CN113451718B - Phase shifter and antenna - Google Patents
Phase shifter and antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113451718B CN113451718B CN202110736564.1A CN202110736564A CN113451718B CN 113451718 B CN113451718 B CN 113451718B CN 202110736564 A CN202110736564 A CN 202110736564A CN 113451718 B CN113451718 B CN 113451718B
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- liquid crystal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
Abstract
The invention discloses a phase shifter and an antenna. The phase shifter comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and at least one phase shifting unit, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are arranged oppositely, the phase shifting unit comprises a microstrip line, a driving electrode, a liquid crystal layer and a first metal layer, the microstrip line is located on one side, close to the first substrate, of the second substrate, the first metal layer is located on one side, close to the second substrate, of the first substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; the driving electrode is located on one side, away from the first substrate, of the liquid crystal layer and used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, and the microstrip line comprises a radio-frequency signal receiving end which is used for receiving radio-frequency signals. According to the phase shifter and the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the driving electrode for driving the liquid crystal molecules to deflect and the microstrip line for transmitting the radio-frequency signal are separately arranged, so that an isolation gap structure is not required to be arranged between the microstrip line and the radio-frequency signal transmission line, the insertion loss is reduced, and the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a phase shifter and an antenna.
Background
The liquid crystal antenna is a novel reconfigurable antenna system formed by combining a traditional microstrip patch antenna and a liquid crystal material, liquid crystal and the microstrip line are combined, the arrangement of the liquid crystal is adjusted, then the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is adjusted, a liquid crystal phase shifter is formed, and the liquid crystal phase shifter is combined with a patch radiator to form a liquid crystal antenna structure capable of performing electric scanning.
In the existing liquid crystal antenna, a microstrip line is used as a liquid crystal deflection electrode to drive liquid crystal molecules to deflect, an isolation gap structure exists between a feed network and the microstrip line, and radio-frequency signals on the feed network are transmitted to the microstrip line through coupling so as to prevent mutual crosstalk of driving voltages on the microstrip line in different phase shifters, but the isolation gap structure can introduce extra insertion loss and reduce the performance of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a phase shifter and an antenna, which are used for improving the performance of the antenna.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a phase shifter, including:
the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged;
the phase shifting unit comprises a microstrip line, a driving electrode, a liquid crystal layer and a first metal layer;
the microstrip line is positioned on one side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, the first metal layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate;
the driving electrode is positioned on one side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first substrate and used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect;
the microstrip line comprises a radio frequency signal receiving end, and the radio frequency signal receiving end is used for receiving radio frequency signals.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna, including the phase shifter according to the first aspect.
According to the phase shifter and the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the driving electrode for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect and the microstrip line for transmitting the radio frequency signal are separately arranged, so that the microstrip line does not need to be connected with a driving voltage, the microstrip lines in different phase shifting units are mutually connected, mutual crosstalk of the driving voltage cannot be caused, meanwhile, the microstrip line is arranged to comprise the radio frequency signal receiving end which can be directly and electrically connected with the radio frequency signal transmission line, an isolation gap structure does not need to be arranged between the microstrip line and the radio frequency signal transmission line, the insertion loss caused by the isolation gap structure between the microstrip line and the radio frequency signal transmission line in the prior art is eliminated, and the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase shift unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention when a driving voltage is applied to a driving electrode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial cross-sectional structure of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial cross-sectional structure of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another phase shift unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial cross-sectional structure of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase shifting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of fig. 2 along a-a' direction, as shown in fig. 1-3, the phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 11, and at least one phase shifting unit 12, the phase shifting unit 12 includes a microstrip line 20, a driving electrode 21, a liquid crystal layer 22, and a first metal layer 23, the microstrip line 20 is located on a side of the second substrate 11 close to the first substrate 10, the first metal layer 23 is located on a side of the first substrate 10 close to the second substrate 11, the liquid crystal layer 22 is located between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11, the driving electrode 21 is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer 22 away from the first substrate 10, the driving electrode 21 is used for driving liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect, the microstrip line 20 includes a radio frequency signal receiving terminal 201, and the radio frequency signal receiving terminal 201 is configured to receive a radio frequency signal.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the phase shifter includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 11 and at least one phase shifting unit 12, which are oppositely disposed, the phase shifting unit 12 includes a liquid crystal layer 22 disposed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11, a driving electrode 21 is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer 22 away from the first substrate 10, and a driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode 21 to drive liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect, so as to change a dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 22.
