中关于覆盖片论述的任何其他添加剂或处理。在热塑性部件122的一部分或全部为挤出的那些实施方案中,热塑性部件122还可包含加工助剂以改善挤出表面均匀性。热塑性部件122还可包含以下添加剂中的一种或多种:可生物降解添加剂、耐油脂添加剂、抗氧化剂添加剂、增滑剂、最小化或消除静电的添加剂以及导电和/或半导电的颗粒或纤维。以上所述的作为热塑性部件122内的潜在组分的各种添加剂和组分的特性(例如,耐火性、UV抑制剂等)不限于热塑性部件122,而是还可作为热塑性部件122为其一部分的复合片材100的一部分来描述。
热塑性部件122可作为覆层施加至支撑部件124。在复合片材100形成工艺(例如热压层合)之前,使热塑性部件122覆层初始驻留在支撑部件124的面向表面上,并且/或者可至少部分地渗透基底130。可使用挤出工艺或可操作用于以覆层形式施加热塑性部件122的任何其他已知工艺将覆层施加至支撑部件124。在挤出工艺的一个实例中,热塑性部件122和支撑部件124可在单道次挤出工艺中形成在一起。另选地,热塑性部件122可初始呈现出设置在支撑部件124的一侧上的片形式。一片或多片热塑性部件122可接合(例如层合)至支撑部件124以形成基体,并且随后基体120可附接至基底130。另选地,支撑部件124和一片或多片热塑性部件122可与基底130堆叠在一起,并且同时将它们全部接合在一起;例如在升高的温度和压力工艺中。在基体或复合片形成后,足够量的热塑性部件122驻留在基体120的外表面上以形成由热塑性部件122组成的基本不间断表面,并且一定量的热塑性部件122与基底130的面向支撑部件124的面向表面接触,如可在图1中看到的。应当理解,术语基本上的使用考虑了由于制造工艺的限制和组成部件材料的公差限制引起的一些杂质或不一致性的存在。
不管热塑性部件122的形式(覆层、片等)如何,其可呈现为单层或可包括多个独立层。在热塑性部件122包括多个不同的层(例如,多层挤出物或多层片等)的那些实施方案中,可对堆叠层内的特定层的材料和所述特定层的位置进行选择意增强本发明的复合片材100的一种或多种特性;例如热、光学、图形、阻隔、耐久性、表面外观和成本特性。例如,可对多层热塑性部件122进行选择以增强基体120的表面特性,并且因此增强复合片材100的表面特性。可对热塑性部件122层进行加工以使基体120(并且因此使复合片材100)具有平坦或有纹理的外表面(例如不光滑或浅凹的表面和/或包括三维图案的表面,和/或压印有图形图案的表面等)。类似地,热塑性部件122的材料可给予,或经修工给予基体120平坦非光滑外观或高度光滑外观,或处于两者之间的任何外观。热塑性部件122还可被构造成有利于符号或设计在基体120上的沉积(例如,可对热塑性部件122的外层特性进行选择以有利于印刷),或符号或设计在基体120内的沉积(例如,在基体120的表面上可见的次表层上的印刷)。可对表面特性进行选择以适合复合片材100的预期应用。在一些实施方案中,在独立层之间还可包括可操作用于确保所述独立层之间的粘附的一种或多种结合材料。结合层还可用于改善对支撑部件124以及另一侧(如果使用覆盖片110)的结合。
对覆盖片110、热塑性部件层122和基底130的先前描述适用于下文描述的实施方案。
优选的是减少或消除热塑性部件层122的表面缺陷。热塑性层122的一个潜在来源为支撑部件层124。例如,支撑部件层124可导致空气截留诸如空隙或气阱,所述空气截留可致使在热塑性部件层122的表面内或上产生气泡。此外,结合点和纤维分布图案可“印透”或“电报”至热塑性部件层122的表面,从而导致映出支撑部件层124的结合点和纤维分布图案的表面不规则部分。缺陷的第二潜在来源为基底130。例如,玻璃纤维可印透或电报穿过支撑部件层124和热塑性部件层122,从而导致映出基底的不规则纤维的表面不规则部分。
可使用两道次工艺来试图实现较高品质的表面,诸如A类表面,但是一道次工艺可为优选的。例如,单道次可提供较快速或较低成本的制造以及减少与附加制造工艺相关联的废料和相关废料成本的可能性。接下来描述了可产生高品质表面的各种实施方案,所述实施方案可使用一道次工艺实现限制或消除基体中的表面缺陷。
图3示出根据一个示例性实施方案的复合片材200,其包括覆盖片110、基体220和基底130。基体220包括热塑性部件层222、支撑热塑性膜部件层224和热塑性部件层226。在一个实例中,覆盖片110和基体220可以单道次制造(例如层合)。在另一实例中,覆盖片110、基体220和基底130可以单道次制造(例如层合)。
热塑性部件层222可由以下项形成:聚丙烯(PP)、双轴取向的聚丙烯(BOPP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚酰胺-酰亚胺(PAI)、离聚物(例如,Surlyn—其为具有聚酰胺的离聚物—等)、丙烯酸树脂、金属茂络合物(即一种热塑性材料类型)等,或其共聚物和/或组合(包括其取向的、非双轴取向的、双轴取向的和非取向的变型)。热塑性部件层222可具有覆层(或添加剂)以改善其与其他层的结合。示例性添加剂(或添加剂层)可以为以上参照覆盖片110所述的任一种。塑性部件层222可改善表面品质。它可含有UV改进添加剂,可包含颜料,可具有光滑或不光滑外表面(例如顶部表面)(例如,如果省去覆盖片110的话),可印刷有装饰性图案或徽标图案(具体地,如果省去覆盖片110的话),并且可含有抗微生物添加剂和其他装饰性添加剂,或本公开中关于覆盖片论述的任何其他添加剂或处理。
