CN113422178B

CN113422178B - Waveguide window

Info

Publication number: CN113422178B
Application number: CN202110566995.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 秦成; 杨誉; 崔爱军; 朱志斌; 吴青峰
Original assignee: China Institute of Atomic of Energy
Current assignee: China Institute of Atomic of Energy
Priority date: 2021-05-24
Filing date: 2021-05-24
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-24
Also published as: CN113422178A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of microwaves and discloses a waveguide window. The waveguide window provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a wave-transmitting medium, a circular waveguide and a rectangular waveguide. The outer peripheral face of the wave-transmitting medium is connected with the inner peripheral face of the circular waveguide in a sealing mode, the waveguide end plates are formed at one ends of the rectangular waveguides, the two rectangular waveguides are oppositely arranged on two sides of the circular waveguide along the axial direction of the circular waveguide, the waveguide end plates are detachably connected with the circular waveguide, at least one side of the circular waveguide is connected with the waveguide end plates in a sealing mode, the function that the circular waveguide and the rectangular waveguide can be detached is achieved while the vacuum sealing performance is guaranteed, so that the wave-transmitting medium breaks, when the damage condition is caused due to failure and the like, the circular waveguide only needs to be detached to be replaced by the wave-transmitting medium, the whole waveguide window does not need to be replaced, the waveguide window has the advantages of reducing production cost and saving resources.

Description

Waveguide window

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to a waveguide window.

Background

The waveguide window is a key component of an accelerator and other high-power microwave systems, and plays a crucial role in determining the power tolerance, high-frequency characteristics and reliability of the microwave high-power system, the system life and the like. The waveguide window has the significance that high-power microwave energy is transmitted through the waveguide window without loss and with low reflection as much as possible, and the inside of the waveguide window and the inside of the accelerating tube are in a high-vacuum working state, and the larger the beam power of the accelerator is, the higher the power which needs to be fed through the waveguide window is.

High-power irradiation accelerators are applied more and more widely in the fields of industry, agriculture and the like, show the requirement of a large number of irradiation treatment processes, and are also hot subjects of research in the scientific research fields of particle physics and the like, wherein the high-power accelerators need to feed dozens to hundreds of kilowatt-level average radio frequency power into cavities of the high-power accelerators, and waveguide windows are parts playing a key role in the high-power accelerators. The waveguide window in the prior art needs to be replaced after being damaged, and the production cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide window to solve the problem that the waveguide window needs to be replaced after being damaged, and the production cost is high.

To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide window, including:

a wave-transparent medium configured to isolate air and to be transparent to microwave power;

the outer peripheral surface of the wave-transmitting medium is hermetically connected with the inner peripheral surface of the circular waveguide; and

the waveguide comprises a rectangular waveguide, wherein one end of the rectangular waveguide is provided with a waveguide end plate, the rectangular waveguide is arranged on two sides of the circular waveguide in an axial direction of the circular waveguide oppositely, the waveguide end plate is detachably connected with the circular waveguide, and at least one side of the circular waveguide is connected with the waveguide end plate in a sealing mode.

Further, the circular waveguide comprises a base and a sealing ring, and the inner circumferential surface of the base is hermetically connected with the outer circumferential surface of the wave-transmitting medium;

at least one of the two waveguide end plates forms a circle of first step extending towards the circular waveguide, and the base extends towards the first step to form a second step;

the first step with second step overlap joint or butt joint setting enclose to establish and form and hold the chamber, the sealing washer is located hold the intracavity.

the seal ring is located between the first step and the second step.

One of the two waveguide end plates forms the first step, the other one forms a circle of third step extending towards the circular waveguide, and the first step and the second step are arranged in a butt joint mode;

the base extends towards the third step and is formed with the fourth step with third step looks adaptation, the fourth step with the third step overlap joint sets up.

Furthermore, a first bulge is formed on one side, facing the circular waveguide, of the waveguide end plate, and the first bulge is located below the first step to extrude the sealing ring.

Furthermore, a second protrusion is formed on one side, facing the waveguide end plate, of the base, and the second protrusion is located below the second step to extrude the sealing ring.

