CN113476511A - 胆木及其提取物在制备预防或治疗病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用 - Google Patents
胆木及其提取物在制备预防或治疗病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了胆木及其提取物在制备预防和/或治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。本发明通过大量实验筛选，开发胆木及其提取物的新用途，实验结果表明，本发明制备得到的胆木提取物对呼吸道合胞体病毒具有很好的抑制作用，且对正常细胞毒性低，取得了非常好的技术效果，可开发用于制备呼吸道合胞体病毒的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药的新用途，具体涉及胆木及其提取物在制备预防或治疗病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
背景技术
胆木(Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard)为茜草科乌檀属植物，又名乌檀、熊胆树、黄胆木、山熊胆等，以枝、皮入药，具有清热解毒、消肿止痛的功效，用于治疗咽喉炎、支气管炎、急性扁桃体炎等，有“植物抗生素”之称，主要分布于海南、广东、广西等地。
人呼吸道合胞体病毒(Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus,HRSV)属于副粘膜病毒科肺炎病毒属。HRSV是引起婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的主要病原体，也是1岁内婴儿细支气管炎和肺炎的最常见病因，2005年HRSV在全球范围内引起340万人住院，6.6-19.9万5岁以下儿童死亡。流行病学调查显示，该病毒有明显的季节性，常于晚秋初冬发病，于冬末春初达到最高峰。目前该疾病的治疗主要依靠吸氧、雾化等支持治疗，临床上批准用于预防和治疗的药物为帕利珠单抗和利巴韦林，其治疗效果存在争议。
研究表明胆木提取物具有多种药理活性，包括抗炎镇痛、抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗疟等作用。以胆木为主成分的胆木浸膏片、胆木浸膏糖浆对急、慢性呼吸道感染具有较好的疗效。但未发现胆木抗病毒的相关报道，也未见胆木在预防和治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒的相关报道。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的一个目的是通过大量实验筛选，提供一种胆木提取物的制备方法及其在抗呼吸道合胞体病毒中的应用，该提取物具有显著的预防和治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒的作用，可用于药物制备方面的应用。
技术方案，为了实现以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
胆木在制备预防和/或治疗病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
胆木在制备预防和/或治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
胆木提取物在制备预防和/或治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
作为优选方案，以上所述的胆木提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的：取胆木地上部分，粉碎，加入1～20倍量的水，回流提取1～3次，收集合并提取液，减压浓缩成浸膏状，得到胆木提取物。
作为更加优选方案，以上所述的应用，所述的胆木提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的：选择3-8年生的胆木，加入10～20倍量的水，回流提取2～3次，每次1～3小时，收集合并提取液，减压浓缩成浸膏状，得到胆木提取物。
以上所述的应用，将胆木或胆木提取物与药学上可接受的载体制备成贴剂、凝胶剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂或注射剂剂型的药物。
有益效果：本发明通过大量实验筛选，开发胆木及其提取物的新用途，实验结果表明，本发明制备得到的胆木提取物对呼吸道合胞体病毒具有很好的抑制作用，且对正常细胞毒性低，取得了非常好的技术效果，可开发用于制备呼吸道合胞体病毒的药物。
附图说明
图1为胆木提取物对HRSV病毒的EC50、IC50和SI曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但这些实施例不应解释为限制本发明。
实施例1胆木提取物的制备
选择5年生的胆木400g，加入水4000ml，加热回流提取2次，第一次2小时，第二次1小时，收集合并2次提取液，减压浓缩成浸膏状，得到胆木提取物。
实施例2胆木提取物的制备
取胆木400g，加入水4800ml，加热回流提取2次，每次1h，过滤收集滤液，合并，减压浓缩至稠膏状，得胆木提取物。
实施例3
取胆木400g，加入水5600ml，加热回流提取2次，每次1h，过滤收集滤液，合并，减压浓缩至稠膏状，得胆木提取物。
实施例4体外抗病毒试验
1.试验材料：
Hep-2(ATCC CCL-23)细胞、人呼吸道合胞体病毒A型(ATCC VR-26)由中科院上海巴斯德研究所提供。DMEM培养基、胎牛血清、抗生素(青霉素和链霉素)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、PBS均为Gibco BRL公司产品。96孔细胞培养板及6孔细胞培养板购自Corning公司。XDS-1B型生物倒置显微镜为重庆光学仪器厂产品。酶标仪型号为SpectraMax i3x购于MolecularDevices公司。CCK-8购于Dojindo东仁化学科技(上海)有限公司。待测药物：实施例1制备得到的胆木提取物。
