CN113455387A - Screening method of high-oil high-oleic acid salt-resistant peanuts - Google Patents
Screening method of high-oil high-oleic acid salt-resistant peanuts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a screening method of high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts, belonging to the technical field of new peanut variety cultivation, wherein high-oil peanuts are used as female parents, and high-yield high-oleic acid peanuts are used as male parents for hybridization; hybridizing to obtain F1 generation seeds, performing hybrid detection, screening true hybrids, and eliminating false hybrids; f1 seed of the true hybrid is sowed in the field and selfed to obtain F2 generation pod seed; f2 generation seeds, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; performing compound hybridization by taking salt-resistant peanuts as male parents and screened high-oil high-oleic acid F2 generation seeds as female parents to obtain compound-crosslinked F1 pod seeds; and (3) carrying out compound crossing on seeds of the F1 generation, carrying out hybrid property detection, screening true hybrids, eliminating false hybrids and the like. The screening method can obtain the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-resistant peanut variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new peanut variety cultivation, and particularly relates to a screening method of high-oil high-oleic acid salt-resistant peanuts.
Background
China is a country with edible oil shortage, the self-sufficiency rate is only 30%, and 70% of China depends on import. Peanuts account for 48% of the total oil crop yield. 50% of peanuts produced in China are used for processing peanut oil. The self-sufficient rate of edible oil in China is low, and is largely due to the shortage of cultivated land area in China. About 15 hundred million acres of barren saline-alkali soil exist in China, and the research and the application of the saline-alkali soil planting crops are very important. The cultivation of salt-tolerant high-oil-content peanut varieties is a main way for relieving the pressure of edible oil shortage in China. The common peanut variety can not grow normally in saline-alkali soil with salt content of more than 0.4%; the oil content of the common peanut variety kernel is about 50 percent, and the oil content is 55 percent, which is a high-oil variety. As the processing oil, the oil content of the peanut seeds can be increased by 7 percent when the oil content is increased by 1 percent.
The main fatty acid in the peanut oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, the total amount of the oleic acid and the linoleic acid is generally stabilized at 80-85%, and the oleic acid and the linoleic acid show obvious negative correlation. The oleic acid content of common peanut varieties is generally 35-50%, and the oleic acid content of high-oleic-acid peanuts can reach 75-84%. Oleic acid is one of important quality indexes influencing the physical and chemical stability and the nutritional value of the peanut oil, the higher the oleic acid content of the peanut oil is, the better the stability is, the peanut oil is not easy to deteriorate and is beneficial to storage, and the shelf life can be prolonged; meanwhile, the high oleic acid can selectively reduce harmful cholesterol in human blood and keep beneficial cholesterol, thereby slowing down atherosclerosis, effectively preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and the like, and having very important health care function and value.
The cultivation method has the advantages that the peanut variety with salt resistance, high oil content and high oleic acid is cultivated, and the method has important significance for effectively utilizing saline-alkali soil, increasing the yield of peanut oil, improving the health-care function of the peanut, prolonging the quality guarantee period of the peanut, peanut products and peanut oil, relieving the pressure of shortage of edible oil in China, increasing the benefits of farmers, promoting the voyage of agricultural villages and the like. However, no salt-tolerant high-oil content high-oil peanut variety screening method exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a screening method of high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a screening method of salt-tolerant peanuts with high oil content and high oleic acid content comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by using high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-yield high-oleic acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) hybridizing to obtain F1 generation seeds, performing hybrid detection, screening true hybrids, and eliminating false hybrids;
(3) f1 seed of the true hybrid is sowed in the field and selfed to obtain F2 generation pod seed;
(4) f2 generation seeds, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which indicates that 2 pairs of genes for controlling the high oleic acid content have recessive homozygosity after the hybrid seeds are subjected to selfing;
(5) performing compound hybridization by taking salt-resistant peanuts as male parents and screened high-oil high-oleic acid F2 generation seeds as female parents to obtain compound-crosslinked F1 pod seeds;
(6) carrying out compound crossing on seeds of the F1 generation, carrying out hybrid property detection, screening true hybrids and eliminating false hybrids;
(7) f1 seeds of the compound true hybrid are sown in the field and selfed to obtain compound F2 generation pod seeds;
(8) carrying out compound cross on seeds of generation F2, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which indicates that the compound hybrid is subjected to selfing, 2 pairs of genes for controlling high oleic acid content are homozygous, and offspring can not be separated;
