CN113461892A - 发泡料、保温箱体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

发泡料、保温箱体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113461892A
CN113461892A CN202010236074.0A CN202010236074A CN113461892A CN 113461892 A CN113461892 A CN 113461892A CN 202010236074 A CN202010236074 A CN 202010236074A CN 113461892 A CN113461892 A CN 113461892A
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China
Prior art keywords
foaming
parts
polyol
mixture
box body
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202010236074.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
刘站站
李鹏
赵坤坤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co Ltd
Haier Smart Home Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co Ltd
Haier Smart Home Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co Ltd, Haier Smart Home Co Ltd filed Critical Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010236074.0A priority Critical patent/CN113461892A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/074601 priority patent/WO2021196862A1/zh
Priority to EP21782196.6A priority patent/EP4130084A4/en
Priority to US17/916,555 priority patent/US20230151243A1/en
Publication of CN113461892A publication Critical patent/CN113461892A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种发泡料、保温箱体及其制备方法，所述发泡料包括：100份组合多元醇，10份～30份发泡剂组合物，120份～150份异氰酸酯；所述组合多元醇包括：10份聚醚多元醇A，以甘露醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；5份～15份聚醚多元醇B，以季戊四醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；5份～25份聚醚多元醇C，以蔗糖和甘油为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；50份～75份聚酯多元醇，以苯二甲酸、己二酸、苯二甲酸酐中的一种与多元醇合成制备得到，多元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇或季戊四醇。本发明将发泡体系中所用的多元醇种类进行调整，增加聚酯多元醇的含量，减少聚醚多元醇的含量，从而在不增加或者改变注料量的情况下，显著提升其压缩强度。

Description

发泡料、保温箱体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有高压缩强度的发泡料、采用该发泡料的保温箱体的制备方法及由该方法获得的保温箱体。
背景技术
容积较大是目前用户对冰箱的需求之一,因此追求容积率成为了目前的冰箱研发的主要方向之一。在同等外观尺寸下,增加容积的有效手段往往是减薄保温层,利用保温效果更好的真空绝热板来替代发泡料,从而实现容积与节能的平衡。
箱体保温层减薄后，箱体的整体强度会减弱，箱体的变形尺寸会加大，而传统的解决方案为将发泡料进行较多过填充，包括提升发泡密度和发泡压缩强度等，从而提升箱体强度，然而，发泡料注入量较多，导致成本上升较大，对发泡夹具的压力及性能要求较高且夹具使用寿命较短，而且注料量过多，容易导致箱体的溢料较多。
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种发泡料、保温箱体及其制备方法，以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术存在的技术问题之一，从而提供一种具有高压缩强度的发泡料、采用该发泡料的保温箱体的制备方法及由该方法获得的保温箱体。
为实现上述发明目的之一，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种发泡料，按质量计，所述发泡料包括：
组合多元醇，100份，
发泡剂组合物，10份～30份；
异氰酸酯，120份～150份；
所述组合多元醇包括：
10份聚醚多元醇A，以甘露醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；
5份～15份聚醚多元醇B，以季戊四醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；
5份～25份聚醚多元醇C，以蔗糖和甘油为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；
50份～75份聚酯多元醇，以苯二甲酸、己二酸、苯二甲酸酐中的一种与多元醇合成制备得到，多元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇或季戊四醇。