支撑热塑性膜部件层224可具有高于热塑性222和226的熔点的熔点。支撑热塑性膜部件层224可由以下项形成:PET、PP、PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PPSU(聚苯砜)、PSU(聚砜)、PES(聚醚砜)、PEI(聚醚酰亚胺)、PA、人造丝、PU、聚酰亚胺(PI)、丙烯酸树脂或其共聚物和/或组合(包括其取向的、非双轴取向的、双轴取向的和非取向的变型)。在一个实例中,支撑热塑性膜部件层可以为PET非织造材料,其可为水刺的、针刺的、湿法成网、气流成网或化学结合的。使用水刺非织造物用于支撑热塑性膜的示例性优点包括使辊隙中的空气排出,这减少了麻点、空隙和覆盖片与热塑性层之间的缺陷;有纹理的图案减少;纤维平行分布;与纺粘相比具有较细旦尼尔;表面较平滑;不透明度较佳。针刺的PET或包含PP或其他材料的共混物的示例性优点包括使辊隙中的空气排出,这减少了麻点、空隙和覆盖片与热塑性层之间的缺陷,以及有纹理的图案减少。可将PP、PET或其他非织造片材针刺到热塑性膜部件层的顶部和/或底部。支撑热塑性膜部件层224还可以提供为固体膜。
支撑热塑性膜部件层224可具有覆层(或添加剂)以改善其与其他层的结合。示例性添加剂(或添加剂层)可以为以上参照覆盖片110所述的任一种。
热塑性部件层226(如果使用-其为任选层)可具有变化的厚度,这取决于空隙的尺寸或数目和/或纤维不规则性,和/或基底130中的其他因素。热塑性部件层226可由PP、PE或其共聚物和/或组合(包括其取向的、非双轴取向的、双轴取向的和非取向的变型)形成。热塑性部件层222还可具有覆层(或添加剂)以改善其与其他层的结合。示例性添加剂(或添加剂层)可以为以上参照覆盖片110所述的任一种。热塑性部件层226还可含有UV改进添加剂,可包含颜料,并且可含有抗微生物添加剂。当然,应当理解,在与图1类似的布置(例如,使用热塑性膜部件层224代替支撑部件124)中在没有热塑性部件层226的情况下以上论述的热塑性膜部件层224的优点也可提供。
在一个实施方案中,热塑性部件层226可在第二熔体形成工艺中添加,在所述工艺中,其熔融并且因填充基底130中的空隙而变得具有半牺牲性,例如图4中所示。因此,热塑性部件层226的表面228可比基底130的表面230更规则(例如,较平滑,具有较少的不规则部分或起伏)。空隙的填充可减少不规则纤维尺寸在基底130中的印透。
支撑热塑性膜部件层224可防止热塑性部件层222与基底130热组合或熔融一起。支撑热塑性膜部件层224通过使用连续覆盖膜(例如热塑性层)而不使用非织造物还可减少在非织造物中出现的结合点的印透,所述结合点使纤维一起与纤维分布图案附着至热塑性部件层222。
使用添加至支撑热塑性膜部件层224和/或热塑性部件层222和226以改善粘附性的热和/或压力结合诱导添加剂(或涂覆表面)的机制,通过共价结合(或其他方法)支撑热塑性膜部件层224可永久性地附着至热塑性部件层222和226。示例性添加剂(或添加剂层)包括EVA(乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)、EMA(乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯)、MA(马来酸酐)、“BYNEL”(由DuPont制造的可共挤出型粘合剂树脂)、“ELVAX”(由DuPont制造的乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂)、EAA(乙烯丙烯酸)、MAA(甲基丙烯酸)、LLDPE(线型低密度聚乙烯)以及硅烷。还可使用含有在丙烯酸树脂中的噁唑啉或与噁唑啉混合的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物的粘附添加剂层。这种的粘附添加剂层可改善PP层与PET层的粘附性。
热塑性部件层222和226以及支撑热塑性膜部件层224可以单一三重挤出工艺形成。覆盖片110、热塑性部件层222和226以及支撑热塑性膜部件层224也可在覆盖片110单独施加的情况下使用三重挤出以单道次进行加工。覆盖片110单独施加的这种单道次三重挤出是优选的,因为其可减少或消除大多数或全部的表面缺陷。
覆盖片110、热塑性部件层222和226以及支撑热塑性膜部件层224也可使用四重挤出以单道次进行加工(例如,层合)。四重挤出是优选的,因为其可减少或消除大多数或全部的表面缺陷。
复合材料200可形成为具有或不具有覆盖片110,这取决于所需要的表面光洁度。覆盖片110可以为可移除的或永久性结合的。覆盖片110还可为任选的并且可省去。图9中示出了不具有覆盖片110的复合材料200的实例。用于确定一个层(诸如覆盖片)是否“永久性地”结合到另一个层的一种方法是使用针对十字划割粘附性的ASTM D-3359标准测试。如果在进行ASTM D-3359的带测试之后层仍保持附着,则认为所述层为“永久性的”。用于测试层是否为永久性结合的另一种方法为当磨蚀时层是否释放。
图5示出根据一个示例性实施方案的复合片材300,其包括覆盖片110、基体320和基底130。基体320包括热塑性部件层322和支撑热塑性膜部件层324。支撑热塑性膜部件层324可以是大孔性的或包括微小孔。大孔性的是指孔直径大于50nm的材料,而介孔性的是指孔直径在2与50nm之间的材料并且微孔性的是指孔直径小于2nm的材料。另一方面微小孔是指大约数百微米的孔。因此,在孔隙度的语境下使用大并且在孔的语境下使用微小不是两种方式之间的尺寸比较,所述两种方式具有不同的参照系,应当通过所述参照系来理解“大”和“微小”。
