CN113429395B - 咪唑衍生物、有机电致发光材料、发光元件及消费型产品 - Google Patents

咪唑衍生物、有机电致发光材料、发光元件及消费型产品 Download PDF

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CN113429395B
CN113429395B CN202110850794.0A CN202110850794A CN113429395B CN 113429395 B CN113429395 B CN 113429395B CN 202110850794 A CN202110850794 A CN 202110850794A CN 113429395 B CN113429395 B CN 113429395B
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organic electroluminescent
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imidazole derivative
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CN113429395A (zh
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曹建华
姜坤
李程辉
孙建波
王振宇
郭文龙
赵雅妮
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Beijing Bayi Space LCD Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种咪唑衍生物、有机电致发光材料、发光元件及消费型产品,本发明所述的咪唑衍生物结构增大了咪唑环的π‑π共轭强度,提高了材料热稳定性和输送电子的能力,利用本发明的材料制备的有机电致发光元件可显著降低启动电压、提高发光效率和亮度、延长发光元件的使用寿命。

Description

咪唑衍生物、有机电致发光材料、发光元件及消费型产品
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种咪唑衍生物、有机电致发光材料、发光元件及消费型产品。
背景技术
一般而言,有机发光现象是指在对有机物质施加电能时发出光的现象。即在阳极与阴极之间配置有机层时,如果在两个电极之间施加电压,则空穴会从阳极注入至有机层,电子会从阴极注入至有机层。当所注入的空穴和电子相遇时,会形成激子,当该激子跃迁至基态时,会发出光和热。
作为有效制造有机电致发光元件的一种方法,一直以来进行了以多层结构来代替单层制造元件内的有机层的研究,1987年唐提出了空穴层和发光层的功能层的层叠结构的有机电致发光元件,目前使用的大部分的有机电致发光元件包括:基板、阳极、从阳极接收空穴的空穴注入层、传输空穴的空穴传输层、空穴与电子进行再结合而发出光的发光层、传输电子的电子传输层、从阴极接收电子的电子注入层和阴极。这样以多层制作有机电致发光元件的理由是,由于空穴与电子的移动速度不同,因此如果制造适当的空穴注入层和传输层、电子传输层和电子注入层,则能够有效传输空穴和电子,元件内实现空穴与电子的均衡,能够提高激子利用率。
作为与电子传输材料有关的最早报告,可以举出二唑衍生物。之后报告了三唑衍生物和菲咯啉衍生物表现出电子传输性。可应用于电子传输层的物质作为有机单分子物质,公开了对于电子稳定性和电子移动速度相对优异的有机金属络合物为良好的候选物质,稳定性优异且电子亲和度大的Liq为最优异的物质,目前也是最基本使用的物质。
此外,作为以往的可应用于电子注入层和传输层的物质,报告了很多具有咪唑基、唑基、噻唑基、螺芴基的有机单分子物质。例如,中国专利局公开授权的CN103833507B、CN107573328B、CN107556310B以及由柯达公司于1996年发表的美国专利US5,645,948中记载的TPBI为具有咪唑基的电子传输层用物质,其结构中,在苯的1,3,5取代位置上含有三个N-苯基苯并咪唑基,就功能而言,不仅具有传输电子的能力,而且具有阻断从发光层跨越来的空穴的功能,但在实际应用在元件时存在热稳定性低、驱动电压偏高、发光效率低的问题。
鉴于以上原因,特提出本发明。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的以上问题,本发明提供了一种咪唑衍生物、有机电致发光材料、发光元件及消费型产品,本发明的咪唑衍生物增大了咪唑环的π-π共轭强度,提高了材料热稳定性和输送电子的能力,利用本发明的咪唑衍生物制备的有机电致发光元件可显著降低启动电压、提高发光效率和亮度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种咪唑衍生物,所述的咪唑衍生物的结构式如式(I)所示:
其中,Ar1为单键、取代或未取代的C6-C60的亚芳基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60的亚杂芳基;