(9) the high-oil high-oleic acid compound cross F2 generation seeds obtained by screening are planted in the field, single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked during field observation during growth, single plants with concentrated pods and more fruits are selected during harvest, and the F3 generation seeds are harvested according to the single plants;
(10) harvesting the seeds of the F3 generation, and performing salt tolerance screening on the seeds in a saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to the plant forming row of a single plant;
(11) selecting compound cross F4 seeds, detecting oil content according to single plant by using near infrared instrument, selecting single plant with oil content above 55%;
(12) continuously performing salt tolerance screening on screened compound cross F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to single plant planting row;
(13) selecting compound cross F5 generation pod seed, detecting oil content according to single plant by near infrared instrument, selecting single plant with oil content above 55%;
(14) continuously growing screened multiple cross F5 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to the single plants to form plant rows, and mixing the single plants with consistent, high-yield and salt-tolerant character performance in the same plant row to form a plant system;
(15) and (3) detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content of the mixed strain seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, wherein the strain with the oil content of more than 55 percent and the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent becomes a high-yield salt-tolerant high-oil high-oleic acid strain.
Preferably, in the step (1), the high-oil peanuts with the oil content of more than 55% are selected as female parents, and the high-oleic acid peanuts with the oleic acid content of more than 75% are selected as male parents.
Preferably, in the step (2), because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be fertilized with the pistil of the same flower to cause selfing, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids; the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes; detecting seeds of the F1 generation by using a molecular auxiliary means, and determining a false hybrid if the gene sequence is the same as the high-oil-content mother seeds; the genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
Preferably, in the step (5), the salt-tolerant peanuts normally grow on saline-alkali land with the salt content of 0.4-0.5%, and the pod yield is normal.
Preferably, in the step (6), because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be fertilized with the pistil of the same flower to cause selfing, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids; the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes; detecting seeds of the F1 generation by using a molecular auxiliary means, and if the gene sequence is the same as the double-cross salt-tolerant female parent, determining the seeds are false hybrids; the genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
Preferably, in the step (10), a single plant which is strong in seedling stage growth, concentrated in flowering and good in plant shape, normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, has multiple fruits in the harvest stage and regular and consistent fruits is selected, and pod compound cross F4 seeds are harvested according to the single plant.
Preferably, in the step (11), the seeds with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75% selected in the F2 generation are homozygous for the high oleic acid gene, and the oleic acid content of the offspring can not be separated; and the offspring with oil content will continue to separate; therefore, near infrared is utilized to detect the oil content, and high-oil high-oleic acid single plants with the oil content of more than 55% are screened from the oil content.
Preferably, in the step (12), a single plant which is strong in seedling stage growth, concentrated in flowering and good in plant shape, normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, has multiple fruits in the harvest stage and regular and consistent fruits is selected, and pod compound cross F5 seeds are harvested according to the single plant.
Preferably, the sowing in the steps (2) to (15) is single-seed sowing; in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25-35 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
Preferably, in the steps (2) to (15), after sowing, spraying a herbicide for killing monocotyledons, and then covering a mulching film; the requirements of sowing on a test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K of 15% of each soil is used, and an octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests; selecting soil with proper soil moisture content for sowing in proper period, and keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days to be more than 18 ℃ to be the proper sowing period; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 60-70%. Can be watered in advance to form soil moisture. During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The principle of high and low oleic acid content: the widely used peanut high oleic acid material is an F435 type mutant which is a recessive mutation and comprises RF-448 bpG/A substitution of ahFAD2A and 'A' insertion of ORF-441-442 of ahFAD2B, so that FAD2 enzyme is partially or completely inactivated, and the conversion process of oleic acid to linoleic acid is blocked to generate a high oleic acid character. When 2 pairs of genes are all negative pure, the oleic acid is high (more than 75 percent); when dominantly pure, it appears as low oleic acid (35-50%); the oleic acid content is about 60 percent when the gene is heterozygous (dominant recessive genes exist in cells of the same plant).