在支撑热塑性膜部件层324包括大孔路径的实施方案中,热塑性部件的一小部分可渗出(或迁移)穿过基底130并且结合在基底130上。例如,如图6所示,热塑性部件层322的热塑性材料326的一小部分设置成穿过大孔路径328,使得一些热塑性材料326与基底130接触(或暴露在热塑性膜部件层324的外表面上。
大孔支撑热塑性膜部件层324可由PET、PEN、PPSU、PSU、PES、PEI、PA、丙烯酸树脂或其共聚物和/或组合形成,并且可具有覆层(或添加剂)以改善其与热塑性部件层322的结合。例如,可使用碳酸钙添加剂、聚合物混合物添加剂或用于在热塑性材料中形成大孔路径的其他添加剂挤出大孔支撑热塑性膜部件层324。优选地,大孔路径为25微米至500微米宽。
代替大孔路径或除大孔路径之外,支撑热塑性膜部件层324可包括微小孔。例如,如图7中所示,可在热塑性膜部件层324中冲压出或针刺出孔330以提供热塑性部件的一小部分渗出(或迁移)穿过基底130并且结合在基底130上的路径。微小孔支撑热塑性膜部件层324可由PET、PEN、PPSU、PSU、PES、PEI、PA、丙烯酸树脂或其共聚物和/或组合形成,并且可具有覆层(或添加剂)以改善其与热塑性部件层322的结合。微小开孔的支撑热塑性膜部件层324可提供为具有尺寸为200至600微米的孔的膜。
支撑热塑性膜部件层324可防止热塑性部件层322与基底130热组合(熔融一起),从而提供层分离。
支撑热塑性膜部件层324通过使用热塑性膜部件层充当支撑部件可避免在非织造物中出现的结合点的印透,所述结合点使纤维一起附着至热塑性部件层222。此举可允许热塑性部件322的少量的聚合物穿过基底130并且提高与基底130的粘附性。
使用添加至热塑性膜部件层324和/或热塑性部件层322和基底130以改善粘附性的热和/或压力结合诱导添加剂(或涂覆表面)的机制,通过共价结合(或其他方法)支撑热塑性膜部件层324可永久性地附着至热塑性部件层322和基底130。示例性添加剂(或添加剂层)可以为EVA、EMA、MA、“BYNEL”、“ELVAX”、EAA、Nucrel、MAA,和/或LLDPE Plus,或本公开中关于覆盖片论述的任何其他添加剂或处理。
热塑性部件层322和热塑性膜部件层324可以单一共挤出工艺形成。覆盖片110、热塑性部件层322和支撑热塑性膜部件层324也可使用双重挤出和单独施加的覆盖片110以单道次进行加工。覆盖片110单独施加的这种单道次双重挤出是优选的,因为其可减少或消除大多数或全部的表面缺陷。
覆盖片110、热塑性部件层322和支撑热塑性膜部件层324也可使用三重挤出以单道次进行加工(例如,层合)。三重挤出是优选的,因为其可减少或消除大多数或全部的表面缺陷。
复合材料300可形成为具有或不具有覆盖片110,这取决于所需要的表面光洁度。覆盖片110可以为可移除的或永久性结合的。覆盖片110还可为任选的并且可省去。
不管支撑热塑性部件膜层324具有大孔、微小孔还是具有两者,孔隙或孔可足够大以允许热塑性部件层322的少量热塑性部件材料从其中穿过(或迁移)(例如以熔融态)。支撑热塑性部件膜层324可具有高于热塑性部件层322的熔点的熔点。
图8示出根据一个示例性实施方案的复合片材500,其包括覆盖片110、基体520和基底130。基体520包括热塑性部件层522和支撑热塑性膜部件层524。支撑热塑性膜部件层可包括可附着至基底130的结合层526。
热塑性部件层522、支撑热塑性膜部件层524和结合层526可使用三重挤出以单道次进行加工。覆盖片110和热塑性层522可以为可层合或挤出在一起形成层压材料的单独的膜,所述层压材料还包括支撑热塑性膜部件层524。支撑热塑性膜部件524可与结合层526一起制造并且一起供应。覆盖片110、基体520和基底130还可同时进行组合(例如层合)。当然,覆盖片110可包括本公开中论述的任一覆层,例如以改善对氨基甲酸酯覆层的粘附性、接受贴花、接受涂料等。
复合材料500可形成为具有或不具有覆盖片110,这取决于所需要的表面光洁度。覆盖片110可以为可移除的或永久性结合的。覆盖片110还可为任选的并且可省去。
关于复合材料200、300、400和500,可如参照复合材料100描述的那样形成覆盖片110和基底130。进一步关于复合材料200、300、400和500,可如参照热塑性部件122描述的那样形成热塑性部件222、226、322、422和522。在某些实施方案中,覆盖片110可以为具有永久性地结合到热塑性部件222、226、322、422和522的结合层的BOPET;热塑性部件222、226、322、422和522可以为PP;并且支持热塑性膜部件可以为先前描述的任何种类的基底。
继续关于复合材料200、300、400和500,设置在基底130上的热塑性部件222、226、322、422和522可包括两个层。热塑性部件的第一层包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺,或其组合或共聚物,并且设置在基底上。热塑性部件的第二层包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺,或其组合或共聚物,并且设置在热塑性部件的第一层上使得热塑性部件的第一层在基底与热塑性部件的第二层之间。
