CN113437858A - Intelligent power module driving circuit, intelligent power module and household appliance - Google Patents

Intelligent power module driving circuit, intelligent power module and household appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113437858A
CN113437858A CN202110788494.4A CN202110788494A CN113437858A CN 113437858 A CN113437858 A CN 113437858A CN 202110788494 A CN202110788494 A CN 202110788494A CN 113437858 A CN113437858 A CN 113437858A
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China
Prior art keywords
switching device
voltage
driving
bridge arm
arm switching
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CN202110788494.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李修贤
贺小林
杨湘木
刘文斌
汪俊勇
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Gree Green Refrigeration Technology Center Co Ltd of Zhuhai
Zhuhai Gree Energy Saving Environmental Protection Refrigeration Technology Research Center Co Ltd
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Gree Green Refrigeration Technology Center Co Ltd of Zhuhai
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Priority to CN202110788494.4A priority Critical patent/CN113437858A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current

Abstract

The application relates to an intelligent power module driving circuit, an intelligent power module and household appliances. And when the negative voltage caused by the parasitic inductance of the bridge arm or the voltage caused by the miller effect is too high, the first voltage stabilizing device or the second voltage stabilizing device is used for clamping, so that the voltage transmitted to the first bridge arm switching device or the second bridge arm switching device is not enough to drive the first bridge arm switching device or the second bridge arm switching device to be conducted, the phenomenon of mistaken conduction caused by the parasitic inductance and the miller effect can be effectively avoided, the direct connection of the inverter bridge arm and the explosion of the intelligent power module are avoided, and the working reliability of the intelligent power module is improved.

Description

Intelligent power module driving circuit, intelligent power module and household appliance
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular, to an intelligent power module driving circuit, an intelligent power module, and a home appliance.
Background
An Intelligent Power Module (IPM) is an advanced Power switch device, in which logic, control, detection and protection circuits are integrated, so that the Intelligent Power Module is convenient to use, not only reduces the volume and development time of a system, but also greatly enhances the reliability of the system, is suitable for the development directions of Power device modularization, compounding and Power integration, and is widely applied to Power electronic devices represented by frequency converters and various Power supplies.
The switching device inside the intelligent power module is usually an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and when a high-performance IGBT driving circuit is used for operation, switching delay can be reduced, switching loss can be reduced, so that good turn-on and turn-off performance can be obtained, and a key effect is achieved on reliable operation of the frequency converter. When the IGBT is switched on and switched off, voltage spikes and oscillation are caused due to the parasitic inductance of a bridge arm of the inverter bridge under a high current change rate, and a secondary switching-on phenomenon caused by the Miller effect can cause that the IGBT is switched on by mistake, the inverter bridge arm is directly connected, and the intelligent power module is exploded. Therefore, the conventional smart power module has a disadvantage of poor operational reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an intelligent power module driving circuit, an intelligent power module, and a home appliance, in order to solve the problem of poor operational reliability of a conventional intelligent power module.
A smart power module driver circuit comprising: a first driving device, a first voltage-stabilizing device, a first switching device, a first bridge arm switching device, a second driving device, a second voltage-stabilizing device, a second switching device and a second bridge arm switching device, the first end of the first driving device and the first end of the second driving device are respectively connected with a power supply, the second end of the first driving device is connected with the first end of the first voltage stabilizing device and the control end of the first bridge arm switching device, a second end of the first voltage-stabilizing device is connected with a first end of the first switching device, a second end of the first switching device is connected with a third end of the first driving device and a first end of the first bridge arm switching device, the control end of the first switching device is used for connecting an external controller, the second end of the first bridge arm switching device is used for connecting an external power supply, the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilizing device is smaller than the driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device; the second end of the second driving device is connected with the first end of the second voltage stabilizing device and the control end of the second bridge arm switching device, the second end of the second voltage stabilizing device is connected with the first end of the second switching device, the third end of the second driving device is connected with the second end of the second switching device, the control end of the second switching device is used for being connected with an external controller, the second end of the second switching device is grounded, the third end of the second driving device is used for being connected with an external power supply, the first end of the second bridge arm switching device is connected with the first end of the first bridge arm switching device, the second end of the second bridge arm switching device is connected with the second end of the second switching device, and the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage stabilizing device is smaller than the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device.
In one embodiment, the first driving apparatus includes a first driving chip, a bootstrap circuit, and a third voltage stabilization device, a power supply pin of the first driving chip is connected to a first end of the bootstrap circuit and a first end of the third voltage stabilization device, and a common end is connected to a power supply, an output pin of the first driving chip is connected to the first end of the first voltage stabilization device, a ground pin of the first driving chip is connected to a second end of the bootstrap circuit and a second end of the third voltage stabilization device, and the common end is connected to a second end of the second switching device.
In one embodiment, the first driving device further includes a current-limiting resistor and a diode, a first end of the current-limiting resistor is connected to the power supply, a second end of the current-limiting resistor is connected to an anode of the diode, and a cathode of the diode is connected to a first end of the bootstrap circuit and a first end of the third voltage regulator.
In one embodiment, the bootstrap circuit is a bootstrap capacitor.
In one embodiment, the first voltage regulation device, the second voltage regulation device and the third voltage regulation device are all zener diodes, or the voltage regulation devices, the second voltage regulation device and the third voltage regulation device are all transient voltage suppressors.
In one embodiment, the second driving apparatus includes a second driving chip, a power supply pin of the second driving chip is connected to a power supply, an output pin of the second driving chip is connected to the first end of the second voltage regulator device, and a ground pin of the second driving chip is used for connecting an external power supply and the second end of the second switching device.
In one embodiment, the intelligent power module driving circuit further includes a first driving resistor and a second driving resistor, the second end of the first driving device is connected to the first end of the first voltage regulator and the control end of the first bridge arm switch device through the first driving resistor, and the second end of the second driving device is connected to the first end of the second voltage regulator and the control end of the second bridge arm switch device through the second driving resistor.
