CN112939872B - 螺芴类化合物,包含该螺芴类化合物的材料和有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
螺芴类化合物,包含该螺芴类化合物的材料和有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112939872B CN112939872B CN202110136106.4A CN202110136106A CN112939872B CN 112939872 B CN112939872 B CN 112939872B CN 202110136106 A CN202110136106 A CN 202110136106A CN 112939872 B CN112939872 B CN 112939872B
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D407/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D407/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种螺芴类化合物,其结构式如式(I)所示,该化合物适用于电子元件中,特别是适用于有机电致发光装置中,并且涉及含有所述化合物的有机电致发光元件用材料、有机电致发光装置和所述化合物在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用。所述化合物用于有机电致发光装置中具有高效率和长寿命,取得了积极的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料技术领域。具体地,涉及一种螺芴类化合物、包含该螺芴类化合物的材料和有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
早在1963年,pope等人首先发现了有机化合物单晶蒽的电致发光现象,开启了有机电致发光(简称OLED)及相关的研究。1987年美国的柯达公司用蒸镀有机小分子的方法制成了一种非晶膜型器件,将驱动电压降到了20V以内。这类器件由于具有超轻薄、全固化、自发光、亮度高、视角宽、响应速度快、驱动电压低、功耗小、色彩鲜艳、对比度高、工艺过程简单、温度特性好、可实现柔软显示等优点,可广泛应用于平板显示器和面光源,因此得到了广泛的研究、开发和使用。
经过二十几年的发展,有机发光(简称EL)材料已经全面实现了红、蓝、绿色发光,应用领域也从小分子扩展到了高分子以及金属络合物等领域。最近几年有机电发光显示技术己趋于成熟,一些产品已进入市场,但在产业化时程中,仍有许多问题亟待解决。特别是用于制作器件的各种有机材料,其载流子注入和传输性能、材料电发光性能、使用寿命、色纯度、各种材料之间及与各电极之间的匹配等,尚有许多问题还未解决。尤其是发光器件在发光效率和使用寿命还达不到实用化要求,这大限制了OLED技术的发展。而利用三线态发光的金属配合物磷光材料具有高的发光效率,其绿光和红光材料已经达到使用要求,但是金属配合物具有特殊的电子结构特征,导致其蓝光材料无法达到使用要求。
因此,需要提供一种高电子迁移率、高稳定性的有机电致发光材料,将其用于有机电致发光器件中能够降低驱动电压,提高器件的亮度和效率。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种螺芴类化合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种包含螺芴类化合物的材料。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种有机电致发光器件。
本发明的第四个目的在于提供一种包含本发明的螺芴类化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种螺芴类化合物,其结构式如式I所示:
其中,Ar选自取代的或未取代的C6-C60芳香基、取代的或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳香基、取代的或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的组;
Z选自C(R2)2、O、S或NR2;
n在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1、2或3;
m在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1、2、3或4;
t选自1~5的整数;
R、R1、R2各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代的或未取代的C6-C60芳香基、取代的或未取代的C6-C60芳香乙烯基、取代的或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳香基、取代的或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、取代的或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的组,并且其中任意两个或更多个相邻的取代基可以任选地接合或稠合、或键合至同一氮原子、磷原子、硼原子、氧或硫的桥连基彼此桥连,形成单环或多元环。
优选地,所述螺芴类化合物选自以下式II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII所示的化合物:
其中R、Z、Ar具有上述所给出的含义。
优选地,所述取代的或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基的环状结构中包含N、O、S原子中的至少一种。
优选地,所述C2-C60的杂环芳基各自独立地选自以下II-1~II-21所示结构组成的组:
其中,Z1、Z2各自独立地表示氢、氘氢、卤原子、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基或其羧酸盐、磺酸基或其磺酸盐、磷酸基或其磷酸盐、C1-C60烷基、C2-C60烯基、C2-C60炔基、C1-C60烷氧基、C3-C60环烷烃基、C3-C60环烯烃基、C6-C60芳基、至少含有一个-F、-CN或C1-C10烷基的C6-C60芳基、取代的或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代的或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或取代的或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基;