在另一实例中,设置在基底130上的热塑性部件226、322、422和522包括两个层。热塑性部件的第一层包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺,或其组合或共聚物。热塑性部件的第一层设置在基底上。热塑性部件的第二层包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺,或其组合或共聚物。热塑性部件的第二层设置在热塑性部件的第一层上使得热塑性部件的第一层在基底与热塑性部件的第二层之间。覆盖片设置在热塑性部件上使得热塑性部件在基底与覆盖片之间。覆盖片可以为永久性的或可移除的片或挤出材料。覆盖片可包含聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺,或其组合或共聚物。
覆盖片可任选地设置在两层热塑性部件上使得热塑性部件的两个层在基底130与覆盖片110之间。覆盖片110可以为永久性的或可移除的片或挤出材料。覆盖片110可包含聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺,或其组合或共聚物(或本公开中关于覆盖片110论述的任何其他材料)。复合材料还可包括设置在覆盖片与热塑性部件之间的粘合剂层。
在再一实例中,可以使用具有均一小纤维分布的湿法成网纸材或热结合纸材(诸如Hollingsworth&Vose制造的HOVOTherm 155)作为支撑部件224、324、524。支撑部件还可以为纤维的压延幅材(例如PET、PA或本公开中关于支撑部件论述的任何其他材料)。
在某些实施方案中,PET非织造物可以施加至基底130的底部(与基体侧相背对)以通过在热和压力下从基底迁移的熔融PP附着至基底130。PET非织造物可以为重质(例如2至4盎司/平方码)的PET非织造物。然后这种完整的复合材料(具有重质非织造物侧)可附着至另一表面(诸如木材、铝、钢、玻璃纤维等)以在不同时间下的第二工艺中形成产品。
非织造物可以为纤维的并且由于暴露的非织造纤维厚度方向上的粘附强度有限而本身具有差的粘附强度。与施加的粘合剂接触以将非织造物附着至最终使用者的表面的包括的纤维可以变得可移除,这可导致复合材料从最终使用者的表面剥离。
参照图10,复合片材600可包括覆盖片110、基体620、基底130以及背衬材料层640和650。基体620可以为基体120、220、320、420和520中的任一种。背衬层650可具有连续的膜表面652。表面652可包括覆层诸如PU友好型覆层或关于覆盖片110论述的任一覆层,以例如改善对氨基甲酸酯覆层的粘附性、接受贴花、接受涂料等。
背衬层650可具有高于基底130的热塑性纤维的熔点的熔点,所以其在复合材料600的热压成形工艺之后可仍保持连续。背衬层650可包括PET、PA、PI、PPSU、PAI等的膜。
背衬层650的相对表面654(或附接至所述表面的覆层诸如背衬层640)可由于复合材料600的热压成形工艺永久性地附着至基底130。在一个实施方案中,背衬层640为附接至背衬层650的表面654的覆层,诸如PP或PE热塑性覆层和/或先前所述的用于确保与基底130结合的偶联剂的任何组合。为了使PP或PE覆层640结合到背衬层650,背衬层650还可用促进与PP或PE的结合覆层的底漆构造。热塑性层640和背衬层650可以为PP、PET或PE热塑性层并且可以单一工艺共挤出。
在一个实施方案中,背衬层650还可在没有结合层640的情况下使用,并且可直接设置在基底130上。底漆(或共挤出物)可包含在面向基底130的一侧上以促进与最终使用者的表面的结合。膜聚合物中可包含粘附促进添加剂,或可提供粘附促进聚合物,诸如关于覆盖片110论述的那些。还可使用PP粘合剂、PET、PU或粘合剂膜(或覆层)代替结合层640。
应当理解,在本公开的范围内存在许多可适用于本公开原理的变型。例如,由诸如丙烯酸树脂膜或聚氟乙烯膜(PVF)的材料形成的永久性顶层膜可包括在任一上述实施方案中。应当理解由丙烯酸树脂膜或PVF形成的永久性顶层膜也可采用在具有非织造支撑层的实施方案中。
此外,以上实施方案中的热塑性部件和/或覆盖片可含有聚合物和给出金属色调表面外观诸如“金属鳞片”样子的其他成分的共混物。可通过调节在热塑性部件和/或永久性覆盖片内添加的金属聚合物和其他颜料或反射材料的量调节强度的程度或水平。可施加其他装饰性效果诸如夜光(磷光)和荧光效果。
现将论述形成复合材料(诸如但不限于以上论述的那些)的方法。所述工艺可包括第一加热工艺和第二加热工艺。第一加热工艺可以为单一工艺或工艺组合。一旦形成复合片材,可进行第二加热工艺以将片材附着至另一表面。例如,在第一形成工艺之后,可冷却复合片并且将其传输至另一位置以供稍后时间里的使用。然后,可进行第二加热工艺将复合片材附着至所需表面。
第一加热工艺可在指定用于基体和覆盖片或覆盖片层压材料的挤出(或形成或层合)的温度、压力和时间下进行。例如,第一加热工艺可以指定为:温度400-450℉,压力30-75psi,时间50-200ms。用于第一加热工艺的参数(例如,温度、压力和时间)可能不足以完全使基体和覆盖片(以及两者间的任何结合层)结合,因为没有施加足够的能量(例如,温度、压力和时间或其组合)来使得基体和覆盖片的成分(结合活性组分)连接提供完全的结合。例如,在这个阶段当没有传递足够的能量引起共价结合时,可产生物理结合。在完成第一加热工艺后,可使复合材料冷却至例如室温(例如,低于100℉)。
第二加热工艺可在指定用于使基体(和覆盖片(如果包括的话))与基底热成形(或组合)的温度、压力和时间下进行。例如,第二加热工艺可以指定为:温度375-500℉,压力75-125psi,时间15-60s。第二加热工艺中施加的压力可大于第一加热工艺中施加的压力。第二加热工艺的持续时间可大于第一加热工艺的持续时间。总能量(例如,温度*时间*压力)可大于第一加热工艺中的总能量。当与基底组合时,以温度、压力和时间形式施加至覆盖片和基体的能量可进一步使覆盖片与基体形成结合,从而完成(完成)结合。
