CN113445049A - 一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法 - Google Patents
一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113445049A CN113445049A CN202110697443.0A CN202110697443A CN113445049A CN 113445049 A CN113445049 A CN 113445049A CN 202110697443 A CN202110697443 A CN 202110697443A CN 113445049 A CN113445049 A CN 113445049A
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- aluminum
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LYBOONSXENOKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;chromium(3+);oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[Cr+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O LYBOONSXENOKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FCCGFVRLSCWFJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(=O)(OC)C(O)C(O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+] Chemical compound C(=O)(OC)C(O)C(O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+] FCCGFVRLSCWFJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 (1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one) -propyne Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1CCCCC1N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCC#CCO DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019321 monosodium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NKAAEMMYHLFEFN-ZVGUSBNCSA-M sodium;(2r,3r)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O NKAAEMMYHLFEFN-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013905 glycine and its sodium salt Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014451 palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia 2 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEKPFOXEZRZPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dicyanide Chemical compound [Cu+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] LEKPFOXEZRZPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
- C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,该方法包括将铝或铝合金零件依次进行除油、碱洗、酸洗、一次浸锌、退锌、二次浸锌、无氰碱铜、预镀镍、酸铜、活化、半光镍、全光镍、镍封和三价铬处理。采用该方法可以在铝或铝合金零件表面形成超耐腐蚀、高结合力环保铬镀层,且方法简单,方便实施,对操作人员的技术能力要求不高,而且生产的产品质量很稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铝及铝合金表面处理领域,具体涉及一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法。
背景技术