In one embodiment, the first bridge arm switching device comprises a third switching device and a first freewheeling diode, a control end of the third switching device is connected with the second end of the first driving device, a first end of the third switching device is connected with an anode of the first freewheeling diode and a second end of the first switching device, and a second end of the third switching device is connected with a cathode of the first freewheeling diode and an external power supply; and/or the second bridge arm switching device comprises a fourth switching device and a second freewheeling diode, a control end of the fourth switching device is connected with the second end of the second driving device, a first end of the fourth switching device is connected with a cathode of the second freewheeling diode and a first end of the first bridge arm switching device, and a second end of the fourth switching device is connected with an anode of the second freewheeling diode and a second end of the second switching device.
In one embodiment, the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device and the fourth switching device are all insulated gate bipolar transistors, or the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device and the fourth switching device are all metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.
An intelligent power module comprises the intelligent power module driving circuit.
A household appliance comprises the intelligent power module.
In one embodiment, the household appliance is an air conditioner.
The intelligent power module driving circuit, the intelligent power module and the household appliance drive the first bridge arm switching device and the second bridge arm switching device to be alternately conducted through the first driving device and the second driving device respectively in the operation process, so that the switching control function is realized. When the first bridge arm switching device is disconnected and the second bridge arm switching device is connected, the on-off of the first switching element is controlled, so that negative voltage generated by bridge arm parasitic inductances of the first bridge arm switching device and the second bridge arm switching device or voltage generated by the Miller effect is applied to the first voltage stabilizing element. And when the negative voltage or the voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilizing device, the voltage transmitted to the first bridge arm switching device can be clamped to the size of the corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device, the first bridge arm switching device will not be misconducted due to the bridge arm parasitic inductance or the miller effect. When the second bridge arm switching device is switched off and the first bridge arm switching device is switched on, the on-off of the second switching element is controlled, so that the voltage generated by the Miller effect is applied to the second voltage stabilizing element. And when the voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage stabilizing device, the voltage transmitted to the second bridge arm switching device can be clamped to the size of the corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the second arm switching device, the second arm switching device will not be turned on erroneously due to the miller effect. By the scheme, the phenomenon of misconduction caused by parasitic inductance and the Miller effect can be effectively avoided, so that the inverter bridge arm is prevented from being directly connected, the intelligent power module is prevented from being exploded, and the working reliability of the intelligent power module is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the conventional technologies of the present application, the drawings used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the conventional technologies will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following descriptions are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an intelligent power module driver circuit;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating Miller capacitance of the smart power module driver circuit in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent power module driving circuit according to another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit of an intelligent power module according to yet another embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bridge arm parasitic inductance of the intelligent power module driver circuit in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the generation of negative voltage for the smart power module driver circuit in an embodiment;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating miller effect generated voltages of the smart power module driving circuit according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Referring to fig. 1, an intelligent power module driving circuit includes: first drive arrangement 10, first zener device 20, first switching device 30, first leg switching device 40, second drive arrangement 50, second zener device 60, second switching device 70 and second leg switching device 80, a first end of the first driving device 10 and a first end of the second driving device 50 are respectively connected to a power supply, a second end of the first driving device 10 is connected to a first end of the first voltage-stabilizing device 20 and a control end of the first bridge arm switching device 40, a second end of the first voltage-stabilizing device 20 is connected to a first end of the first switching device 30, a second end of the first switching device 30 is connected to a third end of the first driving device 10 and a first end of the first bridge arm switching device 40, the control end of the first switching device 30 is used for connecting an external controller (not shown), a second end of the first bridge arm switching device 40 is used for connecting an external power supply, and a rated voltage threshold of the first voltage-stabilizing device 20 is smaller than a driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device 40; a second end of the second driving device 50 is connected to a first end of the second voltage regulator 60 and a control end of the second bridge arm switching device 80, a second end of the second voltage regulator 60 is connected to a first end of the second switching device 70, a third end of the second driving device 50 is connected to a second end of the second switching device 70, the control end of the second switching device 70 is used for connecting an external controller (not shown), a second end of the second switching device 70 is grounded, a third end of the second driving device 50 is used for connecting an external power supply, a first end of the second bridge arm switching device 80 is connected to a first end of the first bridge arm switching device 40, a second end of the second bridge arm switching device 80 is connected to a second end of the second switching device 70, and a rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator 60 is smaller than a driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80.
Specifically, the first end of the first driving device 10 and the first end of the second driving device 50 are both connected to a power supply, and the on-off control of the first arm switch device 40 and the on-off control of the second arm switch device 80 can be finally realized by the power supply. Further, the first arm switching device 40 and the second arm switching device 80 are alternately turned on to perform a switching driving operation on an external device (i.e., a load such as an inverter), and a common terminal of the first arm switching device 40 and the first terminal of the second arm switching device 80 is used as an output terminal (U) of the entire circuit.
It should be noted that in the solution of an embodiment, the power source connected to the first end of the first driving device 10 and the first end of the second driving device 50 is a single-polarity power source. A unipolar power supply, i.e. a power supply of the type with only positive signals or only negative signals, is for example, in a more detailed embodiment a +15V voltage supply. In the embodiment, the driving operation of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 can be realized by using a unipolar power supply, and the circuit cost can be effectively reduced compared with a bipolar power supply.
It is understood that the type of the external power source connected to the first bridge arm switching device and the second bridge arm switching device 80 is not exclusive, and any external power source can be used as long as the external power source can be output to an external device when the first bridge arm switching device or the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, so as to realize the operation control of the external device. For example, in one embodiment, the external power source may be a bipolar power source, and accordingly, the second terminal of the first leg switch device 40 is connected to the positive signal terminal (P) of the bipolar power source, and the third terminal of the second driving device 50 is connected to the negative signal terminal (N) of the bipolar power source.
Since both the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 have the bridge arm parasitic inductance, when the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off, the current of the load is instantaneously switched to the freewheeling device of the second bridge arm switching device 80 to freewheel, and then the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on. Due to two parasitic inductances LS1And LS2Presence of (L)S3Is the equivalent parasitic inductance, L, of the first leg switching device 40S2Equivalent parasitic inductance of second leg switching device 80), a negative voltage will be generated in the circuit:
Figure BDA0003159904180000071
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003159904180000072
representing current in a smart power module driver circuitThe magnitude of the negative voltage is related to the switching frequency, parasitic inductance values and current rate of change. When the negative pressure is too large, the first driving device 10 may be damaged, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 may be turned on by mistake, so that the intelligent power module may be exploded.