Furthermore, a fifth step is formed by extending one axial end of the base in the radial direction, and the wave-transmitting medium is abutted against the fifth step.

Further, the circular waveguide further comprises:

a cooling groove provided on an outer peripheral surface of the base to cool the wave-transmitting medium; and

and the sealing sleeve covers the cooling groove and is in sealing connection with the cooling groove.

Further, the waveguide window further comprises matching ridges symmetrically arranged on two sides of the wave-transparent medium so as to converge the microwaves transmitted towards the circular waveguide.

Furthermore, two waveguide end plates respectively form an open slot facing the wave-transparent medium, and one end of the matching ridge on each side is arranged in the open slot in a penetrating manner and connected with the corresponding waveguide end plate.

Furthermore, the matching ridge is a trapezoid body with a right-angled trapezoid cross section, the bottom surface of the trapezoid body is connected with the rectangular waveguide, and the inclined surface of the trapezoid body is far away from the waveguide end plate.

Furthermore, each rectangular waveguide is provided with two matching ridges which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rectangular waveguide.

Furthermore, corresponding bolt holes are formed in the two waveguide end plates, and the two waveguide end plates are fixed through the bolt holes in a penetrating mode through bolts.

Further, the wave-transmitting medium is an aluminum oxide ceramic wafer, a beryllium oxide ceramic wafer or a sapphire wafer.

Further, the surface of one side of the wave-transmitting medium, which is connected with the waveguide end plate in a sealing mode, is coated with titanium nitride.

The waveguide window provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a wave-transmitting medium, a circular waveguide and a rectangular waveguide. The outer peripheral face of wave-transparent medium and the inner peripheral face sealing connection of circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide one end is formed with the waveguide end plate, two rectangular waveguides set up in the both sides of circular waveguide relatively along the axial of circular waveguide, the waveguide end plate can be dismantled with circular waveguide and be connected, at least one side and the waveguide end plate sealing connection of circular waveguide, realize circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide detachable function when guaranteeing vacuum seal performance, so that break, when inefficacy etc. lead to the condition of damage, only need pull down circular waveguide change wave-transparent medium can, need not change whole waveguide window, the embodiment of the application provides the waveguide window and has reduction in production cost, resources are saved's advantage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a waveguide window according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 2; and

fig. 4 is another schematic view of a waveguide window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a circular waveguide; 11. a base; 111. a second step; 112. a fourth step; 113. a fifth step; 114. a second protrusion; 12. a cooling tank; 13. sealing sleeves; 14. an inlet and an outlet; 2. a rectangular waveguide; 21. a waveguide end plate; 211. a first step; 211a, an accommodating cavity; 212. a third step; 213. a first protrusion; 21a, an open slot; 21b, bolt holes; 22. a flange; 3. a wave-transparent medium; 4. a seal ring; 5. a mating ridge; 100. a waveguide window.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the various embodiments/implementations provided in this application can be combined with each other without contradiction. The detailed description in the specific embodiments should be understood as an illustration of the spirit of the application and not as an undue limitation on the application.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that such directional terms are merely used to facilitate the description of the application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be considered limiting of the application.

In particle accelerators such as various electron linear accelerators, positive and negative electron colliders, spallation neutron sources, plasma heating devices and the like, various waveguide window structures are widely used, and the waveguide window structures mainly have the function of separating a high vacuum environment inside and outside a tube from an atmospheric environment so as to enable the accelerating tube to be in a high vacuum state and transmit microwave power with lowest loss as possible. The performance of the waveguide window directly affects the performance of the device, such as bandwidth, power, reliability, and lifetime.

