CN110004341B - High-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110004341B
CN110004341B CN201910357927.3A CN201910357927A CN110004341B CN 110004341 B CN110004341 B CN 110004341B CN 201910357927 A CN201910357927 A CN 201910357927A CN 110004341 B CN110004341 B CN 110004341B
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ingots
magnesium alloy
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raw materials
strength
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CN110004341A (en
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吴广新
贾慧超
成毅
张捷宇
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth and a preparation method thereof, and the high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3 to 8 wt% of Al, 0.5 to 6.5 wt% of Ca, 0.1 to 1.2 wt% of Mn, 1.5 to 4.5 wt% of Zn, 0.02 to 2.5 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities. Melting and alloying pure magnesium ingots; preparing a casting and carrying out solution treatment; carrying out homogenization heat treatment, adopting extrusion and forging processes to carry out deformation processing, and then carrying out aging treatment. The gain effect is as follows: the invention provides a magnesium alloy with high strength, which can be processed into magnesium alloy materials with various sizes through plastic deformation treatment, can meet the requirements of parts such as automobiles and the like on light high-strength materials, and expands the utilization field of the magnesium alloy.

Description

High-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnesium alloy material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a magnesium alloy material containing rare earth and a preparation method thereof, which are applied to the technical field of non-ferrous metal materials.
Background
With the improvement of the requirement of weight reduction of materials, magnesium alloys are called as "green engineering materials" because of their smaller density, good machining performance, higher specific strength and good heat dissipation performance, and have now increasingly received attention from the academic field and the manufacturing field, and become research hotspots. In order to meet the requirement of light weight and improve the application of magnesium alloy in industrial production, the development of high-strength magnesium alloy has become a necessary development trend. The development of a novel high-strength magnesium alloy with high performance and low cost has become one of the focuses of material science section and industrial industry in recent years by exploring the strengthening and toughening microscopic mechanism of the magnesium alloy.
In the current research on high-strength magnesium alloy, CN104233030A discloses an age-hardenable magnesium alloy
The Mg-Zn-Al-Cr-Bi-Ca alloy and the preparation method thereof have the following components in percentage by weight: 4 to 10 percent of Zn, and the Zn is added,
2 to 4 percent of Al, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Bi, 0.5 to 2.0 percent of Ca and the balance of Mg. The invention can obtain the cast magnesium alloy with relatively thin as-cast structure, high thermal stability and mechanical property and age hardening effect. CN105200292A discloses a high-strength Mg-Al-Zn alloy and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following components (wt%):
8.3 to 9.7 percent of Al, 0.35 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Cu, and the balance of magnesium and inevitable impurities. The mechanical property of the alloy is further improved after the heat treatment by T6, the highest tensile strength can reach 240MPa, the highest yield strength can reach 148MPa, and the highest hardness can reach 107 HB. It can be seen that the strength of the magnesium alloy which is currently studied is improved, but the requirement of industrialization for high-strength and light-weight materials cannot be met.
ZA series magnesium alloy is a magnesium alloy which is studied actively in recent years, and the main strengthening phase of the ZA series magnesium alloy is Mg32(Al,Zn)49Melting point 535 ℃. AZ91D alloy primary strengthening phase Mg17Al12Compared with AZ91D alloy, ZA series magnesium alloy has higher melting point and thermal stability, thus improving high temperature creep resistance, and has casting performance equivalent to AZ series magnesium alloy and strong application prospect. However, the existing magnesium alloy has insufficient grain refinement, the magnesium alloy casting is easy to produce shrinkage cavity and segregation, the mechanical property is not ideal, the requirements of parts such as automobiles and the like on light high-strength materials can not be met, and the utilization field of the magnesium alloy is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy comprises the following main components in percentage by mass (%): 3 to 8 wt% of Al, 0.5 to 6.5 wt% of Ca, 0.1 to 1.2 wt% of Mn, 1.5 to 4.5 wt% of Zn, 0.02 to 2.5 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the Al content is 4.5 to 6.5 wt%.
Preferably, the Ca content is 1.0 to 4.5 wt%.