With continuing reference to fig. 1-3, the phase shift unit 12 further includes a microstrip line 20 and a first metal layer 23, in this embodiment, the microstrip line 20 and the driving electrode 21 are located on the same side of the liquid crystal layer 22, the first metal layer 23 is located on a side of the liquid crystal layer 22 away from the microstrip line 20, the microstrip line 20 is used for transmitting a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 22 between the microstrip line 20 and the first metal layer 23, and due to the change of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 22 (the liquid crystal layer 22 deflects under the action of the electric field formed by the driving electrode 21, so that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 22 changes), the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20 is subjected to phase shift, so as to change the phase of the radio frequency signal, and implement the phase shift function of the radio frequency signal.
With continued reference to fig. 1-3, the microstrip line 20 includes a radio frequency signal receiving terminal 201, and the radio frequency signal receiving terminal 201 is configured to receive a radio frequency signal. The driving electrode 21 for driving the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect and the microstrip line 20 for transmitting the radio frequency signal are separately arranged, so that the microstrip line 20 does not need to be connected with a driving voltage, and there is no need to worry about mutual crosstalk of the driving voltage caused by mutual connection of the microstrip lines 20 in different phase shifting units 12 by the radio frequency signal transmission line, therefore, the radio frequency signal receiving end 201 of the microstrip line 20 can be directly electrically connected with the radio frequency signal transmission line, and there is no need to arrange an isolation gap structure between the microstrip line 20 and the radio frequency signal transmission line, thereby eliminating insertion loss caused by the isolation gap structure between the microstrip line 20 and the radio frequency signal transmission line in the prior art, and improving the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter.
It should be noted that, the phase shifter may include a phase shifting unit 12, where one phase shifting unit 12 includes one microstrip line 20, and the phase shifting unit 12 is configured to implement a phase shifting function of the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20. In other embodiments, the phase shifter may also include a plurality of phase shifting units 12 distributed in an array to shift the phase of the radio frequency signal transmitted on the plurality of microstrip lines 20 at the same time, fig. 1 only takes the case that the phase shifter includes 4 phase shifting units 12 as an example, in other embodiments, a person skilled in the art may set the number and layout of the phase shifting units 12 according to actual requirements, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
In summary, in the phase shifter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the driving electrode 21 for driving the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect and the microstrip line 20 for transmitting the radio frequency signal are separately disposed, so that the microstrip line 20 does not need to be connected to a driving voltage, and therefore, mutual crosstalk of the driving voltage cannot be caused when the microstrip lines 20 in different phase shifting units 12 are connected to each other, and meanwhile, the microstrip line 20 includes the radio frequency signal receiving end 201 directly electrically connected to the radio frequency signal transmission line, so that an isolation gap structure does not need to be disposed between the microstrip line 20 and the radio frequency signal transmission line, thereby eliminating insertion loss caused by the isolation gap structure between the microstrip line 20 and the radio frequency signal transmission line in the prior art, and improving the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter.
Fig. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional structure diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention when a driving voltage is applied to a driving electrode, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, optionally, the driving electrode 21 includes a first electrode 211 and a second electrode 212, and potentials of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are different.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the driving electrode 21 includes a first electrode 211 and a second electrode 212, and the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are both located on the same side of the liquid crystal layer 22, and by setting the potentials on the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 to be different, a transverse electric field 24 substantially parallel to the second substrate 11 is generated between the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212, so as to drive the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect.
The distance between the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 can be set according to actual requirements, for example, the shortest distance between adjacent first electrodes 211 and second electrodes 212 is set to be 1 μm to 1000 μm, so that the first electrodes 211 and second electrodes 212 are compactly arranged while short circuit between the first electrodes 211 and the second electrodes 212 is not generated, and the volume of the phase shifter is reduced.
