CN113439498B - Method for stripping plough layer in karst rocky mountain area - Google Patents
Method for stripping plough layer in karst rocky mountain area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113439498B CN113439498B CN202110673167.4A CN202110673167A CN113439498B CN 113439498 B CN113439498 B CN 113439498B CN 202110673167 A CN202110673167 A CN 202110673167A CN 113439498 B CN113439498 B CN 113439498B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for stripping a plough layer in a karst rocky mountain area, which comprises the following steps: collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; after information acquisition is carried out on the cultivated land, dividing the cultivated land into a stripped cultivated land and a non-stripped cultivated land; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same slope into small groups, setting a temporary soil storage point for each small group, and enabling the sum of the transportation distances from each farmland to the temporary soil storage point in each small group to be minimum; stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land; transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the soil temporary storage point comprises a rain shelter and a storage platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil stripping, in particular to a method for stripping a plough layer in karst rocky mountain areas.
Background
The plough layer is a soil surface layer formed by long-term cultivation, the nutrient content is rich, the root system of crops is the most dense, the soil is in a granular, granular or block structure and contains a large amount of rich organic matters required by the growth of various crops, and the growth of the planted crops is influenced once the soil of the plough layer is damaged and lost. Therefore, the stripping and recycling of the soil of the plough layer is an important work in the fields of farmland protection, land management and agricultural development in China in recent years.
When the cultivated land in the northwest area of the Guizhou province is stripped and reused, the cultivated land is scattered in the valley between hills due to the special landform of the northwest area of the Guizhou province, particularly in the karst rocky mountain area, the land mass of the cultivated land is small, the slope is large, the precipitation amount is large, the cultivated land is difficult to develop, and the land resource waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for stripping a plough layer in a karst rocky mountain area.
The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; dividing the farmland into a stripped farmland and a non-stripped farmland after information acquisition of the farmland; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same hillside into small groups, and setting a soil temporary storage point for each small group; the position of the temporary soil storage point is positioned on a transportation road, and the sum of the transportation distances from each cultivated land in the group to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;
2) Stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land;
3) Transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the temporary soil storage point comprises a rain shelter and a storage platform; the storage platform comprises a support frame and a partition plate, and the method for storing the soil in the storage platform comprises the following steps: set up the support frame in rainshelter, from the up installation baffle in the below of support frame, with soil tiling on the baffle, the baffle of below has certain height apart from ground.
The invention further discloses a method for collecting farmland information, which comprises the following steps: each cultivated land has at least 3 sampling points, one sampling point is positioned at the center of the cultivated land, and the rest sampling points are uniformly distributed in the cultivated land;
when the area of the farmland is not more than 10 square meters, setting 3 sampling points on the farmland;
when the area of the farmland is more than 10 square meters, the number of sampling points set on the farmland is according to a formula
And (3) calculating:
wherein n is the number of sampling points,
in order to obtain the function of the integer,
the cultivated area is the square meter;
under the condition that the number of sampling points in the farmland is not more than 5, and when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 60%, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 60 percent and not less than 30 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 20cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; when the qualified rate of the sampling point is less than 30%, the cultivated land is regarded as a non-stripping cultivated land;
under the condition that the number of sampling points in the farmland is more than 5, and when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 80%, the farmland is regarded as stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 80 percent and not less than 20 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 50cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; and when the yield of the sampling point is less than 20%, determining the farmland to be non-stripped.
In further explanation of the invention, the drainage system I comprises a drainage ditch which is built from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope,
is in a net shape.
The invention further describes that when the soil is flatly laid on the partition plate, the soil needs to be tamped, the height of the soil is not more than 25cm, and the distance from the partition plate to the top surface of the soil is 5-10 cm; the distance between the lowest clapboard and the ground is a certain height, which means that the distance between the clapboard and the ground is 10-20 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention determines the number of the tilled fields of the strippable plough layers by arranging and grouping the information of the tilled fields needing to be stripped from the plough layers, and sets the temporary soil storage points by taking a group as a unit, thereby facilitating later-stage management and simultaneously avoiding the problems of soil loss and environmental pollution caused by less soil of a single soil pile.
When the plough layer is stripped, the stripping route transversely advances along the cultivated land on the slope and then advances from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and the stripping route utilizes the plane formed by the terrace-shaped cultivated land on the slope to strip the plough layer, thereby solving the problems of large gradient and difficult development of the plough layer; meanwhile, soil blocks falling to the slope bottom when the high position of the slope surface is peeled can be collected together when the plough layer of the slope bottom is peeled, waste of soil resources is reduced, earthwork backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled plough layer, a drainage system is built in the cultivated land, and water and soil loss caused by loss of surface soil of the cultivated land with the peeled plough layer is avoided.