铝及铝合金因为具有密度低、电导热能力强、力学性能良好和成型可加工性好等一系列优点,已经被广泛应用在工业领域,特别是在高档的建筑材料、交通运输、航天航空和高端的电子产品等方面。目前,现有的铝及铝合金电镀工艺制备的产品很难达到高耐腐蚀及高结合力。
在卫浴零件的生产中,为达到提高铝件耐腐蚀性,装饰性能及环保的目的,除阳极化及喷漆等表面处理方法外,还可能选用铝件装饰镀环保铬工艺对该类基材的零件进行表面处理。铝是两性金属,既能与酸发生反应又能与碱发生反应,因此铝及铝合金的电镀比其他金属材料电镀要困难得多。目前生产中最常见的铝及铝合金电镀装饰铬工艺流程为:镀前处理——二次浸锌——预镀镍——镀铜——镀镍——镀铬。在实际生产中,经过装饰镀铬工艺处理的铝及铝合金零件在电镀后的检验以及用户的使用中,存在起泡和脱皮、结合力不良、易腐蚀等质量问题,如专利CN102220613A,解决了产品结合力问题,但是耐腐蚀性还有待提高。
本技术旨在解决铝及铝合金零件电镀结合力差、耐腐蚀性能不好等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种铝及铝合金零件电镀方法,通过优化工艺流程和调整工艺参数,获得高耐腐蚀、高结合力、环保的铝及铝合金电镀产品。
本发明的技术方案之一在于提供一种铝及铝合金电镀环保铬的方法。
具体包括如下工艺步骤:
除油:对铝或铝合金零件表面进行脱脂去油,将铝或铝合金零件放入含有以重量百分比计的氢氧化钠45~75%,碳酸钠5~10%,偏硅酸钠8~18%,磷酸三钠<3%,4-丁炔二醇<1.2%和除油剂5~35g/L的脱脂液中,脱脂温度为65~75℃;
碱洗:将脱脂除油后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有12~22g/L的氢氧化钠,25~35g/L的碳酸钠,20~30g/L的磷酸三钠的混合溶液中,在60~70℃温度下进行1~3min碱洗,形成氧化膜;
酸洗出光:将碱洗后的铝或铝合金零件在含有以重量百分比计的硝酸70%~80%,氢氟酸20~30%的混合溶液中,在室温下进行0.5~1min的表面酸洗处理,除掉表层氧化膜;
一次浸锌:铝较活泼,在溶液中表面氧化膜及铝被溶解的同时置换上了等量的锌,反应如下:2Al+3Zn2+→3Zn+2Al3+,当极薄的锌层完全覆盖时该反应停止。本发明电镀装饰铬工艺采用如下浸锌工艺:在含有氧化锌90~100g/L,氢氧化钠400~600g/L,酒石酸甲钠5~15g/L,三氯化铁1~3g/L及锌离子浓度8~12g/L的混合溶液中,在室温下反应30~120s,形成第一锌层;
退锌:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入浓度为400~600g/L的硝酸溶液中进行表面退锌处理,反应时间为5~15s;
二次浸锌:第一次浸锌层比较粗糙,覆盖不全,且在浸锌时易腐蚀基体,导致铝合金夹杂物暴露出来,采用经稀释的硝酸将第一次浸锌层退除,同时也将裸露的合金去除,露出富铝的表面,第二次浸锌时间可以缩短一些,一般为30~60s。二次浸锌具体步骤如下:将水洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有氧化锌90~100g/L,氢氧化钠400~600g/L,酒石酸甲钠5~15g/L,三氯化铁1~3g/L及锌离子浓度8~12g/L的混合溶液中,在室温下浸锌30~60s;为保证二次浸锌层质量,硝酸退锌后在超纯冷水中彻底清洗;
无氰碱铜:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有羟基乙叉二膦酸40~80g/L,N,N-二乙基二乙烯基三胺12~30g/L,柠檬酸盐50~100g/L,硫酸铜30~40g/L,氯化钾15~45g/L,聚乙二醇0.4~1.0g/L,1,2-环己二胺四乙酸0.5~1g/L,2-巯基苯并咪唑0.8~1.4g/L;(1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮)-丙炔0.05~0.20g/L的混合溶液中,混合溶液的pH值为8.5~9.0,反应温度为55~60℃,反应时间为30s~60s;
预镀镍:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍30~35g/L,氯化镍5~10g/L,乳酸4~8ml/L,乙二醇15~25ml/L,硼酸20~30g/L,1,4丁炔二醇0.1g/L~0.4g/L及镍光亮剂0.20~0.30ml/L的混合溶液中,混合溶液的pH值为4.0~5.0,反应温度为45~55℃,反应时间为30-60min,反应形成镍层;
酸铜:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸铜160~300g/L,硫酸20~40ml/L,氯离子(由盐酸提供)80-100ppm,光亮剂0.02~0.06g/L,整平剂0.02~0.06g/L及稳定剂3~6ml/L的混合溶液中镀铜,反应温度为20~30℃,pH值为3.8~4.5,反应时间为40~80min;