例如当第一设备可进行第一工艺时,这种分开处理可以是有益的,并且接着材料可移动至可进行第二工艺的第二设备。第一加热工艺可将材料连接成足以允许对材料的操作和运输,同时就速度和消耗的能量而言实现更经济的制造。当暴露于第二加热工艺的较高能量以与基底组合时,第二加热工艺可完成复合材料的层的层合。
关于两道次加热形成所优选的组合物,可通过两个表面的机械交错连接、通过溶剂或热暴露产生的分子混合或通过使用反应性化学在层之间产生共价结合来产生粘附。
可使用表面处理来改性PET表面以改善其对聚烯烃、聚氨酯和尼龙的粘附性。此类表面处理的实例包括:
1.溶剂处理:溶剂可使得表面聚合物链(例如PET)溶解并且提供与相对聚合物层(例如PP)进行链缠结的机会。
2.电晕放电处理:电晕处理可增加表面氧化并且改变聚合物层的表面能。
3.等离子体处理:与电晕处理类似,等离子体处理可增加表面的氧化水平并且改变聚合物层的表面能。
4.火焰处理:与等离子体处理和电晕处理类似,火焰处理可增加表面的氧化水平并且改变聚合物层的表面能。
5.UV光处理:在暴露于空气中的深度UV光(例如274nm)时,表面处的氧可与聚合物表面的功能团反应产生氧化物质并且改变聚合物的表面能。
6.辐射处理:高能辐射处理(例如,电子束暴露)可引起PET或PP层内化学键的断裂。这种处理可增加表面上含氧物质的数目,由此影响表面的极性/表面能。
7.喷沙处理:这种处理可增加聚合物的表面粗糙度并且在层合(例如高温高压)工艺过程中实现(或增加)层的机械交错连接。
8.离子电镀处理:这种处理可将硬覆层沉积在基底上。覆层材料的挥发性影响覆层均匀性和覆层的功能性。
9.表面覆层处理:可向PET表面施加若干种覆层类型以改善其粘附特性,所述覆层包括:聚氨酯、含异氰酸酯的分子、多元醇和交联剂(环氧树脂、三聚氰胺、碳二亚胺或噁唑啉);多环芳族结构和噁唑啉交联剂;马来酸酐功能化PP层,其可通过复合(例如混合)工艺施加至PP,可促进与PET端基的酸酐反应并且提供一种共价结合的路线;在PP或PET表面上施加包含具有17至33个碳原子的高级脂肪酸和17至33个碳原子的醇的脂肪族酯化合物作为主要组分的蜡(实例是巴西棕榈蜡和蒙丹蜡,其在挤出工艺过程中提供与PP的混合并且实现PET层的酸端基功能化);施加具有共聚酯的蜡作为顶覆层也可提供对PP的粘附特性;沉积具有单烯键式不饱和单体的丙烯酸(甲基丙烯酸)聚合物的层,其中酸官能团可提供与PET的共价结合,同时不饱和单体将与PP混合;施加热熔体粘合剂:硅烷接枝的无定形聚烯烃、异氰酸酯封端的聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯;并且通过硅烷或氨基甲酸酯化学的交联可实现与PET层的共价结合,同时聚烯烃官能团实现与PP层的混合。
参照图11A,两个加热工艺中使用的复合片材700包括基底130、基体720、粘附促进层730、覆盖片110和处理层740。基体720可以为本公开中论述的任何基体并且优选至少在相对于邻近基底130的一侧的表面处包含聚丙烯。覆盖片优选地为BOPET膜。处理层740任选地提供聚氨酯和/或涂料或贴花友好型表面。用于以下论述的复合片材700的优选第二加热循环是:温度为190至220C,压力在60至120psi压力并且保压时间为15至60秒。
粘附促进层730的第一实例为EVA接合层。粘附促进层730的乙烯单元可产生对基体720的聚丙烯的物理吸引,同时粘附促进层730的乙酸酯基可促进对覆盖片110的BOPET膜中PET端基的吸引。优选地,粘附促进层730足够厚以产生/促进/增强PET-EVA吸引。
粘附促进层730的第二实例为EMA接合层。粘附促进层730的乙烯单元可产生对基体720的聚丙烯的物理吸引,同时粘附促进层730的马来酸酐可促进与覆盖片110的BOPET膜中PET端基的反应。优选地,粘附促进层730足够厚以产生/促进/增强PET-MA反应。
图12中示出了第三实例,其中两个加热工艺中使用的复合片材800包括基底130、基体820、覆盖片110和处理层840。基体820可以为本公开中论述的任何基体并且优选至少在相对于邻近基底130的一侧的表面处包括聚丙烯和马来酸酐的层。在没有额外层的情况下,在基体中包含马来酸酐提供了粘附促进层730的第二实例的粘附促进性质。处理层840类似于处理层740。
在以上论述的实例中,在将层压材料组合至基底并且施加第二加热循环之前,层之间存在足以将这些层保持在一起的结合。例如,如果ASTM D-3359带测试在第一加热循环之后并且在第二循环之前进行,则可将层剥离。在第二加热工艺过程中,温度暴露使得材料重新取向并且通过“隐藏”其次表层中的官能团降低表面能。这些实例主要提供PET与PP之间的物理吸引而不是化学结合,因为PP不具有用于共价结合的反应性官能团。因此,这些实例可提供“可移除的”覆盖片,因为主要结合是物理结合而不是共价结合。
物理吸引取决于系统的热力学并且受高温的影响。因为PP和PET为半结晶的,所以第二加热循环中的温度暴露可使晶体重建,因此消除或减少任何缺陷(诸如PET层上附着的PP或反之亦然)。对于PP可尤其是这种情况,因为示例性第二加热循环高于PP的熔体温度。