The karst rocky mountain area has abundant rainfall and large single rainfall in rainy season, and a rain shelter and a storage platform are arranged at the temporary soil storage point, so that the soil can be prevented from being washed by rainwater when being stored at the temporary soil storage point, and the soil loss is caused; meanwhile, the soil is flatly paved on the storage platform for layered storage, so that oxygen supply of the soil is guaranteed, and deterioration of the soil is prevented.
2. The method for collecting the farmland information adopts a sampling method that the number of sampling points is in direct proportion to the farmland area, so that the reliability of a sampling result is improved; meanwhile, the sampling method adopts a simple random sampling mode, and is simple, convenient and easy to operate and strong in operability.
3. The drainage system adopts the built net-shaped drainage ditch as the drainage system, can quickly drain the runoff flowing into the cultivated land from all directions out of the cultivated land, can reduce the flow velocity of the runoff passing through the cultivated land, and improves the water and soil loss resistance of the cultivated land.
4. The height of the soil is not more than 25cm, and the distance from the partition plate to the top surface of the soil is 5-10 cm, so that the soil collapse can be prevented, and the oxygen supply of the soil can be ensured; the baffle plate at the lowest part has a certain height from the ground, so that the rainfall can be prevented from scouring the soil, and the protection effect is realized.
Detailed Description
The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; dividing the farmland into a stripped farmland and a non-stripped farmland after information acquisition of the farmland; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same hillside into small groups, and setting a soil temporary storage point for each small group; the position of the temporary soil storage point is positioned on a transportation road, and the sum of the transportation distances from each cultivated land in the group to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;
2) Stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land;
3) Transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the temporary soil storage point comprises a rain shelter, a storage platform and a drainage system; the storage platform comprises a support frame and a partition plate, and the method for storing the soil in the storage platform comprises the following steps: set up the support frame in rainshelter, from the up installation baffle in the below of support frame, with soil tiling on the baffle, the baffle of below has certain height apart from ground.
Example 1:
carrying out information acquisition and grouping on 6 cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping;
information acquisition is carried out on cultivated land; wherein the area of arable land (1) - (6) is, in order, 40 square meters, 8 square meters, 160 square meters, 212 square meters, 71 square meters, 132 square meters; the cultivated land (2) has the area of 8 square meters, less than 10 square meters and 3 sampling points; cultivated land (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) is expressed by the formula
Calculating to obtain 4, 6, 7, 5 and 6 sampling points in sequence; respectively set up a sampling point in the center of every arable land, the even distribution of other sampling point positions is in the arable land to detect the sampling point, the result is as follows: the qualified quantity of sampling points of the farmland (1) is 3, the qualified rate is 75 percent, and the farmland is regarded as a stripped farmland; cultivated land (2) harvestingThe qualified quantity of the sampling points is 0, the qualified rate is 0 percent, and the sampling points are regarded as non-stripped cultivated land; the qualified quantity of the farmland sampling points is 4, the qualification rate is 67%, and unqualified sampling points need to be retested; the qualified quantity of sampling points of the farmland (4) is 6, the qualified rate is 86 percent, and the farmland is regarded as a stripped farmland; the qualified quantity of sampling points of the farmland (5) is 4, the qualified rate is 80 percent, and the farmland is regarded as a stripped farmland; the qualified quantity of sampling points of the cultivated land (6) is 3, the qualification rate is 50 percent, and unqualified sampling points need to be retested;
taking unqualified sampling points of the cultivated land (3) and the cultivated land (6) for retesting, drawing a circle with the radius of 20cm by taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, and randomly taking 2 retesting points in the circle; the retest result of the cultivated land (3) is as follows: one sampling point is qualified in retesting, and one sampling point is unqualified in retesting, namely the qualified quantity of the final sampling points of the cultivated land (3) is 5, the qualification rate is 83 percent, and the cultivated land is regarded as a stripped cultivated land;
the retest result of the cultivated land (6) is as follows: one sampling point is qualified in retesting, and two sampling points are unqualified in retesting, namely the qualified quantity of the final sampling points of the cultivated land (6) is 4, the qualification rate is 67 percent, and the cultivated land is regarded as a non-stripped cultivated land;
the final result of information acquisition on the cultivated land is as follows: the cultivated lands (1), (3), (4) and (5) are cultivated lands to be stripped, and the cultivated lands (2) and (6) are non-stripped cultivated lands;
grouping the stripped cultivated lands; the arable land (1), (3) are distributed on the hillside I, and the arable land (1), (3) are set into a group I; a temporary soil storage point I is arranged in the group I, so that the sum of the transport distances from the cultivated lands (1) and (3) to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;
grouping the stripped cultivated lands; the cultivated lands (4) and (5) are distributed on the hillside II, and the cultivated lands (4) and (5) are set to be the group II; a temporary soil storage point II is arranged in the group II, so that the sum of the transport distances from the cultivated lands (4) and (5) to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;
stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a reticular drainage ditch is built in the cultivated land;
transport soil to soil temporary storage point, build the rainshelter at soil temporary storage point to set up the support frame in the rainshelter, from the below up installation baffle of support frame, the interval between two baffles is 10cm, with soil tiling on the baffle, tamp soil, highly be 25cm, the baffle of below is apart from ground 20cm.
