CN113455152A

CN113455152A - Paper bowl type vegetable transplanting machine, vegetable transplanting method and vegetable planting method

Info

Publication number: CN113455152A
Application number: CN202110873552.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 严伟; 张文毅; 胡敏娟; 李坤
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2021-07-30
Filing date: 2021-07-30
Publication date: 2021-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-30
Also published as: CN113455152B

Abstract

The invention discloses a paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine, a vegetable transplanting method and a vegetable planting method, wherein the transplanting machine comprises a rack, and a traction mechanism connected with a tractor is arranged on the rack; the frame is provided with a rotary tillage device, a ridging device, a transplanting device, a furrow opener and a soil covering and seedling erecting device; the transplanting device comprises a seedling tray support body, a blanking slideway and a paper pot seedling tray; the seedling tray support body is fixed on the rack and used for placing the paper pot seedling tray, and a paper pot outlet is formed in the rear side of the seedling tray support body; the discharging chute extends backwards from the outlet of the paper bowl; the paper pot seedling tray comprises a plurality of paper pots, and vegetable seedlings are filled in all the paper pots; all the paper pots contained in the same paper pot seedling tray are connected in series. According to the invention, vegetables are cultivated in the paper pot seedling tray, and the paper pot together with the vegetable seedlings is transplanted to the field during transplanting, so that the transplanting mode has wide applicability, low manual work intensity along with mechanical work, good planting quality and high operation efficiency.

Description

Paper bowl type vegetable transplanting machine, vegetable transplanting method and vegetable planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine, a vegetable transplanting method and a vegetable planting method.

Background

In agriculture, a lot of vegetables need to be cultivated into seedlings in a greenhouse and then transplanted into a field, because the shapes of various vegetables are greatly different, no general transplanting machine can complete full-automatic transplanting of various vegetables, special transplanting machines are often required to be designed for different vegetables, most of existing semi-automatic transplanting machines need to manually place vegetable seedlings on special seedling clamps one by one, and then transplanting operation is carried out, so that the manual working strength is high, and the machine tool operation efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems of high labor intensity of single plant operation, low operation efficiency of machines and tools and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a paper bowl type vegetable transplanting machine, a vegetable transplanting method and a vegetable planting method which can be used for transplanting different vegetables.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the paper bowl type vegetable transplanter comprises a frame, wherein a traction mechanism connected with a tractor is arranged on the frame;

the frame is provided with a rotary tillage device, a ridging device, a transplanting device opener and a soil covering and seedling erecting device;

the transplanting device comprises a seedling tray support body, a blanking slideway and a paper pot seedling tray; the seedling tray support body is fixed on the rack and used for placing the paper pot seedling tray, and a paper pot outlet is formed in the rear side of the seedling tray support body; the discharging chute extends backwards from the outlet of the paper bowl; the paper pot seedling tray comprises a plurality of paper pots, and vegetable seedlings are filled in all the paper pots; all the paper pots contained in the same paper pot seedling tray are connected in series;

the furrow opener is arranged at the tail part of the blanking slideway; and the soil covering and seedling erecting device is used for covering soil on the groove formed by the furrow opener.

And all the paper bowls contained in the paper bowl seedling tray are densely arranged into a non-single-row composite paper bowl array, and in the blanking process, the composite paper bowl array is gradually unfolded into a single-row paper bowl array and moves along the blanking slideway.

The paper bowl is square or hexagonal, and correspondingly, the composite paper bowl array is a square array or a honeycomb array.

The blanking slideway is obliquely arranged; the front end of the furrow opener is provided with a cutting edge, and the rear side of the furrow opener is provided with a notch which is communicated up and down and has an open rear end.

The rack is also provided with a rest stand and a seat; the shelf is used for placing the paper pot seedling tray.

A vegetable transplanting method is applied to the paper bowl type vegetable transplanting machine and comprises the following steps:

placing the paper pot seedling tray into the seedling tray support;

unfolding a part of the paper pots of the paper pot seedling tray into a single-row paper pot array arranged along the blanking slide way, and embedding the rearmost ends of the single-row paper pot array into soil;

the paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine is pulled to move forwards, in the process, the rotary tillage device, the ridging device, the furrow opener and the soil covering and seedling erecting device respectively carry out rotary tillage, ridging, ditching and soil covering operations, and a single row of paper pot arrays generated by the paper pot seedling tray sequentially enter the grooves formed by the furrow opener along the blanking slide ways and are buried in the grooves by the soil covering and seedling erecting device.

