CN113455589A - Preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage - Google Patents
Preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage Download PDFInfo
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- CN113455589A CN113455589A CN202110740734.3A CN202110740734A CN113455589A CN 113455589 A CN113455589 A CN 113455589A CN 202110740734 A CN202110740734 A CN 202110740734A CN 113455589 A CN113455589 A CN 113455589A
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- cyperus esculentus
- peanut
- silage
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- lactobacillus
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 244000285774 Cyperus esculentus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000005853 Cyperus esculentus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000186679 Lactobacillus buchneri Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000191998 Pediococcus acidilactici Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZDXLFJGIPWQALB-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;oxido(oxo)borane;chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]B=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O ZDXLFJGIPWQALB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
Abstract
A preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: respectively sowing peanut seeds and cyperus esculentus tubers with the material number of CHY36-34 for 4-5 months, cutting and harvesting overground parts after the seeds and cyperus esculentus tubers are ripe, slightly airing the harvested peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves, and using the peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves as silage when the water content reaches about 65% -70%; step two: respectively cutting peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves to 3-5 cm, and cutting the raw materials into pieces according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing, and spraying a lactobacillus mixed starter; step three: mixing, spraying lactobacillus mixed starter, compacting, sealing, and storing at room temperature for 1 month. The silage of peanut seedlings and the mixed silage of cyperus esculentus stems and leaves with higher carbohydrate content are good nutrition collocation modes, the growth period of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus is generally 130-160 days, the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus can be sown and harvested at the same time, the time is suitable for simultaneous operation, and the production is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage.
Background
The silage is a coarse fodder obtained by cutting green fodder, and inhibiting the propagation of various mixed bacteria under the condition of closed oxygen deficiency through the fermentation effect of anaerobic lactobacillus. The silage is sour and fragrant in smell, soft and juicy, good in palatability, rich in nutrition, beneficial to long-term storage and is an excellent feed source for livestock.
The peanut is leguminous plant, the peanut vine is rich in protein and trace elements, the palatability is good, and the peanut vine is high-quality pasture. However, the main defects of peanuts as pasture are that the leaves of the peanuts are basically fallen off when the peanuts are harvested, the leaf fall-off rate is over 80 percent, and the nutrient loss is serious; meanwhile, the branches of the peanut seedlings are 10-20, the branches are 50-60cm long, the branches are few, the branches are short, and the yield is general; and the peanut vine has low content of soluble sugar, is not beneficial to lactobacillus fermentation and is not easy to ensile.
Cyperus esculentus is also an oil crop, underground tubers can be used for extracting oil, and stem leaves can be used as feed for cattle, sheep and other livestock. The stem and leaf of the cyperus esculentus contain rich starch and sugar, the content of the starch is 25-40%, and the content of the sugar is 15-20%. The cyperus esculentus has high yield and fast growth, 3000 kilograms of fresh grass can be produced per mu, and 1000 kilograms of underground dry fruits can be produced. However, the protein content of the stem leaves of the cyperus esculentus is low, researches report that the crude protein content of the stem leaves of the cyperus esculentus is 3.9%, the nutrition requirements of animals cannot be met, and food, bean pulp and the like are required to be additionally added for supplementing nutrition during feeding.
Therefore, the method for cultivating the novel peanut seed material which has large biomass on the ground and is not easy to fall leaves in the mature period is a good nutrition collocation way by mixing and ensiling the novel peanut seed material with cyperus esculentus stems and leaves with higher carbohydrate content. The growth period of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus is generally 130-160 days, the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus can be sown and harvested simultaneously, and the time is suitable for simultaneous operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage, which is used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: peanut seeds and cyperus esculentus tubers with the material number of CHY36-34 are sown for 4-5 months, after the peanut seeds and the cyperus esculentus tubers are ripe, overground parts are cut and harvested, then underground peanuts and cyperus esculentus are harvested, parts of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus tubers are reserved as seeds, the rest of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus cakes can be used for pressing oil and refining sugar, the peanut and cyperus esculentus bean cakes are also high-quality feeds, the harvested peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves are slightly aired, and the peanut seedlings and the cyperus esculentus stems and leaves can be used as silage when the water content reaches about 65% -70%;
step two: respectively cutting peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves to 3-5 cm, and cutting the raw materials into pieces according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing, and spraying a lactobacillus mixed starter;
step three: mixing, spraying lactobacillus mixed starter, compacting, sealing, and storing at room temperature for 1 month.