The intelligent power module driving circuit shown in this embodiment is provided with the first switching device 30 and the first voltage stabilizing device 20, and after the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off, the first switching device 30 is controlled to be turned on before the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, and at this time, a negative voltage generated due to parasitic inductance is applied to the first voltage stabilizing device 20. When the generated negative voltage is higher than the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage regulator device 20, the first voltage regulator device 20 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold, and the first switching device 30 is turned off after the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned off and before the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned on. In this process, due to the clamping effect of the first voltage regulator device 20, the voltage of the control terminal of the first bridge arm switching device 40 is kept at the rated voltage threshold and is always lower than the driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device 40, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not turned on, that is, the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not turned on by mistake.
Since the intelligent power module itself has a parasitic capacitance, i.e., a miller capacitance, a miller platform is formed in the intelligent power module driving circuit, please refer to fig. 2 specifically. When the first switching device 30 is turned on, the second switching device 70 generates a momentary voltage change
Figure BDA0003159904180000081
At Miller capacitance Ccg2A current is formed which flows through the internal resistance R of the second drive means 50DRV2And then grounded. Thus, a voltage is induced at the gate of second leg switching device 80, and the miller capacitance induced current can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003159904180000082
after the current flows through the internal resistance of the second driving device 50, a voltage is generated at the second switching device 70, and when the generated voltage value changes from the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80, the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on by mistake, and the intelligent power module is destroyed.
In the scheme of this embodiment, the intelligent power module driving circuit is further provided with a second voltage regulator device 60 and a second switching device 70, and when the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned off and before the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned on, the second switching device 70 is controlled to be turned on. When the first bridge arm switch device 40 is turned on, the miller capacitance induces a current through the internal resistance R of the second driving device 50DRV2And then grounded. If the generated voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, the second voltage regulator device 60 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, and the second switching device 70 is controlled to be turned off before the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on and after the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off. In this process, since the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator 60 is selected to be smaller than the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80, that is, the clamp voltage transmitted to the control terminal of the second bridge arm switching device 80 is smaller than the driving voltage, the second bridge arm switching device 80 cannot be turned on, so that the problem of misconduction caused by the miller effect of the parasitic capacitance is solved.
Based on the same principle as described above, when second arm switching device 80 is turned on and first arm switching device 40 is turned off, miller capacitance C is set to be lower than the first valuege1An induced current is formed, flowing through the internal resistance R of the first driving device 10DRV1And then the bridge arm is grounded, and the generated voltage is too large at this time, so that the first bridge arm switching device 40 is conducted by mistake, and the intelligent power module is exploded. Due to the existence of the first switching device 30 and the first voltage stabilization device 20, based on the same principle, the voltage delivered to the first bridge arm switching device 40 is clamped to the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilization device 20, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not enough to be turned on, so that the phenomenon of false turn-on is avoided.
Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment, the first driving apparatus 10 includes a first driving chip 11, a bootstrap circuit C1, and a third voltage stabilization device DZ, a power pin of the first driving chip 11 is connected to a first end of the bootstrap circuit C1 and a first end of the third voltage stabilization device DZ, a common terminal is connected to a power supply, an output pin of the first driving chip 11 is connected to a first end of the first voltage stabilization device 20, a ground pin of the first driving chip 11 is connected to a second end of the bootstrap circuit C1 and a second end of the third voltage stabilization device DZ, and the common terminal is connected to a second end of the second switching device 70.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first driver chip 11 is used to perform driving control of the first arm switching device 40. Meanwhile, a bootstrap circuit C1 is provided between the first driver chip 11 and the first bridge arm switching device 40 to boost voltage, so that the problem of different voltage levels when the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 in the intelligent power module driver circuit work can be effectively solved. When the second switching device 70 is turned on, the power supply flows to charge the bootstrap circuit C1, and when the second switching device 70 is turned off, the bootstrap circuit C1 provides driving for the control terminal of the first bridge arm switching device 40. Furthermore, a third voltage regulator DZ is connected in parallel to both ends of the bootstrap circuit C1, and the voltage across the bootstrap circuit C1 is not too high due to the clamping action of the third voltage regulator DZ, so that the bootstrap circuit C1 is damaged due to overvoltage. Through the arrangement, the operation reliability of the intelligent power module driving circuit can be effectively improved.
Referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment, the first driving device 10 further includes a current limiting resistor Rlim and a diode Dbs, a first terminal of the current limiting resistor Rlim is connected to the power supply, a second terminal of the current limiting resistor Rlim is connected to an anode of the diode Dbs, and a cathode of the diode Dbs is connected to a first terminal of the bootstrap circuit C1 and a first terminal of the third voltage regulator DZ.
Specifically, in the scheme of this embodiment, a current-limiting resistor Rlim and a diode Dbs are further disposed between the power supply and the bootstrap circuit C1, and the current-limiting resistor Rlim can prevent an excessive current from flowing into the bootstrap circuit C1, so as to protect the bootstrap circuit C1. Due to the forward conduction characteristic of the diode Dbs, the current backflow phenomenon in the intelligent power module driving circuit can be prevented, and therefore the operation reliability of the intelligent power module driving circuit is further improved.
It should be noted that the specific type of bootstrap circuit C1 is not exclusive, as long as it can be charged by the power supply when second switching device 70 is turned on, and can provide the driving voltage for first leg switching device 40 when second switching device 70 is turned off. For example, in a more detailed embodiment, the bootstrap circuit C1 can be directly implemented by a bootstrap capacitor, that is, a bootstrap boost capacitor is used as the bootstrap circuit C1 to implement the above-mentioned charge and discharge functions.
In one embodiment, the first voltage regulation device 20, the second voltage regulation device 60, and the third voltage regulation device DZ are all voltage regulation diodes, or the voltage regulation device, the second voltage regulation device 60, and the third voltage regulation device DZ are all transient voltage suppressors.