A method of vegetable planting, the method comprising:

obtaining empty paper pot tray bodies, and carrying out soil loading, seed throwing and fertilizer spreading operation on the paper pots contained in the paper pot tray bodies to form a seedling tray in a first state;

cultivating the seedling tray in the first state to enable seeds in the paper pots to grow into transplantable seedlings to form the paper pot seedling tray;

the vegetable transplanting method is implemented.

Has the advantages that: according to the paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine, the vegetable transplanting method and the vegetable planting method, vegetables are cultivated in the paper pot seedling tray, and the paper pot together with the vegetable seedlings is transplanted to a field during transplanting.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first view structural view of a paper bowl type vegetable transplanter;

FIG. 2 is a second view structural view of the bowl type vegetable transplanter;

FIG. 3 is a combined structure diagram of a seedling tray support body, a blanking slideway and a furrow opener;

FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a first paper pot seedling tray;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a second paper pot seedling tray;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged structural view of portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a pipeline apparatus;

FIG. 8 is a combination view of the tray body and the holding frame of the paper bowl;

FIG. 9 is a structural view of the first connecting portion;

FIG. 10 is a structural view of a second connecting portion;

fig. 11 is a structural view of the first connection portion and the second connection portion after connection.

In the figure: a, ridging; b-a trench; 1-a frame; 11-a traction mechanism; 2-a rotary tillage device; 21-cutter shaft; 22-rotary tillage cutter group; 3-a ridging device; 31-a notch; 4-transplanting the device; 41-seedling tray support body; 411-the outlet of the paper bowl; 42-a blanking slideway; 43-paper pot seedling tray; 431-a paper bowl; 432-a connecting strap; 433 — a first endless belt; 434-a second endless belt; 435-detachable bowl body; 436-fold over; 5-a furrow opener; 51-cutting edge; 52-notches; 6-a soil covering and seedling erecting device; 61-soil covering wheels; 7-a shelf; 8-a seat; 9-a pipeline device; 91-a transfer device; 92-a tray body feeding device; 93-a soil loading device; 94-a seed throwing device; 941-seed separating wheel; 95-a soil covering and seedling erecting device; 96-a fertilizing device; 97-holding frame.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The paper bowl type vegetable transplanting machine shown in the attached figures 1-2 comprises a frame 1, wherein a traction mechanism 11 connected with a tractor is arranged on the frame 1; in this embodiment, the traction mechanism 11 is a three-point hitch mechanism.

The machine frame 1 is provided with five devices, namely a rotary tillage device 2, a ridging device 3, a transplanting device 4, a furrow opener 5 and a soil covering and seedling erecting device 6, which are respectively used for rotary tillage and ridging of the soil, forming of a groove on the ridge, moving of vegetable seedlings into the groove and soil covering and compaction of the groove.

The rotary cultivator attachment 2 includes a blade shaft 21 and a plurality of rotary blade sets 22 provided in an axial direction of the blade shaft 21.

The ridge forming device 3 is plate-shaped, and has a notch 31 formed at the lower side thereof, and is capable of gathering the soil pieces rotary-tilled by the rotary tilling device 2 into a ridge a as shown in fig. 1. The furrow opener 5 is used for opening a groove B at the top of the ridge A for planting vegetable seedlings.

The transplanting device 4 is used for transplanting vegetable seedlings into the grooves B and comprises a seedling tray support body 41, a blanking slideway 42 and a paper pot seedling tray 43; as shown in fig. 3, the seedling tray support 41 is fixed on the frame 1, is used for placing the paper pot seedling tray 43, and is provided with a paper pot outlet 411 at the rear side; the blanking chute 42 extends backwards from the bowl outlet 411; the paper pot seedling tray 43 comprises a plurality of paper pots 431, and vegetable seedlings are filled in all the paper pots 431; all the paper pots 431 contained in the same paper pot seedling tray 43 are connected in series; all the paper pots 431 contained in the paper pot seedling tray 43 are densely arranged into a composite paper pot array in a non-single row arrangement.

The furrow opener 5 is arranged at the tail part of the blanking slideway 42; the soil covering and seedling erecting device 6 is used for performing soil covering treatment on the grooves formed by the furrow opener 5. The soil covering and seedling standing device 6 comprises two soil covering wheels 61 which are arranged in a V shape.