The positive significance of the invention is as follows:
1) the invention adopts a composite hybridization method to obtain stable and inherited characteristics of high yield, high oil content, high oleic acid content and salt and alkali resistance, and cultivates a high-yield high-oil content high-oleic acid salt-resistant peanut variety suitable for the environment of saline-alkali soil. The method has important significance for effectively utilizing saline-alkali soil, expanding the use area of cultivated land, increasing the total yield of peanut oil, producing peanuts with high quality, strong health care function and long shelf life, and relieving the pressure that edible oil depends on import and is in short supply in China and the like.
2) The implementation of the method is of great significance for accelerating the breeding process, cultivating the high-yield peanut variety which normally grows on saline-alkali land with the salt content of 0.4-0.5%, has normal pod yield, the oil content of the high-oil standard (the oil content of the kernels is more than 55%) and the oleic acid content of the high-oleic acid standard (more than 75%), effectively utilizing the saline-alkali land, increasing the total yield of the peanut oil, producing the peanuts with high quality, strong health care function and long shelf life, and solving the problems of edible oil dependence on import, edible oil safety and the like in China.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the invention are shown below.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A screening method of salt-tolerant peanuts with high oil content and high oleic acid content comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by using high-oil (oil content is more than 55%) peanuts as a female parent and high-yield high-oleic acid (oleic acid content is more than 75%) peanuts as a male parent;
(2) hybridizing to obtain F1 generation seeds, performing hybrid detection, screening true hybrids, and eliminating false hybrids;
because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids. Because the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes. The seeds of the F1 generation are detected by a molecular auxiliary means, and if the gene sequence is the same as the high-oil-mother, the hybrid is false. The genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
(3) F1 seed of the true hybrid is sowed in the field and selfed to obtain F2 generation pod seed;
(4) f2 generation seeds, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which shows that 2 pairs of genes for controlling the high oleic acid content are recessive homozygous after the hybrid seeds are selfed.
(5) Salt-tolerant peanuts (normally growing on saline-alkali land with salt content of 0.4% and normal pod yield) are used as male parents, screened high-oil high-oleic acid F2 generation seeds are used as female parents, and compound hybridization is carried out to obtain compound-bred F1 pod seeds;
(6) carrying out compound crossing on seeds of the F1 generation, carrying out hybrid property detection, screening true hybrids and eliminating false hybrids;
because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids. Because the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes. The molecular auxiliary means is used to detect F1 generation seed, if the gene sequence is the same as the salt-tolerant female parent, it is a false hybrid. The genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
(7) F1 seeds of the compound true hybrid are sown in the field and selfed to obtain compound F2 generation pod seeds.
(8) Carrying out compound cross on seeds of generation F2, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which indicates that the compound hybrid is subjected to selfing, 2 pairs of genes for controlling high oleic acid content are homozygous, and the offspring can not be separated.
(9) The high-oil high-oleic acid compound cross F2 seed obtained by screening is planted in the field, and the individual plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape (upright plant shape, about 10 branches and lodging resistance at the later growth period) are marked by field observation during the growth period, and the individual plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and the pods (compound cross F3 seeds) are harvested according to the individual plants;
(10) the harvested compound cross F3 generation seeds are subjected to salt tolerance screening on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4 percent according to the plant forming rows of single plants;
selecting a single plant which is strong in seedling growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape (the plant shape is vertical and the number of branches is about 10), normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and regular and consistent in fruiting in the harvest period, and harvesting the pods (compound F4 generation seeds) according to the single plant.
(11) And (3) detecting the oil content of the selected compound cross F4 generation seeds according to single plants by using a near infrared instrument, and selecting the single plants with the oil content of more than 55 percent.
In the seeds with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75% selected in the F2 generation of the compound cross, the high oleic acid gene is homozygous, and the oleic acid content of the offspring can not be separated. And the oil content offspring will continue to segregate. Therefore, near infrared is utilized to detect the oil content, and high-oil high-oleic acid single plants with the oil content of more than 55% are screened from the oil content.
(12) And (3) continuously carrying out salt tolerance screening on the screened compound cross F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4% according to the plant forming rows of the single plants.
Selecting a single plant which is strong in seedling growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape (the plant shape is vertical and the number of branches is about 10), normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and regular and consistent in fruiting in the harvest period, and harvesting the pods (compound F5 generation seeds) according to the single plant.