It should be noted that fig. 1-4 exemplarily show that the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are both located on the side of the liquid crystal layer 22 away from the first substrate 10 to generate a lateral electric field for driving the liquid crystal molecules 221 to deflect, which is not a limitation of the present invention. In other embodiments, the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 may be disposed on the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11, respectively, to generate a longitudinal electric field for driving the liquid crystal molecules 221 to deflect, which may be set as required in practical applications.
With continuing reference to fig. 1 to 4, optionally, the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are respectively located on two sides of the microstrip line 20 along a first direction X, where the first direction X is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the radio frequency signal of the microstrip line 20.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are respectively located at two sides of the microstrip line 20 along the first direction X, that is, along the radio frequency signal transmission direction perpendicular to the microstrip line 20, the microstrip line 20 is located between the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212, and the driving voltage provided by the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 forms the transverse electric field 24 penetrating through the liquid crystal layer 22 above the microstrip line 20, so that the liquid crystal molecules 221 located above the microstrip line 20 are deflected, and the radio frequency signal is mainly transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 22 above the microstrip line 20, therefore, by arranging the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 at two sides of the microstrip line 20 along the first direction X, the liquid crystal molecules 221 driven and deflected by the transverse electric field 24 formed by the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are mainly located on the transmission path of the radio frequency signal, so as to increase the influence of the deflected liquid crystal molecules 221 on the radio frequency signal phase, to improve the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter.
Optionally, the resistance of the driving electrode 21 is greater than the resistance of the microstrip line 20.
In this embodiment, the resistance of the driving electrode 21 is larger than the resistance of the microstrip line 20, so that the resistance of the driving electrode 21 is larger, and thus the coupling capacitance between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20 is reduced, and further the influence of the coupling capacitance on the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20 is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the phase shift performance of the phase shifter.
Alternatively, the material of the microstrip line 20 includes copper, and the material of the driving electrode 21 includes any one of molybdenum, aluminum, silver, and metal oxide.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, on one hand, the material of the microstrip line 20 includes a low-resistance metal such as copper, so that the microstrip line 20 has a smaller resistance, which is beneficial to transmission of radio frequency signals. On the other hand, the driving electrode 21 is made of a material including high-resistance metal such as molybdenum, aluminum, silver, or metal oxide, so that the driving electrode 21 has a relatively large resistance, and thus the coupling capacitance between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20 is reduced, the influence of the coupling capacitance on the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20 is further reduced, and the phase shift performance of the phase shifter is improved.
The metal oxide may include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), Zinc oxide (ZnO), or Indium oxide (In)2O3) And the like, which can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
With continued reference to fig. 3 and 4, optionally, the width D1 of the driving electrode 21 is smaller than the width D2 of the microstrip line 20.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, by setting the width D1 of the driving electrode 21 to be smaller than the width D2 of the microstrip line 20, on one hand, the width D2 of the microstrip line 20 is made larger, so that the microstrip line 20 has smaller resistance, which is beneficial to the transmission of radio frequency signals; on the other hand, the width D1 of the driving electrode 21 is made smaller to realize that the driving electrode 21 has a larger resistance, so as to reduce the coupling capacitance between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20, further reduce the influence of the coupling capacitance on the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20, and contribute to improving the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter.
In other embodiments, the resistance of the driving electrode 21 may be larger than the resistance of the microstrip line 20 in other manners, and those skilled in the art may set the resistance according to actual requirements, for example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, by setting the thickness of the driving electrode 21 to be smaller than the thickness of the microstrip line 20, the resistance of the driving electrode 21 to be larger than the resistance of the microstrip line 20 is realized, so that while the transmission performance of the radio frequency signal is ensured, the coupling capacitance between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20 is reduced, further, the influence of the coupling capacitance on the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20 is reduced, and the phase shift performance of the phase shifter is improved, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Optionally, the first metal layer 23 is disposed in a floating manner, or the first metal layer 23 is grounded.
For example, the first metal layer 23 may be disposed in a floating manner, that is, the first metal layer 23 is not electrically connected to any other circuit element, and no electric potential is applied to the first metal layer 23, so as to reduce the influence of the first metal layer 23 on the lateral electric field, and further reduce the influence of the first metal layer 23 on the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221.