W1、W2在每次出现时相同或不同地是CR1或N,并且两个相邻的基团W1和W2代表下式(1)或(2)的基团或其组合;
其中,G代表CR3R4、NR5、O或S,Z在每次出现时相同或不同地代表CR6或N,并且“^”指示式(I)中的相应的相邻基团W1和W2
R1~R6各自独立地选自一个或多个相同或不同的氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳香基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳香乙烯基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳香基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基;
Ar2、Ar3各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C60芳香基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳香基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基;
其中两个或多个相邻的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5或R6可任选地形成另外的一个或多个取代或未取代的环,在所形成的环中含有或不含有一个或多个杂原子N、P、B、O或S;
n表示1-5的整数。
进一步的,所述咪唑衍生物为式(3)~(5)中的一种:
进一步的,所述取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基各自独立的选自以下II-1~II-17所示基团中的一种或多种:
其中,Z1、Z2、Z3各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基或其羧酸盐、磺酸基或其磺酸盐、磷酸基或其磷酸盐、C1-C60烷基、C2-C60烯基、C2-C60炔基、C1-C60烷氧基、C3-C60环烷烃基、C3-C60环烯烃基、C6-C60芳基、至少含有一个-F、-CN或C1-C10烷基的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基;
x1表示1-4的整数;x2表示1-3的整数;x3表示1或2;x4表示1-6的整数;x5表示1-5的整数;
T1表示氧原子或硫原子;
表示取代基与主体结构的连接键。
进一步的,所述Ar1选自以下III-1~III-15所示基团中的任意一种或多种:
其中,Z11和Z12各自独立地选自氢、氘氢、卤原子、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基或其羧酸盐、磺酸基或其磺酸盐、磷酸基或其磷酸盐、C1-C60烷基、C2-C60烯基、C2-C60炔基、C1-C60烷氧基、C3-C60环烷烃基、C3-C60环烯烃基、C6-C60芳基、至少含有一个-F、-CN或C1-C10烷基的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基;
Z13表示取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基;
y1表示1-4的整数;y2表示1-6的整数;y3表示1-3的整数;y4表示1-5的整数;
T2表示氧原子或硫原子;
表示取代基与主体结构的连接键。
进一步的,所述的咪唑衍生物的结构式为CJH-P01至CJH-P140任意一种:
其中,T3选自*—O—*、*—S—*或下述结构中的一种:
*—和—*表示连接键。
一种有机电致发光材料,包括所述的咪唑衍生物。
一种有机电致发光元件,包括第一电极、第二电极和置于第一电极和第二电极之间的至少一层有机层,所述的有机层中至少一层的材料包括所述的咪唑衍生物。
进一步的,所述的有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层或电子阻挡层。
所述有机电致发光元件包含阴极、阳极和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外,它还可以包含其它的层,例如在每种情况下,包含一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层同样可引入两个发光层之间。然而,应当指出,这些层中的每个并非必须都存在。此处所述有机电致发光装置可包含一个发光层,或者它可包含多个发光层。即,将能够发光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层可显示蓝色、绿色和红色发光。如果存在多于一个的发光层,则根据本发明,这些层中的至少一个层包含本发明的化合物。
进一步地,根据本发明的有机电致发光元件不包含单独的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层,即发光层与空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻,和/或发光层与电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻。