(13) And (3) detecting the oil content of the selected double-cross F5-generation pod seeds according to single plants by using a near-infrared instrument, and selecting the single plants with the oil content of more than 55 percent.
(14) And (3) continuously growing the screened multiple-cross F5-generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to the single plant species into plant rows, and mixing the single plants with consistent, high-yield and salt-tolerant character expression in the same plant row to form a plant system.
(15) The mixed strain seeds are tested for oil content and oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and the strains with the oil content of more than 55 percent and the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent (2 pairs of recessive genes are homozygous because of the detection of more than 75 percent by the compound cross F2 generation, and the progeny is certainly more than 75 percent) become high-yield salt-resistant high-oil high-oleic acid strains.
The above (2) to (15) seeding are all single-seed seeding. Ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25cm, the hole distance is 16cm, and 1 seed is sowed in each hole. After sowing, spraying herbicide for killing monocotyledons and then covering with mulching film. The requirements for the test field are that the soil which has not been planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 30 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 15 percent respectively), and pesticides such as phoxim and the like are properly used for preventing and controlling underground pests. The proper period is suitable for sowing in soil moisture content, and the proper sowing period is realized by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the underground above 18 ℃. The soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hand (the soil moisture content is 60%). If no rainfall exists, water can be filled in advance to form soil moisture (for example, the water can be drained from the yellow river for irrigation in the Dongying saline-alkali soil). During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
Example 2
A screening method of salt-tolerant peanuts with high oil content and high oleic acid content comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by using high-oil (oil content is more than 55%) peanuts as a female parent and high-yield high-oleic acid (oleic acid content is more than 75%) peanuts as a male parent;
(2) hybridizing to obtain F1 generation seeds, performing hybrid detection, screening true hybrids, and eliminating false hybrids;
because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids. Because the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes. The seeds of the F1 generation are detected by a molecular auxiliary means, and if the gene sequence is the same as the high-oil-mother, the hybrid is false. The genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
(3) F1 seed of the true hybrid is sowed in the field and selfed to obtain F2 generation pod seed;
(4) f2 generation seeds, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which shows that 2 pairs of genes for controlling the high oleic acid content are recessive homozygous after the hybrid seeds are selfed.
(5) Salt-tolerant peanuts (normally growing on saline-alkali land with salt content of 0.5% and normal pod yield) are used as male parents, screened high-oil high-oleic acid F2 generation seeds are used as female parents, and compound hybridization is carried out to obtain compound-bred F1 pod seeds;
(6) carrying out compound crossing on seeds of the F1 generation, carrying out hybrid property detection, screening true hybrids and eliminating false hybrids;
because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids. Because the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes. The molecular auxiliary means is used to detect F1 generation seed, if the gene sequence is the same as the salt-tolerant female parent, it is a false hybrid. The genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
(7) F1 seeds of the compound true hybrid are sown in the field and selfed to obtain compound F2 generation pod seeds.
(8) Carrying out compound cross on seeds of generation F2, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which indicates that the compound hybrid is subjected to selfing, 2 pairs of genes for controlling high oleic acid content are homozygous, and the offspring can not be separated.
(9) The high-oil high-oleic acid compound cross F2 seed obtained by screening is planted in the field, and the individual plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape (upright plant shape, about 10 branches and lodging resistance at the later growth period) are marked by field observation during the growth period, and the individual plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and the pods (compound cross F3 seeds) are harvested according to the individual plants;
(10) the harvested compound cross F3 generation seeds are subjected to salt tolerance screening on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5 percent according to the plant forming rows of single plants;
selecting a single plant which is strong in seedling growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape (the plant shape is vertical and the number of branches is about 10), normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and regular and consistent in fruiting in the harvest period, and harvesting the pods (compound F4 generation seeds) according to the single plant.
(11) And (3) detecting the oil content of the selected compound cross F4 generation seeds according to single plants by using a near infrared instrument, and selecting the single plants with the oil content of more than 55 percent.
In the seeds with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75% selected in the F2 generation of the compound cross, the high oleic acid gene is homozygous, and the oleic acid content of the offspring can not be separated. And the oil content offspring will continue to segregate. Therefore, near infrared is utilized to detect the oil content, and high-oil high-oleic acid single plants with the oil content of more than 55% are screened from the oil content.