In another embodiment, the first metal layer 23 may be grounded, and when the first metal layer 23 is considered to be at zero potential, the effect of the first metal layer 23 on the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221 may be reduced by applying opposite potentials to the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212, for example, applying a positive potential to the first electrode 211 and applying a negative potential to the second electrode 212, or applying a negative potential to the first electrode 211 and applying a positive potential to the second electrode 212, and setting the absolute values of the potentials applied to the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 to be the same, so as to ensure that the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221 is not affected by the first metal layer 23 while forming a lateral electric field between the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 to drive the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221.
In other embodiments, the first metal layer 23 may also be switched to a fixed potential, and a half of the sum of the potentials applied to the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 is set to be equal to the fixed potential, so as to reduce the influence of the first metal layer 23 on the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221, for example, the potential switched to the first metal layer 23 is V0, the potential applied to the first electrode 211 is V1, the potential applied to the second electrode 212 is V2, and (V1+ V2)/2 ═ V0 is set to ensure that the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221 is not influenced by the first metal layer 23 while forming a lateral electric field between the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 to drive the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221, and a person skilled in the art can set the potential on the first metal layer 23 according to actual requirements, which is not limited by the embodiments of the present invention.
With continued reference to fig. 3 and 4, the driving electrodes 21 are optionally located on a side of the second substrate 11 adjacent to the liquid crystal layer 22.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the driving electrodes 21 are provided on the second substrate 11 on the side closer to the liquid crystal layer 22, which contributes to a reduction in the thickness of the phase shifter and to a reduction in the size of the phase shifter.
Fig. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, optionally, the driving electrode 21 is located on a side of the second substrate 11 away from the liquid crystal layer 22.
As shown in fig. 5, by disposing the driving electrode 21 on the side of the second substrate 11 away from the liquid crystal layer 22, the influence of the driving electrode 21 on the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 22 can be reduced, which is helpful for improving the deflection precision of the liquid crystal layer 22 and further improving the phase shift precision of the phase shifter.
Fig. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, optionally, the phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a third substrate 13, the third substrate 13 is located on a side of the second substrate 11 away from the first substrate 10, and the driving electrode 21 is located on a side of the third substrate 13 close to the second substrate 11.
As shown in fig. 6, by additionally providing the third substrate 13 and disposing the driving electrode 21 on the side of the third substrate 13 close to the second substrate 11, the driving electrode 21 can be disposed on the third substrate 13, and the microstrip line 20 can be disposed on the second substrate 11, so that the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20 can be formed on different substrates, respectively, and then the different substrates are bonded, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the difficulty in manufacturing the phase shifter, so as to be suitable for a more complex phase shifter structure. Meanwhile, by arranging the driving electrode 21 on the side of the third substrate 13 close to the second substrate 11, the distance between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20 can be increased, thereby helping to reduce the influence of the driving electrode 21 on the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20.
With continued reference to fig. 1-6, optionally, there is a gap between the vertical projection of the microstrip line 20 on the second substrate 11 and the vertical projection of the drive electrode 21 on the second substrate 11.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a gap exists between the vertical projection of the microstrip line 20 on the second substrate 11 and the vertical projection of the driving electrode 21 on the second substrate 11, that is, the vertical projection of the microstrip line 20 on the second substrate 11 and the vertical projection of the driving electrode 21 on the second substrate 11 are not overlapped, so as to reduce the coupling capacitance between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20, further reduce the influence of the driving electrode 21 on the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20, and improve the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter.
With continued reference to fig. 3-6, optionally, the width of the gap between the vertical projection of the microstrip line 20 on the second substrate 11 and the vertical projection of the driving electrode 21 on the second substrate 11 (i.e. the shortest distance between the boundary of the driving electrode 21 on the side close to the microstrip line 20 and the boundary of the microstrip line 20 on the side close to the driving electrode 21 along the direction parallel to the plane of the second substrate 11) is D3, where 1 μm ≦ D3 ≦ 1000 μm.
