CN113426481A - 用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于催化氧化制备α‑四氢萘酮的催化剂及其制备方法和应用,本发明采用硅胶为基体,制备氯基化硅胶用于吸附VO2+,再催化氧化四氢萘合成α‑四氢萘酮。本发明催化氧化四氢萘合成α‑四氢萘酮具有很高的选择性和转化率。本发明制备成本低,制备流程简单,可大批量生产催化剂用于合成α‑四氢萘酮本发明所述催化剂在催化氧化过程中,四氢萘转化率高,合成的α‑四氢萘酮选择性好,且副产物较少;本发明所述催化剂不易流失,催化剂回收过程简单,重复利用性好,循环4次以上转化率和选择性无明显降低回收利用性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂及其制备方法和应用,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
四氢萘是一种有毒有害无色液体,不溶于水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂,其催化产物α-四氢萘酮是目前医药工业中的重要有机中间体,但是目前存在的制备方法产率不高且副产物较多。目前的制备方法中用到的催化剂有以下几种:
无水三氯化铝或无水四氯化锡:通过催化γ-苯丁酰氯脱氯化氢环化得α-四氢萘酮,但是使用该催化剂会产生大量的三氯化铝废水或四氯化锡废水,造成环境污染且实验成本高。分子筛催化剂:以4-苯基丁酸为原料,按照一定的固液比将其溶于1,2-二氯苯中,混合液经气化后连续流经催化剂床层,在H-Beta分子筛催化剂上进行反应,催化氧化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮,但合成该催化剂成本昂贵,实验操作复杂。文件CN102584556A(一种由4-苯基丁酸催化合成α-四氢萘酮的方法)。铬基催化剂:以活性氧化铝为载体,Cr的氧化物为铬基催化剂的主要活性组分,过渡金属的氧化物为铬基催化剂的辅助活性组分,通过浸渍焙烧制得,用以合成α-四氢萘酮,但制备该催化剂成本昂贵,且α-四氢萘酮产率较低。文件CN102836723A(用于四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮的铬基催化剂及其制备方法)。
综上所述,已有方法中涉及到的催化剂存在重金属离子容易流失造成环境污染、产率不够理想、合成过程复杂、材料制备成本高、难以回收和循环使用等问题。
发明内容
针对上述合成方法的不足,一种用于新的催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂,所述催化剂为硅胶-Cl-VO,其结构式如下:
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶的制备:将硅胶加入有机溶剂中,再加入(3-氯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,在90~130℃条件下冷凝回流8~36h,冷却后用乙醇和水洗涤,冷却至室温后,依次用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,烘干得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.2~2.0mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声振荡10~30min,搅拌12~24h,反应完成用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
优选的,本发明步骤(1)中的有机溶剂为丙酮、氯苯、无水乙醇或无水甲苯
优选的,本发明步骤(1)中硅胶与(3-氯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷的质量体积(g:ml)之比为1:1~1:8。
本发明的另一目的在于将所述催化剂用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的方法,具体为:称取一定质量的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入反应容器中,再加入溶剂、氧化剂叔丁基过氧化氢和底物四氢萘,在温度为40~100℃条件下冷凝回流,反应3~10h,合成α-四氢萘酮。在这过程中,催化剂用量少、反应条件优化、环境友好的、四氢萘的转化率高及α-四氢萘酮的选择性高。
优选的,本发明所述底物与氧化剂的摩尔比为1:1~1:9,所述溶剂为乙醇、丁醇、乙腈、苯甲醚中的一种;催化剂的加入量为0.1-0.6g/mL(以反应底物为基准来添加)。
本发明的原理:本实验通过合成改性硅胶负载VO2+作为催化剂,利用VO2+作为催化活性位点,催化氧化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮,产率高,副产物少,负载VO2+催化活性位点在催化过程中稳定,不易流失,且可以循环回收利用。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明实验原料和制备成本低,制备流程简单,可大批量生产催化剂用于合成α-四氢萘酮
(2)本发明所述催化剂在催化氧化过程中,四氢萘转化率高,合成的α-四氢萘酮选择性好,且副产物较少。
(3)本发明所述催化剂不易流失,催化剂回收过程简单,重复利用性好,循环4次以上转化率和选择性无明显降低回收利用性好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的XPS谱图;
图2为本发明的N2吸附-解析谱图;
图3为本发明的红外光谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
一种制备氯基化硅胶来催化氧化四氢萘的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶的制备:称取5g的硅胶与5mL的CPTMS(3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、加入90mL的无水甲苯,在90℃条件下冷凝回流36h,冷却至室温后,用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,再放入70℃烘箱中烘干,得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.50mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声震荡10min,搅拌24h,用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