(12) And (3) continuously carrying out salt tolerance screening on the screened compound cross F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.5% according to the plant forming rows of the single plants.
Selecting a single plant which is strong in seedling growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape (the plant shape is vertical and the number of branches is about 10), normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and regular and consistent in fruiting in the harvest period, and harvesting the pods (compound F5 generation seeds) according to the single plant.
(13) And (3) detecting the oil content of the selected double-cross F5-generation pod seeds according to single plants by using a near-infrared instrument, and selecting the single plants with the oil content of more than 55 percent.
(14) The screened multiple cross F5 generation high oil and high oleic acid single plants continue to grow into plant rows on the saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.5 percent according to the single plant species, and the single plants with the characteristics of constant performance, high yield and salt tolerance in the same plant row are mixed to form a plant system.
(15) The mixed strain seeds are tested for oil content and oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and the strains with the oil content of more than 55 percent and the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent (2 pairs of recessive genes are homozygous because of the detection of more than 75 percent by the compound cross F2 generation, and the progeny is certainly more than 75 percent) become high-yield salt-resistant high-oil high-oleic acid strains.
The above (2) to (15) seeding are all single-seed seeding. Ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 100cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 35cm, the hole distance is 20cm, and 1 seed is sowed in each hole. After sowing, spraying herbicide for killing monocotyledons and then covering with mulching film. The requirements for the test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 4000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu is used before ploughing, or 250 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer and 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (N, P, K are 15 percent respectively), and pesticides such as phoxim and the like are properly used for preventing and controlling underground pests. The proper period is suitable for sowing in soil moisture content, and the proper sowing period is realized by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the underground above 18 ℃. The soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands (the soil moisture content is 70%). If no rainfall exists, water can be filled in advance to form soil moisture (for example, the water can be drained from the yellow river for irrigation in the Dongying saline-alkali soil). During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
Example 3
A screening method of salt-tolerant peanuts with high oil content and high oleic acid content comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by using high-oil (oil content is more than 55%) peanuts as a female parent and high-yield high-oleic acid (oleic acid content is more than 75%) peanuts as a male parent;
(2) hybridizing to obtain F1 generation seeds, performing hybrid detection, screening true hybrids, and eliminating false hybrids;
because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids. Because the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes. The seeds of the F1 generation are detected by a molecular auxiliary means, and if the gene sequence is the same as the high-oil-mother, the hybrid is false. The genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
(3) F1 seed of the true hybrid is sowed in the field and selfed to obtain F2 generation pod seed;
(4) f2 generation seeds, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which shows that 2 pairs of genes for controlling the high oleic acid content are recessive homozygous after the hybrid seeds are selfed.
(5) Salt-tolerant peanuts (normally growing on saline-alkali land with salt content of 0.45% and normal pod yield) are used as male parents, screened high-oil high-oleic acid F2 generation seeds are used as female parents, and compound hybridization is carried out to obtain compound-bred F1 pod seeds;
(6) carrying out compound crossing on seeds of the F1 generation, carrying out hybrid property detection, screening true hybrids and eliminating false hybrids;
because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids. Because the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes. The molecular auxiliary means is used to detect F1 generation seed, if the gene sequence is the same as the salt-tolerant female parent, it is a false hybrid. The genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
(7) F1 seeds of the compound true hybrid are sown in the field and selfed to obtain compound F2 generation pod seeds.
(8) Carrying out compound cross on seeds of generation F2, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%; the oleic acid content is more than 75 percent, which indicates that the compound hybrid is subjected to selfing, 2 pairs of genes for controlling high oleic acid content are homozygous, and the offspring can not be separated.
(9) The high-oil high-oleic acid compound cross F2 seed obtained by screening is planted in the field, and the individual plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape (upright plant shape, about 10 branches and lodging resistance at the later growth period) are marked by field observation during the growth period, and the individual plants with concentrated pods and more single plants are selected in the harvest period, and the pods (compound cross F3 seeds) are harvested according to the individual plants;
(10) the harvested compound cross F3 generation seeds are subjected to salt tolerance screening on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.45% according to the plant forming rows of single plants;
selecting a single plant which is strong in seedling growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape (the plant shape is vertical and the number of branches is about 10), normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and regular and consistent in fruiting in the harvest period, and harvesting the pods (compound F4 generation seeds) according to the single plant.