In the prior art, along with the increase of power level, secondary electron multiplication and electric field breakdown of the wave-transmitting medium are easily caused by high electric fields of the contact surface of the wave-transmitting medium and the circular waveguide and the surface of the wave-transmitting medium. Slight assembly defects and asymmetries can cause local electric field enhancement, leading to sparking and damage to the waveguide window. Most of the faults caused by the use of the waveguide window are caused by the fracture of the wave-transparent medium, so that the whole waveguide window needs to be replaced. The present application therefore contemplates a waveguide window for such situations to address the problems of the prior art.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a waveguide window provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a wave-transparent medium 3, a circular waveguide 1, and a rectangular waveguide 2. The wave-transmitting medium 3 is configured to isolate air and to transmit microwaves; the outer peripheral surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3 is hermetically connected with the inner peripheral surface of the circular waveguide 1; the waveguide end plates 21 are formed at one ends of the rectangular waveguides 2, the two rectangular waveguides 2 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the circular waveguide 1 along the axial direction of the circular waveguide 1, the waveguide end plates 21 are detachably connected with the circular waveguide 1, and at least one side of the circular waveguide 1 is hermetically connected with the waveguide end plates 21.

The outer peripheral surface of wave-transparent medium 3 and the inner peripheral surface sealing connection of circular waveguide 1, rectangular waveguide 2 one end is formed with waveguide end plate 21, two rectangular waveguide 2 set up in the both sides of circular waveguide 1 along the axial of circular waveguide 1 relatively, waveguide end plate 21 can dismantle with circular waveguide 1 and be connected, at least one side and waveguide end plate 21 sealing connection of circular waveguide 1 realize circular waveguide 1 and rectangular waveguide 2 detachable function when guaranteeing vacuum seal performance, so that break, when losing efficacy etc. lead to the condition of damage in wave-transparent medium 3, only need pull down circular waveguide 1 change wave-transparent medium 3 can, need not change whole waveguide window 100, the embodiment of this application provides waveguide window 100 and has reduction in production cost, the advantage of resources are saved.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, at least one side of the circular waveguide 1 is hermetically connected to a waveguide end plate 21, so that the waveguide window 100 serves to separate a high vacuum environment and an atmospheric environment inside and outside the acceleration tube, and transmit microwave power through the wave-transmitting medium 3 with as low loss as possible. At least one side of the circular waveguide 1 is hermetically connected with the waveguide end plate 21, wherein one side of the circular waveguide 1 is hermetically connected with the waveguide end plate 21, and the other side of the circular waveguide is non-hermetically connected with the waveguide end plate 21; the circular waveguide 1 is hermetically connected with the waveguide end plates 21 on two sides. The sealing connection can be realized by butting the circular waveguide 1 and the waveguide end plate 21 and adding sealant at the joint of the circular waveguide 1 and the waveguide end plate for sealing connection; the butt joint of the circular waveguide 1 and the waveguide end plate 21 comprises the overlapping of any one of the circular waveguide 1 and the waveguide end plate 21 on the other and the opposite arrangement and the butt joint of the circular waveguide 1 and the waveguide end plate 21.

The waveguide end plate 21 is detachably connected with the circular waveguide 1, bolt holes 21b can be correspondingly formed in the circular waveguide 1 and the two rectangular waveguides 2, and the circular waveguide 1 and the two rectangular waveguides 2 are fixed through the bolt holes 21b in a penetrating mode. The two waveguide end plates 21 may be respectively formed with corresponding bolt holes 21b, the two waveguide end plates 21 may be fixed by bolts inserted through the bolt holes 21b, and the circular waveguide 1 may be fixed by pressing the two waveguide end plates 21.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the two waveguide end plates 21 are formed with corresponding bolt holes 21b, and the two waveguide end plates 21 are fixed by bolts inserted through the bolt holes 21 b. During installation, the base 11 and the end plates are positioned by matching the first step 211, the second step 111, the third step 212, the fourth step 112 and the fifth step 113, and then bolts are inserted into the bolt holes 21b of the two waveguide end plates 21, so that the waveguide end plates 21 are fixedly connected with the circular waveguide 1, the structure is relatively simple and compact, and the processing difficulty and the manufacturing cost are reduced. And the sealing ring 4 enables the circular waveguide 1 and the waveguide end plate 21 at the side provided with the sealing ring 4 to realize high vacuum sealing under the extrusion of the two waveguide end plates 21 to the circular waveguide 1, so that the waveguide window 100 has the function of separating the high vacuum environment inside and outside the tube from the atmospheric environment.