在根据本发明的有机电致发光元件的其它层中,特别是在空穴注入和空穴传输层中以及在电子注入和电子传输层中,所有材料可以按照根据现有技术通常所使用的方式来使用。本领域普通技术人员因此将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下与根据本发明的发光层组合使用关于有机电致发光元件所知的所有材料。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于借助于升华方法施加一个或多个层,其中在真空升华装置中在低于10-5Pa、优选低于10-6Pa的初压下通过气相沉积来施加所述材料。然而,所述初压还可能甚至更低,例如低于10-7Pa。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光元件,其特征在于借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加一个或多个层,其中,在10-5Pa至1Pa之间的压力下施加所述材料。该方法的特别的例子是有机蒸汽喷印方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加,并且因此是结构化的。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光元件,从溶液中,例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何所希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、光引发热成像、热转印、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷,来产生一个或多个层。可溶性化合物,例如通过适当的取代获得可溶性化合物。这些方法也特别适于低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物。此外可行的是混合方法,其中例如从溶液中施加一个或多个层并且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个另外的层。
这些方法是本领域普通技术人员通常已知的,并且他们可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下将其应用于包含根据本发明的化合物的有机电致发光元件。
因此,本发明还涉及制造根据本发明的有机电致发光元件的方法,借助于升华方法来施加至少一个层,和/或借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加至少一个层,和/或从溶液中通过旋涂或借助于印刷方法来施加至少一个层。
此外,本发明涉及包含至少一种上文指出的本发明的咪唑衍生物。如上文关于有机电致发光元件指出的相同优选情况适用于所述本发明的咪唑衍生物。特别是,所述咪唑衍生物此外还可优选包含其它化合物。从液相处理根据本发明的咪唑衍生物,例如通过旋涂或通过印刷方法进行处理,需要根据本发明的化合物的制剂。这些制剂可以例如是溶液、分散体或乳液。出于这个目的,可优选使用两种或更多种溶剂的混合物。合适并且优选的溶剂例如是甲苯,苯甲醚,邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯,苯甲酸甲酯,均三甲苯,萘满,邻二甲氧基苯,四氢呋喃,甲基四氢呋喃,四氢吡喃,氯苯,二噁烷,苯氧基甲苯,特别是3-苯氧基甲苯,(-)-葑酮,1,2,3,5-四甲基苯,1,2,4,5-四甲基苯,1-甲基萘,2-甲基苯并噻唑,2-苯氧基乙醇,2-吡咯烷酮,3-甲基苯甲醚,4-甲基苯甲醚,3,4-二甲基苯甲醚,3,5-二甲基苯甲醚,苯乙酮,α-萜品醇,苯并噻唑,苯甲酸丁酯,异丙苯,环己醇,环己酮,环己基苯,十氢化萘,十二烷基苯,苯甲酸乙酯,茚满,苯甲酸甲酯,1-甲基吡咯烷酮,对甲基异丙基苯,苯乙醚,1,4-二异丙基苯,二苄醚,二乙二醇丁基甲基醚,三乙二醇丁基甲基醚,二乙二醇二丁基醚,三乙二醇二甲基醚,二乙二醇单丁基醚,三丙二醇二甲基醚,四乙二醇二甲基醚,2-异丙基萘,戊苯,己苯,庚苯,辛苯,1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷,或这些溶剂的混合物。
一种消费型产品,其特征在于,包括所述的有机电致发光元件。
本发明的消费型产品可以是以下产品中的一种:平板显示器、计算机监视器、医疗监视器、电视机、告示牌、用于内部或外部照明和/或发信号的灯、平视显示器、全透明或部分透明的显示器、柔性显示器、激光打印机、电话、蜂窝电话、平板电脑、平板手机、个人数字助理(PDA)、可佩戴装置、膝上型计算机、数码相机、摄像机、取景器、对角线小于2英寸的微型显示器、3-D显示器、虚拟现实或增强现实显示器、交通工具、包含多个平铺在一起的显示器的视频墙、剧院或体育馆屏幕、光疗装置和指示牌。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明所述的咪唑衍生物结构增大了咪唑环的π-π共轭强度,提高了材料热稳定性和输送电子的能力,利用本发明的材料制备的有机电致发光元件可显著降低启动电压、提高发光效率和亮度、延长发光元件的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的实施例3的有机电致发光装置的一个底部发光例子的示意图;