x1表示1-4的整数;x2表示1-3的整数;x3表示1或2;x4表示1-6的整数;x5表示1-5的整数;
T1表示氧原子或硫原子;
优选地,所述取代的C6-C60芳香基、取代的C6-C60芳香乙烯基、取代的C6-C60稠环芳香基、取代的C6-C60芳胺基、取代的C2-C60杂环芳基、取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基中,所述取代基选自氢、氘、卤原子、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基或其羧酸盐、磺酸基或其磺酸盐、磷酸基或其磷酸盐、C1-C60烷基、C2-C60烯基、C2-C60炔基、C1-C60烷氧基、C3-C60环烷基、C3-C60环烯基、C6-C60芳基、C6-C60芳氧基、C6-C60芳硫醚基、或C2-C60杂环芳基;
优选地,所述式I所示的化合物主要包括以下结构组成的组,但不仅限于以下所示的结构:
为达到上述第二个目的,本发明还提供一种材料,该材料的原料包含一种或多种上述螺芴类化合物。
优选地,所述材料为有机电致发光材料。包含本发明的化合物的材料具有载流子传输的能力。
为达到上述第三个目的,本发明提供一种有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括第一电极、第二电极和置于所述第一电极、所述第二电极之间的一个或多个有机层,所述有机层包含如上第一个目的所述的螺芴类化合物中的一种或多种。
所述有机电致发光器件包含阴极、阳极和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外,它还可以包含其它的层,例如在每种情况下,包含一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层同样可引入两个发光层之间。然而,应当指出,这些层中的每个并非必须都存在。此处所述有机电致发光装置可包含一个发光层,或者它可包含多个发光层。即,将能够发光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层可显示蓝色、绿色和红色发光。如果存在多于一个的发光层,则根据本发明,这些层中的至少一个层包含本发明的化合物。
进一步地,根据本发明的有机电致发光器件不包含单独的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层,即发光层与空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻,和/或发光层与电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻。
在根据本发明的有机电致发光器件的其它层中,特别是在空穴注入和空穴传输层中以及在电子注入和电子传输层中,所有材料可以按照根据现有技术通常所使用的方式来使用。本领域普通技术人员因此将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下与根据本发明的发光层组合使用关于有机电致发光元件所知的所有材料。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光装置,可借助于升华方法施加一个或多个层,其中在真空升华装置中在低于10-5Pa、优选低于10-6Pa的初压下通过气相沉积来施加所述材料。然而,所述初压还可能甚至更低,例如低于10-7Pa。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光器件,可借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加一个或多个层,其中,在10-5Pa至1Pa之间的压力下施加所述材料。该方法的特别的例子是有机蒸气喷印方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加,并且因此是结构化的。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光器件,从溶液中,例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何所希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、光引发热成像、热转印、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷,来产生一个或多个层。可溶性化合物,例如通过适当的取代修饰本发明式(I)所示的化合物获得可溶性化合物。这些方法也特别适于低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物。此外可行的是混合方法,其中例如从溶液中施加一个或多个层并且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个另外的层。
这些方法是本领域普通技术人员通常已知的,并且他们可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下将其应用于包含根据本发明的化合物的有机电致发光器件。
因此,本发明还涉及制造根据本发明的有机电致发光元件的方法,可借助于升华方法来施加至少一个层,和/或借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加至少一个层,和/或从溶液中通过旋涂或借助于印刷方法来施加至少一个层。