In an embodiment, the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 can be fixedly connected in a matching mode of a buckle and a clamping groove, so that the operation is simple, and the disassembly and assembly are convenient.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the circular waveguide 1 includes a base 11 and a sealing ring 4, wherein an inner circumferential surface of the base 11 is connected with an outer circumferential surface of the wave-transparent medium 3 in a sealing manner; at least one of the two waveguide end plates 21 forms a circle of first step 211 extending towards the circular waveguide 1, the base 11 extends towards the first step 211 to form a second step 111, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are overlapped or butted to form an accommodating cavity 211a, and the sealing ring 4 is located in the accommodating cavity 211 a. The inner peripheral surface of the base 11 is connected with the outer peripheral surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3 in a sealing mode, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are in lap joint or butt joint to form an accommodating cavity 211a in an enclosing mode, the sealing ring 4 is located in the accommodating cavity 211a, so that the side, provided with the sealing ring 4, of the waveguide window 100 and the accelerator form a high vacuum environment, the high vacuum environment and the atmospheric environment inside and outside the tube are separated, and microwave power is transmitted through the wave-transmitting medium 3 as low as possible in loss.

The inner circumferential surface of the base 11 is connected with the outer circumferential surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3 in a sealing manner, and the inner circumferential surface of the base 11 is connected with the outer circumferential surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3 in a sealing manner by welding, adding a sealant, setting in an interference manner and setting a sealing ring 4 for sealing. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, after the outer wall of the wave-transmitting medium 3 is metalized to have a corresponding welding capability, the wave-transmitting medium 3 and the base 11 are welded and fixed by high-temperature brazing.

In an embodiment, one of the two waveguide end plates 21 forms a circle of first step 211 extending towards the circular waveguide 1, the base 11 extends towards the first step 211 to form a second step 111, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are overlapped or butted to form an accommodating cavity 211a, and the sealing ring 4 is located in the accommodating cavity 211 a. The first step 211 and the second step 111 can be overlapped by the first step 211 on the second step 111, or the second step 111 is overlapped on the first step 211, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are overlapped and surrounded to form an accommodating cavity 211a, the sealing ring 4 is positioned in the accommodating cavity 211a, high vacuum sealing of the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 can be realized, and the overlapping part facilitates installation and positioning of the base 11 and the waveguide end plate 21.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are butted and surrounded to form an accommodating cavity 211a, and the sealing ring 4 is located in the accommodating cavity 211 a. After assembly, the high vacuum sealing of the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 is realized through the sealing ring 4. During assembly, a reserved gap or no reserved gap is formed between the first step 211 and the second step 111 before the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 are locked. When a reserved gap is formed between the first step 211 and the second step 111, the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 extrude the sealing ring 4 in the locking process, relative displacement is generated between the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 to compress the sealing ring 4, and the sealing effect of the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 is improved.

In an embodiment, the two waveguide end plates 21 form a circle of first step 211 extending towards the circular waveguide 1, the base 11 extends towards the first step 211 to form a second step 111, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are overlapped or butted to form an accommodating cavity 211a, and the sealing ring 4 is located in the accommodating cavity 211 a.

In an embodiment, the first step 211 and the second step 111 are disposed in a butt joint manner, a predetermined gap is formed between the first step 211 and the second step 111, and the sealing ring 4 is located in the predetermined gap. After assembly, the sealing ring 4 between the first step 211 and the second step 111 is extruded, so that high vacuum sealing between the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 is realized.