进一步地，组合多元醇常温下粘度为1500mpa.s～3000mpa.s，羟值为350mgKOH/g～500mgKOH/g；和/或，发泡剂组合物包括环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烯、1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(LBA\FEA1100)中的至少一种；和/或，所述异氰酸酯常温下的粘度为150-250mpa.s,，异氰酸酯的-NCO基团的含量为30.5-32％。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明还采用如下方案：一种保温箱体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将外壳预组装成箱壳；
于所述箱壳与内胆之间注入权利要求1或2所述的发泡料进行发泡；
其中，发泡过程包括：
将组合多元醇按预定比例进行混合，得第一混合物；
将发泡剂按预定比例进行预先混合，得发泡剂混合物；
将发泡剂混合物按预定比例与第一混合物进行混合，得第二混合物；
将异氰酸酯按预定比例与第二混合物进行混合，然后注入所述箱壳与内胆之间进行发泡。
进一步地，组合多元醇在温度为20℃～25℃的条件下搅拌2小时～3小时；和/或，发泡剂混合物与第一混合物在温度为20℃～25℃、压力为2bar～3bar的条件下搅拌2小时～3小时；和/或，异氰酸酯与第二混合物在温度为20℃～25℃、压力为120bar～30bar的条件下混合。
进一步地，还包括如下步骤：在所述外壳的内侧贴敷真空绝热板；发泡前，对箱壳的内部进行加热。
进一步地，于所述箱壳的发泡注料孔处向内部吹入热风对进行加热。
进一步地，通过热风枪于所述发泡注料孔处向内部吹入热风；
进一步地，所述热风的温度介于50℃～70℃之间；和/或，吹入热风的时间介于5秒～10秒之间。
进一步地，在所述箱壳进入发泡模具前或进入发泡模具后，对箱壳的内部进行加热。
进一步地，所述保温箱体的制备方法还包括：对箱壳的内部进行加热前对所述箱壳进行预加热；或，所述保温箱体的制备方法还包括对所述箱壳进行预加热，预加热后，将所述箱壳置入发泡模具中，再对所述箱壳的内部进行加热。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明还采用如下技术方案：一种保温箱体，采用上述保温箱体的制备方法获得。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明将发泡体系中所用的多元醇种类进行调整，增加聚酯多元醇的含量，减少聚醚多元醇的含量，从而在不增加或者改变注料量的情况下，显著提升其压缩强度。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例对技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的发泡料，按质量计，包括100份组合多元醇，10份～30份发泡剂组合物，120份～150份异氰酸酯。
所述组合多元醇包括：10份聚醚多元醇A，以甘露醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；5份～15份聚醚多元醇B，以季戊四醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；5份～25份聚醚多元醇C，以蔗糖和甘油为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；50份～75份聚酯多元醇，以苯二甲酸、己二酸、苯二甲酸酐中的一种与多元醇合成制备得到，多元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇或季戊四醇。
其中，聚醚多元醇的结构为醚键结构，很容易通过自身的翻转来提升材料的韧性，而聚酯多元醇中以酯键为主，酯键属于刚性基团，很难翻转；所以本发明将发泡体系中所用的多元醇种类进行调整，增加聚酯多元醇的含量，减少聚醚多元醇的含量，从而在不增加或者改变注料量的情况下，显著提升其压缩强度。
并且，组合多元醇常温下粘度为1500mpa.s～3000mpa.s，羟值为350mgKOH/g～500mgKOH/g；
发泡剂组合物包括环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烯、1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(LBA\FEA1100)中的至少一种；和/或，所述异氰酸酯常温下的粘度为150-250mpa.s,，异氰酸酯的-NCO基团的含量为30.5-32％。
请参下表所示，给出了多个实施例中发泡料的组成、将发泡料注入模腔发泡并熟化后形成的聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能产生，对实施例1～实施例6、对比例1进行比较可知，随着聚酯多元醇的含量的增多，聚醚多元醇含量的减少，聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩强度逐渐增大；且当聚酯多元醇的含量不小于整个多元醇组合物的含量的一半时，能够达到150KPa以上的压缩强度。
Figure BDA0002431026450000041
Figure BDA0002431026450000051
本发明还提供一种保温箱体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将外壳预组装成箱壳；于所述箱壳与内胆之间注入上述发泡料进行发泡；其中，发泡过程包括：将组合多元醇按预定比例进行混合，得第一混合物；将发泡剂按预定比例进行预先混合，得发泡剂混合物；将发泡剂混合物按预定比例与第一混合物进行混合，得第二混合物；将异氰酸酯按预定比例与第二混合物进行混合，然后注入所述箱壳与内胆之间进行发泡。
具体地，组合多元醇的各个组分在温度为20℃～25℃的条件下搅拌2小时～3小时；和/或，发泡剂混合物与第一混合物在温度为20℃～25℃、压力为2bar～3bar的条件下搅拌2小时～3小时。和/或，异氰酸酯与第二混合物在温度为20℃～25℃、压力为120bar～30bar的条件下混合。