重新参照图11A,粘附促进层730也可为包含在丙烯酸基树脂中的噁唑啉家族的粘合剂接合层,或粘合剂接合层可包含与噁唑啉交联剂混合的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物。这些粘合剂接合层可改善PP层与PET层的粘附性。当在第一加热循环过程中覆盖片110与基体720的聚丙烯接触时,粘附促进层730可设置在覆盖片110的背面上,这可产生足以将材料保持在一起的物理结合。然而,所述结合(PP与PET之间)可在第二加热循环之后变为共价的并且可以是完全交联的。因此,这个实施例可在覆盖片110与基体720之间提供更强的“永久性”结合。例如,如果进行ASTM D-3359带测试,则层不可被剥离。
覆盖片或覆盖片层压材料还可在没有基体的情况下直接施加至基底的顶部表面,如图11B中所示。在这种情况下,可以实现覆盖片110或覆盖片层压材料与基体130之间的结合,例如永久性结合。可对设置在覆盖片110与基体130之间的粘附促进层730进行选择使得第一侧促进与基底130的材料的结合并且第二侧促进与覆盖片110的材料的结合。在一个实例中,覆盖片可以为PET(或BOPET)并且基底可以为PP。用于粘附促进层730的示例性材料包含在丙烯酸基树脂中的噁唑啉家族,或者粘合剂促进层730可包含与噁唑啉交联剂混合的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物。这些粘合剂接合层可改善PP层与PET层的粘附性。粘合剂促进层730之间的结合可通过使其涂覆有另外的聚丙烯树脂来进一步促进;或者,结合还可从基底130的材料中吸出树脂以有利于结合。
也可在这个实施方案中使用双进程加热工艺。例如,第一加热工艺可在使单独的覆盖片(或覆盖片层压材料)热成形(组合)的温度、压力和时间以及用于基底的第一加热循环下进行。当覆盖片或覆盖片层压材料暴露于基底进一步形成中的另一加热步骤时可发生第二加热工艺。
在一个实施方案中,可在基底的底部(例如,与热塑性层和/或覆盖片相背对的一侧)提供附加结合膜。结合膜可以为PET和/或PU。使用PET结合层的优点在于其可有利于与最终使用者的PU粘合剂的永久性结合。还可使用涂覆的PP。如在整个本公开中使用的PU友好型表面可包括在其末端处具有过量官能团的氨基甲酸酯预聚物(例如,其聚合物链用异氰酸酯基或醇基封端)和丙烯酸类聚合物,其中丙烯酸类聚合物包括可提供PET与PU基底之间的反应性粘合剂接合层的(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物。PU友好型覆层可设置在覆盖片的顶部表面以有利于氨基甲酸酯材料(包括粘合剂)与覆盖片的结合。PU友好型覆层还可设置在基底上的作为背衬的PET结合层或膜上以有利于基底与氨基甲酸酯材料(包括粘合剂)的结合。
在一个实施方案中,附加的射频(RF)屏蔽层可添加至任一所述实施方案。电磁屏蔽可阻挡射频电磁辐射并且还称之为RF屏蔽。屏蔽可减少无线电波、电磁场和静电场的耦合。例如,RF屏蔽层可添加在支撑部件层与热塑性层之间。在另一实例中,RF屏蔽层可设置在支撑部件与基底之间。在另一实例中,RF屏蔽层可设置在热塑性层与永久性覆盖片之间。RF屏蔽层可由铝箔制成。RF屏蔽层还可由层合到PET上的铝箔或层合到涂覆有结合层的PET上的铝箔形成。例如,可使用0.0002”厚和70”宽的铝膜。铝箔还可在一侧或多侧上涂覆有粘附促进剂。另一种屏蔽方法诸如电屏蔽方法是使用金属油墨或类似材料的覆层。油墨可包括负载有呈非常小的微粒的金属(例如铜或镍)的载体材料。所述油墨可被涂覆并且一旦干燥就产生连续的金属导电层,其可电连接至电设备的底架接地,由此提供有效的屏蔽。RF屏蔽层还可通过将导电颗粒诸如Al、Cu或C以薄层形式添加至热塑性层来提供。RF屏蔽层还可代替支撑部件。
应当理解,某些层的论述并不排斥论述它们的那些实施方案。例如,一个实施方案中的支撑部件的论述可结合并适用于另一实施方案的热塑性部件的论述。
本公开的广度和范畴不应受任何上述示例性实施方案限制,而应仅根据以下权利要求和其等效物定义。此外,虽然以上优点和特征提供在所述的实施方案中,但是不应将权利要求的应用限于完成以上优点中的任一个或全部的工艺和结构。
另外,本文的章节标题是为了符合37CFR 1.77下的建议或者以其他方式提供组织提示而提供的。这些标题不应限制或特征化可以从本公开公布的任何权利要求中所阐述的本发明。特别地以及示例性地,权利要求不应当受到用于描述所谓的技术领域的标题所采用的语言的限制。此外,对“背景技术”中的技术的描述并非要被解读为承认该技术是本公开中任何发明的现有技术。“发明内容”也并非要被视为是本文权利要求中所列出的本发明的特征。此外,本公开中对“发明”的任何单数引用不应被用于证明本公开中仅要求保护单个创新点。根据与本公开相关联的多个权利要求的限定,可以列出多个发明,因此权利要求限定了由此得以保护的发明及其等价物。在所有情况下,权利要求的范围都应当认为是借助于说明书得以独立地进行限定,而不应当受到本文列出的小标题的限制。
Claims (31)
1.一种制作复合片材的方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有覆盖片材的覆盖片;
提供具有基底材料的基底;
提供设置在所述覆盖片与所述基底之间的粘附促进层;
作为将所述覆盖片、所述基底和所述粘附促进层组合为层压材料的第一形成工艺的一部分,将高于室温的第一温度和高于大气压的第一压力向所述覆盖片和所述基底施加第一时间段,
在施加所述第一温度和所述第一压力之后,允许所述层压材料冷却至一较低的温度;以及
在允许所述层压材料冷却至所述较低的温度之后,将高于室温的第二温度和高于大气压的第二压力向所述层压材料施加第二时间段,其中