According to the preparation method of the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage, the peanut seeds with the material number of CHY36-34 are mutants obtained by irradiating dry peanut seeds of No. 36 (HY36) with Co60 gamma rays with the dose of 500Gy, and then selecting and breeding the mutants.
The preparation method of the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage comprises the step of mixing Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum) and Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchneri) in any ratio or a mixture of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus buchneri in any ratio.
According to the preparation method of the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage, the viable bacteria content of the lactobacillus mixed starter is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL.
According to the preparation method of the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage, each ton of silage is diluted by 300 ml of the lactobacillus mixed starter culture, and 3-5 times of clear water is added into the lactobacillus mixed starter culture to be uniformly sprayed into the silage.
The preparation method of the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage feed comprises the step three, wherein the sealing operation is plastic bag sealing or cellaring sealing. The bagging method is easy to operate, each bag of the silage raw materials is filled into a special plastic bag, the special plastic bag is trampled and compacted, then redundant air is pumped out, the opening of the bag is sealed, and the bag is tightened.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the peanuts are radiated, and then the novel peanut germplasm material with the material number of CHY36-34, which has the characteristics of multiple branches, fine and long branches, multiple leaves, difficulty in falling off of the leaves in the seed maturation period, less disease spots, large yield of the overground part, long growth period, unsuitability for leaf falling, high protein content and the like, is screened out, so that the peanut seedlings and the peanut leaves can be used as raw materials for producing silage after the peanuts are collected, resources are fully utilized, and the economic benefit of peanut planting is improved; in the actual test planting process, fresh fruits per mu are about 300 kg, peanut seedlings per mu are more than 3000 kg, branches of CHY36-34 are generally 45-60 branches, branches are 70-90cm long, the leaf drop rate is below 10%, the crude protein content of the peanut seedlings of CHY36-34 is 14.66%, and the peanut seedlings are an excellent material for making high-quality pasture and are suitable for making pasture; meanwhile, the seed yield of CHY36-34 is large enough for seed reproduction; the silage of peanut seedlings and the mixed silage of cyperus esculentus stems and leaves with higher carbohydrate content are good nutrition collocation modes, the growth period of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus is generally 130-160 days, the sowing and the harvesting can be carried out simultaneously, the simultaneous operation is suitable in time, and the production is convenient; the simple preparation method of the invention has the advantages of reasonable component proportion of the peanut stem leaf and cyperus esculentus mixed silage and higher feed quality. The silage agent is added for fermentation at a high speed, and the pH value can reach about 4.0 after 1 month of fermentation. The obtained silage is yellow brown, has acid and fragrant taste, soft texture, moist and non-sticky properties, and has high quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a comparative image of seeds of peanut seed stock No. 36 (left peanut seed) and new peanut material obtained under CHY36-34 (right peanut seed) according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a harvested product of peanuts of the present invention designated CHY36-34 after planting;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the invention before and after ensiling.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus according to a mass ratio of 1: 2, adding a lactobacillus mixed starter
(1) Sowing for about 4 months, and harvesting the overground part after the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus are mature. The nutrition value of the later mowing is reduced by timely mowing. Then, underground peanuts and cyperus esculentus are harvested, part of the underground peanuts and cyperus esculentus are reserved as seeds, the rest of the underground peanuts and cyperus esculentus can be used for oil extraction, sugar extraction and the like, and the peanut and cyperus esculentus bean pulp is also a high-quality feed. The harvested peanut seedlings and the cyperus esculentus stems and leaves are slightly aired, and the peanut seedlings and the cyperus esculentus stems and leaves can be used as silage after the water content reaches about 65-70%.
(2) Respectively cutting peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves to 3-5 cm, and cutting the raw materials into pieces according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, and immediately adding the lactobacillus mixed starter. The silage is prepared by mixing 300 ml of lactobacillus mixed starter with 500 ml of lactobacillus for each ton of materials. Diluting the strain liquid with appropriate amount of clear water (3-5 times), and uniformly spraying onto the material. The Lactobacillus mixed starter consists of Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum), Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchneri) and Pediococcus acidilactici (Pediococcus acidilactici), and the viable bacteria content is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL.