In one embodiment, the circular waveguide 1 comprises a base 11 and a sealing ring 4, wherein the inner circumferential surface of the base 11 is connected with the outer circumferential surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3 in a sealing manner; at least one of the two waveguide end plates 21 forms a circle of first step 211 extending towards the circular waveguide 1, and the base 11 extends towards the first step 211 to form a second step 111; the seal ring 4 is located between the first step 211 and the second step 111. During assembly, before the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 are locked, a reserved gap is formed between the first step 211 and the second step 111, and the sealing ring 4 is located in the reserved gap between the first step 211 and the second step 111. After the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 are locked, the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 extrude the sealing ring 4, relative displacement is generated between the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 to compress the sealing ring 4, and the sealing effect of the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 is improved.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, one of the two waveguide end plates 21 forms a first step 211, and the other forms a ring of third steps 212 extending towards the circular waveguide 1, and the first step 211 is abutted with the second step 111; the base 11 extends towards the third step 212 to form a fourth step 112 matched with the third step 212, and the fourth step 112 is overlapped with the third step 212. The first step 211 and the second step 111 are butted and arranged to form an accommodating cavity 211a in an enclosing mode, the sealing ring 4 is located in the accommodating cavity 211a, and high-vacuum sealing of the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 is achieved through the sealing ring 4 after assembly. During assembly, a reserved gap or no reserved gap is formed between the first step 211 and the second step 111 before the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 are locked. When a reserved gap is formed between the first step 211 and the second step 111, the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 extrude the sealing ring 4 in locking, relative displacement of the reserved gap can be generated between the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2, and the sealing effect of the circular waveguide 1 and the rectangular waveguide 2 is improved. The base 11 extends towards the third step 212 to form a fourth step 112 matched with the third step 212, and the fourth step 112 and the third step 212 are overlapped, so that the base 11 and the waveguide end plate 21 are convenient to mount and position.

In one embodiment, one of the two waveguide end plates 21 forms a first step 211, and the other forms a third step 212 extending toward the circular waveguide 1, and the first step 211 and the second step 111 are overlapped; the base 11 extends toward the third step 212 to form a fourth step 112 matching with the third step 212, and the fourth step 112 is overlapped with the third step 212. The installation and positioning of the base 11 and the two side waveguide end plates 21 are facilitated.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a first protrusion 213 is formed on the side of the waveguide end plate 21 facing the circular waveguide 1, and the first protrusion 213 is located below the first step 211 to press the sealing ring 4. After assembly, the first protrusion 213 of the waveguide end plate 21 presses the seal ring 4, so as to improve the sealing effect between the base 11 and the rectangular waveguide 2.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a second protrusion 114 is formed on the side of the base 11 facing the waveguide end plate 21, and the second protrusion 114 is located below the second step 111 to press the sealing ring 4. After assembly, the second protrusion 114 of the base 11 presses the sealing ring 4, so as to improve the sealing effect between the base 11 and the rectangular waveguide 2.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a first protrusion 213 is formed on one side of the waveguide end plate 21 facing the circular waveguide 1, and the first protrusion 213 is located below the first step 211 to press the sealing ring 4; the base 11 is formed with a second protrusion 114 on a side facing the waveguide end plate 21, and the second protrusion 114 is located below the second step 111 to press the seal ring 4. After assembly, the first protrusion 213 of the waveguide end plate 21 and the second protrusion 114 of the base 11 simultaneously press the sealing ring 4, thereby improving the sealing effect between the base 11 and the rectangular waveguide 2. Preferably, the first protrusion 213 and the second protrusion 114 are disposed opposite to each other, and the positions of the first protrusion 213 and the second protrusion 114, which press the sealing ring 4, are located on the same plane, so as to further improve the sealing effect between the base 11 and the rectangular waveguide 2.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a fifth step 113 is formed in the base 11 so as to extend radially from one end in the axial direction, and the wave-transmitting medium 3 abuts against the fifth step 113. When the inner peripheral surface of the base 11 is hermetically connected with the outer peripheral surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3, that is, when the wave-transmitting medium 3 and the base 11 are welded and fixed in a high-temperature brazing manner, the wave-transmitting medium 3 is abutted against the fifth step 113 to be positioned, and the brazing operation is convenient, for example, the fifth step 113 is provided to facilitate the placement of a solder. It is understood that the fifth step 113 may be formed at one end of the base 11 near the first step 211, at one end of the base 11 near the second step 111, or at both ends of the base 11.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 to 4, the circular waveguide 1 further includes a cooling groove 12 and a sealing sleeve 13. A cooling tank 12 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base 11 to cool the wave-transmitting medium 3; the sealing sleeve 13 is covered on the cooling tank 12 and is connected with the cooling tank 12 in a sealing way. The peripheral surface of the base 11 is provided with a cooling groove 12, a circle of sealed cooling grooves 12 form a cooling loop, the cooling loop can cover the most important heating area, for example, the cooling loop covers the peripheral surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3, the heat generated by the wave-transmitting medium 3 can be transferred to the base 11, the coolant transferred to the cooling groove 12 can control the temperature of the wave-transmitting medium 3, the temperature change generated when the wave-transmitting medium 3 transmits high microwave power can be effectively controlled, the conditions of fracture, mechanical deformation and the like of the wave-transmitting medium 3 caused by overhigh temperature when the high microwave power is transmitted can be avoided, the service life of the waveguide window 100 can be prolonged, and the high microwave power can be transmitted with low loss.