与将所述第一温度和所述第一压力施加所述第一时间段向所述层压材料提供的能量相比,将所述第二温度和所述第二压力施加第二时间段向所述层压材料提供的能量较大,
朝向所述覆盖片设置的所述粘附促进层的第一侧与所述覆盖片材具有结合亲和力,
朝向所述基底设置的所述粘附促进层的第二侧与所述基底材料具有结合亲和力,并且
所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的至少一者高于所述复合片材的热塑性材料的熔点。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述覆盖片材包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述基底材料包括聚丙烯。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘附促进层包括选自由以下项组成的组的材料:乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯丙烯酸甲酯、噁唑啉、设置在丙烯酸基树脂中的噁唑啉、噁唑啉交联剂以及与乙烯丙烯酸混合的噁唑啉交联剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在施加所述第一温度之前,所述粘附促进层的所述第二侧包括聚丙烯覆层。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,所述方法还包括提供聚氨酯粘附促进层,其中
所述覆盖片设置在所述聚氨酯粘附促进层与所述基底之间,或者
所述基底设置在所述聚氨酯粘附促进层与所述覆盖片之间。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述聚氨酯粘附促进层包括选自由以下项组成的组的材料:氨基甲酸酯预聚物和丙烯酸类聚合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在施加所述第一温度之后,所述粘附促进层与所述基底之间的结合主要为物理结合。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在施加所述第二温度之后,所述覆盖片、所述粘附促进层与所述基底之间的结合主要为共价结合。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中
在施加所述第一温度之后,如果进行ASTM D-3359带测试,则所述覆盖片、所述粘附促进层与所述基底之间的结合不足以保持粘附,并且
在施加所述第二温度之后,如果进行ASTM D-3359带测试,则所述覆盖片、所述粘附促进层与所述基底之间的结合足以保持粘附。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘附促进层与所述基底之间的结合主要为共价结合。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一形成工艺和施加所述第二温度和所述第二压力的操作中的至少一者包括熔化热塑性材料的操作。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中
所述覆盖片材包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,并且
所述基底材料包括聚丙烯。
14.一种形成复合片材的方法,所述方法包括:
作为增加多个层的温度以及将所述多个层组合为层压材料的第一形成工艺的一部分,将高于室温的第一温度和高于大气压的第一压力向所述多个层施加第一时间段;
在施加所述第一温度和所述第一压力之后,允许所述层压材料冷却至一较低的温度;以及
在允许所述层压材料冷却至所述较低的温度之后,作为将所述层压材料和基底组合的第二形成工艺的一部分,将高于室温的第二温度和高于大气压的第二压力向所述层压材料和所述基底施加第二时间段,其中
与将所述第一温度和所述第一压力施加所述第一时间段向所述层压材料提供的能量相比,将所述第二温度和所述第二压力施加第二时间段向所述层压材料提供的能量较大,并且
所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的至少一者高于所述复合片材的热塑性材料的熔点。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述层压材料包括粘附促进层和包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的层。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述层压材料的层包括:
具有热塑性层材料的热塑性层;以及