The Mn content is preferably 0.25 to 1.0 wt%.
Preferably, the Zn content is 2.0 to 3.5 wt%.
Preferably, the Zr content is 0.03 to 1.2 wt%.
Preferably, the Nd and Sm are contained in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt%.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3 to 8 wt% of Al, 0.5 to 6.5 wt% of Ca, 0.1 to 1.2 wt% of Mn, 1.5 to 4.5 wt% of Zn, 0.02 to 2.5 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is not lower than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1) is (150-350); heating to 350-450 ℃, and adding Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots; continuously heating to 650-720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the melting and alloying of the raw materials are finished, alloy casting is carried out, and the superheat degree of the alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium to the extent that the superheat degree of the alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium during castingThe temperature is reduced by 40 ℃, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step b by adopting an extrusion processing process or a forging processing process to obtain a magnesium alloy section;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by plastic processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 360-550 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 140-300 ℃, and the aging time is 2-100 hours.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3 to 8 wt% of Al, 0.5 to 6.5 wt% of Ca, 0.1 to 1.2 wt% of Mn, 1.5 to 4.5 wt% of Zn, 0.02 to 2.5 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is not lower than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1) is (150-350); heating to 350-450 ℃, and adding Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots; continuously heating to 650-720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, and the alloy melt is controlled during castingThe superheat degree is at least 40 ℃ higher than the melting point of magnesium, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting an extrusion processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 275-480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6-12 hours; extruding the magnesium alloy cast blank subjected to homogenization heat treatment, controlling the extrusion ratio to be 8-22, the extrusion speed to be 5-20 mm/s and the extrusion temperature to be 175-240 ℃, and stretching and straightening the magnesium alloy cast blank to obtain an extruded section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 360-510 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 220-300 ℃, and the aging time is 2-100 hours.
As another preferable technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3 to 8 wt% of Al, 0.5 to 6.5 wt% of Ca, 0.1 to 1.2 wt% of Mn, 1.5 to 4.5 wt% of Zn, 0.02 to 2.5 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy melting furnace until the temperature in the crucible is not lowAt 350 deg.C, start SF6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1) is (150-350); heating to 350-450 ℃, and adding Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots; continuously heating to 650-720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by at least 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting a forging processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 300-480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6-12 hours; carrying out isothermal forging on the magnesium alloy casting blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, wherein the forging temperature is 325-450 ℃, and the forging is carried out for 2-16 times; taking out the sample from the heating furnace for the first time until the whole forging process is finished for no more than 50s, wherein, every two times of forging, putting the sample into the furnace for annealing for at least 10min, and finally obtaining a forged section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 140-280 ℃, and the aging time is 2-100 hours.
The magnesium alloy casting blank is subjected to plastic working, the magnesium alloy has poor plastic working performance due to the fact that the magnesium alloy has a close-packed hexagonal structure and less slip systems, and improvement of the plastic working performance is a research point for better utilizing the heat dissipation magnesium alloy. The common plastic processing technologies at present comprise three methods of hydrogenation treatment, electro-plastic processing and large plastic deformation. The magnesium alloy of the invention is processed by extrusion or forging.
Wherein, the extrusion processing is to refine crystal grains under the action of three-direction extrusion force and improve the plastic processing performance of the die. Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the casting prepared in the step, wherein the homogenization treatment process is to heat the casting to 275-425 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6-12 hours; and extruding the heat-treated sample at an extrusion ratio of 8-22, an extrusion speed of 5-20 mm/s and an extrusion temperature of 175-225 ℃, and stretching and straightening to obtain the rare earth magnesium alloy hot-extruded section with the diameter of 20-50 mm.
The forging is an important process for producing high-quality wrought magnesium alloy, and the magnesium alloy can be forged into forgings with different sizes and shapes and has high mechanical property and low mechanical cost. Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the casting, wherein the homogenization treatment process is to heat the casting to 300-450 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6-12 hours; and carrying out isothermal forging on the obtained alloy, wherein the forging temperature is 325-450 ℃, and the forging is carried out for 2-16 times. And taking out the sample from the heating furnace to the end of the experiment, wherein the whole process is not more than 50s, putting the sample into the furnace for annealing for 10min every two forging steps, and waiting to obtain the hot extrusion section of the rare earth magnesium alloy.