Example 2:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the supporting frame is provided with the partition boards from the lower part to the upper part of the supporting frame, the distance between the two partition boards is 8cm, and the distance between the lowest partition board and the ground is 15cm.
The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Example 3:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 2 in that: the support frame is provided with the partition plates from the lower part of the support frame to the upper part, the distance between the two partition plates is 5cm, and the distance between the lowest partition plate and the ground is 10cm.
The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for stripping a plough layer in a karst rocky mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; after information acquisition is carried out on the cultivated land, dividing the cultivated land into a stripped cultivated land and a non-stripped cultivated land; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same hillside into small groups, and setting a soil temporary storage point for each small group; the position of the temporary soil storage point is positioned on a transportation road, and the sum of the transportation distances from each cultivated land in the group to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;
2) Stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land;
3) Transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the temporary soil storage point comprises a rain shelter and a storage platform; the storage platform comprises a support frame and a partition plate, and the method for storing the soil in the storage platform comprises the following steps: arranging a support frame in the rain shelter, installing a partition plate from the lower part of the support frame to the upper part, and flatly paving soil on the partition plate, wherein the lowest partition plate has a certain height from the ground;
the method for collecting the farmland information comprises the following steps: each arable land has at least 3 sampling points, one sampling point is positioned in the center of the arable land, and the rest sampling points are uniformly distributed in the arable land;
when the area of the farmland is not more than 10 square meters, setting 3 sampling points on the farmland;
when the area of the farmland is more than 10 square meters, the number of the sampling points arranged on the farmland is according to a formula
And (3) calculating:
wherein n is the number of sampling points,
in order to obtain the function of the integer,
the method is characterized in that the cultivated area is a square meter;
under the condition that the number of sampling points of the farmland is not more than 5, when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 60 percent, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 60 percent and not less than 30 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 20cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; when the qualified rate of the sampling point is less than 30%, the cultivated land is regarded as a non-stripping cultivated land;
under the condition that the number of sampling points of the farmland is more than 5, when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 80%, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 80 percent and not less than 20 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 50cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; and when the yield of the sampling point is less than 20%, the farmland is regarded as the non-stripping farmland.
2. The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area according to claim 1, wherein: the drainage system comprises a drainage ditch, wherein the drainage ditch is built from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope and is in a net shape.
3. The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area according to claim 1, wherein: when the soil is paved on the partition plate, the soil needs to be tamped, the height of the soil is not more than 25cm, and the distance from the partition plate to the top surface of the soil is 5-10 cm; the distance between the lowest clapboard and the ground is 10-20 cm.
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| CN102301847A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-01-04 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Construction method for land arrangement of rolling ground by topsoil stripping and backfilling |
| CN105009725B (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2017-06-23 | 西南大学 | Topsoil is peeled off and reuse method |
| CN105419812B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-11-27 | 天津吉天环境科技发展有限公司 | Application of soil raising agent in saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN105474824B (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-09-22 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of stripping of topsoil and storage method |
| US11343956B2 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2022-05-31 | Cnh Industrial Canada, Ltd. | System and method for monitoring soil conditions within a field |
| CN110915347A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-27 | 重庆市永川区水电建筑有限责任公司 | Construction method for soil finishing, surface soil stripping and backfilling |
| CN112362379B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-07-07 | 云南省生态环境科学研究院 | Soil sampling method for detecting soil pollution of tea garden in flat land |
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| DE102015111518A1 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-19 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Soil cultivation device and method for creating a soil map with such a harrow |
| CN110000206A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-12 | 北京淖尔科技有限公司 | A kind of heavy metal pollution place fast hierarchical renovation technique and prosthetic device |
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