CN111101034A - Low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A low rare earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of rare earth aluminum alloy manufacturing, and comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0-7.0% of Zn, 2.0-3.0% of Mg, 1.0-2.0% of Cu, 0.3-0.6% of Er and 0.3-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities. According to the invention, common Mg and Zn are used in combination, Er and Zr are introduced by adding the intermediate alloy Al-Er and Al-Zr, the melting point of Zr is very high, Zr is introduced by adding the intermediate alloy Al-Zr, the melting point of Zr can be effectively reduced, the characteristics of corrosion resistance, hardness, strength and the like of the alloy can be improved after Zr is added, and meanwhile rare earth element Er is introduced, crystal grains can be refined, the structure is improved by refining the crystal grains, the uniformity of the structure is improved, and the performance of the alloy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rare earth aluminum alloy manufacturing, and particularly relates to a low-rare earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology in China, the development of the domestic automobile industry is more and more rapid, parts in the automobile industry are mostly made of aluminum alloy materials, the requirements on the performance of the aluminum alloy materials in the automobile manufacturing and using process are relatively high due to the consideration of safety, and a deformed aluminum alloy product produced through the processes of forging, extruding or rolling and the like generally has higher strength, longer fatigue life and better ductility and has excellent performance which cannot be replaced by a cast aluminum alloy product.
Currently, 7075 aluminum alloy is widely used as a production material in automobile manufacturing and other production fields among existing wrought aluminum alloys. However, 7075 has poor room temperature plasticity, especially poor heat resistance and large tendency to heat cracking, and aluminum alloy parts need to bear severe environments such as high temperature, corrosion and alternating load in the service process, so that over time, fatigue crack sources and fatigue crack sources can be generated on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy parts, the aluminum alloy parts continue to further expand into cracks, and the parts can be subjected to fatigue failure, so that the aluminum alloy parts are difficult to meet the use in the high temperature resistant environment, and the development of the aluminum alloy is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-rare earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a low-rare earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0-7.0% of Zn, 2.0-3.0% of Mg, 1.0-2.0% of Cu, 0.3-0.6% of Er and 0.3-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities.
The low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy comprises Fe and Si.
The rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth content and high performance is characterized in that the mass of the impurities is less than 0.03 percent of the total mass.
The mass of Er and Zr is respectively recorded as the mass of Er and Zr in the intermediate alloy Al-Er and Al-Zr.
The low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized in that the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is an Al-30Zn intermediate alloy, the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is an Al-25Cu intermediate alloy, the Al-Er intermediate alloy is an Al-25Zn intermediate alloy, and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is an Al-25Zr intermediate alloy.
A preparation method of a low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing a pure aluminum ingot, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, sending the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into a baking oven for preheating, and preserving heat for 15-25 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent to remove impurities, standing at 735-750 ℃ for 25-35 minutes, fishing dross on the surface of the melt after the standing is finished, cooling, casting a rare earth aluminum alloy block in an iron mold, and obtaining the aluminum alloy bar through machining, homogenizing and hot extrusion.
The method for preparing the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth and high performance has the advantages that the purity of aluminum and magnesium is more than 99.9 percent, and the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Er and Al-Zr is more than 99.5 percent.
In the preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth and high performance, the preheating temperature of the oven in the first step is 120-150 ℃.
In the preparation method of the low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy melt in the fourth step is cooled to 680-715 ℃.
According to the preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth and high performance, the iron mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ during casting in the fourth step.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, common Mg and Zn are used in combination, Er and Zr are introduced by adding the intermediate alloy Al-Er and Al-Zr, the melting point of Zr is very high, Zr is introduced by adding the intermediate alloy Al-Zr, the melting point of Zr can be effectively reduced, the characteristics of corrosion resistance, hardness, strength and the like of the alloy can be improved after Zr is added, and meanwhile rare earth element Er is introduced, crystal grains can be refined, the structure is improved by refining the crystal grains, the uniformity of the structure is improved, and the performance of the alloy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure view of an as-cast alloy in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of an alloy in an extruded state in example 1;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys according to the mass percent of 5.0 percent of Zn, 2.0 percent of Mg, 1.0 percent of Cu, 0.3 percent of Er, 0.3 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, sending the pure aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys into a baking oven for preheating, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent, removing impurities, standing at 730 ℃ for 35 minutes, fishing floating slag on the surface of the melt after standing, cooling, casting in an iron mold to obtain an aluminum alloy block, and then machining, homogenizing and hot extruding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys according to the mass percent of 5.5 percent of Zn, 2.2 percent of Mg, 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Er, 0.4 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, sending the pure aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys into a baking oven for preheating, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent, removing impurities, standing at 735 ℃ for 35 minutes, fishing dross on the surface of the melt after standing, cooling, casting in an iron mold to obtain an aluminum alloy block, and then machining, homogenizing and hot extruding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys according to the mass percent of 6.0 percent of Zn, 2.4 percent of Mg, 1.4 percent of Cu, 0.5 percent of Er, 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, sending the pure aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys into a baking oven for preheating, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent, removing impurities, standing at 738 ℃ for 35 minutes, fishing floating slag on the surface of the melt after standing, cooling, casting in an iron mold to obtain an aluminum alloy block, and then machining, homogenizing and hot extruding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys according to the mass percent of 6.5 percent of Zn, 2.6 percent of Mg, 1.6 percent of Cu, 0.6 percent of Er, 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, sending the pure aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys into a baking oven for preheating, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent, removing impurities, standing at 740 ℃ for 35 minutes, fishing floating slag on the surface of the melt after the standing is finished, casting in an iron mold after cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy block, and obtaining an aluminum alloy bar through machining, homogenizing and hot extrusion.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys according to the mass percent of 7.0 percent of Zn, 2.8 percent of Mg, 1.8 percent of Cu, 0.6 percent of Er, 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, sending the pure aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys into a baking oven for preheating, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
step two: step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent, removing impurities, standing at 740 ℃ for 35 minutes, fishing floating slag on the surface of the melt after the standing is finished, casting in an iron mold after cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy block, and obtaining an aluminum alloy bar through machining, homogenizing and hot extrusion.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys according to the mass percent of 7.0 percent of Zn, 3.0 percent of Mg, 2.0 percent of Cu, 0.6 percent of Er, 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, sending the pure aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloys, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloys, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloys and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys into a baking oven for preheating, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent, removing impurities, standing at 740 ℃ for 35 minutes, fishing floating slag on the surface of the melt after the standing is finished, casting in an iron mold after cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy block, and obtaining an aluminum alloy bar through machining, homogenizing and hot extrusion.