图2是本发明的实施例4的有机电致发光装置的一个顶部发光例子的示意图。
附图标记
1-基板、2-阳极层、3-空穴注入层、4-空穴传输层/电子阻挡层、5-发光层、6-空穴阻挡/电子传输层、7-电子注入层、8-阴极层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
下述实施例对OLED材料及元件进行性能测试的测试仪器及方法如下:
OLED元件性能检测条件:
亮度和色度坐标:使用光谱扫描仪PhotoResearchPR-715测试;
电流密度和起亮电压:使用数字源表Keithley2420测试;
功率效率:使用NEWPORT1931-C测试。
本发明中所述的咪唑衍生物的合成路线如下:
其中X表示I、Br、Cl或OTf,其它所用符号如上文中所定义。
实施例1
化合物CJH-P27的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:中间体Int-1的制备
54.5mmol的2-碘-3-氰基萘(参考专利CN104193783制备)和60.0mmol的苯乙炔、5.5mmol的碘化亚铜、0.5mmol的PdCl2(PPh3)2催化剂,再加入80mL的THF和10mL的三乙胺,在氮气保护下,于室温搅拌反应8小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干燥,再用硅胶柱分离纯化,得黄色固体Int-1,收率94%。
第二步:中间体Int-2的制备
50.0mmol的Int-1溶解在80mL的DMSO中,在氮气保护下,加入0.1mol的硝基甲烷和0.1mol的氢氧化钾,升温至110℃搅拌反应1小时,降至室温,加入150mL饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,减压浓缩干燥,用氧化铝柱分离纯化,得到橙色固体,收率:89%。
第三步:中间体Int-3的制备
在氮气保护下,50.0mmol的中间体Int-2溶解于120mL的甲苯中,加入50.0mmol的溴苯、60.0mmol的叔丁醇钠、0.5mmol的Pd2(dba)3和1.0mmol的Xantphos,升温至90℃搅拌反应8小时,降到室温,加入50mL的水,过滤,滤饼用水洗、甲醇洗,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用THF-乙醇重结晶,得黄色固体Int-3,收率88%。
第四步:中间体Int-4的制备
40.0mmol的中间体Int-3溶解于120mL的THF中,加入0.5g的10%钯/炭,通入氢气,于室温搅拌反应10小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干燥,得褐色固体Int-4,收率100%。
第五步:中间体Int-5的制备
40.0mmol的中间体Int-4溶解于150mL的甲苯中,加入42.0mmol的对溴苯甲酸和1.0g的水合对甲苯磺酸,升温回流搅拌反应12小时,并通过分水器分出反应生成的水,冷却到室温,加入50mL饱和碳酸钠水溶液搅拌10分钟,分出有机相减压浓缩干燥,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用THF-甲醇重结晶,得黄色固体Int-5,收率92%。
第六步:化合物Int-6的制备
40.0mmol的Int-5溶解于80mL的DMF中,在氮气保护下,加入48.0mmol的联硼酸频那醇酯、60.0mmol的醋酸钾、0.4mmol的PdCl2(dppf)催化剂,升温至90℃,搅拌反应5小时,降到室温,将反应液倒入200mL的水中,搅拌反应1小时,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干燥,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到黄色固体Int-6,收率86%。
参照上述的Int-6合成方法,制备以下化合物:
第七步:化合物CJH-P27的制备
20.0mmol的Int-6溶解于60mL的甲苯中,在氮气保护下,加入18.0mmol的2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、60.0mmol的无水碳酸钾、0.1mmol的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂,再加入30mL的乙醇和30mL的水,升温至回流搅拌反应10小时,降到室温,加入50mL的水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干燥,用硅胶柱分离纯化,THF-甲醇重结晶,得到黄色固体CJH-P27,收率84%。