The cooling channel 12 may be integrally formed with the base 11 to reduce the number of parts of the waveguide window 100 and reduce the cost; the cooling tank 12 may be attached to the base 11 without being integrally formed. The sealing sleeve 13 is arranged on the cooling tank 12 in a covering mode and is in sealing connection with the cooling tank 12, and the sealing sleeve 13 can be arranged on the cooling tank 12 in a rotating mode, for example, the sealing sleeve 13 rotates around one side of the sealing sleeve 13 to open or close the cooling tank 12; the sealing sleeve 13 may also be slidably disposed on the cooling bath 12.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the sealing sleeve 13 is further formed with a coolant inlet/outlet 14 through which coolant enters the cooling tank 12 or exits the cooling tank 12. Wherein the sealing sleeve 13 may be a cold water sleeve and the coolant may be water.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the waveguide window 100 further includes matching ridges 5 symmetrically disposed on both sides of the wave-transparent medium 3 to converge microwave power transmitted toward the circular waveguide 1. The waveguide window 100 of the embodiment of the application adopts the structure of additionally arranging the matching ridge 5 to converge the high microwave power transmitted towards the circular waveguide 1, so that the size of the contact when the high microwave power penetrates through the wave-transparent medium 3 is correspondingly reduced, the reflection of the high microwave power is reduced when the high microwave power is transmitted, the loss of the high microwave power in the transmission process is reduced, and the high microwave power can be better fed into the coupler and the accelerating cavity through the waveguide window 100.

The matching ridge 5 is arranged to concentrate the electric field in the middle range of the wave-transparent medium 3, so that the distribution area of the transmitted high microwave power is reduced, and because the high microwave power is transmitted from the wave-transparent medium 3, certain microwave loss exists. The matching ridge 5 is arranged to reduce the area of the transmitted high microwave power distributed on the wave-transparent medium 3, and the reduction of the transmission area is beneficial to reducing the loss when the high microwave power is transmitted. The high microwave power distribution area is reduced, the area and the volume of the wave-transmitting medium 3 are correspondingly reduced, the structure is more compact, and the impedance characteristics of the wave-transmitting medium can be matched.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the two waveguide end plates 21 respectively form an open slot 21a facing the wave-transparent medium 3, and one end of each side matching ridge 5 is inserted into the open slot 21a and connected with the corresponding waveguide end plate 21.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the matching ridge 5 is a trapezoidal body with a right-angled trapezoid cross-section, the bottom surface of the trapezoidal body is connected to the rectangular waveguide 2, and the slope of the trapezoidal body is located away from the waveguide end plate 21. The matching ridge 5 is a trapezoid with a right trapezoid cross section, and the inclined surface of the trapezoid is arranged far away from the waveguide end plate 21 to better converge the high microwave power transmitted towards the circular waveguide 1. And the number of abrupt structures in the waveguide window 100 is reduced, and the phenomenon of sparking caused by excessive abrupt structures is prevented.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, each rectangular waveguide 2 is provided with two matching ridges 5 symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rectangular waveguide 2. With better convergence of the high microwave power transmitted towards the circular waveguide 1. And by structural matching, to better control the waveguide window 100 over the transmission of high microwave power.

In one embodiment, the wave-transparent medium 3 is an aluminum oxide ceramic wafer, a beryllium oxide ceramic wafer, or a sapphire wafer. The continuous improvement of the research and processing technology of advanced wave-transparent medium 3 materials is one of the important research directions of the waveguide window 100. The advanced wave-transparent medium 3, such as ceramic material, has the characteristics of small dielectric constant, low microwave loss, large dielectric strength, high thermal conductivity and the like, and is used for realizing the excellent waveguide window 100The key to performance. The wave-transparent medium 3 used in the waveguide window 100 mainly has Al ₂ O ₃ Fused silica, beO, BN, alN, chemical vapor deposition diamond, and the like. The aluminum oxide ceramic wafer is widely applied to microwave components due to the characteristics of stable quality, low price, easy metallization and packaging, mature process and the like.

