CN113444932A - High-strength wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the technical field of alloys. A high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.5-1.0%; 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Si; gd0.5-1.0%; zr0.3-0.5%; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing industrial pure Al, industrial pure Mg, Al-Gd intermediate alloy, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy according to the proportion, and melting the raw materials; casting the molten alloy liquid into ingots; carrying out cold rolling deformation on the obtained aluminum alloy ingot; carrying out aging treatment on the obtained aluminum alloy to obtain the T6 state wrought aluminum alloy; the obtained aluminum alloy was hot rolled. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention greatly improves the strength and the ductility of the aluminum alloy, and meets the requirements of the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is used as a light metal structure material in the current stage of engineering application, has low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, and has great application advantages in high-end fields such as aerospace, high-speed light rail trains, 3C products and the like. The Al-Mg-Si-RE alloy system of the rare earth aluminum alloy undergoes the development process of transition from an Al-Mg-Si-Sc system, an Al-Mg-Si-Th system and an Al-Mg-Si-Y system to the current Al-Mg-Si-Gd alloy system, and a plurality of novel aluminum alloys taking RE as a main additive element are successively developed. In the current situation of the aluminum alloy industry at present, the application of Y element in the aluminum alloy is mature day by day, and the research on elements such as Gd, Tb and Dy is not mature. At the eutectic point temperature, the limiting solid solubility of Gd in Al is 4.53 at.%, and this value decreases exponentially with decreasing temperature, which means that Al-Mg-Si-Gd alloys are typically aluminum alloys that can be precipitation strengthened by heat treatment. However, in the research of Gd-containing aluminum alloys, we find that pure Gd-element aluminum alloys have certain defects in strength and plasticity, and cannot meet the application requirements of the fields of aerospace and the like for novel light-weight, high-strength and high-ductility materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which prepares a high-performance wrought aluminum alloy material and realizes performance stabilization production by adding heavy rare earth Gd, microalloy strengthening elements Mg and Si and a grain refining element Zr and optimizing casting, extrusion and heat treatment processes, thereby greatly improving the strength and the ductility of the high-performance wrought aluminum alloy material and meeting the requirements of the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.5-1.0%; 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Si; gd0.5-1.0%; zr0.3-0.5%; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
A preparation method of a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the industrial pure Al, the industrial pure Mg, the Al-Gd intermediate alloy, the Al-Si intermediate alloy and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy according to the mixture ratio of the alloy material as claimed in claim 1;
s2: heating a reaction kettle, sequentially adding industrial pure Al, industrial pure Mg, Al-Gd intermediate alloy, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy until the materials are completely molten, and refining;
s3: casting the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into an ingot;
s4: carrying out cold rolling deformation on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3;
s5: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S4 to obtain the T6 state wrought aluminum alloy;
s6: and (4) hot rolling the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S5.
Preferably, the Al-Gd intermediate alloy is an Al-20Gd intermediate alloy, the Al-Si intermediate alloy is an Al-20Si intermediate alloy, and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is an Al-20Zr intermediate alloy.
Preferably, in the step S2, the reaction kettle is first heated to 700 ℃ and pure Al is added until pure Al is completely melted, then commercially pure Mg is added until pure Al is completely melted, when the temperature is further raised to 720 ℃, an Al-Gd intermediate alloy and an Al-Si intermediate alloy are added to the melt until completely melted, and after the temperature of the reaction kettle is further raised to 780 ℃, an Al-Zr intermediate alloy is added until completely melted.
Preferably, in the step S3, the mold is preheated to 350 ℃, the alloy liquid temperature is controlled to 710-750 ℃ for casting, and the casting is cooled to normal temperature in the air.
Preferably, the cold rolling deformation is carried out for three times, the deformation amount of each time is 3% -5%, and the total deformation amount is 10% -15%.
Preferably, in the step S6, the aluminum alloy is first heated to 450-500 ℃, the mold is preheated to 300-350 ℃, and extrusion molding is performed at an extrusion ratio of 10:1-30:1 and an extrusion rate of 1.5-3.5 m/min.
Preferably, in the step S5, the aluminum alloy is firstly insulated for 1-2 hours at 480-500 ℃ and then insulated for 8-12 hours at 510-530 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
under the conditions of proper addition of elements such as Gd, Zr and the like and proper technological conditions, a novel long-period stacking ordered structure can be formed in the Al-Mg-Si-RE alloy system, the strength and the plasticity of the Al-Mg-Si-RE alloy system are further improved, and the high-temperature tensile property, the corrosion resistance and the like of the aluminum alloy can be improved to different degrees.
The processing mode of extrusion deformation enables the aluminum alloy to have good surface quality, fine crystal grains and good dimensional accuracy, and the ductility of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved.