The invention carries out heat treatment processing on the extruded sample, and the heat treatment of the magnesium alloy is mainly T5 and T6. T5 is artificial aging, most magnesium alloys are not sensitive to natural aging, and part of magnesium alloys are directly subjected to artificial aging without solution treatment after casting or processing forming, so that the stress of workpieces can be eliminated. T6 is solution treatment followed by artificial aging, which generally increases the yield point of the alloy. The T6 treatment is carried out, namely, the supersaturated solid solution obtained by the solution treatment is decomposed and a second phase is precipitated in the artificial aging process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious and prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
1. the high-strength rare earth magnesium alloy is added with the rare earth elements and other alloy elements with specific components, so that the fine-grain strengthening effect of the high-strength rare earth magnesium alloy is obviously stronger than that of the traditional magnesium alloy;
2. according to the preparation process of the high-strength magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy materials with various sizes are processed through plastic deformation treatment, the magnesium alloy with high heat dissipation performance and mechanical performance is obtained, the magnesium alloy has high strength and excellent plasticity through forging, extruding and heat treatment, the requirements of parts such as automobiles and the like on light high-strength materials can be met, and the utilization field of the magnesium alloy is expanded;
3. the preparation method of the high-strength rare earth magnesium alloy has simple process requirements, can meet the requirements of industrial production, can reduce shrinkage cavity and segregation of magnesium alloy castings, greatly improves the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy castings, and is very suitable for wide popularization.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are detailed below:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in this example, a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy was composed mainly of the following mass% (%): 3.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 3.0 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Zr, 0.9 wt% of Nd, 0.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 3.0 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Zr, 0.9 wt% of Nd, 0.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and opening the furnace when the temperature in the crucible is more than 350 DEG CSF6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 350); when the temperature is raised to 350 ℃, Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots are added; continuously heating to 650 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting an extrusion processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 8 hours; extruding the magnesium alloy cast blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, controlling the extrusion ratio to be 16, the extrusion speed to be 10mm/s and the extrusion temperature to be 240 ℃, and stretching and straightening the magnesium alloy cast blank to obtain an extruded bar of the rare earth magnesium alloy with the diameter of 20 mm;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 510 ℃, and the treatment time is 10 hours; the ageing treatment temperature is 220 ℃, and the ageing time is 50 hours.
Experimental test analysis:
the high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth prepared in the embodiment is used as a sample, and the mechanical property of the obtained material is as follows: the tensile strength is 560MPa to 595MPa, the yield strength is 515MPa to 530MPa, and the elongation is 12.3 percent to 13.6 percent.
Example two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy was composed mainly of the following mass% (%): 3.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 3.0 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Zr, 0.8 wt% of Nd, 0.3 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 3.0 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Zr, 0.8 wt% of Nd, 0.3 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is not lower than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 350); when the temperature is raised to 350 ℃, Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots are added; continuously heating to 650 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting a forging processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 9 hours; carrying out isothermal forging on the magnesium alloy casting blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, wherein the forging temperature is 410 ℃, and the forging is carried out for 8 times; taking out the sample from the heating furnace for the first time until the whole forging process is finished for no more than 50s, wherein, every two times of forging, putting the sample into the furnace for annealing for 10min, and finally obtaining a forged section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 510 ℃, and the treatment time is 10 hours; the ageing treatment temperature is 220 ℃, and the ageing time is 50 hours.
The high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth prepared in the embodiment is used as a sample, and the mechanical property of the obtained material is as follows: the tensile strength is 460MPa to 495MPa, the yield strength is 420MPa to 435MPa, and the elongation is 10.5 percent to 11.7 percent.