The gap width D3 between the vertical projection of the microstrip line 20 on the second substrate 11 and the vertical projection of the driving electrode 21 on the second substrate 11 is set to satisfy that D3 is not less than 1 μm and not more than 1000 μm, so that the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 are compactly arranged while coupling between the driving electrode 21 and the microstrip line 20 is avoided, and the volume of the phase shifter is reduced.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only examples, and in other embodiments, there may be an overlap between a vertical projection of the microstrip line 20 on the second substrate 11 and a vertical projection of the driving electrode 21 on the second substrate 11 to facilitate wiring, and a person skilled in the art may perform the setting according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
With reference to fig. 2, optionally, the microstrip line 20 includes a serpentine structure, the serpentine structure includes a plurality of microstrip line subsections 202 connected in sequence, the microstrip line subsections 202 are arranged along the second direction Y and extend along the third direction Z, and the driving electrode 21 is located between adjacent microstrip line subsections 202, where the second direction Y and the third direction Z are both parallel to the plane of the second substrate 11, and the second direction Y intersects with the third direction Z.
Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 2, the microstrip line 20 has a serpentine structure, a plurality of microstrip line subsections 202 of the serpentine structure are arranged along the second direction Y and extend along the third direction Z, the driving electrode 21 can be configured as a comb-shaped electrode, the comb-shaped electrode includes a plurality of strip-shaped branch electrodes 213, the strip-shaped branch electrodes 213 are also arranged along the second direction Y and extend along the third direction Z, and the strip-shaped branch electrodes 213 are located between adjacent microstrip line subsections 202, so that the driving electrode 21 forms a transverse electric field for driving the liquid crystal molecules 221 to deflect, and the transverse electric field passes through the liquid crystal layer 22 above the microstrip line 20, so that the liquid crystal molecules 221 located above the microstrip line 20 deflect, thereby increasing the influence of the deflected liquid crystal molecules 221 on the radio frequency signal phase and improving the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter. Simultaneously, snakelike structure and comb dentate electrode intermeshing, compact structure, make full use of moves the looks ware space, help realizing miniaturized phase shifter.
It should be noted that, a person skilled in the art may arbitrarily set the shape of the microstrip line 20 according to actual requirements, for example, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the shape of the microstrip line 20 may be a serpentine shape, or fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another phase shift unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the shape of the microstrip line 20 may also be a W shape, the driving electrode 21 may be adaptively set according to the shape of the microstrip line 20, in other embodiments, the shape of the microstrip line 101 may also be a U shape, a spiral shape, a comb shape, a zigzag shape, and the like, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
With continued reference to fig. 3-6, the microstrip line 20 is optionally provided with an alignment layer 25 on a side thereof adjacent the liquid crystal layer 22.
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, the alignment layer 25 is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer 22 close to the microstrip line 20 to provide a pretilt angle to each liquid crystal molecule 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22, so as to align the liquid crystal layer 22, so that the liquid crystal molecules 221 can rapidly respond to the electric field and deflect under the action of the applied electric field, thereby increasing the response speed of the phase shifter.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 22 adopts a Vertical Alignment mode (VA), and when no driving voltage is applied to the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212, the liquid crystal molecules 221 are in an upright state; when a driving voltage is applied to the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212, a transverse electric field 24 is formed between the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212, so that the liquid crystal molecules 221 are deflected and changed from an upright state to a lodging state, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 22, shifting the phase of the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20, further changing the phase of the radio frequency signal, and realizing the phase shifting function of the radio frequency signal.
In other embodiments, the liquid crystal layer 22 may also adopt a Twisted Nematic (TN) mode or other alignment modes, which can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
With continued reference to fig. 3-6, optionally, a perpendicular projection of the alignment layer 25 onto the second substrate 11 covers a perpendicular projection of the liquid crystal layer 22 onto the second substrate 11.
As shown in fig. 3-6, the vertical projection of the alignment layer 25 on the second substrate 11 covers the vertical projection of the liquid crystal layer 22 on the second substrate 11 to perform the entire alignment on the liquid crystal layer 22, so that all the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 can be rapidly deflected in response to the electric field under the action of the applied electric field, thereby further increasing the response speed of the phase shifter.