进一步地，本发明的保温箱体的制备方法还包括如下步骤：在所述外壳的内侧贴敷真空绝热板；发泡前，对箱壳的内部进行加热。通过对箱壳的内部进行加热，使得所述外壳的内表面，尤其是真空绝热板朝向内胆的一侧能够达到发泡所需要的目标温度，减少或避免发泡料在真空绝热板的表面的结皮现象，进而提高保温箱体的保温效果。
具体地，真空绝热板采用现有的结构，且所述真空绝热板在所述外壳上的贴敷位置、贴敷方均采用现有技术，于此不再赘述。
本发明中，于所述箱壳的发泡注料孔处向内部吹入热风对进行加热，直接利用了发泡注料孔无需开设新的加入口，且发泡工艺线上的工人对发泡注料孔的设置位置、形状、大小等比较熟悉，方便操作和控制。
一具体实施例中，通过热风枪于所述发泡注料孔处向内部吹入热风，热风枪直接对准所述发泡注料孔使得热风全部进入到箱壳内部，节约能量。
进一步地，加热所用的所述热风的温度介于50℃～70℃之间；和/或，吹入热风的时间介于5秒～10秒之间，以能够保证贴敷有真空绝热板的外壳内侧达到发泡所需要的温度。
另外，本发明在注入发泡料前的任意时刻均能对箱壳的内部进行加热，具体地，所述箱壳进入发泡模具前或进入发泡模具后，对箱壳的内部进行加热。
进一步地，所述保温箱体的制备方法还包括：对箱壳的内部进行加热前，对所述箱壳进行预加热，预加热工艺采用现有技术，预先使得箱壳提高到需要的温度，可以缩短对箱壳内部加热的时间，且能保证箱壳的整体温度达到发泡要求。
一具体的工艺流程为：对所述箱壳进行常规的预加热后，将所述箱壳置入发泡模具中，再对所述箱壳的内部进行加热。也可以，对所述箱壳进行常规的预加热后，对所述箱壳的内部进行加热，再将所述箱壳置入发泡模具中进行发泡；两种工艺均能减少或避免结皮现象。
本发明还提供一种采用上述任意一种保温箱体的制备方法获得的保温箱体，该保温箱体可用于酒柜、冰箱、冷柜等家电。
综上所述，本发明将发泡体系中所用的多元醇种类进行调整，增加聚酯多元醇的含量，减少聚醚多元醇的含量，从而在不增加或者改变注料量的情况下，显著提升其压缩强度。
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

1.一种发泡料，按质量计，所述发泡料包括：
组合多元醇，100份，
发泡剂组合物，10份～30份；
异氰酸酯，120份～150份；
其特征在于，所述组合多元醇包括：
10份聚醚多元醇A，以甘露醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；
5份～15份聚醚多元醇B，以季戊四醇为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；
5份～25份聚醚多元醇C，以蔗糖和甘油为起始剂，与氧化烯烃反应制备得到；
50份～75份聚酯多元醇，以苯二甲酸、己二酸、苯二甲酸酐中的一种与多元醇合成制备得到，多元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇或季戊四醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发泡料，其特征在于，组合多元醇常温下粘度为1500mpa.s～3000mpa.s，羟值为350mgKOH/g～500mgKOH/g；
和/或，发泡剂组合物包括环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烯、1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(LBA\FEA1100)中的至少一种；
和/或，所述异氰酸酯常温下的粘度为150-250mpa.s,，异氰酸酯的-NCO基团的含量为30.5-32％。
3.一种保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将外壳预组装成箱壳；
于所述箱壳与内胆之间注入权利要求1或2所述的发泡料进行发泡；
其中，发泡过程包括：
将组合多元醇按预定比例进行混合，得第一混合物；
将发泡剂按预定比例进行预先混合，得发泡剂混合物；
将发泡剂混合物按预定比例与第一混合物进行混合，得第二混合物；
将异氰酸酯按预定比例与第二混合物进行混合，然后注入所述箱壳与内胆之间进行发泡。
4.根据权利要求3所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，
组合多元醇在温度为20℃～25℃的条件下搅拌2小时～3小时；
和/或，发泡剂混合物与第一混合物在温度为20℃～25℃、压力为2bar～3bar的条件下搅拌2小时～3小时；
和/或，异氰酸酯与第二混合物在温度为20℃～25℃、压力为120bar～30bar的条件下混合。
5.根据权利要求3所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：
在所述外壳的内侧贴敷真空绝热板；
发泡前，对箱壳的内部进行加热。
6.根据权利要求5所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，于所述箱壳的发泡注料孔处向内部吹入热风对进行加热。
7.根据权利要求6所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，通过热风枪于所述发泡注料孔处向内部吹入热风。
8.根据权利要求5所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述热风的温度介于50℃～70℃之间；
和/或，吹入热风的时间介于5秒～10秒之间。
9.根据权利要求5～8任意一项所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述箱壳进入发泡模具前或进入发泡模具后，对箱壳的内部进行加热。
10.根据权利要求5～8任意一项所述的保温箱体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保温箱体的制备方法还包括：对箱壳的内部进行加热前对所述箱壳进行预加热；
或，所述保温箱体的制备方法还包括对所述箱壳进行预加热，预加热后，将所述箱壳置入发泡模具中，再对所述箱壳的内部进行加热。
11.一种保温箱体，其特征在于，采用权利要求3～10任意一项所述的保温箱体的制备方法获得。
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