活化:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有活化酸盐10~30g/L,硫酸20~40ml/L的溶液中在室温下活化处理40~60s;
半光镍:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍240~280g/L,氯化镍40~50g/L及硼酸40~50g/L的混合溶液中,反应温度50~60℃,pH值3.8~4.2;
全光镍:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入硫酸镍280~300g/L,氯化镍45~55g/L,硼酸35~45g/L溶液中,反应温度为50~60℃,pH值4.3~4.5;
镍封:将清洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍280~300g/L,氯化镍45~55g/L及硼酸35~45g/L的混合溶液中,反应温度为50~60℃,pH值3.8~4.2;
三价铬:电镀三价白铬或三价黑铬得到铬层;
还包括在上述各步骤完成后都进行水洗的步骤,所述水洗是采用超纯水冲洗铝或铝合金零件4~8min,使铝合金基工件表面pH值5~7。
上述各步骤完成后都进行水洗,具体的是用超纯水冲洗铝或铝合金零件4~8min,使铝合金基工件表面pH值5~7。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述一次浸锌的反应温度为室温,反应时间为1.0~2.0min。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述二次浸锌的反应温度为室温,反应时间为30~60s。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述无氰碱铜的反应温度为55~60℃,反应时间为30s~60s,pH值为8.5~9.0。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述预镀镍的反应温度为45~55℃,反应时间为30~60min,pH值为4.0~5.0。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述酸铜的反应温度为20~30℃,反应时间为40~80min,pH值为3.8~4.5。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述半光镍的反应温度为50~60℃,反应时间为16~48min,pH值3.8~4.2。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述全光镍的反应温度为50~60℃,反应时间为12~36min,pH值4.3~4.5。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述镍封的反应温度为50~60℃,反应时间为4~12min,pH值3.8~4.2。
在本发明一较佳实施例中,所述三价白铬由三价白铬镀液在铝或铝合金表面电镀形成,镀液温度为25-35℃,电镀时间为1-5min,镀液pH值2.2-3.2,所述三价白铬镀液含有200-300g/L的氯化铵、50-100g/L的草酸铬钾、10-50g/L的磷酸二氢钾、20-70g/L的甲酸铵、1-5g/L氨基乙酸、5-12g/L的盐酸羟胺、0.2-1.2g/L的硫酸亚锡、50-100g/L的硼酸和3-12g/L的柠檬酸溶液;所述三价黑铬由三价黑铬镀液在铝或铝合金表面电镀形成,镀液温度为25-35℃,电镀时间为1-5min,镀液pH值2.2-3.2,所述三价黑铬镀液含有200-300g/L的氯化铵、50-100g/L的草酸铬钾、10-50g/L的磷酸二氢钾、20-70g/L的甲酸铵、1-5g/L氨基乙酸、5-12g/L的盐酸羟胺、0.2-1.2g/L的硫酸亚锡、50-100g/L的硼酸、1-5g/L的硫氰酸钾、2-6g/L蛋氨酸和3-12g/L的柠檬酸。
本技术方案与背景技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明采用无氰镀铜、电镀三价白铬或三佳黑铬环保工艺,对环境和操作人员危害相对较小。
2.本发明预镀镍层膜厚达到5μm以上,CASS测试可以达到96H 10级,ASS测试达到240H 10级,实现产品的高耐腐蚀性能。
3.本发明方法制得的产品通过结合力测试合格,即:150℃±2℃烘烤30min,急冷于25℃±2℃以下室温水中2min,表面无脱皮、裂纹。
4.本发明铝合金电镀工艺简单,方便实施,对操作人员的技术能力要求不高,而且生产的产品质量很稳定。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面将通过实施例对本发明的内容进行更详细地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
本发明实施例用到的测试方法和标准如下:
镀层耐腐蚀盐雾试验:试验方法执行GB/T 10125;
镀层结合力测试:150℃±2℃烘烤30min,急冷于25℃±2℃以下室温水中2min。
实施例1
对6063和6463型材铝合金零件通过以下步骤电镀环保铬:
除油:将铝合金零件放入含有氢氧化钠60wt%,碳酸钠7.5wt%,偏硅酸钠13wt%,磷酸三钠1.5wt%和4-丁炔二醇0.6wt%,除油剂(为广东山之风环保科技有限公司生产的WIN-58B)20g/L的脱脂液中,在70℃温度下进行脱脂去油;
水洗:用自来水冲铝合金零件6min,使铝合金基材表面pH值6;
碱洗:将上述水洗后的铝合金零件放入含有17g/L的氢氧化钠,30g/L的碳酸钠,25g/L的磷酸三钠的混合溶液中,在65℃温度下进行2min碱洗;
水洗:用自来水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使铝合金基材表面pH值6;
酸洗出光:将上述铝合金零件在含有硝酸75wt%,氢氟酸25wt%的混合溶液中,在室温下进行0.8min的表面酸洗处理;
水洗:用自来水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使铝合金基材表面pH值6;
一次浸锌:在含有氧化锌95g/L,氢氧化钠500g/L,酒石酸甲钠10g/L,三氯化铁2g/L及锌离子浓度10g/L的浸锌槽液中,室温下反应30s,形成锌层;
水洗:用自来水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
退锌:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入浓度为400~600g/L的硝酸溶液中进行表面退锌处理,反应时间为10s;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗上述退锌合处理后的铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
二次浸锌:将上述水洗后的铝合金零件放入含有氧化锌95g/L,氢氧化钠500/L,酒石酸甲钠10g/L,三氯化铁2g/L及锌离子浓度10g/L的浸锌槽液中,室温下反应30s;
水洗:用超纯冷水冲洗二次浸锌处理过的铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
无氰碱铜:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有羟基乙叉二膦酸40~80g/L,N,N-二乙基二乙烯基三胺12~30g/L,柠檬酸盐50~100g/L,硫酸铜30~40g/L,氯化钾15~45g/L,聚乙二醇0.4~1.0g/L,1,2-环己二胺四乙酸0.5~1g/L,2-巯基苯并咪唑0.8~1.4g/L;(1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮)-丙炔0.05~0.20g/L的混合溶液中,混合溶液的pH值为8.8,反应温度为58℃,反应时间为50s;
水洗:用超纯水冲铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
预镀镍:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍32g/L,氯化镍8g/L,乳酸6ml/L,乙二醇20ml/L,硼酸25g/L,1,4丁炔二醇0.3g/L及安美特NF镍光亮剂(为安美特NF)0.25ml/L的混合溶液中,混合溶液的pH值为4.5,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为45min,保证镍层厚度在10μm左右;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
酸铜:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有硫酸铜230g/L,硫酸30ml/L,氯离子(由盐酸提供)90ppm,光亮剂(安美特生产的光亮剂型号ULTRA)0.04g/L,整平剂(安美特生产的整平剂型号ULTRAA)0.04g/L及稳定剂(安美特生产的稳定剂型号ULTRAB)4.5ml/L的混合溶液中镀铜,反应温度为25℃,pH值为4.2,反应时间为60min;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
活化:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有硫代硫酸钠20g/L,硫酸30ml/L的溶液中,在室温下活化处理50s;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
半光镍:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍260g/L,氯化镍45g/L及硼酸45g/L的混合溶液中,反应温度55℃,pH值4.0;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
全光镍:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入硫酸镍290g/L,氯化镍50g/L,硼酸40g/L溶液中,反应温度为55℃,pH值4.4;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6:
镍封:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍290g/L,氯化镍50g/L及硼酸40g/L的混合溶液中,反应温度为55℃,pH值4.0;
水洗:用超纯水冲洗铝合金零件6min,使其表面pH值6;
三价白铬:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入含有250g/L的氯化铵,70g/L的草酸铬钾、30g/L的磷酸二氢钾、45g/L的甲酸铵、3g/L氨基乙酸,8.5g/L的盐酸羟胺、0.7g/L的硫酸亚锡、75g/L的硼酸和7.5g/L的柠檬酸溶液中。
实施例2
对6063和6463型材铝合金零件通过以下步骤电镀环保铬:
本实施例采用与实施例1相同的工艺步骤,不同之处在于实施例1电镀三价白铬,本实施例电镀三价黑铬;其他均按照实施例1的工艺步骤进行。
三价黑铬:将清洗后的铝合金零件放入250g/L的氯化铵、75g/L的草酸铬钾、30g/L的磷酸二氢钾、45g/L的甲酸铵、3g/L氨基乙酸,8.5g/L的盐酸羟胺、0.7g/L的硫酸亚锡、75g/L的硼酸、3g/L的硫氰酸钾、4g/L蛋氨酸和7.5g/L的柠檬酸溶液中。
实施例3:
对6063和6463型材铝合金零件通过以下步骤电镀环保铬:
本实施例采用与实施例1相同的工艺步骤,不同之处在于两次浸锌时间的不同,本实施例中一次浸锌时间为60s,二次浸锌时间为40s;其他均按照实施例1的工艺步骤进行。
实施例4:
对铝合金零件通过以下步骤电镀环保铬:
本实施例采用与实施例1相同的工艺步骤,不同之处在于两次浸锌时间的不同,本实施例中一次浸锌时间为90s,二次浸锌时间为50s;其他均按照实施例1的工艺步骤进行。
对比例1
本对比例中一次浸锌时间和二次浸锌时间均为20s,其他工艺步骤同实施例1。
对比例2
本对比例中一次浸锌时间为180s,二次浸锌时间为90s,其他工艺步骤同实施例1。
对比例3
本对比例未进行预镀镍处理,其他工艺步骤同实施例1,做出的涂层盐雾测试(CASS)未达到12H 10级。
对比例4:
本对比例中采用氰化物镀铜替换了实施例1中的无氰碱铜,其他工艺步骤同实施例1,本对比例采用的工艺不环保。
对比例5:
本对比例中采用与实施例1基本相同的工艺步骤,不同之处在于采用电镀六价铬替换了实施例1中的电镀三价铬,工艺不环保。
实施例1-4和对比例1得到的镀层结合力及盐雾测试结果见下表1所示。浸锌时间在要求范围内,镀层结合力均合格;浸锌时间不足,镀层起泡,镀层与基材的结合力差;浸锌时间也不能太长,超出本发明要求范围,镀层起泡,镀层与基材的结合力也差。
表1实施例1-3及对比例1-2不同浸锌时间镀层结合力测试结果
序号 | 一次浸锌时间 | 二次浸锌时间 | 结合力测试结果 |
对比例1 | 20S | 20S | 起泡 |
实施例1 | 30S | 30S | 合格 |
实施例2 | 30S | 30S | 合格 |
实施例3 | 60S | 40S | 合格 |
实施例4 | 90S | 50S | 合格 |
对比例2 | 180S | 90S | 起泡 |
实施例1和对比例3得到的镀层盐雾测试结果见下表2所示,可以看出预镀镍层可以有效提高铝合金基材的耐腐蚀性。
表2实施例1及对比例3的盐雾测试结果
序号 | 电镀工艺 | 盐雾测试结果 |
实施例1 | 预镀镍层10μm左右 | CASS96H10级 |
对比例3 | 未预镀镍层 | CASS12H严重腐蚀6级 |
以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
除油:将铝或铝合金零件放入含有以重量百分比计的氢氧化钠45~75%,碳酸钠5~10%,偏硅酸钠8~18%,磷酸三钠<3%,4-丁炔二醇<1.2%和除油剂5~35g/L的脱脂液中,脱脂温度为65~75℃;
碱洗:将脱脂除油后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有12~22g/L氢氧化钠,25~35g/L碳酸钠和20~30g/L磷酸三钠的碱洗液中,在60~70℃温度下进行1~3min碱洗;
酸洗出光:将碱洗后的铝或铝合金零件在含有以重量百分比计的硝酸70%~80%,氢氟酸20~30%的酸洗溶液中,在室温下酸洗0.5~1min;
一次浸锌:将酸洗后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有氧化锌90~100g/L,氢氧化钠400~600g/L,酒石酸甲钠5~15g/L,三氯化铁1~3g/L及锌离子浓度8~12g/L的浸锌溶液中进行一次浸锌;
退锌:将一次浸锌合后的铝或铝合金零件的放入浓度为400~600g/L的硝酸溶液中,
反应时间为5~15s;
二次浸锌:将退锌后的放入铝或铝合金零件放入含有氧化锌90~100g/L,氢氧化钠400~600g/L,酒石酸甲钠5~15g/L,三氯化铁1~3g/L及锌离子浓度8~12g/L的混合溶液中进行二次浸锌;