Specifically, a zener diode is called a zener diode, and is a diode with a voltage stabilizing function, which is manufactured by using the phenomenon that the current of a PN junction is changed in a large range and the voltage is basically unchanged in a reverse breakdown state. When two poles of the TVS are impacted by reverse Transient high energy, the Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) can change the high impedance between the two poles into low impedance at the speed of 10 minus 12 th power second, absorb the surge power of thousands of watts, enable the Voltage clamp between the two poles to be positioned at a preset value (namely a rated Voltage threshold), and effectively protect precise components in an electronic circuit from being damaged by various surge pulses. In the scheme of this embodiment, the zener diodes are simultaneously used as the first voltage regulator device 20, the second voltage regulator device 60, and the third voltage regulator device DZ to implement the voltage clamping function, or the TVS is simultaneously used as the first voltage regulator device 20, the second voltage regulator device 60, and the third voltage regulator device DZ to implement the voltage clamping function, so as to avoid the mis-conduction of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80, and implement the protection of the bootstrap circuit C1. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first voltage stabilizing device 20, the second voltage stabilizing device 60, and the third voltage stabilizing device DZ may also be implemented by using other devices having a voltage stabilizing and clamping function, or the types of the first voltage stabilizing device 20, the second voltage stabilizing device 60, and the third voltage stabilizing device DZ are set differently.
Referring to fig. 3 or fig. 4, in an embodiment, the second driving apparatus 50 includes a second driving chip 51, a power pin of the second driving chip 51 is connected to a power supply, an output pin of the second driving chip 51 is connected to a first end of the second voltage regulator 60, and a ground pin of the second driving chip 51 is used for connecting an external power supply and a second end of the second switching device 70.
Specifically, the second driving device 50 is configured to perform driving control on the second bridge arm switching device 80, a power supply pin of the second driving chip 51 is used as a first end of the second driving device 50 and is connected to the power supply together with the first driving device 10, an output pin of the second driving chip 51 is used as a second end of the second driving device 50 and is connected to a first end of the second voltage regulator 60 and a control end of the second bridge arm switching device 80, so as to implement driving control on the second bridge arm switching device 80, and a ground pin of the second driving chip 51 is used as a third end (specifically connected to a negative signal end of the bipolar power supply) of the second driving device 50 and is connected to the power supply and the second end of the second switching device 70.
Further, referring to fig. 3 or fig. 4, in an embodiment, the smart power module driving circuit further includes a first driving resistor RG1 and a second driving resistor RG2, a second terminal of the first driving device 10 is connected to the first terminal of the first voltage regulator 20 and the control terminal of the first bridge arm switch device 40 through a first driving resistor RG1, and a second terminal of the second driving device 50 is connected to the first terminal of the second voltage regulator 60 and the control terminal of the second bridge arm switch device 80 through a second driving resistor RG 2.
Specifically, reliable turning on and off of first leg switching devices 40 and second leg switching devices 80 is the core of stable operation of the smart power module. By setting the drive resistors before the control terminals of the first leg switching device 40 and the second leg switching device 80, gate loop oscillation of the first leg switching device 40 and the second leg switching device 80 can be eliminated, and the on-off speeds of the first leg switching device 40 and the second leg switching device 80 are adjusted, thereby ensuring reliable operation of the first leg switching device 40 and the second leg switching device 80.
Referring to fig. 3 or 4 in combination, in one embodiment, the first leg switching device 40 includes a third switching device T1 and a first freewheeling diode D1, a control terminal of the third switching device T1 is connected to the second terminal of the first driving device 10, a first terminal of the third switching device T1 is connected to the anode of the first freewheeling diode D1 and the second terminal of the first switching device 30, and a second terminal of the third switching device T1 is connected to the cathode of the first freewheeling diode D1 and the external power source; and/or the second leg switching device 80 comprises a fourth switching device T2 and a second freewheeling diode D2, a control terminal of the fourth switching device T2 is connected to the second terminal of the second driving device 50, a first terminal of the fourth switching device T2 is connected to the cathode of the second freewheeling diode D2 and the first terminal of the first leg switching device 40, and a second terminal of the fourth switching device T2 is connected to the anode of the second freewheeling diode D2 and the second terminal of the second switching device 70.
In particular, a freewheeling diode is a diode used in conjunction with an inductive load, and when the current of the inductive load changes abruptly or decreases, an abrupt voltage is generated across the inductive load, which may damage other components. When the flywheel diode is matched, the current can change more smoothly, and the generation of surge voltage is avoided. Therefore, in this embodiment, the freewheeling diodes are disposed in the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80, so that voltage abrupt changes at two ends of the third switching device T1 and the fourth switching device T2 can be effectively prevented, and the operational reliability of the third switching device T1 and the fourth switching device T2 can be ensured.
It should be noted that the specific types of the first switching device 30, the second switching device 70, the third switching device T1, and the fourth switching device T2 are not exclusive, and in one embodiment, the first switching device 30, the second switching device 70, the third switching device T1, and the fourth switching device T2 are all insulated gate bipolar transistors, or the first switching device 30, the second switching device 70, the third switching device T1, and the fourth switching device T2 are all metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.
Specifically, the IGBT is a composite fully-controlled voltage-driven power semiconductor device composed of a BJT (bipolar transistor) and a MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor), and has the advantages of both high input impedance of the MOSFET and low on-state voltage drop of the GTR (power transistor). The GTR saturation voltage is reduced, the current carrying density is high, but the driving current is large; the MOS tube has small driving power, high switching speed, large conduction voltage drop and small current-carrying density. The IGBT integrates the advantages of the two devices, and has small driving power and reduced saturation voltage. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect transistors (MOSFETs), which are abbreviated as Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors (MOSFETs), can be classified into two types, i.e., N-type and P-type, according to the difference in polarity of their "channels" (working carriers), which are also commonly referred to as NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs, i.e., NMOS and PMOS.
The present embodiment can set the types of the switching devices to be the same, and all the switching devices are IGBTs or MOS transistors, thereby realizing the corresponding switch driving function. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first switching device 30, the second switching device 70, the third switching device T1 and the fourth switching device T2 may also adopt switching devices which are not exactly the same type, as long as the corresponding circuit functions can be realized. In further embodiments, the first switching device 30, the second switching device 70, the third switching device T1 and the fourth switching device T2 may also be implemented by a transistor or the like type of switching device.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the following detailed explanation is made in conjunction with specific embodiments, in which the intelligent power module driving circuit has the specific structure shown in each of the above embodiments, each switching device is an IGBT, and each voltage regulator device is a zener diode.