With continued reference to fig. 3 and 4, the side of the driving electrode 21 close to the liquid crystal layer 22 is optionally provided with an insulating layer 26.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the driving electrode 21 is protected by providing an insulating layer 26 on the side of the driving electrode 21 close to the liquid crystal layer 22.
The materials of the second substrate 11 and the insulating layer 26 may be set according to actual requirements, for example, the second substrate 11 is made of a silicon oxide (SiO) material, and the insulating layer 26 is made of a silicon nitride (SiN) material, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
For example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the phase shifter is manufactured, the driving electrode 21 may be first manufactured on one side of the second substrate 11, the insulating layer 26 is manufactured on one side of the driving electrode 21 away from the second substrate 11 to protect the driving electrode 21, the microstrip line 20 is manufactured on one side of the insulating layer 26 away from the second substrate 11, and the alignment layer 25 is manufactured on one side of the microstrip line 20 away from the second substrate 11.
In other embodiments, the insulating layer 26 may also be disposed on the side of the driving electrode 21 away from the liquid crystal layer 22, for example, as shown in fig. 5, when the driving electrode 21 is located on the side of the second substrate 11 away from the liquid crystal layer 22, the insulating layer 26 is disposed on the side of the driving electrode 21 away from the liquid crystal layer 22 to protect the driving electrode 21.
With reference to fig. 6, in another embodiment, when the third substrate 13 is additionally provided and the driving electrode 21 is located on a side of the third substrate 13 close to the second substrate 11, an insulating layer 26 may be disposed on a side of the driving electrode 21 close to the second substrate 11 to protect the driving electrode 21, and those skilled in the art can set the insulating layer according to actual requirements.
Fig. 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 8, when a third substrate 13 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 11 away from the first substrate 10, the driving electrodes 21 are disposed on a side of the third substrate 13 away from the second substrate 11.
As shown in fig. 8, the third substrate 13 is additionally provided, so that the driving electrode 21 is disposed on the third substrate 13, and the microstrip line 20 is disposed on the second substrate 11, so as to form the driving electrode 21 and microstrip line 20 structures on different substrates, respectively, and then the different substrates are bonded, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, and the phase shifter can be adapted to a more complicated phase shifter structure. Meanwhile, by disposing the driving electrode 21 on the side of the third substrate 13 away from the second substrate 11, when the second substrate 11 is bonded to the third substrate 13, the driving electrode 21 is prevented from being scratched by the second substrate 11 during bonding, which is helpful for protecting the driving electrode 21.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna, where the antenna includes the phase shifter according to any embodiment of the present invention, and therefore, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention has the technical effect of the technical solution in any embodiment, and the explanation of the structure and the terminology that are the same as or corresponding to those in the embodiment described above is not repeated herein.
For example, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a partial cross-section of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9 and fig. 10, a driving electrode 21 for driving liquid crystal molecules 221 in a liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect and a microstrip line 20 for transmitting a radio frequency signal are separately disposed, each phase shift unit 12 includes a set of driving electrodes 21, each set of driving electrodes 21 includes a first electrode 211 and a second electrode 212, the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 212 form a transverse electric field 24 to drive the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect, so as to change a dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 22, and further cause a phase shift of the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20, so as to change a phase of the radio frequency signal, and implement a phase shift function of the radio frequency signal.
Each phase shift unit 12 controls the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the area of the phase shift unit 12 through a set of driving electrodes 21, optionally, the driving electrodes 21 may be connected to a Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC), and the driving electrodes 21 in each phase shift unit 12 may obtain different driving voltages through the FPC. Because the driving electrodes 21 in different phase shifting units 12 can realize independent driving voltage control, only radio frequency signals are transmitted on the microstrip lines 20, even though the microstrip lines 20 in different phase shifting units 12 are connected to cause equipotential, the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 221 in each phase shifting unit 12 cannot be influenced, so that the radio frequency signal receiving end 201 of the microstrip line 20 can be directly and electrically connected with the radio frequency signal transmission line without an isolation gap structure, the insertion loss caused by the isolation gap structure between the microstrip line 20 and the radio frequency signal transmission line in the prior art is eliminated, and the phase shifting performance of the phase shifter is improved.