(3)硅胶-Cl-VO催化氧化四氢萘:称取0.30g的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入圆底烧瓶中,再加入10mL的乙腈作为溶剂,18mmol的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢),再加入2mmol的底物四氢萘,在油浴锅温度为80℃条件下冷凝回流,反应7h,则可达到催化氧化四氢萘的效果。
本实施例合成的α-四氢萘酮的选择性为63.47%,四氢萘的转化率为85.69%。
实施例2
一种制备氯基化硅胶来催化氧化四氢萘的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶制备:称取5g的硅胶与8mL的CPTMS(3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、加入90mL的无水乙醇,在100℃条件下冷凝回流36h,冷却至室温后,用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,再放入60℃烘箱中烘干,得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.20mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声震荡30min,搅拌12h,用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
(3)硅胶-Cl-VO催化氧化四氢萘:称取0.40g的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂,加入10mL的乙醇作为溶剂,16mmol的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢),再加入2mmol的四氢萘在100℃条件下冷凝回流,反应6h,则可达到催化氧化四氢萘的效果。
本实施例合成的α-四氢萘酮的选择性为60.58%,四氢萘的转化率为81.32%。
实施例3
一种制备氯基化硅胶来催化氧化四氢萘的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶制备:称取5g的硅胶与9mL的CPTMS(3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、加入100mL的氯苯,在110℃条件下冷凝回流24h,冷却至室温后,用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,再放入60℃烘箱中烘干,得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.80mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声震荡20min,搅拌18h,用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
(3)硅胶-Cl-VO催化氧化四氢萘:称取0.50g的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL的乙酸作为溶剂,12mmol的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢),再加入2mmol的底物四氢萘,在油浴锅温度为110℃条件下冷凝回流,反应10h,则可达到催化氧化四氢萘的效果。
本实施例合成的α-四氢萘酮的选择性为64.73%,四氢萘的转化率为87.89%。
实施例4
一种制备氯基化硅胶来催化氧化四氢萘的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶制备:称取5g的硅胶与10mL的CPTMS(3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、加入9mL的无水甲苯,在120℃条件下冷凝回流12h,冷却至室温后,用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,再放入80℃烘箱中烘干,得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为2.0mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声震荡25min,搅拌20h,用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
(3)硅胶-Cl-VO催化氧化四氢萘:称取0.60g的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL的丁醇作为溶剂,8mmol的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢),再加入2mmol的底物四氢萘,在油浴锅温度为120℃条件下冷凝回流,反应8h,则可达到催化氧化四氢萘的效果。
本实施例合成的α-四氢萘酮的选择性为68.79%,四氢萘的转化率为86.43%。
实施例5
一种制备氯基化硅胶来催化氧化四氢萘的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶制备:称取5g的硅胶与40mL的CPTMS(3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、加入100mL的丙酮,在130℃条件下冷凝回流8h,冷却至室温后,用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,再放入100℃烘箱中烘干,得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.50mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声震荡30min,搅拌20h,用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