The invention also provides a vegetable transplanting method, which is applied to the paper bowl type vegetable transplanting machine and comprises the following steps:

step S101, placing the paper pot seedling tray 43 into the seedling tray support body 41;

step S102, unfolding a part of the paper bowls 431 of the paper bowl seedling tray 43 into a single-row paper bowl array arranged along the blanking slideway 42, embedding the rearmost ends of the single-row paper bowl array into soil and compacting the soil;

step S103, the paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine is pulled to move forwards, in the process, the rotary tillage device 2, the ridging device 3, the furrow opener 5 and the soil covering and seedling erecting device 6 respectively perform rotary tillage, ridging, ditching and soil covering operations, and a single-row paper pot array generated by the paper pot seedling tray 43 sequentially enters the grooves formed by the furrow opener 5 along the blanking slide ways 42 and is filled in the grooves by the soil covering and seedling erecting device 6.

In step S102, the rearmost end of the single discharge pot array is buried in the soil for the purpose of: when the rack 1 is pulled forward by a tractor in the subsequent step S103, since the rearmost end of the single-row paper pot array is fixed and does not move along with the rack 1, a dragging force is formed at the rearmost end of the single-row paper pot array, so that the composite paper pot array in the seedling tray support body 41 is gradually unfolded into the single-row paper pot array and moves along the discharging slideway 42, and finally falls into the groove formed by the furrow opener 5, and the paper pot 431 with the roots of the vegetable seedlings therein are buried and compacted by the soil covering and seedling erecting device 6. Through the step S102, the serial relation between the paper pots 431 is fully utilized, so that the state transition of the paper pot seedling tray 43 can be realized without additionally arranging a blanking mechanism.

Therefore, vegetable seedlings do not need to be taken out of the paper pot 431 during planting, the vegetable seedlings are planted into the soil along with the paper pot 431, and a seedling taking mechanism is not needed in the planting mode, so that the seedling damage rate can be effectively reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved; and the paper bowl 431 has low cost and good environmental protection property, and is beneficial to large-area popularization and application.

The blanking slide way 42 is obliquely arranged; the furrow opener 5 is fixed at the lowest end of the blanking slideway 42, as shown in fig. 6, the front end of the furrow opener 5 is provided with a cutting edge 51, the rear side of the furrow opener is provided with a notch 52 which is through from top to bottom and has an open rear end, so that the paper bowl 431 slides through the blanking slideway 42 to enter the notch 52 and falls into the groove bottom of the groove opened by the furrow opener 5, and thus, the paper bowl 431 can be ensured to smoothly fall into the groove bottom, and the influence on the burying depth of the paper bowl 431 caused by the soil collapse of the two sides before the paper bowl 431 falls into the groove opened by the furrow opener 5 can be avoided.

The paper bowl 431 is made of paper materials which can be permeable to air and water, the bottom of the paper bowl seedling tray 43 is of a hollow structure, and therefore the paper bowl 431 cannot influence the air permeability and water absorption of the vegetable seedling roots after the vegetable seedlings are buried, and the development of the vegetable seedling roots cannot be restrained.

The paper pots 431 are square or hexagonal, and correspondingly, the composite paper pot array is a square array (as shown in fig. 4) or a honeycomb array (as shown in fig. 5).

The paper pots 431 are connected in series through the connecting belt 432, when the paper pot seedling tray 43 is in a composite paper pot array state, the connecting belt 432 is in a folded state or is attached to the side walls of the paper pots 431, so that the connecting belt 432 is hidden visually, all the paper pots 431 are attached to each other tightly, and more paper pots 431 are accommodated in a set area as much as possible; when a part or all of the paper pot seedling disk 43 is unfolded into a single row paper pot array, the connecting belt 432 is completely unfolded, and the connecting belt 432 enables a certain distance between the adjacent paper pots 431. In practical implementation, the length of the connecting band 432 can be set according to the target planting distance of the vegetables, so that the vegetable seedlings can be planted at the set distance.

Preferably, the empty tray body (i.e. the collection of all the paper bowls 431 and the connecting bands 432, namely the form of the paper tray seedling 43 without vegetable seedlings and soil) can be folded, and the folded tray body is compressed into a flat plate shape, so that the empty tray body can be conveniently transported and stored.

The rack 1 is also provided with a rest stand 7 and a seat 8; the rest stand 7 is used for placing a plurality of paper pot seedling trays 43, and the seat 8 is used for seating workers. When the paper pot seedling tray 43 in the seedling tray support body 41 is about to be exhausted, the worker places the new paper pot seedling tray 43 on the placement frame 7 into the seedling tray support body 41 and connects the head end of the new paper pot seedling tray 43 with the tail end of the old paper pot seedling tray 43. A plurality of paper pot seedling trays 43 can be placed on the placement frame 7 so as to facilitate the end-to-end connection of the paper pot seedling trays 43.