With reference to fig. 9 and fig. 10, optionally, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a radiation electrode 40, the radiation electrode 40 is located on a side of the first metal layer 23 away from the second substrate 11, and in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate 11, the first metal layer 23 at least partially overlaps the radiation electrode 40, the first metal layer 23 includes a first hollow portion 231, and in the direction perpendicular to the second substrate 11, the radiation electrode 40 covers the first hollow portion 231.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the radiation electrode 40 is at least partially overlapped with the first metal layer 23, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 22 is controlled to change by driving the liquid crystal molecules 221 in the liquid crystal layer 22 to deflect, and the radiation electrode 40 radiates a signal outwards after the phase of the radio frequency signal transmitted on the microstrip line 20 is shifted.
It should be noted that the radiation electrode 40 at least partially overlaps the first metal layer 23, and may be a direction perpendicular to the second substrate 11, where the radiation electrode 40 partially overlaps the first metal layer 23, or a vertical projection of the radiation electrode 40 on the second substrate 11 is located within a vertical projection of the first metal layer 23 on the second substrate 11.
It should be noted that the radiation electrodes 40 are disposed corresponding to the phase shift units 12, for example, the radiation electrodes 40 are disposed corresponding to the phase shift units 12 one to one, and the radiation electrodes 40 corresponding to different phase shift units 12 are disposed in an insulated manner.
Fig. 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, optionally, the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a fourth substrate 14, the fourth substrate 14 is located on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the second substrate 11, and the radiation electrode 40 is located on a side of the fourth substrate 14 close to the first substrate 10.
As shown in fig. 11, by additionally providing the fourth substrate 14 and disposing the radiation electrode 40 on the side of the fourth substrate 14 close to the first substrate 10, the radiation electrode 40 can be disposed on the fourth substrate 14, and the first metal layer 23 is disposed on the first substrate 10, so that the radiation electrode 40 and the first metal layer 23 can be respectively fabricated on different substrates, and then the different substrates are bonded to form a whole, thereby simplifying the fabrication process, reducing the fabrication difficulty of the antenna, and being applicable to more complicated antenna structures.
Fig. 12 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 12, and as an alternative, the antenna further includes a fourth substrate 14, where the fourth substrate 14 is located on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the second substrate 11, and the radiation electrode 40 is located on a side of the fourth substrate 14 away from the first substrate 10.
As shown in fig. 12, the fourth substrate 14 is additionally provided, so that the radiation electrode 40 is disposed on the fourth substrate 14, and the first metal layer 23 is disposed on the first substrate 10, so as to form the radiation electrode 40 and the first metal layer 23 on different substrates, respectively, and then the different substrates are bonded to form a whole, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the difficulty in manufacturing the antenna, so as to be suitable for a more complicated antenna structure. Meanwhile, by disposing the radiation electrode 40 on the side of the fourth substrate 14 away from the first substrate 10, when the fourth substrate 14 is attached to the first substrate 10, the radiation electrode 40 can be prevented from being scratched by the first substrate 10 during attachment, thereby protecting the radiation electrode 40.
With continuing reference to fig. 9 to 12, optionally, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a feeding network 41, where the feeding network 41 is located on a side of the second substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 22, and the feeding network 41 is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal receiving end 201 of the microstrip line 20.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 9 to 12, a feeding network 41 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 22, and the feeding network 41 is configured to transmit the radio frequency signal to each phase shift unit 12, where the feeding network 41 may be distributed in a tree shape and includes a plurality of branches, and one branch provides the radio frequency signal for one phase shift unit 12. The feed network 41 and the microstrip line 20 are arranged on the same layer, and the feed network 41 is directly electrically connected with the radio frequency signal receiving end 201 of the microstrip line 20, so that the feed network 41 directly transmits the radio frequency signal to the microstrip line 20 without coupling, thereby avoiding the problem of radio frequency signal loss caused by coupling, reducing the insertion loss of the antenna, and improving the performance of the antenna.
With continued reference to fig. 10-12, an antenna provided by embodiments of the present invention may optionally further include a radio frequency signal interface 42 and a bond pad 43. One end of the radio frequency signal interface 42 is connected to the feed network 41 and fixed by a pad 43, and the other end of the radio frequency signal interface 42 is used for connecting external circuits such as a high frequency connector.