Example three:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy was composed mainly of the following mass% (%): 4.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 wt% of Ca, 0.25 wt% of Mn, 2.0 wt% of Zn, 0.03 wt% of Zr, 0.1 wt% of Nd, 0.1 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 4.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 wt% of Ca, 0.25 wt% of Mn, 2.0 wt% of Zn, 0.03 wt% of Zr, 0.1 wt% of Nd, 0.1 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is more than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 150-350; when the temperature is raised to 350 ℃, Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots are added; continuously heating to 650 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting an extrusion processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 275 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6 hours; extruding the magnesium alloy cast blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, controlling the extrusion ratio to be 8, the extrusion speed to be 5mm/s and the extrusion temperature to be 175 ℃, and stretching and straightening the magnesium alloy cast blank to obtain an extruded bar of the rare earth magnesium alloy with the diameter of 20 mm;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 360 ℃, and the treatment time is 4 hours; the ageing treatment temperature is 220 ℃, and the ageing time is 2 hours.
Experimental test analysis:
the high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth prepared in the embodiment is used as a sample, and the mechanical property of the obtained material is as follows: the tensile strength is 370MPa to 415MPa, the yield strength is 305MPa to 320MPa, and the elongation is 9.6 percent to 10.8 percent.
Example four:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy was composed mainly of the following mass% (%): 6.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 1.0 wt% of Mn, 3.5 wt% of Zn, 1.2 wt% of Zr, 1.0 wt% of Nd, 1.0 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 6.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 1.0 wt% of Mn, 3.5 wt% of Zn, 1.2 wt% of Zr, 1.0 wt% of Nd, 1.0 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is more than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 150); when the temperature is raised to 450 ℃, Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots are added; continuously heating to 720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting an extrusion processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 12 hours; extruding the magnesium alloy cast blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, controlling the extrusion ratio to be 22, the extrusion speed to be 20mm/s and the extrusion temperature to be 240 ℃, and stretching and straightening the magnesium alloy cast blank to obtain an extruded bar of the rare earth magnesium alloy with the diameter of 50 mm;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 510 ℃, and the treatment time is 12 hours; the ageing treatment temperature is 300 ℃, and the ageing time is 100 hours.
Experimental test analysis:
the high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth prepared in the embodiment is used as a sample, and the mechanical property of the obtained material is as follows: the tensile strength is 580 MPa-615 MPa, the yield strength is 535 MPa-545 MPa, and the elongation is 12.8% -14.2%.
Example five:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy was composed mainly of the following mass% (%): 4.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 wt% of Ca, 0.25 wt% of Mn, 2.0 wt% of Zn, 0.03 wt% of Zr, 0.1 wt% of Nd, 0.1 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 4.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 wt% of Ca, 0.25 wt% of Mn, 2.0 wt% of Zn, 0.03 wt% of Zr, 0.1 wt% of Nd, 0.1 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is more than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 350); when the temperature is raised to 350 ℃, Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots are added; continuously heating to 650 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting a forging processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 300 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6 hours; carrying out isothermal forging on the magnesium alloy casting blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, wherein the forging temperature is 325 ℃, and the forging is carried out for 16 times; taking out the sample from the heating furnace for the first time until the whole forging process is finished for no more than 50s, wherein, every two times of forging, putting the sample into the furnace for annealing for 10min, and finally obtaining a forged section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 450 ℃, and the treatment time is 4 hours; the ageing treatment temperature is 140 ℃, and the ageing time is 2 hours.
Experimental test analysis:
the high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth prepared in the embodiment is used as a sample, and the mechanical property of the obtained material is as follows: the tensile strength is 485 MPa-520 MPa, the yield strength is 435 MPa-450 MPa, and the elongation is 8.5% -9.7%.