The power supply of the circuit uses a +15V unipolar power supply, the upper bridge driving chip supplies power and uses a bootstrap circuit C1, and the problem that the emitting electrode voltage grades are different when the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm work is solved. When the lower bridge switching device (i.e., the second switching device 70) is turned on, current flows from the power supply through the current limiting resistor Rlim, the diode, and the second switching device 70 to charge the bootstrap capacitor. When the second switching device 70 is turned off, the upper bridge switching device (i.e., the third switching device T1) gate drive is powered by the bootstrap capacitor. The diode clamps the voltage at two ends of the bootstrap capacitor to prevent overvoltage damage.
As shown in FIG. 5, parasitic inductance L exists between inverter legsS1、LS2. When the third switching device T1 is turned off, the current of the load is instantaneously switched to the freewheeling diode (i.e., the second freewheeling diode D2) of the lower bridge to freewheel, and then the fourth switching device T2 is turned on. Due to parasitic inductance Ls1、Ls2The circuit will sense a negative voltage.
Figure BDA0003159904180000141
The magnitude of the induced negative voltage is related to the switching frequency, parasitic inductance value and current change rate. When the induced negative voltage is too large, the bootstrap capacitor may be damaged, the first driving chip 11 may be damaged, and the third switching device T1 may be turned on by mistake, so that the intelligent power module may be exploded.
As shown in fig. 6, when the third switching device T1 is turned off and the fourth switching device T2 is turned on, the first switching device 30 is turned on, and the parasitic inductance of the bridge arm generates a negative voltage VS1. If VS1When the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilizing device 20 is exceeded, the first voltage stabilizing device 20 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold, and after the fourth switching device T2 is turned off and before the third switching device T1 is turned on, the first switching device 30 is turned off, in the process, the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilizing device 20 is selected to be smaller than the driving voltage of the third switching device T1. The clamping voltage is smaller than the minimum gate driving starting voltage of the third switching device T1, the third switching device T1 cannot be started, and the problem of intelligent power module misconduction caused by parasitic inductance negative voltage is solved.
As shown in FIG. 2, the parasitic capacitance C exists in the intelligent power module itselfcg、CgeWe refer to as miller capacitance, which forms the miller platform. When the first switching device 30 is turned on, the second switching device 70 generates a transient voltage change
Figure BDA0003159904180000142
At Miller capacitance Ccg2A current is formed and flows through the second driving resistor RG2 and the second driving power supplyInternal resistance R of chipDRV2And then grounded. Thus, a voltage is induced at the gate of the fourth switching device T2, and the miller capacitance induced current can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003159904180000151
the induced current flows through the second driving resistor RG2 and the internal resistance of the second driving chip 51, and generates a voltage at the gate of the second switching device 70:
VS2＝(RG2+RDRV2)*Icg2
the induced current value depends on the magnitude of the miller capacitance and the voltage change rate, and when the value exceeds the gate drive voltage of the fourth switching device T2, the fourth switching device T2 is turned on by mistake, and the intelligent power module explodes. Same principle when the lower bridge is opened, in Miller capacitance Cge1A sense current is formed flowing through the gate driving resistor RG of the third switching device T11(i.e., the first driving resistor RG1) and the internal resistance R of the first driving chip 11DRV1And then grounded. If the generated gate voltage exceeds the turn-on value of the third switching device T1, the third switching device T1 will be turned on by mistake, so that the smart power module will be exploded.
As shown in fig. 7, the fault tolerant circuit of the miller platform turns on the second switching device 70 after the fourth switching device T2 is turned off and before the third switching device T1 is turned on. When the third switching device T1 is turned on, the Miller capacitor induces a current through the second driving resistor RG2RG2And the internal resistance R of the second driving power supply chipDRV2And then grounded. If VS2When the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage stabilizing device 60 is exceeded, the second voltage stabilizing device 60 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold thereof, and the second switching device 70 is turned off before the fourth switching device T2 is turned on and after the third switching device T1 is turned off. In the process, since the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage stabilizing device 60 is selected to be smaller than the gate drive voltage of the fourth switching device T2, that is, the clamping voltage is smaller than the minimum gate drive turn-on voltage of the fourth switching device T2, the fourth switching device T2 cannot be turned on, and thus the miller effect of the parasitic capacitor is solvedA mis-conduction problem of the fourth switching device T2 should be caused. Based on the same principle, the problem of misconduction of the third switching device T1 caused by the miller effect of the parasitic capacitance can be solved, and details are not repeated here.
In the operation process of the intelligent power module driving circuit, the first driving device 10 and the second driving device 50 are respectively used for driving the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 to be alternately conducted, so that the switching control function is realized. When the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off and the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, the negative voltage generated by the bridge arm parasitic inductance of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 or the voltage generated by the miller effect can be applied to the first voltage stabilization device 20 by controlling the on/off of the first switching device 30. And when the negative voltage or voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage regulator device 20, the voltage delivered to the first bridge arm switching device 40 can be clamped to the magnitude of the corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the first arm switching device 40, the first arm switching device 40 will not be turned on erroneously due to the arm parasitic inductance or the miller effect. When second leg switching device 80 is turned off and first leg switching device 40 is turned on, the on/off of second switching device 70 is controlled so that a voltage due to the miller effect is applied to second voltage regulator device 60. And when the voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, the voltage delivered to the second bridge arm switching device 80 may be clamped to its corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the second arm switching device 80, the second arm switching device 80 will not be turned on erroneously due to the miller effect. By the scheme, the phenomenon of misconduction caused by parasitic inductance and the Miller effect can be effectively avoided, so that the inverter bridge arm is prevented from being directly connected, the intelligent power module is prevented from being exploded, and the working reliability of the intelligent power module is improved.
An intelligent power module comprises the intelligent power module driving circuit.