Preferably, each paper pot seedling tray 43 further comprises a detachable pot 435 (as shown in fig. 9), and the first and second connection parts are respectively connected to the head and tail ends of a serial paper pot body formed by all paper pots 431 contained in the same paper pot seedling tray 43, as shown in fig. 9, the first connection part comprises a first annular belt 433, as shown in fig. 10, and the second connection part comprises two second annular belts 434; in the initial state, two second annular bands 434 of the second attachment portion are positioned around the removable bowl 435 and the removable bowl 435 is removable relative to the second attachment portion.

Based on the above structure, the operation flow for connecting the two paper pot seedling trays 43 in the shelf 7 is as follows: the detachable pots 435 of the first group of paper pot seedling trays 43 are detached from the second connecting part, the first annular belts 433 of the second group of paper pot seedling trays 43 are placed between the two second annular belts 434 of the first group of paper pot seedling trays 43, and finally the detachable pots 435 are put in, so that the second annular belts 434 of the first group of paper pot seedling trays 43 and the first annular belts 433 of the second group of paper pot seedling trays 43 are both sleeved on the periphery of the detachable pots 435 (as shown in fig. 11), and thus, the second connecting part of the first group of paper pot seedling trays 43 can be connected with the first connecting part of the second group of paper pot seedling trays 43. Here, the language "first group" and "second group" is used for descriptive convenience only, and does not mean that the specific two groups of paper pot seedling trays 43 are used, and the above-described method can be used when any two groups of paper pot seedling trays 43 are connected.

Preferably, after the second connecting portion is connected to the first connecting portion, the first annular band 433 and the second annular band 434 have an overlapping portion, so that when the tray 43 of paper pots is unfolded and pulled, the connection between the second connecting portion and the first connecting portion is more reliable, and the annular band does not shift back. Preferably, one side of the first annular band 433 close to the paper bowl group is wider, the other side is narrower, the maximum width of the first annular band 433 is greater than the whole width of the two second connecting parts, after the second connecting parts are connected with the first connecting parts, the side of the first annular band 433 close to the paper bowl group has an overlapping part with the second annular band 434, and the second annular band 434 is on the outer side of the first annular band 433, because the maximum width of the first annular band 433 is wider, the parts of the two sides of the first annular band 433 exceeding the second connecting parts can be folded, so that the exceeding parts are folded to the outer side of the second annular band 434 to form a folded part 436, and thus when the paper bowl seedling tray 43 is unfolded and is subjected to pulling force, the position of the overlapping part is just a stress point, and it can be ensured that each annular band does not shift.

It can be seen that, with the above structure, the quick and reliable connection of the paper pot seedling trays 43 can be realized, so that the supply of the paper pots 431 is uninterrupted, the step S102 is not implemented again when a new group of paper pot seedling trays 43 are loaded, and the work efficiency can be greatly improved.

A vegetable planting method, comprising the steps of S201-S203:

step S201, obtaining empty paper pot tray bodies, and carrying out soil loading, seed throwing and fertilizer spreading operations on the paper pots 431 contained in the paper pot tray bodies to form a seedling tray in a first state;

step S202, cultivating the seedling tray in the first state to enable seeds in the paper pots 431 to grow into transplantable seedlings and form the paper pot seedling tray 43;

in step S203, the above-described vegetable transplanting method (i.e., steps S101 to S103) is performed.

The step S201 is implemented by the assembly line device 9, as shown in fig. 7, the assembly line device 9 includes a conveying device 91, a tray body feeding device 92, a soil loading device 93, a seed throwing device 94, a soil covering and seedling standing device 95 and a fertilizing device 96; the conveying device 91 is a roller type conveying line, and the tray body feeding device 92 is used for sequentially placing the paper bowl tray bodies on the conveying device 91; specifically, the tray body feeding device 92 is a vertically-through square tubular structure, and a plurality of paper tray bodies can be stacked in the tray body feeding device, so that when the conveying device 91 operates, the paper tray bodies in the feeding device 92 can be sequentially put on the feeding device 92 and conveyed by the feeding device 92 to sequentially pass through the soil loading device 93, the seed throwing device 94, the soil covering and seedling standing device 95 and the fertilizing device 96. The soil loading device 93 is used for loading soil into each paper bowl 431 contained in the paper bowl tray body, the seed throwing device 94 comprises a seed separating wheel 941, a seed separating groove is formed in the seed separating wheel 941, the seed throwing device 94 can quantitatively load seeds into all the paper bowls 431 contained in the paper bowl tray body passing through the lower portion of the seed separating wheel 941 along with the rotation of the seed separating wheel 941, and the seed throwing device 94 based on the seed separating wheel 941 is common and can adopt an existing structure. The soil-covering seedling-erecting device 95 is used for covering soil on all the paper pots 431 contained in the paper pot tray body again, and the fertilizer device 96 is used for covering a fertilizer layer on the paper pot tray body.