Example six:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy was composed mainly of the following mass% (%): 6.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 1.0 wt% of Mn, 3.5 wt% of Zn, 1.2 wt% of Zr, 1.0 wt% of Nd, 1.0 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth in this embodiment includes the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following mass percentage (%) by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 6.5 wt% of Al, 4.5 wt% of Ca, 1.0 wt% of Mn, 3.5 wt% of Zn, 1.2 wt% of Zr, 1.0 wt% of Nd, 1.0 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is more than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 150); when the temperature is raised to 450 ℃, Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots are added; continuously heating to 720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots and Sm ingotsAnd an Nd ingot; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting a forging processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 12 hours; carrying out isothermal forging on the magnesium alloy casting blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, wherein the forging temperature is 450 ℃, and the forging is carried out for 16 times; taking out the sample from the heating furnace for the first time until the whole forging process is finished for no more than 50s, wherein, every two times of forging, putting the sample into the furnace for annealing for 10min, and finally obtaining a forged section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 550 ℃, and the treatment time is 12 hours; the ageing treatment temperature is 280 ℃, and the ageing time is 100 hours.
Experimental test analysis:
the high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth prepared in the embodiment is used as a sample, and the mechanical property of the obtained material is as follows: the tensile strength is 510MPa to 545MPa, the yield strength is 460MPa to 475MPa, and the elongation is 7.8 percent to 8.7 percent.
Comparative example one:
a preparation method of a rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: according to the weight percentage, 5 percent of Al, 3 percent of Ca, 0.5 percent of Mn, 3 percent of Zn, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.08 percent of Nd, 0.08 percent of Sm and the balance of Mg are prepared into alloy raw materials;
(2) alloy smelting: firstly, melting a magnesium ingot by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and opening SF (sulfur hexafluoride) when the temperature in a crucible is more than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 350), when the temperature is raised to 350 ℃, firstly adding magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, aluminum ingots and metal Mn, continuously raising the temperature to 650 ℃, then adding metal Ca, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots, adding a small amount of metal Ca, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after alloying is finished, alloy casting is prepared, the superheat degree of the alloy is higher than the melting point of magnesium by 40 ℃, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting.
The mechanical properties of the material obtained in this comparative example are as follows: the tensile strength is 185 MPa-215 MPa, and the yield strength is 121 MPa-132 MPa.
Comparative example two:
a preparation method of a rare earth magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: according to the weight percentage, 5 percent of Al, 3 percent of Ca, 0.5 percent of Mn, 3 percent of Zn, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.08 percent of Nd, 0.08 percent of Sm and the balance of Mg are prepared into alloy raw materials;
(2) alloy smelting: firstly, melting a magnesium ingot by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and opening SF (sulfur hexafluoride) when the temperature in a crucible is more than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1: 350), when the temperature is raised to 350 ℃, firstly adding magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, aluminum ingots and metal Mn, continuously raising the temperature to 650 ℃, then adding metal Ca, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots, adding a small amount of metal Ca, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after alloying is finished, preparing for alloy casting, wherein the superheat degree of the alloy is higher than 40 ℃ of the melting point of magnesium, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting;
(3) the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and carrying out heat treatment processing on the cast sample. The solution treatment temperature is 520 ℃, and the treatment time is 8 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 40 hours.
The mechanical properties of the obtained material were as follows: the tensile strength is 320MPa to 355MPa, the yield strength is 150MPa to 170MPa, and the elongation is 6.3 percent to 7.5 percent.
It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation mechanical properties of the high-strength rare earth magnesium alloy prepared in the above examples are significantly better than those of the magnesium alloy prepared in the above comparative example. The rare earth magnesium alloy with high strength prepared by the embodiment of the invention is obviously stronger in fine crystal strengthening effect than the traditional magnesium alloy due to the addition of the rare earth elements and other alloy elements with specific components. The preparation method of the rare earth magnesium alloy with high strength provided by the embodiment of the invention has simple process requirements, can meet the industrial production requirements, can reduce shrinkage cavity and segregation of magnesium alloy castings, greatly improves the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy castings, and is very suitable for wide popularization.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made according to the purpose of the invention, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the technical solution of the present invention should be equivalent substitutions as long as the purpose of the present invention is met, and the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention as long as the technical principle and inventive concept of the high strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are not departed.

Claims (4)

1. The high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth is characterized by comprising the following main components in percentage by mass: 3.5 to 6.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 to 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 to 1.0 wt% of Mn, 2.0 to 3.5 wt% of Zn, 0.03 to 1.2 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities; the high-strength magnesium alloy containing rare earth has the tensile strength of 560MPa to 595MPa, the yield strength of 515MPa to 530MPa and the elongation of 12.3 percent to 13.6 percent.