2.试验方法与结果
2.1药物对Hep-2细胞的毒性实验
取对数期Hep-2细胞，调整细胞悬液浓度为5×104/ml，向于96孔细胞培养板中每孔接种100μl细胞悬液，置于37℃5％CO2细胞培养箱中培养24小时至细胞长成单层。弃去孔中上清液，用磷酸缓冲液(PBS)洗1遍，将待检测药物实施例1胆木提取物梯度稀释后，加入到96孔板的细胞中，每个浓度3个复孔，同时设定正常细胞对照及不含细胞的空白对照，将细胞培养板置于37℃5％CO2培养箱继续培养48h。每孔加入10μl的CCK-8，37℃5％CO2培养箱孵育2h，用酶标仪测定在450nm处的吸光度。依照CCK-8细胞毒性实验公式Cellviability/％＝(OD样品-OD空白)/(OD对照-OD空白)×100％计算细胞存活率及药物抑制率，利用改良寇式法计算CC50(The median cytotoxic concentration，中位浓度即对50％的细胞产生细胞毒性时对应的药物浓度)。选择细胞存活率大于50％的药物浓度进行后续抗病毒药物筛选实验。
2.2药物抗HRSV-A药效实验
将1×105/ml Hep-2细胞接种于6孔细胞培养板中，置于37℃5％CO2培养箱培养24h。弃掉细胞上清后加入0.1mol的HRSV-A和以无明显细胞毒性的最高浓度为起点倍比稀释的实施例1胆木提取物溶液，于37℃5％CO2培养箱培养48h，取上清液氮中短时间冷冻后置于-80℃冰箱保存。本实验设不加入抗病毒药物的病毒感染为对照，实验重复两次。
取50ul-80℃冰箱保存的病毒感染细胞上清，用含2％FBS和100U/ml双抗的DMEM细胞培养基按照10-1-10-8梯度稀释，加入到含有Hep-2细胞的96孔板上，同时设立正常细胞对照，病毒感染细胞对照组，置于37℃5％CO2细胞培养箱中培养48小时后，向每孔加入CCK-810μl，37℃培养2h，使用酶标仪测定450nm处的OD值，根据OD值计算出细胞存活率反映药物抗病毒效果。
表1胆木提取物对HRSV病毒的抑制作用
实施例5急性毒性实验
取实施例1制备得到的胆木提取物，以吐温-80为助溶剂，加水配成最大浓度混悬液(0.12g·ml-1)。
预试验：取昆明种小鼠，雌雄各半，随机分为3组，每组4只，禁食不禁水12h后，在一天内分别按1.20g·kg-1、2.40g·kg-1、4.80g·kg-1灌胃给予实施例1制备得到的胆木提取物(每次灌胃体积0.2ml/10g，1天内最多给药2次)，给药后观察小鼠生存状态，连续观察7天。结果见表2。
预实验结果无法找出其100％致死剂量，正式试验欲找出其最大耐受量。
正式试验：取昆明种小鼠，雌雄各半，随机分为3组，每组20只，禁食不禁水12h后，给药组分别灌胃给予实施例1制备得到的胆木提取物20.4g·kg-1、27.2g·kg-1，对照组灌胃水溶液。观察自主活动变化，连续观察14天。结果见下表3。
表2急性毒性预试验结果
| 组别 | 剂量/g·kg<sup>-1</sup> | 动物数 | 死亡动物数 | 给药前体重/g | 给药7天后存活鼠体重/g |
| 一 | 1.2 | 4 | 0 | 20.56±0.83 | 25.17±1.82 |
| 二 | 2.4 | 4 | 0 | 20.19±0.56 | 24.98±1.39 |
| 三 | 4.8 | 4 | 1 | 21.06±0.93 | 26.57±1.92 |
表3急性毒性正式试验结果
以上结果表明，小鼠给药后自主活动减少，偶有狂躁不安，给药2天后，所有小鼠自主活动恢复正常。说明胆木提取物毒性较低，其小鼠的最大耐受量为4.8g·kg-1。
实施例6
取实施例1中胆木提取物，加入崩解剂、粘合剂、润滑剂和填充剂制成片剂。
实施例7
取实施例2中胆木提取物，加入粘合剂、润滑剂、填充剂制成贴膏剂。
实施例8
取实施例3中胆木提取物，加入粘合剂、润滑剂、填充剂制成凝胶剂。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.胆木在制备预防和/或治疗病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
2.胆木在制备预防和/或治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
3.胆木提取物在制备预防和/或治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒感染的药物或保健品中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的胆木提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的：取胆木地上部分，粉碎，加入1～20倍量的水，回流提取1～3次，收集合并提取液，减压浓缩成浸膏状，得到胆木提取物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的胆木提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的：选择3-8年生的胆木，加入10～20倍量的水，回流提取2～3次，收集合并提取液，减压浓缩成浸膏状，得到胆木提取物。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的应用，将胆木或胆木提取物与药学上可接受的载体制备成贴剂、凝胶剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂或注射剂剂型的药物。
7.一种预防和/或治疗呼吸道合胞体病毒感染的药物，其特征在于，包含胆木或胆木提取物。
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