具有热塑性膜材料的支撑热塑性膜部件。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述热塑性层材料在所述层压材料的第一侧处的浓度大于在所述层压材料的第二相反侧的浓度。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述热塑性层材料选自由以下项组成的组:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其组合以及其共聚物。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述热塑性膜材料选自由以下项组成的组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯砜、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、其组合以及其共聚物。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述热塑性膜材料包括多孔材料。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述热塑性层材料设置在所述多孔材料的多孔路径中。
22.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述热塑性膜材料包括孔材料。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述热塑性层材料设置在所述孔材料的孔中。
24.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中在施加所述第一温度和施加所述第二温度的步骤中,覆盖片包括在所述多个层中。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述层压材料包括聚丙烯并且所述覆盖片包括双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
26.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中在施加所述第一温度之后,所述覆盖片与所述层压材料的相邻层之间的结合主要为物理结合。
27.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中在施加所述第二温度之后,所述覆盖片与所述层压材料的相邻层之间的结合主要为共价结合。
28.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中
在施加所述第一温度之后,如果进行ASTM D-3359带测试,则所述覆盖片与所述层压材料的相邻层之间的结合不足以保持粘附,并且
在施加所述第二温度之后,如果进行ASTM D-3359带测试,则所述覆盖片与所述层压材料的相邻层之间的结合足以保持粘附。
29.如权利要求24所述的方法,所述方法还包括设置在所述覆盖片和相邻层之间的粘附促进层。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述粘附促进层包括噁唑啉。
31.一种制作复合片材的方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有覆盖片材的覆盖片;
提供具有基底材料的基底;
提供设置在所述覆盖片与所述基底之间的粘附促进层;
作为将所述覆盖片、所述基底和所述粘附促进层组合为层压材料的第一形成工艺的一部分,将高于室温的第一温度和高于大气压的第一压力向所述覆盖片和所述基底施加第一时间段,以及
在施加所述第一温度和所述第一压力之后,允许所述层压材料冷却至一较低的温度;其中
朝向所述覆盖片设置的所述粘附促进层的第一侧与所述覆盖片材料具有结合亲和力,
朝向所述基底设置的所述粘附促进层的第二侧与所述基底材料具有结合亲和力,并且
所述第一温度高于所述复合片材的热塑性材料的熔点。
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CN107073919A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
EP3180192B1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
CA2958201A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
CA2958201C (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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US20190337277A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
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WO2016025907A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
EP3180192A4 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
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US20200331250A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
US20160046105A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
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