According to the invention, Mg, Si, Gd and Zr elements are added into Al, the addition amount of the Mg, Si, Gd and Zr elements is adjusted, and crystal grains are refined through casting, extruding and heat treatment processes, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved. The aluminum alloy obtained by reasonable processing technology under reasonable Mg, Si, Gd and Zr element content has extremely high room temperature strength and extremely high alloy plasticity, the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy with room temperature tensile strength of more than 530MPa, yield strength of more than 470MPa and elongation of more than 10% is prepared, and the light aluminum alloy material with high quality and high performance, which has simple technology, stable performance, high success rate and high production efficiency, is provided for the fields of automobile industry, aerospace and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical microstructure of the aluminum alloy prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an optical microstructure of the aluminum alloy prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is an optical microstructure of the aluminum alloy prepared in example 3;
FIG. 4 is an optical microstructure of the aluminum alloy prepared in example 4;
FIG. 5 is an optical microstructure of the aluminum alloy prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is a report of the performance test of each of the aluminum alloys in the examples.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.5 percent; 0.3 percent of Si; gd0.5%; zr0.3 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of impurity elements is less than 0.02 percent.
The high-strength wrought aluminum alloy is prepared by the following process:
s1: 940kg of industrial pure Al, 5kg of industrial pure Mg, 25kg of Al-20Gd intermediate alloy, 15kg of Al-20Si intermediate alloy and 15kg of Al-20Zr intermediate alloy are weighed according to the mixture ratio.
S2: heating a reaction kettle, firstly heating the reaction kettle to 700 ℃, adding pure Al, adding industrial pure Mg to be completely molten after the pure Al is completely molten, adding Al-20Gd intermediate alloy and Al-20Si intermediate alloy to the melt to be completely molten when the temperature is continuously raised to 720 ℃, continuously raising the temperature of the reaction kettle to 780 ℃, and then adding Al-20Zr intermediate alloy to be completely molten.
S3: preheating an ingot casting mold to 320 ℃, controlling the temperature of alloy liquid to be 720 ℃, casting the alloy liquid into ingots, and cooling the ingots to normal temperature in air.
S4: and (3) carrying out cold rolling deformation on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3, wherein the cold rolling deformation is carried out for three times, the deformation amount of each time is 3% -5%, and the total deformation amount is 10%.
S5: and (3) performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S4, namely firstly, preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy at 480 ℃ for 2h, and then preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy at 510 ℃ for 12h to obtain the T6 state wrought aluminum alloy.
S6: heating the aluminum alloy to 450 ℃, preheating a die to 300 ℃, and extruding and forming at an extrusion ratio of 10:1 and an extrusion rate of 3.5 m/min.
And (4) carrying out a room-temperature tensile test on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S6, wherein a tensile machine is a Zwick BTC-Z100 type electronic universal material testing machine, and the tensile test speed is 0.5 mm/min. The tensile strength of the obtained alloy at room temperature is 522MPa, the yield strength is 475MPa, and the elongation is 9.3%.
Example 2:
a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.5 percent; 0.3 percent of Si; gd0.5%; zr0.3 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of impurity elements is less than 0.02 percent.
The high-strength wrought aluminum alloy is prepared by the following process:
s1: 940kg of industrial pure Al, 5kg of industrial pure Mg, 25kg of Al-20Gd intermediate alloy, 15kg of Al-20Si intermediate alloy and 15kg of Al-20Zr intermediate alloy are weighed according to the mixture ratio.
S2: heating a reaction kettle, firstly heating the reaction kettle to 700 ℃, adding pure Al, adding industrial pure Mg to be completely molten after the pure Al is completely molten, adding Al-20Gd intermediate alloy and Al-20Si intermediate alloy to the melt to be completely molten when the temperature is continuously raised to 720 ℃, continuously raising the temperature of the reaction kettle to 780 ℃, and then adding Al-20Zr intermediate alloy to be completely molten.
S3: preheating an ingot casting mold to 320 ℃, controlling the temperature of alloy liquid to be 720 ℃, casting the alloy liquid into ingots, and cooling the ingots to normal temperature in air.
S4: and (3) carrying out cold rolling deformation on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3, wherein the cold rolling deformation is carried out for three times, the deformation amount of each time is 3% -5%, and the total deformation amount is 15%.
S5: and (3) performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S4, namely firstly, preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy at 480 ℃ for 2h, and then preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy at 510 ℃ for 12h to obtain the T6 state wrought aluminum alloy.
S6: heating the aluminum alloy to 450 ℃, preheating a die to 300 ℃, and extruding and forming at an extrusion ratio of 30:1 and an extrusion rate of 1.5 m/min.
And (4) carrying out a room-temperature tensile test on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S6, wherein a tensile machine is a Zwick BTC-Z100 type electronic universal material testing machine, and the tensile test speed is 0.5 mm/min. The tensile strength of the obtained alloy at room temperature is 542MPa, the yield strength is 509MPa, and the elongation is 10.5%.
Example 3:
a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.8%, Si0.6%, Gd0.8%; zr0.4%; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of impurity elements is less than 0.02 percent.
