CN113444071A - 一种细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器及其制备方法和用途,以实现在溶液中和细胞中有效产生单线态氧和细胞膜双光子荧光成像,具有选择性专一、单线态氧产生高效、生物相容性良好的优点。
背景技术
细胞膜是细胞的保护边界,是维持细胞完整的关键,在调节物质交换和维持细胞内稳态方面起着重要作用。细胞膜的破坏会导致快速去极化,从而造成细胞内容物的泄漏和细胞死亡。细胞膜的异常通常是判断细胞状态和一些相关疾病的参考指标。因此,对于细胞膜的监测就极为重要。利用荧光成像可以实时观察细胞膜的动态形态变化对细胞生理过程的探索有参考价值。
光动力治疗是一种对癌症、肿瘤等疾病进行治疗的新兴技术,它包含三个重要因素分别是:光、氧、光敏剂。光动力产生的活性氧会氧化亚细胞器以及细胞内的生物大分子等,导致细胞损伤,破坏细胞膜的完整性,从而诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡或者坏死。光动力产生的活性氧包括单线态氧、超氧阴离子自由基等,其中单线态氧是一种反应活性相当高的亲电瞬态中间体,能高效地氧化生物大分子,造成生物体的损伤。因此,能够高效产生单线态氧是光动力治疗的关键也是当下研究热点。
近年来,荧光成像的方法已经被广泛应用于监测生物过程,有机小分子作为单线态氧发生器已有报道,但能够实现细胞膜特异性成像的报道还非常少。因此开发兼具单线态氧发生器功能,同时能够实时监测细胞膜在不同环境或条件下形态变化的细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器是非常迫切和重要的。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器及其制备方法和用途,所要解决的技术问题是通过分子设计得到一种可以特异性靶向细胞膜的荧光分子结构,以实现细胞膜的双光子荧光成像,并且作为单线态氧发生器具有光动力治疗的潜能,以及具有选择性专一、单线态氧产生高效光稳定性好的优点,HeLa细胞的细胞暗毒性测试表明本发明单线态氧发生器的细胞相容性良好。
本发明细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器,简记为CMC,是以咔唑为母体,其结构式如下:
本发明细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将3-碘咔唑(4g,13.65mmol)和研磨后的氢氧化钾(6.1g,108mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(15mL)中,45℃活化半小时再加入溴丁烷(2.3g,16.78mmol)继续反应12小时;反应结束后,柱色谱法提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=60:1,作为洗脱液),得到白色固体中间体1,4.24g,产率89%。
步骤2:在冰水浴条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入磁子和DMF(10mL),POCl3(3.1g,20mmol),保持冰水浴搅拌半小时,撤冰,室温下继续反应1小时,中间体1(3.5g,10mmol)溶解在DCM(20mL)中然后缓慢加入体系中(一秒一滴),105℃回流过夜;反应结束后,柱色谱法提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1,作为洗脱液)得淡黄色固体中间体2,1.78g,产率47%。
步骤3:向反应器中加入中间体2(1.5g,4mmol),二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(0.1675g,0.24mmol),4-氟苯乙炔(0.58g,4.75mmol),碘化亚铜(0.076g,0.4mmol),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(40mL),三乙胺(7mL),氮气保护,35℃下搅拌反应48小时;反应结束后,柱色谱法提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1,作为洗脱液)得淡黄色固体中间体3,1.12g,产率76%。
步骤4:向反应器中加入4-甲基吡啶(367mg,3.94mmol)、3-溴-N,N,N-三甲基丙烷-1-溴化铵(1.0g,3.83mmol)和N,N二甲基甲酰胺(4mL),在100℃下搅拌2小时;反应结束后滤出沉淀物并用二氯甲烷洗涤,得到白色固体中间体X,1.11g,产率82%。
步骤5:向反应器中加入中间体3(1.00g,2.7mmol)、中间体X(0.92g,2.6mmol),无水乙醇(4mL)作溶剂,再滴加2滴哌啶,90℃回流反应16小时;反应结束后用丙酮洗涤,过滤得到紫黑色固体目标产物CMC,0.323g,产率17%。
本发明细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器CMC的合成过程如下:
本发明细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器的用途,是用于制备单线态氧发生器和细胞膜靶向试剂。检测方法如下:
将本发明CMC溶于DMSO中制得2mM的母液,各取15μL母液于3mL不同测试液的PBS溶剂中,获得15μM CMC在不同测试液中的荧光或紫外谱图。采用9,10-蒽二基-双(亚甲基)二丙二酸(ABDA)作为CMC在溶剂中产生单线态氧能力的指示剂。不同于空白样的无明显信号变化。随着光照时间的延长,ABDA的吸光度逐渐降低,表明ABDA被1O2降解,表明光照射CMC时可有效产生1O2。使用SOSG(一种商品化1O2的荧光探针,它对其它的活性氧如过氧化物、羟基自由基等不敏感)来验证CMC照射后产生单线态氧。在SOSG和CMC存在的情况下,氧化的SOSG在525nm处的特征峰强度随着光照时间的延长出现增加并在12分钟达到饱和。在相同条件下,SOSG单独溶液的荧光强度变化不大,表明光照射CMC时可有效产生1O2。以上结果为表明CMC在溶液可有效产生1O2,可以作为单线态氧发生器。使用细胞膜的商业染料(DIO)与CMC在HeLa细胞中进行共定位研究。结果表明CMC与DIO的荧光图像重叠良好,并且CMC与DIO的Pearson共定位系数计算为0.91。以上结果表明,CMC可以很好地定位于活细胞的细胞膜。探究CMC在细胞中产生单线态氧的能力,对含有SOSG(单线态探针)的样品进行了光照射。与对照组相比,氧化态SOSG的绿光发射只有在CMC存在的情况下才能被光照射开启。以上结果表明,在细胞内CMC在光照射可以产生单线态氧。
本发明细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器,在溶液中和细胞中都可有效产生单线态氧。具有良好的双光子吸收性质,细胞暗毒性测试表明CMC的细胞相溶性良好,双光子共聚焦荧光显微成像实验表明CMC可以有效定位细胞膜(定位系数为0.91),适用于细胞膜双光子荧光成像。
附图说明
图1是CMC(10μM)光照后产生活性氧(ROS)的能力。(a)CMC(10μM)和H2DCFDA(5μM),(b)H2DCFDA(5μM),(c)CMC(10μM),(d)光照时间对含CMC、H2DCFDA或两者的溶液在525nm处的荧光强度。
图2是10μMCMC光照后产生单线态氧(1O2)的能力。(a)ABDA(50μM),(b)CMC(10μM)和ABDA(50μM)。
图3是10μMCMC光照后产生单线态氧(1O2)的能力。(a)CMC(10μM)和SOSG(5μM),(b)SOSG(5μM)。
图4是0.1mMCMC在四氢呋喃混合溶剂中的有效双光子吸收截面图。
图5是在不同浓度(0μM、10μM、20μM、30μM)的CMC的作用下的HeLa细胞存活率图。
图6是10μMCMC和1μM商用细胞膜探针(DIO)同时共染HeLa细胞的细胞膜共聚焦荧光成像图。探究CMC的细胞膜靶向能力。
图7是10μMCMC的共聚焦荧光成像图,探究CMC的光学稳定性。
图8是10μMCMC和2.5μM SOSG共聚焦荧光成像图,探究CMC在细胞中产生单线态氧的能力。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:CMC的合成
化合物3(1g,2.7mmol),化合物X(0.92g,2.6mmol),无水乙醇(4mL)作溶剂,再滴加2滴哌啶,90℃回流反应16小时;反应结束后用丙酮洗,过滤得到0.323g目标化合物CMC(紫黑色固体,产率17%)。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d,ppm)δ8.96(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),8.28(t,J=11.2Hz,3H),8.07(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.65(dd,J=8.7,5.5Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=16.1Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.59(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.48(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.44–3.41(m,2H),3.11(s,9H),2.47–2.44(m,2H),1.81–1.77(m,2H),1.35–1.31(m,2H),0.90(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).13CNMR(151MHz,DMSO-d,ppm)δ163.13(s),161.49(s),154.24(s),144.71(s),144.47(s),143.14(s),142.42(s),140.91(s),133.96(d,J=8.4Hz),130.14(s),128.85(d,J=12.4Hz),127.55(s),127.43(d,J=26.0Hz),124.43(s),123.76(s),122.73(d,J=4.5Hz),122.01(s),120.97(s),119.81(s),116.69(s),116.54(d,J=22.1Hz),113.49(s),111.01(s),90.81(s),87.29(s),62.28(s),57.32(s),56.87(s),52.97(s),31.23(s),24.62(s),20.21(s),14.21(s).