此外,本发明涉及包含至少一种上文指出的本发明的螺芴类化合物。如上文关于有机电致发光器件指出的相同优选情况适用于所述本发明的螺芴类化合物。特别是,所述螺芴类化合物此外还可优选包含其它化合物。从液相处理根据本发明的螺芴类化合物,例如通过旋涂或通过印刷方法进行处理,需要根据本发明的化合物的制剂。这些制剂可以例如是溶液、分散体或乳液。出于这个目的,可优选使用两种或更多种溶剂的混合物。合适并且优选的溶剂例如是甲苯、苯甲醚、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、均三甲苯、萘满、邻二甲氧基苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、氯苯、二噁烷、苯氧基甲苯,特别是3-苯氧基甲苯、(-)-葑酮、1,2,3,5-四甲基苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-吡咯烷酮、3-甲基苯甲醚、4-甲基苯甲醚、3,4-二甲基苯甲醚、3,5-二甲基苯甲醚、苯乙酮、α-萜品醇、苯并噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、异丙苯、环己醇、环己酮、环己基苯、十氢化萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸乙酯、茚满、苯甲酸甲酯、1-甲基吡咯烷酮、对甲基异丙基苯、苯乙醚、1,4-二异丙基苯、二苄醚、二乙二醇丁基甲基醚、三乙二醇丁基甲基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、三乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇单丁基醚、三丙二醇二甲基醚、四乙二醇二甲基醚、2-异丙基萘、戊苯、己苯、庚苯、辛苯、1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷,或这些溶剂的混合物。
进一步地,所述有机层选自电子注入层、电子输送层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、空穴输送层、空穴注入层、发光层、光折射层的一种以上。
进一步地,所述有机层包括第一目的所述的螺芴类化合物。
为达到上述第四个目的,本发明提供一种如上第一个目的所述的螺芴类化合物在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用。
另外,如无特殊说明,本发明中所用原料均可通过市售商购获得,本发明所记载的任何范围包括端值以及端值之间的任何数值以及端值或者端值之间的任意数值所构成的任意子范围。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的式I所示螺芴类化合物,具有较高的载流子迁移率和热稳定性,利用本发明的材料制备的有机电致发光器件可降低启动电压、提高发光效率和亮度。这一系列化合物有较好的成膜性能,并且材料合成以及提纯的方法简单适于大规模生产等特点,是作为有机电致发光器件电子传输材料的理想选择。该螺芴类化合物作为发光材料或者作为发光层中的主体材料或空穴传输材料或电子阻挡材料或空穴阻挡材料的应用也在保护范围内。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1示出本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个底部发光例子的示意图。
图2示出本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个顶部发光例子的示意图。
其中,1-基板、2-阳极、3-空穴注入层、4-空穴传输/电子阻挡层、5-发光层、6-空穴阻挡/电子传输层、7-电子注入层、8-阴极。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上;术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中,制备方法如无特殊说明则均为常规方法。所用的原料如无特别说明均可从公开的商业途径获得,所述百分比如无特殊说明,均为质量百分比。
下述实施例对OLED材料及器件进行性能测试的测试仪器及方法如下:
OLED器件性能检测条件:
亮度和色度坐标:使用光谱扫描仪PhotoResearch PR-715测试;
电流密度和起亮电压:使用数字源表Keithley 2420测试;
功率效率:使用NEWPORT 1931-C测试。
实施例1
化合物A1的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int-1的制备
25.0g(105.2mmol)的原料SM-0和60.0mL的二甲基亚砜混合,再加入8.8g(126.5mmol)的盐酸羟胺,升温至80℃搅拌反应8小时,冷却到室温,加入200mL饱和的氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-1,收率96%。
第二步:化合物Int-2的制备
4.7g(20.0mmol)的化合物Int-1溶解于30mL的甲苯、15mL的乙醇和15mL的水中,在氮气保护下,加入2.7g(22.0mmol)的苯硼酸和116.0mg的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂,搅拌反应1小时,再加入5.3g(50.0mmol)的无水碳酸钠,升温回流搅拌反应6小时,冷却到室温,滴加入10mL饱和的氯化钠水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-2,收率85%。
第三步:化合物Int-3的制备
12.0g(54.8mmol)的2-氯-3-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯溶于60mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,用液氮降温至-78℃,滴加入26.5mL的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,将上述THF溶液滴加入13.9g(60.0mmol)的化合物Int-2溶于120mL干燥的THF溶液中,搅拌反应2小时,升至室温搅拌反应2小时,滴加入20mL的3N稀盐酸水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率82%。
第四步:化合物Int-4的制备
20.0g(47.9mmol)的Int-3溶解于110mL的二氯甲烷中,在氮气保护下,降温至0℃,滴加入18.0g(72.0mmol)三溴化硼溶于二氯甲烷的溶液、搅拌反应2小时,升到室温,滴加入100mL的5%碳酸钠氨水溶液,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-4,收率96%。
第五步:化合物Int-5的制备
16.0g(40.0mmol)的Int-4溶解于80mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入11.0g(80.0mmol)无水碳酸钾,升温至110℃搅拌反应8小时,冷却到室温,将反应液倒入200mL的冰水溶液中,搅拌1小时,过滤,滤饼用水洗,黄色固体用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-5,收率88%。