(3) The material is compacted and sealed, and a plastic bag and a cellaring method can be generally used. The bagging method is easy to operate, each bag of the silage raw materials is filled into a special plastic bag, the special plastic bag is trampled and compacted, then redundant air is pumped out, the opening of the bag is sealed, and the bag is tightened. Storing at room temperature.
Example 2
The peanuts were separately ensiled and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Cyperus esculentus was separately ensiled and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
Mixing peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus according to a mass ratio of 1: 2, the procedure was the same as in example 1 except that the mixed starter culture with no lactic acid bacteria was added.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the peanuts were separately ensiled without adding the lactic acid bacteria mixed starter.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that cyperus esculentus was separately ensiled without adding the lactic acid bacteria mixed starter.
Taking out the feed after 1 month, and determining the feed quality (shown in table one) and the nutrient components (shown in table two).
Watch 1
TABLE 2 feed Nutrition ingredients (protein, crude fat, starch, crude fiber, ash as a percentage of dry matter)
Watch two
As can be seen from the data in table one, the silage to which the lactobacillus mixed starter is added has good smell and texture no matter the cyperus esculentus is separately silage, the peanuts are separately silage or the peanut vine and cyperus esculentus are mixed silage, while the silage to which the lactobacillus mixed starter is not added has poor smell and texture except that the smell and texture of the peanuts are separately silage, and the smell and texture of the cyperus esculentus is separately silage and the peanut vine and cyperus esculentus are mixed silage; the data in the table II show that the protein content of the cyperus esculentus ensilage is lower than that of the corresponding peanut seedling ensilage without adding the lactobacillus mixed leaven before and after the cyperus esculentus ensilage, the crude fiber content is obviously higher than that of the peanut seedling ensilage, and the problem of low protein content of the cyperus esculentus ensilage can be solved by mixing the cyperus esculentus ensilage and the peanut seedling ensilage, so that the ensilage with balanced nutrient substances is obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: peanut seeds and cyperus esculentus tubers with the material number of CHY36-34 are sown for 4-5 months, after the peanut seeds and the cyperus esculentus tubers are ripe, overground parts are cut and harvested, then underground peanuts and cyperus esculentus are harvested, parts of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus tubers are reserved as seeds, the rest of the peanuts and the cyperus esculentus cakes can be used for pressing oil and refining sugar, the peanut and cyperus esculentus bean cakes are also high-quality feeds, the harvested peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves are slightly aired, and the peanut seedlings and the cyperus esculentus stems and leaves can be used as silage when the water content reaches about 65% -70%;
step two: respectively cutting peanut seedlings and cyperus esculentus stems and leaves to 3-5 cm, and cutting the raw materials into pieces according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing, and spraying a lactobacillus mixed starter;
step three: mixing, spraying lactobacillus mixed starter, compacting, sealing, and storing at room temperature for 1 month.
2. The method for preparing the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the peanut seeds with the number of CHY36-34 are mutants obtained by irradiating dry peanut seeds with the dose of 500Gy and the dose of Co60 gamma rays for flower cultivation of No. 36 (HY36), and then selecting and cultivating the mutants from the progeny of the mutants.
3. The method for preparing the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lactobacillus mixed starter is a mixture prepared by mixing any one or two of lactobacillus and lactobacillus buchneri in any proportion.
4. The method for preparing the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the viable bacteria content of the lactobacillus mixed starter is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL.
5. The method for preparing the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the silage is prepared by uniformly spraying 300-500 ml of lactobacillus mixed starter culture per ton of material, and 3-5 times of clear water into the lactobacillus mixed starter culture for dilution.
6. The method for preparing the peanut-cyperus esculentus mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and the sealing operation in the third step is sealing by a plastic bag or cellaring and sealing.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106819409A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of preparation method of ensilage |
| CN108208339A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ensiling basal feed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106819409A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of preparation method of ensilage |
| CN108208339A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ensiling basal feed |
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