Specifically, as shown in the foregoing embodiments and the accompanying drawings, the specific structure of the intelligent power module driving circuit is that the first end of the first driving device 10 and the first end of the second driving device 50 are both connected to a power supply, and the power supply can finally realize on-off control of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and on-off control of the second bridge arm switching device 80. Further, the first arm switching device 40 and the second arm switching device 80 are alternately turned on to perform a switching driving operation on an external device (i.e., a load such as an inverter), and a common terminal of the first arm switching device 40 and the first terminal of the second arm switching device 80 is used as an output terminal (U) of the entire circuit.
It should be noted that in the solution of an embodiment, the power source connected to the first end of the first driving device 10 and the first end of the second driving device 50 is a single-polarity power source. A unipolar power supply, i.e. a power supply of the type with only positive signals or only negative signals, is for example, in a more detailed embodiment a +15V voltage supply. In the embodiment, the driving operation of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 can be realized by using a unipolar power supply, and the circuit cost can be effectively reduced compared with a bipolar power supply.
It is understood that the type of the external power source connected to the first bridge arm switching device and the second bridge arm switching device 80 is not exclusive, and any external power source can be used as long as the external power source can be output to an external device when the first bridge arm switching device or the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, so as to realize the operation control of the external device. For example, in one embodiment, the external power source may be a bipolar power source, and accordingly, the second terminal of the first leg switch device 40 is connected to the positive signal terminal (P) of the bipolar power source, and the third terminal of the second driving device 50 is connected to the negative signal terminal (N) of the bipolar power source.
Since both the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 have the bridge arm parasitic inductance, when the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off, the current of the load is instantaneously switched to the freewheeling device of the second bridge arm switching device 80 to freewheel, and then the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on. Due to two parasitic inductances Ls1And Ls2In the presence of, wherein Ls1Is a first bridge armEquivalent parasitic inductance, L, of the switching device 40s2For the equivalent parasitic inductance of the second leg switching device 80, a negative voltage will be generated in the circuit:
Figure BDA0003159904180000171
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003159904180000172
representing the rate of change of current in the smart power module driver circuit, the magnitude of the negative voltage being related to the switching frequency, parasitic inductance values and the rate of change of current. When the negative pressure is too large, the first driving device 10 may be damaged, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 may be turned on by mistake, so that the intelligent power module may be exploded.
The intelligent power module driving circuit shown in this embodiment is provided with the first switching device 30 and the first voltage stabilizing device 20, and after the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off, the first switching device 30 is controlled to be turned on before the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, and at this time, a negative voltage generated due to parasitic inductance is applied to the first voltage stabilizing device 20. When the generated negative voltage is higher than the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage regulator device 20, the first voltage regulator device 20 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold, and the first switching device 30 is turned off after the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned off and before the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned on. In this process, due to the clamping effect of the first voltage regulator device 20, the voltage of the control terminal of the first bridge arm switching device 40 is kept at the rated voltage threshold and is always lower than the driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device 40, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not turned on, that is, the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not turned on by mistake.
Since the intelligent power module itself has a parasitic capacitance, i.e., a miller capacitance, a miller platform is formed in the intelligent power module driving circuit, please refer to fig. 2 specifically. When the first switching device 30 is turned on, the second switching device 70 generates a momentary voltage change
Figure BDA0003159904180000181
At Miller capacitance Ccg2A current is formed which flows through the internal resistance R of the second drive means 50DRV2And then grounded. Thus, a voltage is induced at the gate of second leg switching device 80, and the miller capacitance induced current can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003159904180000182
after the current flows through the internal resistance of the second driving device 50, a voltage is generated at the second switching device 70, and when the generated voltage value changes from the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80, the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on by mistake, and the intelligent power module is destroyed.
In the scheme of this embodiment, the intelligent power module driving circuit is further provided with a second voltage regulator device 60 and a second switching device 70, and when the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned off and before the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned on, the second switching device 70 is controlled to be turned on. When the first bridge arm switch device 40 is turned on, the miller capacitance induces a current through the internal resistance R of the second driving device 50DRV2And then grounded. If the generated voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, the second voltage regulator device 60 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, and the second switching device 70 is controlled to be turned off before the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on and after the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off. In this process, since the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator 60 is selected to be smaller than the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80, that is, the clamp voltage transmitted to the control terminal of the second bridge arm switching device 80 is smaller than the driving voltage, the second bridge arm switching device 80 cannot be turned on, so that the problem of misconduction caused by the miller effect of the parasitic capacitance is solved.
Based on the same principle as described above, when second arm switching device 80 is turned on and first arm switching device 40 is turned off, miller capacitance C is set to be lower than the first valuege1An induced current is formed, flowing through the internal resistance R of the first driving device 10DRV1Back to ground, when the voltage generated is overThe first bridge arm switching device 40 will be misconducted, and the intelligent power module will be exploded. Due to the existence of the first switching device 30 and the first voltage stabilization device 20, based on the same principle, the voltage delivered to the first bridge arm switching device 40 is clamped to the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilization device 20, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not enough to be turned on, so that the phenomenon of false turn-on is avoided.
In the operation process of the intelligent power module, the first driving device 10 and the second driving device 50 respectively drive the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 to be alternately conducted, so that a switching control function is realized. When the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off and the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, the negative voltage generated by the bridge arm parasitic inductance of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 or the voltage generated by the miller effect can be applied to the first voltage stabilization device 20 by controlling the on/off of the first switching device 30. And when the negative voltage or voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage regulator device 20, the voltage delivered to the first bridge arm switching device 40 can be clamped to the magnitude of the corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the first arm switching device 40, the first arm switching device 40 will not be turned on erroneously due to the arm parasitic inductance or the miller effect. When second leg switching device 80 is turned off and first leg switching device 40 is turned on, the on/off of second switching device 70 is controlled so that a voltage due to the miller effect is applied to second voltage regulator device 60. And when the voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, the voltage delivered to the second bridge arm switching device 80 may be clamped to its corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the second arm switching device 80, the second arm switching device 80 will not be turned on erroneously due to the miller effect. By the scheme, the phenomenon of misconduction caused by parasitic inductance and the Miller effect can be effectively avoided, so that the inverter bridge arm is prevented from being directly connected, the intelligent power module is prevented from being exploded, and the working reliability of the intelligent power module is improved.