(11) And (3) detecting the oil content of the selected compound cross F4 generation seeds according to single plants by using a near infrared instrument, and selecting the single plants with the oil content of more than 55 percent.
In the seeds with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75% selected in the F2 generation of the compound cross, the high oleic acid gene is homozygous, and the oleic acid content of the offspring can not be separated. And the oil content offspring will continue to segregate. Therefore, near infrared is utilized to detect the oil content, and high-oil high-oleic acid single plants with the oil content of more than 55% are screened from the oil content.
(12) And (3) continuously carrying out salt tolerance screening on the screened compound cross F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.45% according to the plant forming rows of the single plants.
Selecting a single plant which is strong in seedling growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape (the plant shape is vertical and the number of branches is about 10), normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and regular and consistent in fruiting in the harvest period, and harvesting the pods (compound F5 generation seeds) according to the single plant.
(13) And (3) detecting the oil content of the selected double-cross F5-generation pod seeds according to single plants by using a near-infrared instrument, and selecting the single plants with the oil content of more than 55 percent.
(14) And (3) continuously growing the screened multiple-cross F5-generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to the single plant species into plant rows, and mixing the single plants with consistent, high-yield and salt-tolerant character expression in the same plant row to form a plant system.
(15) The mixed strain seeds are tested for oil content and oleic acid content by a near infrared instrument, and the strains with the oil content of more than 55 percent and the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent (2 pairs of recessive genes are homozygous because of the detection of more than 75 percent by the compound cross F2 generation, and the progeny is certainly more than 75 percent) become high-yield salt-resistant high-oil high-oleic acid strains.
The above (2) to (15) seeding are all single-seed seeding. Ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 90cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 30cm, the hole distance is 18cm, and 1 seed is sowed in each hole. After sowing, spraying herbicide for killing monocotyledons and then covering with mulching film. The requirements for the test field are that the soil which has not been planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 200 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer and 40 kilograms of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (N, P, K is 15 percent respectively), and pesticides such as phoxim and the like are properly used for preventing and controlling underground pests. The proper period is suitable for sowing in soil moisture content, and the proper sowing period is realized by keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days and keeping the temperature of the underground above 18 ℃. The soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hand (the soil moisture content is 65%). If no rainfall exists, water can be filled in advance to form soil moisture (for example, the water can be drained from the yellow river for irrigation in the Dongying saline-alkali soil). During the growth period, attention is paid to control pests. The bollworm can be controlled by spraying chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, DuPont, etc. During the middle and later period of growth, rainfall is more, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to. Harvesting in a proper period, and harvesting when the textures of most pods are clear, the shells are hardened, and the inner walls of the shells are turned into a dark brown hardened patch structure. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in time to avoid rain, and can be put in storage for preservation when the water content is below 10 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Other technical features than those described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein in detail in order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for screening high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing by using high-oil peanuts as a female parent and high-yield high-oleic acid peanuts as a male parent;
(2) hybridizing to obtain F1 generation seeds, performing hybrid detection, screening true hybrids, and eliminating false hybrids;
(3) f1 seed of the true hybrid is sowed in the field and selfed to obtain F2 generation pod seed;
(4) f2 generation seeds, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%;
(5) performing compound hybridization by taking salt-resistant peanuts as male parents and screened high-oil high-oleic acid F2 generation seeds as female parents to obtain compound-crosslinked F1 pod seeds;
(6) carrying out compound crossing on seeds of the F1 generation, carrying out hybrid property detection, screening true hybrids and eliminating false hybrids;
(7) f1 seeds of the compound true hybrid are sown in the field and selfed to obtain compound F2 generation pod seeds;
(8) carrying out compound cross on seeds of generation F2, carrying out nondestructive detection on the oil content and the oleic acid content of the seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, and screening high-oil high-oleic acid seeds with the oil content of more than 55% and the oleic acid content of more than 75%;
(9) the high-oil high-oleic acid compound cross F2 generation seeds obtained by screening are planted in the field, single plants with early emergence, concentrated flowering and good plant shape are marked during field observation during growth, single plants with concentrated pods and more fruits are selected during harvest, and the F3 generation seeds are harvested according to the single plants;
(10) harvesting the seeds of the F3 generation, and performing salt tolerance screening on the seeds in a saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to the plant forming row of a single plant;
(11) selecting compound cross F4 seeds, detecting oil content according to single plant by using near infrared instrument, selecting single plant with oil content above 55%;
(12) continuously performing salt tolerance screening on screened compound cross F4 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to single plant planting row;
(13) selecting compound cross F5 generation pod seed, detecting oil content according to single plant by near infrared instrument, selecting single plant with oil content above 55%;
(14) continuously growing screened multiple cross F5 generation high-oil high-oleic acid single plants on saline-alkali soil with salt content of 0.4-0.5% according to the single plants to form plant rows, and mixing the single plants with consistent, high-yield and salt-tolerant character performance in the same plant row to form a plant system;
(15) and (3) detecting the oil content and the oleic acid content of the mixed strain seeds by using a near-infrared instrument, wherein the strain with the oil content of more than 55 percent and the oleic acid content of more than 75 percent becomes a high-yield salt-tolerant high-oil high-oleic acid strain.
2. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the high-oil peanuts with oil content of more than 55% are selected as female parents, and the high-oleic-acid peanuts with oleic acid content of more than 75% are selected as male parents.
3. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with the pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids; the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes; detecting seeds of the F1 generation by using a molecular auxiliary means, and determining a false hybrid if the gene sequence is the same as the high-oil-content mother seeds; the genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
4. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (5), the salt-tolerant peanuts normally grow on saline-alkali ground with the salt content of 0.4-0.5%, and the pod yield is normal.
5. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (6), because of the hybridization process, the female parent is usually emasculated incompletely, the pollen in the residual anther can be pollinated and fertilized with the pistil of the same flower, so that the selfing is caused, and the seeds of the anther are false hybrids; the high oleic acid character is controlled by 2 pairs of recessive genes; detecting seeds of the F1 generation by using a molecular auxiliary means, and if the gene sequence is the same as the double-cross salt-tolerant female parent, determining the seeds are false hybrids; the genotype of the true hybrid is heterozygous, namely the non-high oleic acid gene of the female parent and the high oleic acid gene of the male parent coexist.
6. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (10), a single plant which is strong in seedling stage growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape, normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and has multiple fruits in the harvest stage and regular and consistent fruits is selected, and pod compound cross F4 seeds are harvested according to the single plant.
7. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (11), the high oleic acid gene is homozygous in the seeds with oil content of more than 55% and oleic acid content of more than 75% selected from the generation F2, and the oleic acid content of the progeny can not be separated; and the offspring with oil content will continue to separate; therefore, near infrared is utilized to detect the oil content, and high-oil high-oleic acid single plants with the oil content of more than 55% are screened from the oil content.
8. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (12), a single plant which is strong in seedling stage growth, concentrated in flowering, good in plant shape, normal in growth in the middle and later stages, affected by salt stress, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and has multiple fruits in the harvest stage and regular and consistent fruits is selected, and pod compound cross F5 seeds are harvested according to the single plant.
9. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: sowing in the steps (2) to (15) is single-seed sowing; in the single-seed sowing, ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 80-100 cm, 2 rows are planted on each ridge, the small row distance on each ridge is 25-35 cm, the hole distance is 16-20cm, and 1 seed is sown in each hole.
10. The screening method of the high-oil high-oleic acid salt-tolerant peanuts according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the steps (2) - (15), spraying herbicide for killing monocotyledons after sowing, and then covering a mulching film; the requirements of sowing on a test field are that the soil is not planted with peanuts for more than 1 year, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu is used as a base fertilizer before ploughing, or 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer containing N, P, K of 15% of each soil is used, and an octyl sulfur phosphorus pesticide is used for preventing and controlling underground pests; selecting soil with proper soil moisture content for sowing in proper period, and keeping the temperature of the underground 5cm ground for more than 5 days to be more than 18 ℃ to be the proper sowing period; the soil moisture content is suitable for the soil in the plough layer to be held and agglomerated and to be loosened by hands, and the water content of the soil is 60-70%.
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| CN110073968A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-02 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of fast breeding method of high oily salt tolerant peanut |
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