第六步:化合物A1的制备
10.0g(26.1mmol)的Int-5溶解于100mL的三氟甲磺酸,升温回流搅拌反应24小时,冷却到室温,将黑色的反应液倒入200mL的冰水溶液中,搅拌1小时,过滤,滤饼用水洗,黄色固体用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物A1,收率56%。
实施例2
化合物A2的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int-6的制备
20.0g(80.2mmol)的6-溴-2-氯-3-甲氧基苯甲醛溶解于100mL的甲苯、50mL的乙醇和50mL的水中,在氮气保护下,加入10.8g(88.0mmol)的苯硼酸和464.0mg的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂,搅拌反应1小时,再加入21.3g(0.2mol)的无水碳酸钠,升温回流搅拌反应10小时,冷却到室温,滴加入50mL饱和的氯化钠水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-6,收率75%。
第二步:化合物Int-7的制备
12.0g(51.5mmol)的2-溴-1,1'-联苯溶于60mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,用液氮降温至-78℃,滴加入24.7mL的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,将上述THF溶液滴加入14.0g(56.6mmol)的化合物Int-6溶于120mL干燥的THF溶液中,搅拌反应2小时,升至室温搅拌反应2小时,滴加入20mL的饱和氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率94%。
第三步:化合物Int-8的制备
10.0g(24.9mmol)的Int-7溶解于80mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,降温至0℃,分批加入1.2g(60%,30.0mmol)氢化钠固体、搅拌反应1小时,降温至-78℃,滴加入12.0mL的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,再滴加入5.0mL的丙酮,搅拌反应1小时,升至室温搅拌反应1小时,滴加入50mL的1N稀盐酸水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到Int-8,收率90%。
第四步:化合物Int-9的制备
在氮气保护下,20mL的浓硫酸,降温至0℃,分批加入8.5g(20.0mmol)的Int-8,搅拌反应2小时,升到室温搅拌反应12小时,将反应液倒入200mL的冰水溶液中,搅拌1小时,过滤,滤饼用水洗,黄色固体用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-9,收率87%。
第五步:化合物Int-10的制备
10.0g(24.6mmol)的Int-9溶解于120mL的二氯甲烷中,加入21.4g(0.24mol)的二氧化锰固体,于室温搅拌反应24小时,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷洗,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-10,收率98%。
第六步:化合物Int-11的制备
10.0g(24.7mmol)的Int-10溶解于100mL的三氟甲磺酸,升温回流搅拌反应24小时,冷却到室温,将黑色的反应液倒入200mL的冰水溶液中,搅拌1小时,过滤,滤饼用水洗,黄色固体用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-11,收率66%。
第七步:化合物Int-12的制备
10.0g(25.8mmol)的Int-11溶解于100mL的二氯甲烷中,在氮气保护下,降温至0℃,滴加入9.7g(38.8mmol)三溴化硼溶于二氯甲烷的溶液、搅拌反应2小时,升到室温,滴加入50mL的5%碳酸钠氨水溶液,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物Int-12,收率95%。
第八步:化合物A2的制备
10.0g(26.8mmol)的Int-12溶解于60mL的吡啶中,在氮气保护下,降温至0℃,滴加入11.4g(40.2mmol)三氟甲磺酸酐,搅拌反应2小时,升到室温搅拌反应10小时,将反应液倒入200mL的冰水溶液中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物A2,收率82%。
实施例3
化合物A3的制备:
参照实施例1的制备方法,仅将实施例1中第一步的SM-0替换为2-溴-4-氯-6-氟苯甲醛,获得化合物A3。
实施例4
化合物A4的制备:
参照实施例2的制备方法,仅将实施例2中第一步的6-溴-2-氯-3-甲氧基苯甲醛替换为2,6-二氯-4-甲氧基苯甲醛,获得化合物A4。
实施例5
化合物A5的制备,包括如下步骤:
第一步:中间体Int-15的制备
10.6g(50.0mmol)的2-溴-3-甲氧基苯甲腈溶于80mL干燥的1,2-二氯乙烷中,在氮气保护下,加入12.5g(50.0mmol)的NIS和561.5mg(2.5mmol)的醋酸钯以及4.5g(25.0mmol)的对甲苯磺酸,升温至70℃搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,加入50mL的饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-15,收率88%。
第二步:中间体Int-16的制备
合成操作参照实施例1的第二步的制备方法,仅将实施例1第二步的中间体Int-1替换为中间体Int-15,制备得到中间体Int-16,黄色固体,收率64%。
第三步:中间体Int-17的制备
8.6g(30.0mmol)的Int-16溶于5mL的乙醇和50mL的水中,加入3.6g(90.0mmol)的氢氧化钠,升温回流搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,滴加入稀盐酸调到酸性,过滤,干燥,得到中间体Int-17,收率86%。