A household appliance comprises the intelligent power module.
Specifically, as shown in the foregoing embodiments and the accompanying drawings, the first end of the first driving device 10 and the first end of the second driving device 50 are both connected to a power supply, and the power supply can finally realize on-off control of the first bridge arm switch device 40 and on-off control of the second bridge arm switch device 80. Further, the first arm switching device 40 and the second arm switching device 80 are alternately turned on to perform a switching driving operation on an external device (i.e., a load such as an inverter), and a common terminal of the first arm switching device 40 and the first terminal of the second arm switching device 80 is used as an output terminal (U) of the entire circuit.
It should be noted that in the solution of an embodiment, the power source connected to the first end of the first driving device 10 and the first end of the second driving device 50 is a single-polarity power source. A unipolar power supply, i.e. a power supply of the type with only positive signals or only negative signals, is for example, in a more detailed embodiment a +15V voltage supply. In the embodiment, the driving operation of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 can be realized by using a unipolar power supply, and the circuit cost can be effectively reduced compared with a bipolar power supply.
It is understood that the type of the external power source connected to the first bridge arm switching device and the second bridge arm switching device 80 is not exclusive, and any external power source can be used as long as the external power source can be output to an external device when the first bridge arm switching device or the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, so as to realize the operation control of the external device. For example, in one embodiment, the external power source may be a bipolar power source, and accordingly, the second terminal of the first leg switch device 40 is connected to the positive signal terminal (P) of the bipolar power source, and the third terminal of the second driving device 50 is connected to the negative signal terminal (N) of the bipolar power source.
Since both the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 have the bridge arm parasitic inductance, when the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off, the current of the load is instantaneously switched to the freewheeling device of the second bridge arm switching device 80 to freewheel, and then the second bridge arm switching device is turned onTwo leg switching device 80. Due to two parasitic inductances Ls1And Ls2In the presence of, wherein Ls1Is the equivalent parasitic inductance, L, of the first leg switching device 40s2For the equivalent parasitic inductance of the second leg switching device 80, a negative voltage will be generated in the circuit:
Figure BDA0003159904180000211
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003159904180000212
representing the rate of change of current in the smart power module driver circuit, the magnitude of the negative voltage being related to the switching frequency, parasitic inductance values and the rate of change of current. When the negative pressure is too large, the first driving device 10 may be damaged, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 may be turned on by mistake, so that the intelligent power module may be exploded.
The intelligent power module driving circuit shown in this embodiment is provided with the first switching device 30 and the first voltage stabilizing device 20, and after the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off, the first switching device 30 is controlled to be turned on before the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, and at this time, a negative voltage generated due to parasitic inductance is applied to the first voltage stabilizing device 20. When the generated negative voltage is higher than the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage regulator device 20, the first voltage regulator device 20 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold, and the first switching device 30 is turned off after the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned off and before the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned on. In this process, due to the clamping effect of the first voltage regulator device 20, the voltage of the control terminal of the first bridge arm switching device 40 is kept at the rated voltage threshold and is always lower than the driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device 40, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not turned on, that is, the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not turned on by mistake.
Since the intelligent power module itself has a parasitic capacitance, i.e., a miller capacitance, a miller platform is formed in the intelligent power module driving circuit, please refer to fig. 2 specifically. When the first switch is turned on or offWhen the member 30 is turned on, the second switching device 70 will generate a momentary voltage change
Figure BDA0003159904180000221
At Miller capacitance Ccg2A current is formed which flows through the internal resistance R of the second drive means 50DRV2And then grounded. Thus, a voltage is induced at the gate of second leg switching device 80, and the miller capacitance induced current can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003159904180000222
after the current flows through the internal resistance of the second driving device 50, a voltage is generated at the second switching device 70, and when the generated voltage value changes from the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80, the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on by mistake, and the intelligent power module is destroyed.
In the scheme of this embodiment, the intelligent power module driving circuit is further provided with a second voltage regulator device 60 and a second switching device 70, and when the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned off and before the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned on, the second switching device 70 is controlled to be turned on. When the first bridge arm switch device 40 is turned on, the miller capacitance induces a current through the internal resistance R of the second driving device 50DRV2And then grounded. If the generated voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, the second voltage regulator device 60 clamps the voltage to the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, and the second switching device 70 is controlled to be turned off before the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on and after the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off. In this process, since the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator 60 is selected to be smaller than the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device 80, that is, the clamp voltage transmitted to the control terminal of the second bridge arm switching device 80 is smaller than the driving voltage, the second bridge arm switching device 80 cannot be turned on, so that the problem of misconduction caused by the miller effect of the parasitic capacitance is solved.
Based on the same principle as described above, when second arm switching device 80 is turned on and first arm switching device 40 is turned off, miller capacitance C is set to be lower than the first valuege1An induced current is formed, flowing through the internal resistance R of the first driving device 10DRV1And then the bridge arm is grounded, and the generated voltage is too large at this time, so that the first bridge arm switching device 40 is conducted by mistake, and the intelligent power module is exploded. Due to the existence of the first switching device 30 and the first voltage stabilization device 20, based on the same principle, the voltage delivered to the first bridge arm switching device 40 is clamped to the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilization device 20, and the first bridge arm switching device 40 is not enough to be turned on, so that the phenomenon of false turn-on is avoided.
It should be noted that the particular type of home device is not exclusive and in one embodiment, the home device is an air conditioner. Further, in one embodiment, the intelligent power module may be applied to an inverter, and the corresponding home appliance may be an inverter air conditioner.