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z=678.2671[M+H]+1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.81~8.78
(4H,m);8.65~8.57(4H,m);8.25~8.20(3H,m);8.13~8.08(2H,m);7.89~7.86(2H,m);7.63~7.48(12H,m);7.45~7.31(4H,m)。
实施例2
参照实施例1化合物CJH-P27的合成方法,制备以下化合物,方法步骤同实施例1,不同之处仅在于根据所需产物不同,根据实际需要采用不同的化合物替换实施例1第七步中的反应物1(Int-6)和反应物2(2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪),并根据摩尔量更改该化合物的质量用量,制备以下化合物:
实施例3
一种有机电致发光元件,为底部发射光元件,如图1所示,包括基板1、设于基板1上的阳极层2、设于阳极层2上的空穴注入层3、设于空穴注入层3上的空穴传输层4、设于空穴传输层4上的有机发光层5、设于有机发光层5上的电子传输层6、设于电子传输层6上的电子注入层7、设于电子注入层7上的阴极层8,其制备包括如下步骤:
1)将涂布了ITO导电层的玻璃基片在清洗剂中超声处理30分钟,在去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮/乙醇混合溶剂中超声30分钟,在洁净的环境下烘烤至完全干燥,用紫外光清洗机照射10分钟,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面;
2)把上述处理好的ITO玻璃基片置于真空腔内,抽真空至1×10-5~9×10-3Pa,在上述阳极层膜上蒸镀化合物2-TNATA作为空穴注入层,蒸镀膜厚为
3)在上述空穴注入层上继续蒸镀NPB为空穴传输层,蒸镀膜厚为
4)在空穴传输层上继续蒸镀CzSi为主体材料和Ir(mppy)3为掺杂材料,CzSi:Ir(mppy)3的质量比为90:10,作为元件的有机发光层,蒸镀所得有机发光层的膜厚为
5)在有机发光层上继续蒸镀一层本发明的化合物(式I)为主体材料和LiQ为掺杂材料,化合物(式I):LiQ的质量比为50:50,作为元件的电子传输层,蒸镀膜厚为
6)在电子传输层之上继续蒸镀一层LiF为电子注入层,蒸镀膜厚为
7)在电子注入层之上蒸镀金属铝作为元件的阴极层,蒸镀膜厚为得到本发明提供的OLED元件。
实施例4
一种有机电致发光元件,为顶发射光元件,其结构如图2所示,包括基板1、设于基板1上的阳极层2、设于阳极层2上的空穴注入层3、设于空穴注入层3上的电子阻挡层4、设于电子阻挡层4上的有机发光层5、设于有机发光层5上的空穴阻挡层6、设于空穴阻挡层6上的电子注入层7、设于电子注入层7上的阴极层8。
具体的制备方法同实施例3所述的OLED元件。
对比例1
按照与实施例3相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)替换为Alq3,得到对比元件OLED-0;
试验例1
将实施例3和对比例1制备的元件的性能进行检测,结果如表1所示,其中驱动电压、电流效率、色坐标(1931CIE)、半峰宽(FWHM)、外量子效率(EQE)是在元件的电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下得出,并且相较对比元件OLED-0进行了数据归一化处理,元件的LT95%寿命是在起始亮度为10000cd/m2的条件下测得,且相较对比元件OLED-0进行了数据归一化处理。
表1
由表1的数据可以看出,采用本发明的咪唑衍生物有机材料制备成的元件在相同的电流密度条件下,驱动电压低,电流效率明显比Alq3作为电子传输层的高,而且元件的LT95%寿命相对使用Alq3的元件要提高很多。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种咪唑衍生物,其特征在于,所述的咪唑衍生物的结构式为CJH-P01至CJH-P140任意一种:
其中,T3选自*—O—*、*—S—*或下述结构中的一种:
*—和—*表示连接键。
2.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的咪唑衍生物。
3.一种有机电致发光元件,其特征在于,包括第一电极、第二电极和置于第一电极和第二电极之间的至少一层有机层,所述的有机层中至少一层的材料包括权利要求1所述的咪唑衍生物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的有机电致发光元件,其特征在于,所述的有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层或电子阻挡层。
5.一种消费型产品,其特征在于,包括权利要求3或4所述的有机电致发光元件。
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