第四步:中间体Int-18的制备
9.2g(30.0mmol)的Int-17溶于50mL的甲基磺酸中,升温至60℃搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,将反应液倒入250mL的冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,再用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-18,收率92%。
第五步:中间体Int-19的制备
14.7g(54.8mmol)的2-溴-3-氯-1,1'-联苯溶于60mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,用液氮降温至-78℃,滴加入26.5mL的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,将上述THF溶液滴加入14.5g(50.0mmol)的中间体Int-18溶于120mL干燥的THF溶液中,搅拌反应2小时,升至室温搅拌反应2小时,滴加入20mL的3N稀盐酸水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,将白色固体用100mL干燥的二氯甲烷溶解,冰浴降温至0℃,加入5mL的三氟化硼乙醚溶液,升温回流反应10小时,冷却到室温,滴加入50mL的饱和碳酸钠水溶液,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率86%。
第六步:中间体Int-20的制备
9.2g(20.0mmol)的Int-19溶于80mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,用液氮降温至-78℃,滴加入24.0mL的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,滴加入3.0g(24.0mmol)的二氯二甲基硅烷,搅拌反应1小时,升温至60℃搅拌反应2小时,冷却到室温,滴加入50mL的饱和氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率58%。
第七步:中间体Int-21的制备
合成操作参照实施例2的第七步的制备方法,仅将实施例2第七步的中间体Int-11替换为中间体Int-20,制备得到中间体Int-21,白色固体,收率46%。
第八步:中间体A5的制备
合成操作参照实施例2的第八步的制备方法,仅将实施例2第八步的中间体Int-12替换为中间体Int-21,制备得到中间体A5,白色固体,收率84%。
实施例6
化合物A6的制备:
参照实施例5的制备方法,仅将实施例5中第一步的2-溴-3-甲氧基苯甲腈替换为2-溴-4-甲氧基苯甲腈,获得化合物A6。
实施例7
化合物CJH-P04的制备,包括如下步骤:
第一步:中间体Int-23的制备
12.0g(32.9mmol)的A1溶于60mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,用液氮降温至-78℃,滴加入15.8mL的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,滴加入5.1g(49.0mmol)的硼酸三甲酯,搅拌反应1小时,升至室温搅拌反应1小时,滴加入20mL的2N稀盐酸水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用石油醚分散过滤,得到白色固体,收率84%。
第二步:化合物CJH-P04的制备
合成操作参照实施例1第二步的制备方法,仅将实施例1第二步的中间体Int-1替换为2-氯-4-(二苯并[b,d]呋喃-1-基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,将实施例1第二步的苯硼酸替换为Int-23,制备得到化合物CJH-P04,白色固体,收率86%,MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 652.2041[M+H]+。
实施例8
化合物CJH-P72的制备,包括如下步骤:
第一步:中间体Int-24的制备
合成操作参照实施例7的第一步,将实施例7第一步的中间体A1替换为中间体A3,制备得到中间体Int-24,白色固体,收率77%。
第二步:化合物CJH-P72的制备
合成操作参照实施例1第二步的制备方法,仅将实施例1第二步的中间体Int-1替换为2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,将实施例1第二步的苯硼酸替换为Int-24,制备得到化合物CJH-P72,白色固体,收率80%,MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 638.2250[M+H]+。
实施例9
参照实施例7的制备方法,制备下列化合物,即方法步骤同实施例7,不同之处仅在于根据所需产物不同,根据实际需要采用不同的卤代物替换实施例7第二步中的2-氯-4-(二苯并[b,d]呋喃-1-基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,并根据摩尔量更改该化合物的质量用量,制备式I所示的CJH-P01~CJH-P03、CJH-P05~CJH-P45。
实施例10
参照实施例8的制备方法,制备下列化合物,即方法步骤同实施例8,不同之处仅在于根据所需产物不同,根据实际需要采用不同的卤代物替换实施例8第二步中的2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,并根据摩尔量更改该化合物的质量用量,制备式I所示的CJH-P46~CJH-P71、CJH-P73~CJH-P104。
实施例11
化合物CJH-P110的制备,包括如下步骤:
第一步:中间体Int-25的制备
12.0g(23.7mmol)的A2溶于60mL干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在氮气保护下,加入7.2g(28.5mmol)的联硼酸频那醇酯、3.5g(35.5mmol)的醋酸钾,再加入173.4g(0.2mmol)的PdCl2(dppf)催化剂,升温至90℃搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,将反应液倒入200mL的冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率88%。