With reference to fig. 10 to 12, optionally, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a supporting structure 44, where the supporting structure 44 is used to support the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 11 to provide a containing space for the liquid crystal layer 22, and those skilled in the art may set other structures of the antenna according to actual requirements, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (18)
1. A phase shifter, comprising:
the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged;
the phase-shifting unit comprises a microstrip line, a driving electrode, a liquid crystal layer and a first metal layer;
the microstrip line is positioned on one side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, the first metal layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate;
the driving electrode is positioned on one side of the second substrate far away from the liquid crystal layer and is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect;
the microstrip line comprises a radio frequency signal receiving end, and the radio frequency signal receiving end is used for receiving radio frequency signals.
2. Phase shifter as in claim 1,
the driving electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and potentials of the first electrode and the second electrode are different.
3. The phase shifter according to claim 2,
the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively positioned on two sides of the microstrip line along a first direction;
the first direction is perpendicular to the radio frequency signal transmission direction of the microstrip line.
4. Phase shifter as in claim 1,
the resistance of the driving electrode is greater than that of the microstrip line.
5. The phase shifter as recited in claim 4,
the material of the microstrip line comprises copper, and the material of the driving electrode comprises any one of molybdenum, aluminum, silver and metal oxide.
6. The phase shifter according to claim 1,
the width of the driving electrode is smaller than that of the microstrip line.
7. Phase shifter as in claim 1,
the first metal layer is arranged in a suspended mode, or the first metal layer is grounded.
8. The phase shifter according to claim 1,
the phase shifter further comprises a third substrate, the third substrate is located on one side, far away from the first substrate, of the second substrate, and the driving electrode is located on one side, close to the second substrate, of the third substrate.
9. The phase shifter according to claim 1,
and a gap exists between the vertical projection of the microstrip line on the second substrate and the vertical projection of the driving electrode on the second substrate.
10. The phase shifter according to claim 1,
the microstrip line comprises a serpentine structure, the serpentine structure comprises a plurality of microstrip line subsections which are sequentially connected, the microstrip line subsections are arranged along the second direction and extend along the third direction, and the driving electrode is positioned between the adjacent microstrip line subsections;
the second direction and the third direction are both parallel to the plane of the second substrate, and the second direction is intersected with the third direction.
11. The phase shifter according to claim 1,
and an alignment layer is arranged on one side of the microstrip line close to the liquid crystal layer.
12. The phase shifter as recited in claim 11,
the vertical projection of the alignment layer on the second substrate covers the vertical projection of the liquid crystal layer on the second substrate.
13. The phase shifter according to claim 1,
and an insulating layer is arranged on one side of the driving electrode close to the liquid crystal layer.
14. An antenna comprising a phase shifter according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. The antenna of claim 14,
the antenna further comprises a radiation electrode, the radiation electrode is positioned on one side of the first metal layer far away from the second substrate, and the first metal layer and the radiation electrode are at least partially overlapped along the direction perpendicular to the second substrate;
the first metal layer comprises a first hollow-out part, and the radiation electrode covers the first hollow-out part along a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.
16. The antenna of claim 15,
the radiation electrode is positioned on one side of the fourth substrate close to the first substrate.
17. The antenna of claim 15,
the radiation electrode is positioned on one side of the fourth substrate far away from the first substrate.
18. The antenna of claim 14,
the antenna also comprises a feed network, the feed network is positioned on one side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and the feed network is electrically connected with the radio-frequency signal receiving end of the microstrip line.
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| CN111864317B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-03-01 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Phase shifter and antenna |
| CN113889750A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal antenna |
| CN113839189A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-24 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal antenna and driving method |
| US11550192B1 (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-01-10 | National Tsing Hua University | Liquid crystal device and system for THz electromagnetic waves |
| CN114267934A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-01 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal antenna |
| CN114284714B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-12-15 | 成都天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal antenna and preparation method thereof |
| WO2024020792A1 (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2024-02-01 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Tunable phase shifter and electronic device |
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