Comparative examples
The comparative example is different from the example only in that no rare earth element is added, only 7075, and the preparation process is the same
Performance detection
The performance ratio is shown in table one:
watch 1
As can be seen from the table I, the strength of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention at room temperature is superior to 7075, particularly at high temperature, the tensile strength is only reduced by 20-30MPa, about 10-20%, and the tensile strength is obviously improved; particularly, the aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment 1 has the tensile strength reduced by only 120MPa within 300 ℃ of 250-.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low rare earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the material composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0-7.0% of Zn, 2.0-3.0% of Mg, 1.0-2.0% of Cu, 0.3-0.6% of Er and 0.3-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities.
2. The low rare earth high performance rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the impurities comprise Fe and Si.
3. The low rare earth high performance rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the mass of the impurities is less than 0.03 percent of the total mass.
4. The low rare earth high performance rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the mass of Er and Zr is respectively marked as the mass of Er and Zr in the intermediate alloy Al-Er and Al-Zr.
5. The low rare earth high performance rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 4, wherein: the Al-Zn intermediate alloy is Al-30Zn intermediate alloy, the Al-Cu intermediate alloy is Al-25Cu intermediate alloy, the Al-Er intermediate alloy is Al-25Er intermediate alloy, and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is Al-25Zr intermediate alloy.
6. A preparation method of a low-rare-earth high-performance rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing a pure aluminum ingot, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, sending the pure aluminum ingot, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into a baking oven for preheating, and preserving heat for 15-25 minutes;
step two: feeding a pure aluminum ingot and a pure magnesium ingot into a crucible, heating in sections at the temperature of 400-;
step three: adding dried aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy and aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy into the solution, and stirring for 1 time and 4-5 times every 15 minutes after melting to ensure that the components are uniform;
step four: adding a smelting agent to remove impurities, standing at 735-750 ℃ for 25-35 minutes, fishing dross on the surface of the melt after the standing is finished, cooling, casting a rare earth aluminum alloy block in an iron mold, and obtaining the aluminum alloy bar through machining, homogenizing and hot extrusion.
7. The method for preparing the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth content and high performance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the purity of the aluminum and the magnesium is more than 99.9 percent, and the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Er and Al-Zr is more than 99.5 percent.
8. The method for preparing the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth content and high performance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature of the oven in the first step is 120-150 ℃.
9. The method for preparing the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth content and high performance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and cooling the aluminum alloy melt in the fourth step to 680-715 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the rare earth aluminum alloy with low rare earth content and high performance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the iron mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ during casting.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN111058044A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-24 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Cast aluminum alloy sacrificial anode with long service life |
| CN112391561A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-23 | 上海理工大学 | High-strength high-conductivity aluminum-based conductor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114540676A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Rare earth aluminum alloy with corrosion resistance and processing method |
| CN114657427A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-strength fatigue-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114672708A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-28 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-strength heat-deformation-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114686735A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-07-01 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Wrought aluminum alloy with gradient structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114774724A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-22 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-strength deformation rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115323229A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-11 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Long-period structure phase reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn-Er-Zr aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115595481A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-13 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司（Cn） | Novel high-performance extruded rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111058044A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-24 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Cast aluminum alloy sacrificial anode with long service life |
| CN112391561A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-23 | 上海理工大学 | High-strength high-conductivity aluminum-based conductor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114540676A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Rare earth aluminum alloy with corrosion resistance and processing method |
| CN114672708A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-28 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-strength heat-deformation-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114686735A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-07-01 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Wrought aluminum alloy with gradient structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114657427A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-strength fatigue-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114774724A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-22 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-strength deformation rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115323229A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-11 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Long-period structure phase reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn-Er-Zr aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115595481A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-13 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司（Cn） | Novel high-performance extruded rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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