无氰碱铜:将二次浸锌后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有羟基乙叉二膦酸40~80g/L,N,N-二乙基二乙烯基三胺12~30g/L,柠檬酸盐50~100g/L,硫酸铜30~40g/L,氯化钾15~45g/L,聚乙二醇0.4~1.0g/L,1,2-环己二胺四乙酸0.5~1g/L,2-巯基苯并咪唑0.8~1.4g/L;(1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮)-丙炔0.05~0.20g/L的混合溶液中,经反应形成铜层;
预镀镍:将无氰碱铜处理后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍30~35g/L,氯化镍5~10g/L,乳酸4~8ml/L,乙二醇15~25ml/L,硼酸20~30g/L,1,4丁炔二醇0.1~0.4g/L和镍光亮剂0.20~0.30ml/L的镀镍液中,反应形成镍层;
酸铜:将预镀镍后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸铜160~300g/L,硫酸20~40ml/L,氯离子80-100ppm,光亮剂0.02~0.06g/L,整平剂0.02~0.06g/L及稳定剂3~6ml/L的混合溶液中镀铜;
活化:将酸铜处理后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有活化酸盐10~30g/L,硫酸20~40ml/L的溶液中在室温下活化处理40~60s;半光镍:放入含有硫酸镍240~280g/L,氯化镍40~50g/L及硼酸40~50g/L的混合溶液中,反应形成镍层;
全光镍:将活化处理后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍280~300g/L,氯化镍45~55g/L,硼酸35~45g/L的混合溶液中,反应形成全光镍;
镍封:将全光镍处理后的铝或铝合金零件放入含有硫酸镍280~300g/L,氯化镍45~55g/L及硼酸35~45g/L的混合溶液中,反应形成镍封;
三价铬:电镀三价白铬或电镀三价黑铬得到铬层;
还包括在上述各步骤完成后都进行水洗的步骤,所述水洗是采用超纯水冲洗铝或铝合金零件4~8min,使铝合金基工件表面pH值5~7。
2.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述一次浸锌的反应温度为室温,反应时间为30~120s。
3.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述二次浸锌的反应温度为室温,反应时间为30~60s。
4.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述无氰碱铜的反应温度为55~60℃,反应时间为30s~60s,pH值为8.5~9.0。
5.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述预镀镍的反应温度为45~55℃,反应时间为30~60min,pH值为4.0~5.0。
6.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述酸铜的反应温度为20~30℃,反应时间为40~80min,pH值为3.8~4.5。
7.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述半光镍的反应温度为50~60℃,反应时间为16~48min,pH值3.8~4.2。
8.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述全光镍的反应温度为50~60℃,反应时间为12~36min,pH值4.3~4.5。
9.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述镍封的反应温度为50~60℃,反应时间为4~12min,pH值3.8~4.2。
10.根据权利要求1一种铝及铝合金零件电镀环保铬的方法,其特征在于,所述三价白铬由三价白铬镀液在铝或铝合金表面电镀形成,镀液温度为25-35℃,电镀时间为1-5min,镀液pH值2.2-3.2,所述三价白铬镀液含有200-300g/L的氯化铵、50-100g/L的草酸铬钾、10-50g/L的磷酸二氢钾、20-70g/L的甲酸铵、1-5g/L氨基乙酸,5-12g/L的盐酸羟胺、0.2-1.2g/L的硫酸亚锡、50-100g/L的硼酸和3-12g/L的柠檬酸溶液;所述三价黑铬由三价黑铬镀液在铝或铝合金表面电镀形成,镀液温度为25-35℃,电镀时间为1-5min,镀液pH值2.2-3.2,所述三价黑铬镀液含有200-300g/L的氯化铵,50-100g/L的草酸铬钾、10-50g/L的磷酸二氢钾、20-70g/L的甲酸铵、1-5g/L氨基乙酸、5-12g/L的盐酸羟胺、0.2-1.2g/L的硫酸亚锡、50-100g/L的硼酸、1-5g/L的硫氰酸钾、2-6g/L蛋氨酸和3-12g/L的柠檬酸。
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