第二步:化合物CJH-P110的制备
12.0mmol的中间体Int-25、10.0mmol的2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、3.7g(35.0mmol)的碳酸钠和58.0mg的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂,加入60mL的甲苯和30mL的乙醇以及20mL的水,升温回流搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用THF-乙醇重结晶,得到产物CJH-P110,收率83%,MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 664.2768[M+H]+。
实施例12
参照实施例11的合成方法,制备下列化合物,即方法步骤同实施例11,不同之处仅在于根据所需产物不同,根据实际需要采用不同的卤代物替换实施例11第二步中的2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,并根据摩尔量更改该化合物的质量用量,制备式I所示的CJH-P105~CJH-P109、CJH-P111、CJH-P112。
实施例13
化合物CJH-P127的制备,包括如下步骤:
第一步:中间体Int-26的制备
合成操作参照实施例11的第一步的制备方法,将实施例11第一步的中间体A2替换为中间体A4,制备得到中间体Int-26,白色固体,收率75%。
第二步:化合物CJH-P127的制备
合成操作参照实施例11的第二步的制备方法,将实施例11第二步的中间体Int-25替换为中间体Int-26,将实施例11第二步的2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪替换为4-(3'-溴-[1,1'-联苯]-3-基)二苯并[b,d]呋喃,获得产物CJH-P127,白色固体,收率86%,MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 675.2706[M+H]+。
实施例14
参照实施例13的合成方法,制备下列化合物,即方法步骤同实施例13,不同之处仅在于根据所需产物不同,根据实际需要采用不同的卤代物替换实施例13第二步中的4-(3'-溴-[1,1'-联苯]-3-基)二苯并[b,d]呋喃,并根据摩尔量更改该化合物的质量用量,制备式I所示的CJH-P120~CJH-P126、CJH-P113~CJH-P119、CJH-P128~CJH-P133。
实施例15
一种有机电致发光器件,为底发射光器件,其结构如图1和图2所示,包括基板1、设于基板1上的阳极2、设于阳极2上的空穴注入层3、设于空穴注入层3上的空穴传输层4、设于空穴传输层4上的有机发光层5、设于有机发光层5上的电子传输层6、设于电子传输层6上的电子注入层7、设于电子注入层7上的阴极7,其制备包括如下步骤:
1)将涂布了ITO导电层的玻璃基片在清洗剂中超声处理30分钟,在去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮/乙醇混合溶剂中超声30分钟,在洁净的环境下烘烤至完全干燥,用紫外光清洗机照射10分钟,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面。
实施例16
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)选为CJH-P04,得到本发明提供的器件OLED-1;
实施例17
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)选为CJH-P40,得到本发明提供的器件OLED-2;
实施例18
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)选为CJH-P54,得到本发明提供的器件OLED-3;
实施例19
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)选为CJH-P72,得到本发明提供的器件OLED-4;
实施例20
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)选为CJH-P110,得到本发明提供的器件OLED-5;
实施例21
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)选为CJH-P127,得到本发明提供的器件OLED-6;
实施例22
按照与实施例15相同的步骤,将步骤5)中的化合物(式I)替换为Alq3,得到对比器件OLED-7;
所得器件的性能检测结果列于表1中,其中驱动电压、电流效率、色坐标(1931CIE)、半峰宽(FWHM)、外量子效率(EQE)是在器件的电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下得出,并且相较参比器件进行了数据归一化处理,器件的LT95%寿命是在起始亮度为1000cd/m2的条件下测得,且相较参比器件进行了数据归一化处理。
表1 OLED-1至OLED-7的性能检测结果
由上可知,本发明的有机材料制备成的器件在相同的电流密度条件下,驱动电压低,电流效率和量子效率明显比Alq3作为电子传输层的高,而且器件的LT95%寿命要好很多。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (7)
4.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光材料的原料包含如权利要求1~2任一所述的化合物中的一种或多种。
5.一种有机电致发光器件,其包含第一电极、第二电极和置于所述第一电极、所述第二电极之间的一层以上的有机层,其特征在于,所述有机层的至少一层包含权利要求1~2任一项所述的化合物中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述有机层选自空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和电子阻挡层的一种及以上。
7.根据权利要求1~2任一项所述的化合物在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用。
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