Based on this, the step S201 specifically includes the following steps:

step S301, unfolding the tray body of the paper bowl in a folded state and fixing it on the holding frame 97, as shown in fig. 8;

step S302, stacking the unfolded paper bowl tray bodies together with the holding frames 97 where the paper bowl tray bodies are located, and placing a batch of stacked paper bowl tray bodies into the tray body feeding device 92;

step S303, the conveying device 91 operates to enable all the paper bowl trays in the tray feeding device 92 to be sequentially put on the conveying device 91;

step S303, the conveying device 91 enables the tray body of the paper bowl to sequentially pass through the soil loading device 93, the seed throwing device 94, the soil covering and seedling erecting device 95 and the fertilizing device 96 so as to sequentially complete the operations of soil loading, seed throwing, soil covering and fertilizer application, and a seedling tray in a first state is obtained;

in step S304, each first-state seedling tray is taken off from the transfer device 91 and laid flat.

The vegetable planting method makes full use of industrial equipment for seedling cultivation and transplanting, and can greatly improve the efficiency.

According to the paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine, the vegetable transplanting method and the vegetable planting method, vegetables are cultivated in the paper pot seedling tray, and the paper pot together with the vegetable seedlings is transplanted to a field during transplanting.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The bowl type vegetable transplanter is characterized by comprising a rack (1), wherein the rack (1) is provided with a traction mechanism (11) connected with a tractor;

the frame (1) is provided with a rotary tillage device (2), a ridging device (3), a transplanting device (4), a furrow opener (5) and a soil covering and seedling erecting device (6);

the transplanting device (4) comprises a seedling tray support body (41), a blanking slideway (42) and a paper pot seedling tray (43); the seedling tray support body (41) is fixed on the rack (1), is used for placing a paper pot seedling tray (43), and is provided with a paper pot outlet (411) at the rear side; the blanking chute (42) extends backwards from the paper bowl outlet (411); the paper pot seedling tray (43) comprises a plurality of paper pots (431), and vegetable seedlings are filled in all the paper pots (431); all the paper bowls (431) contained in the same paper bowl seedling tray (43) are connected in series;

the furrow opener (5) is arranged at the tail part of the blanking slideway (42); the soil covering and seedling standing device (6) is used for covering soil on the groove formed by the furrow opener (5).

2. The pot vegetable transplanter according to claim 1, wherein the pots (431) contained in the pot seedling tray (43) are densely arranged in a composite pot array which is not arranged in a single row, and the composite pot array gradually unfolds into the single row of pot array and moves along the feeding chute (42) during feeding.

3. The vegetable transplanter with paper bowls (431) according to claim 2, characterized in that it has a square or hexagonal shape, and correspondingly the composite paper bowl array is a square or honeycomb array.

4. The pot vegetable transplanter according to claim 1, wherein the feeding chute (42) is arranged obliquely; the front end of the furrow opener (5) is provided with a cutting edge (51), and the rear side of the furrow opener is provided with a notch (52) which penetrates up and down and has an open rear end.

5. The bowl vegetable transplanter according to claim 1, wherein a rest stand (7) and a seat (8) are further mounted on the frame (1); the shelf (7) is used for placing the paper pot seedling tray (43).

6. A vegetable transplanting method applied to the bowl type vegetable transplanting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:

placing the paper pot seedling tray (43) into the seedling tray support body (41);

spreading a part of the paper pots (431) of the paper pot seedling tray (43) into a single-row paper pot array arranged along the blanking slide way (42), and embedding the rearmost ends of the single-row paper pot array into soil;

the paper pot type vegetable transplanting machine is pulled to move forwards, rotary tillage, ridging, ditching and soil covering operations are respectively executed by the rotary tillage device (2), the ridging device (3), the ditcher (5) and the soil covering seedling standing device (6) in the process, and a single-row paper pot array generated by the paper pot seedling tray (43) sequentially enters the grooves formed by the ditcher (5) along the discharging slide rails (42) and is buried in the grooves by the soil covering seedling standing device (6).

7. A method of vegetable planting, the method comprising:

obtaining empty paper pot tray bodies, and carrying out soil loading, seed throwing and fertilizer spreading operations on the paper pots (431) contained in the paper pot tray bodies to form a seedling tray in a first state;

cultivating the seedling tray in the first state to enable seeds in the paper pots (431) to grow into transplantable seedlings to form the paper pot seedling tray (43);

performing the vegetable transplanting method of claim 6.