In the operation process of the household electrical appliance, the first driving device 10 and the second driving device 50 respectively drive the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 to be alternately conducted, so that a switching control function is realized. When the first bridge arm switching device 40 is turned off and the second bridge arm switching device 80 is turned on, the negative voltage generated by the bridge arm parasitic inductance of the first bridge arm switching device 40 and the second bridge arm switching device 80 or the voltage generated by the miller effect can be applied to the first voltage stabilization device 20 by controlling the on/off of the first switching device 30. And when the negative voltage or voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the first voltage regulator device 20, the voltage delivered to the first bridge arm switching device 40 can be clamped to the magnitude of the corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the first arm switching device 40, the first arm switching device 40 will not be turned on erroneously due to the arm parasitic inductance or the miller effect. When second leg switching device 80 is turned off and first leg switching device 40 is turned on, the on/off of second switching device 70 is controlled so that a voltage due to the miller effect is applied to second voltage regulator device 60. And when the voltage exceeds the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage regulator device 60, the voltage delivered to the second bridge arm switching device 80 may be clamped to its corresponding rated voltage threshold. At this time, since the clamped voltage is smaller than the driving voltage of the second arm switching device 80, the second arm switching device 80 will not be turned on erroneously due to the miller effect. Through the scheme, the phenomenon of misconduction caused by parasitic inductance and the Miller effect can be effectively avoided, so that the inverter bridge arm is prevented from being directly connected, the intelligent power module is prevented from being exploded, and the working reliability of household electrical appliances is improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. An intelligent power module driver circuit, comprising: a first driving device, a first voltage-stabilizing device, a first switching device, a first bridge arm switching device, a second driving device, a second voltage-stabilizing device, a second switching device and a second bridge arm switching device,
a first end of the first driving device and a first end of the second driving device are respectively connected with a power supply, a second end of the first driving device is connected with a first end of the first voltage stabilizing device and a control end of the first bridge arm switching device, a second end of the first voltage stabilizing device is connected with a first end of the first switching device, a second end of the first switching device is connected with a third end of the first driving device and a first end of the first bridge arm switching device, the control end of the first switching device is used for connecting an external controller, a second end of the first bridge arm switching device is used for connecting an external power supply, and a rated voltage threshold of the first voltage stabilizing device is smaller than a driving voltage of the first bridge arm switching device;
the second end of the second driving device is connected with the first end of the second voltage stabilizing device and the control end of the second bridge arm switching device, the second end of the second voltage stabilizing device is connected with the first end of the second switching device, the third end of the second driving device is connected with the second end of the second switching device, the control end of the second switching device is used for being connected with an external controller, the second end of the second switching device is grounded, the third end of the second driving device is used for being connected with an external power supply, the first end of the second bridge arm switching device is connected with the first end of the first bridge arm switching device, the second end of the second bridge arm switching device is connected with the second end of the second switching device, and the rated voltage threshold of the second voltage stabilizing device is smaller than the driving voltage of the second bridge arm switching device.
2. The driving circuit of claim 1, wherein the first driving device comprises a first driving chip, a bootstrap circuit and a third voltage regulator, a power supply pin of the first driving chip is connected to a first end of the bootstrap circuit and a first end of the third voltage regulator, and a common terminal is connected to a power supply, an output pin of the first driving chip is connected to a first end of the first voltage regulator, a ground pin of the first driving chip is connected to a second end of the bootstrap circuit and a second end of the third voltage regulator, and a common terminal is connected to a second end of the second switching device.
3. The driving circuit of claim 2, wherein the first driving device further comprises a current-limiting resistor and a diode, a first end of the current-limiting resistor is connected to the power supply, a second end of the current-limiting resistor is connected to an anode of the diode, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the first end of the bootstrap circuit and the first end of the third voltage regulator.
4. The smart power module driver circuit of claim 2 wherein the bootstrap circuit is a bootstrap capacitor.
5. The smart power module driver circuit as claimed in any one of claims 2-3, wherein the first, second and third voltage regulation devices are all zener diodes, or the voltage regulation devices, second and third voltage regulation devices are all transient voltage suppressors.
6. The intelligent power module driving circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second driving device comprises a second driving chip, a power supply pin of the second driving chip is connected to a power supply, an output pin of the second driving chip is connected to the first end of the second voltage regulator device, and a ground pin of the second driving chip is used for connecting an external power supply and the second end of the second switching device.
7. The intelligent power module driving circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a first driving resistor and a second driving resistor, wherein the second terminal of the first driving device is connected to the first terminal of the first voltage regulator and the control terminal of the first bridge arm switch device through the first driving resistor, and the second terminal of the second driving device is connected to the first terminal of the second voltage regulator and the control terminal of the second bridge arm switch device through the second driving resistor.
8. The intelligent power module driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first bridge arm switching device comprises a third switching device and a first freewheeling diode, a control terminal of the third switching device is connected to the second terminal of the first driving device, a first terminal of the third switching device is connected to an anode of the first freewheeling diode and the second terminal of the first switching device, and a second terminal of the third switching device is connected to a cathode of the first freewheeling diode and an external power source;
and/or the second bridge arm switching device comprises a fourth switching device and a second freewheeling diode, a control end of the fourth switching device is connected with the second end of the second driving device, a first end of the fourth switching device is connected with a cathode of the second freewheeling diode and a first end of the first bridge arm switching device, and a second end of the fourth switching device is connected with an anode of the second freewheeling diode and a second end of the second switching device.
9. The smart power module driver circuit as recited in claim 8, wherein the first, second, third and fourth switching devices are insulated gate bipolar transistors or the first, second, third and fourth switching devices are metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.
10. An intelligent power module comprising the intelligent power module driver circuit of any one of claims 1-9.
11. An appliance comprising the smart power module of claim 10.
12. The home device of claim 11, wherein the home device is an air conditioner.
CN202110788494.4A 2021-07-13 2021-07-13 Intelligent power module driving circuit, intelligent power module and household appliance Pending CN113437858A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114465454A (en) * 2022-04-12 2022-05-10 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司 Bootstrap driving circuit, motor controller, compressor and vehicle
CN114884333A (en) * 2022-07-08 2022-08-09 深圳芯能半导体技术有限公司 Drive circuit, intelligent power module and electronic equipment

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114465454A (en) * 2022-04-12 2022-05-10 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司 Bootstrap driving circuit, motor controller, compressor and vehicle
WO2023197802A1 (en) * 2022-04-12 2023-10-19 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司 Bootstrap driving circuit, electric-motor controller, compressor, and vehicle
CN114884333A (en) * 2022-07-08 2022-08-09 深圳芯能半导体技术有限公司 Drive circuit, intelligent power module and electronic equipment

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