实施例2:CMC在溶剂中产生活性氧(ROS)的能力
为了探究CMC在溶剂中产生ROS,使用了一种商品化的ROS荧光探针H2DCFDA来检测。在图1中可清晰看到,在H2DCFDA和CMC存在的情况下,氧化的H2DCFDA于525nm处的特征峰强度随光照时间增加出现增强。在相同条件下,CMC单独溶液的荧光强度变化不大,H2DCFDA单独溶液的荧光强度略微增强但与之相比可忽略。以上结果表明光照射CMC时可有效产生ROS,而ROS会导致细胞损伤和死亡。
实施例3:CMC在溶剂中产生单线态氧(1O2)的能力
为了探究CMC在溶剂中产生单线态氧的能力,采用9,10-蒽二基-双(亚甲基)二丙二酸(ABDA)作为指示剂。从图3中可以看出,采用ABDA作为指示剂,不同于空白样的无明显信号变化。随着光照时间的延长,ABDA的吸光度逐渐降低,表明ABDA被1O2降解。以上结果表明光照射CMC时可有效产生1O2。
使用单线态氧探针(SOSG)来验证CMC照射后产生单线态氧(图4)。SOSG是一种商品化检测1O2的荧光探针,它对其它的活性氧如过氧化物、羟基自由基等不敏感。两组含SOSG、CMC或SOSG的PBS溶液在相同条件下照射。由图4可知,在SOSG和CMC存在的情况下,氧化的SOSG在525nm处的特征峰强度随着光照时间的延长出现增加并在12分钟达到饱和。在相同条件下,SOSG单独溶液的荧光强度变化不大,以上结果表明光照射CMC时可有效产生1O2。
1O2作为活性氧的一种,被普遍认为是光动力治疗中的关键因素,在细胞中大量存在时会破坏生物体和生物组织导致细胞损伤和凋亡。以上实验结果为表明CMC在溶液可有效产生1O2,可以作为单线态氧发生器,有希望用于光动力治疗。
实施例4:细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器CMC的双光子性能测试
CMC在四氢呋喃溶剂中,有效双光子吸收截面在760nm出现最大,为51GM(图4)。证明CMC有能力用于细胞内极性的双光子共聚焦荧光成像。
实施例5:细胞暗毒性测试
我们用MTT(5-二甲基噻唑-2-基-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物)方法进行了细胞暗毒性实验。CMC在活HeLa细胞中加入各种浓度(0μM,10.0μM,20.0μM,30.0μM),在黑暗中孵育24小时后测试,结果如图5所示,以上显示CMC的生物毒性较低,可以进行生物应用。
实施例6:细胞定位测试
为了研究CMC的细胞膜定位性能,这里使用细胞膜的商业染料(DIO)与CMC在HeLa细胞中进行共定位研究。结果表明CMC的蓝色通道(λem=420-460nm,λex=760nm)和DIO(λem=500-540nm,λex=488nm)的荧光图像重叠良好,并且CMC与DIO的Pearson共定位系数计算为0.91(图6)。这些结果表明,CMC可以很好地定位于活细胞的细胞膜中。
实施例7:CMC在细胞膜上的稳定性实验
CMC在细胞中的光稳定性,这是非常重要的,因为在监测细胞的生理过程如细胞凋亡时,往往需要长时间监测。如图7,在HeLa细胞中的光稳定性实验中(避光条件下进行),在60min内,CMC通道Ⅰ和通道Ⅱ的蓝色荧光和深绿色荧光亮度略有下降(ChannelI:λem=440±20nm.Channel II:λem=560±20nm;λex=760nm),这可能是由于CMC的扩散和细胞的移动。总而言之未观察到明显的信号丢失。这表示CMC的光稳定性良好可以进一步长时间的生物测试
实施例8:CMC在细胞中产生单线态氧的能力
为了探究CMC在细胞中产生单线态氧的能力,对含有SOSG(单线态探针)的样品进行了光照射(图8)。与对照组相比,氧化态SOSG的绿光发射只有在CMC存在的情况下才能被光照射开启。结果表明,在细胞内CMC在光照射可以产生单线态氧。而细胞内大量的活性氧包括单线态氧则会导致细胞损伤和死亡,这将有希望用于原位监测细胞凋亡和实时监测光动力治疗。
Claims (7)
2.一种权利要求1所述的细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将3-碘咔唑和研磨后的氢氧化钾溶解在四氢呋喃中,45℃活化半小时再加入溴丁烷继续反应;反应结束后,柱色谱法提纯,得到白色固体中间体1;
步骤2:冰水浴条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入磁子、DMF以及POCl3,保持冰水浴搅拌半小时,撤冰,室温下继续反应1小时,将中间体1溶解在DCM中然后缓慢加入体系中,105℃回流反应;反应结束后,柱色谱法提纯,得到淡黄色固体中间体2;
步骤3:将中间体2、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯、4-氟苯乙炔、碘化亚铜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和三乙胺加入反应器中,氮气保护,35℃下搅拌反应48小时;反应结束后,柱色谱法提纯,得到淡黄色固体中间体3;
步骤4:向反应器中加入4-甲基吡啶、3-溴-N,N,N-三甲基丙烷-1-溴化铵和N-N二甲基甲酰胺,100℃下搅拌反应;反应结束后滤出沉淀物并用二氯甲烷洗涤,得到白色固体中间体X;
步骤5:向反应器中加入中间体3和中间体X,以无水乙醇作为溶剂,再滴加哌啶,90℃回流反应;反应结束后用丙酮洗涤,过滤得到紫黑色固体目标产物CMC。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤1中,柱色谱法提纯时的洗脱液为石油醚:二氯甲烷=60:1,v/v。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤2中,柱色谱法提纯时的洗脱液为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1,v/v。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3中,柱色谱法提纯时的洗脱液为石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1,v/v。
6.一种权利要求1所述的细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器的用途,其特征在于:
用于制备单线态氧发生器和细胞膜靶向试剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述细胞膜靶向的单线态氧发生器在光照条件下可产生单线态氧,并且能够有效定位细胞中的细胞膜,定位系数为0.91。
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