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 2, wherein 902kg of industrial pure Al, 8kg of industrial pure Mg, 40kg of Al-20Gd intermediate alloy, 30kg of Al-20Si intermediate alloy and 20kg of Al-20Zr intermediate alloy are added.
And (3) carrying out a room-temperature tensile test on the prepared aluminum alloy, wherein a tensile machine is a Zwick BTC-Z100 type electronic universal material testing machine, and the tensile test speed is 0.5 mm/min. The tensile strength of the obtained alloy at room temperature is 562MPa, the yield strength is 514MPa, and the elongation is 11.7%.
Example 4:
a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg1.0%, Si0.8%, Gd1.0%; zr0.5%; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of impurity elements is less than 0.02 percent.
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 2, wherein 875kg of industrial pure Al, 10kg of industrial pure Mg, 50kg of Al-20Gd intermediate alloy, 40kg of Al-20Si intermediate alloy and 25kg of Al-20Zr intermediate alloy are added.
And (3) carrying out a room-temperature tensile test on the prepared aluminum alloy, wherein a tensile machine is a Zwick BTC-Z100 type electronic universal material testing machine, and the tensile test speed is 0.5 mm/min. The tensile strength of the obtained alloy at room temperature is 575MPa, the yield strength is 526MPa, and the elongation is 12.3%.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example uses a single Gd element wrought aluminum alloy previously developed by the company as a reference and the preparation method thereof was performed according to the procedure of example 3.
A high-strength wrought aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.8%, Si0.6%, Gd0.8%; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of impurity elements is less than 0.02 percent.
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 2, wherein industrial pure Al 922kg, industrial pure Mg 8kg, Al-20Gd intermediate alloy 40kg and Al-20Si intermediate alloy 30kg are added.
And (3) carrying out a room-temperature tensile test on the prepared aluminum alloy, wherein a tensile machine is a Zwick BTC-Z100 type electronic universal material testing machine, and the tensile test speed is 0.5 mm/min. The tensile strength of the obtained alloy at room temperature is 482MPa, the yield strength is 415MPa, and the elongation is 7.6%.
With the attached drawings, it can be seen from the above examples 1 and 2 that the total deformation rate of the cold rolling process is increased from 10% to 15%, the hot rolling extrusion ratio is increased from 10:1 to 30:1, and the extrusion rate is correspondingly reduced, so that the effect of further refining grains can be achieved, and the tensile strength and ductility of the aluminum alloy are correspondingly improved.
It can be seen from the above examples 2-4 that the tensile strength and ductility of the aluminum alloy can be improved by correspondingly increasing the content of Mg, Si, Gd, Zr, etc. in the aluminum alloy within a certain range.
As can be seen from example 3 and comparative example 1, the tensile strength and ductility of the aluminum alloy can be greatly improved by adding Zr element.
Claims (8)
1. The high-strength wrought aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.5-1.0%; 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Si; gd0.5-1.0%; zr0.3-0.5%; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: weighing the industrial pure Al, the industrial pure Mg, the Al-Gd intermediate alloy, the Al-Si intermediate alloy and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy according to the mixture ratio of the alloy material as claimed in claim 1;
s2: heating a reaction kettle, sequentially adding industrial pure Al, industrial pure Mg, Al-Gd intermediate alloy, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy until the materials are completely molten, and refining;
s3: casting the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into an ingot;
s4: carrying out cold rolling deformation on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S3;
s5: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S4 to obtain the T6 state wrought aluminum alloy;
s6: and (4) hot rolling the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S5.
3. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: the Al-Gd intermediate alloy is Al-20Gd intermediate alloy, the Al-Si intermediate alloy is Al-20Si intermediate alloy, and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is Al-20Zr intermediate alloy.
4. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S2, firstly, the reaction kettle is heated to 700 ℃ and pure Al is added until the pure Al is completely melted, then industrial pure Mg is added until the pure Al is completely melted, when the temperature is continuously raised to 720 ℃, Al-Gd intermediate alloy and Al-Si intermediate alloy are added into the melt until the pure Al is completely melted, the temperature of the reaction kettle is continuously raised to 780 ℃, and then Al-Zr intermediate alloy is added until the pure Al is completely melted.
5. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S3, the mold is preheated to 350 ℃, the temperature of the alloy liquid is controlled to 750 ℃ at 710 ℃ for casting, and the alloy liquid is cooled to normal temperature in the air.
6. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: the cold rolling deformation is carried out for three times, the deformation amount of each time is 3% -5%, and the total deformation amount is 10% -15%.
7. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S6, the aluminum alloy is first heated to 450-500 ℃, the mold is preheated to 300-350 ℃, and extrusion molding is carried out at an extrusion ratio of 10:1-30:1 and an extrusion rate of 1.5-3.5 m/min.
8. The method for preparing a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S5, firstly, the aluminum alloy is subjected to heat preservation for 1-2 hours at 480-500 ℃, and then is subjected to heat preservation for 8-12 hours at 510-530 ℃.
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| CN115537615A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-30 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-brightness aluminum alloy for automobile door and window trim and preparation method |
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