2. A method for preparing the high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following main raw material components by mass percent, calculated by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3.5 to 6.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 to 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 to 1.0 wt% of Mn, 2.0 to 3.5 wt% of Zn, 0.03 to 1.2 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is not lower than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1) is (150-350); heating to 350-450 ℃, and adding Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots; continuously heating to 650-720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by at least 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step b by adopting an extrusion processing process or a forging processing process to obtain a magnesium alloy section;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by plastic processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 360-550 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 140-300 ℃, and the aging time is 2-100 hours.
3. The method for preparing a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following main raw material components by mass percent, calculated by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3.5 to 6.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 to 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 to 1.0 wt% of Mn, 2.0 to 3.5 wt% of Zn, 0.03 to 1.2 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is not lower than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1) is (150-350); heating to 350-450 ℃, and adding Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots; continuously heating to 650-720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by at least 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting an extrusion processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 275-480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6-12 hours; extruding the magnesium alloy cast blank subjected to homogenization heat treatment, controlling the extrusion ratio to be 8-22, the extrusion speed to be 5-20 mm/s and the extrusion temperature to be 175-240 ℃, and stretching and straightening the magnesium alloy cast blank to obtain an extruded section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 360-510 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 220-300 ℃, and the aging time is 2-100 hours.
4. The method for preparing a high-strength rare earth-containing magnesium alloy according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
a. preparing raw materials:
pure Mg ingots, pure Al ingots, pure Ca ingots, pure Mn ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Zr ingots, pure Sm ingots and pure Nd ingots are used as raw materials, and when the raw materials are mixed, the raw materials are mixed according to the following main raw material components by mass percent, calculated by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 3.5 to 6.5 wt% of Al, 1.0 to 4.5 wt% of Ca, 0.5 to 1.0 wt% of Mn, 2.0 to 3.5 wt% of Zn, 0.03 to 1.2 wt% of Zr, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Nd, 0.05 to 1.5 wt% of Sm, and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities;
b. an alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
melting the raw materials prepared in the step a by using a magnesium alloy smelting furnace, and starting SF when the temperature in the crucible is not lower than 350 DEG C6And CO2Of mixed gas of (1), wherein SF6And CO2The mixing volume ratio of (1) is (150-350); heating to 350-450 ℃, and adding Mg ingots, Zn ingots, Al ingots and Mn ingots; continuously heating to 650-720 ℃, and then adding Ca ingots, Zr ingots, Sm ingots and Nd ingots; adding the raw materials in small amount for multiple times, and simultaneously starting a stirring paddle for stirring; after the raw materials are melted and alloyed, alloy casting is carried out, the superheat degree of an alloy melt is controlled to be higher than the melting point of magnesium by at least 40 ℃ during casting, and a protective gas hood is used for protection during casting; solidifying the casting structure to obtain a magnesium alloy casting blank;
c. and (3) plastic processing technology:
and (b) performing plastic processing on the magnesium alloy casting blank prepared in the step (b) by adopting a forging processing technology to obtain a magnesium alloy section, wherein the specific technological process is as follows:
carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy cast blank, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process is to heat the magnesium alloy cast blank to 300-480 ℃ and keep the temperature for 6-12 hours; carrying out isothermal forging on the magnesium alloy casting blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, wherein the forging temperature is 325-450 ℃, and the forging is carried out for 2-16 times; the sample is taken out from the heating furnace for the first time and does not exceed 50s after the whole forging process is finished, wherein the sample is placed into the furnace for annealing for at least 10min every two times of forging; finally obtaining a forged section of the rare earth magnesium alloy;
d. the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment processing on the magnesium alloy section obtained by extrusion processing, and obtaining a high-strength magnesium alloy finished product containing rare earth by adopting solid solution treatment and aging treatment; wherein the solution treatment temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 140-280 ℃, and the aging time is 2-100 hours.
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