(3)硅胶-Cl-VO催化氧化四氢萘:称取0.8g的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL的乙醇作为溶剂,2mmol的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢),再加入2mmol的底物四氢萘,在油浴锅温度为100℃条件下冷凝回流,反应7h,则可达到催化氧化四氢萘的效果。
本实施例合成的α-四氢萘酮的选择性为74.91%,四氢萘的转化率为75.60%。
实施例6
一种制备氯基化硅胶来催化氧化四氢萘的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶制备:称取5g的硅胶与14mL的CPTMS(3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、加入100mL的无水乙醇,冷凝回流在100℃条件下反应36h,冷却至室温后,用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤,再放入90℃烘箱中烘干,得到硅胶-Cl。
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.50mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声震荡15min,搅拌20h,用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
(3)硅胶-Cl-VO催化氧化四氢萘:称取1.0g的硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL的乙腈作为溶剂,14mmol的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢),再加入2mmol 的底物四氢萘,在油浴锅温度为80℃条件下冷凝回流,反应9h,则可达到催化氧化四氢萘的效果。
本实施例合成的α-四氢萘酮的选择性为86.71%,四氢萘的转化率为78.69%。
对本发明实施例1~6制备得到的催化剂进行相关测试和表征,结果相同,下面以实施例1所制备的催化剂为例进行详细说明。
图1为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的XPS图,由图可以看出,硅胶基体材料只出现了Si和O两种元素,而经过CPTMS有机官能化改性的硅胶-Cl中出现Cl元素,说明CPTMS已经成功接枝在了硅胶基体材料上,硅胶-Cl-VO材料中在517.23eV处出现新的V元素,说明硅胶-Cl材料成功与氧钒离子配位,负载活性位点。对硅胶-Cl和硅胶-Cl-VO两种材料中氮元素进行拟合,均拟合出两个峰,硅胶-Cl材料中N 1s在199.17eV处和200.10eV处出现两个峰,硅胶-Cl-VO在200.42eV处和201.30eV处出现两个峰。
图2为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的N2吸附-解析谱图,由图可以看出硅胶、硅胶-Cl和硅胶-Cl-VO三种材料,平均孔径分别为11.4 nm、9.8nm和10.2nm,根据Brunauer-Deming-Deming-Teller分类,三种材料的N2吸附-脱附等温线均为典型的IV(a)型,硅胶、硅胶-Cl和硅胶-Cl-VO三种材料在(P/P0)值接近0.8时出现解吸,并均出现有H1型滞后环, 根据孔径与吸附-脱附等温线,三种材料均为介孔材料。可以观察到在氯基官能化改性后,硅胶材料的孔体积有所减少,从0.987cm3/g降至0.641cm3/g,比表面积SBET也从344.41m2/g下降至253.54m2/g,可能由于硅烷偶联剂CPTMS在硅胶表面的接枝,造成了孔道凝聚,说明胺基成功接枝。
图3为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的红外吸收光谱图,由图可以确定了介孔二氧化硅和氯基化二氧化硅的功能团。图3可以观察到3460cm-1附近的宽频带是SiO-H基团的O-H振动和吸附水的H-OH的O-H振动。1627cm-1附近的峰是水H-O-H弯曲振动峰。1109cm-1强而宽的峰是Si-O-Si反对称伸缩振动峰,960cm-1处的峰属于Si-OH的弯曲振动吸收峰,从796cm-1和476cm-1的典型频段可以看出是Si-O键的对称伸缩振动和弯曲振动。在使用CPTMS活化的二氧化硅中,有一个687cm-1的小峰,是由C-Cl键引起的。这个峰可能是使用CPTMS成功地对二氧化硅进行功能化的证据。
综上所述,本发明所述方法确实得到了硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂,且催化氧化四氢萘效果好。
以上对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氯基化硅胶的制备:将硅胶加入有机溶剂中,再加入(3-氯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,在90~130℃条件下冷凝回流8~36h,冷却至室温后,依次用乙醇和水冲洗抽滤、烘干后得到硅胶-Cl;
(2)硅胶-Cl吸附VO2+:将干燥所得的氯基化硅胶加入浓度为1.2~2.0mol/L的硫酸氧矾溶液中,超声振荡10~30min,搅拌12~24h,反应完成用大量的水洗涤烘干,则可得硅胶-Cl-VO。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的有机溶剂为丙酮、氯苯、无水乙醇或无水甲苯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中硅胶与(3-氯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷的质量体积之比为1:1~1:8。
5.将权利要求1所述催化剂用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的方法,其特征在于:称取硅胶-Cl-VO催化剂加入反应容器中,再加入溶剂、氧化剂叔丁基过氧化氢和底物四氢萘,在温度为40~100℃条件下冷凝回流,反应3~10h,合成α-四氢萘酮。
6.根据权利要求5所述催化剂用于催化氧化制备α-四氢萘酮的方法,其特征在于:所述底物与氧化剂的摩尔比为1:1~1:9,所述溶剂为乙醇、丁醇、乙腈、苯甲醚中的一种;催化剂的加入量为0.1-0.6g/mL。
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