In one embodiment, the surface of the side of the wave-transparent medium 3 that is sealingly connected to the waveguide end plate 21 is coated with titanium nitride. By coating TiN on the surface of the wave-transmitting medium 3 and the high-vacuum-sealed side of the waveguide end plate 21, the secondary electron multiplication effect of the wave-transmitting medium 3 can be effectively avoided, and the power capacity of the waveguide window 100 is improved.

In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the wave-transparent medium 3 is an alumina ceramic plate, the ceramic plate is connected to the base 11 by high temperature brazing, one end of the rectangular waveguide 2 is a flange 22 interface, so that the waveguide window 100 is connected to various particle accelerators such as an electron linear accelerator, a positive-negative electron collider, a spallation neutron source, a plasma heating device, and the other end is a waveguide end plate 21. The base 11 is fixedly connected with the two waveguide end plates 21 on the rectangular waveguide 2 through bolts, namely the ceramic plate and the base 11 are of a detachable structure, so that when the waveguide window 100 is broken, only the ceramic plate can be replaced, the production cost of the waveguide window 100 is reduced, and the base 11 and the waveguide end plates 21 on one side of high vacuum sealing are provided with a first boss, a second boss and a sealing ring 4, so that the high vacuum sealing performance of the waveguide window is ensured. Two matching ridges 5 are respectively arranged in the two rectangular waveguides 2, so that when high microwave power is transmitted, the impedance characteristics of the ceramic chip can be matched while the volume of the ceramic chip is effectively reduced and the structure of the waveguide window 100 is more compact, the power loss in the transmission process is effectively reduced, the electric field in the waveguide window 100 is uniformly distributed, and the ignition probability is lower. Through the designed water cooling channel, heat dissipation is more effectively carried out, the ceramic chip is ensured to be in a normal working state as much as possible, and the use requirement that hundreds of kilowatt-level radio frequency power is fed into the cavity through the microwave waveguide window 100 in the high-power proton linear accelerator is met.

In one embodiment, the waveguide end plate 21, the outer water jacket of the circular waveguide 1, and the flange 22 may be oxygen-free copper materials, the base 11, the rectangular waveguide 2, and the matching ridge 5 may be oxygen-free copper materials, and the ceramic sheet material may be alumina ceramic, beryllium oxide ceramic, or sapphire.

The rectangular waveguide 2 and the matching ridge 5 are made of oxygen-free copper materials, and certain requirements are made on surface finish, so that power loss generated during microwave power transmission is reduced. The ceramic plate is made of high-purity alumina, and the high-purity alumina ceramic has less magnesium oxide impurities, so that the loss in high microwave power transmission can be effectively reduced.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A waveguide window, comprising:

the circular waveguide comprises a base and a sealing ring, and the inner circumferential surface of the base is hermetically connected with the outer circumferential surface of the wave-transmitting medium; and

the waveguide structure comprises rectangular waveguides, a waveguide end plate and a circular waveguide, wherein a waveguide end plate is formed at one end of each rectangular waveguide, the two rectangular waveguides are oppositely arranged at two sides of the circular waveguide along the axial direction of the circular waveguide, the waveguide end plates are detachably connected with the circular waveguide, and at least one side of the circular waveguide is hermetically connected with the waveguide end plate;

the first step and the second step are in lap joint or butt joint to form an accommodating cavity in an enclosing mode, the sealing ring is located in the accommodating cavity, and the base and the waveguide end plate extrude the sealing ring; or the first step and the second step are arranged in a butt joint mode, the sealing ring is located between the first step and the second step, and the first step and the second step extrude the sealing ring;

the base is towards waveguide end plate one side is formed with the second arch, the second arch is located second step below is in order to extrude the sealing washer.

2. The waveguide window of claim 1, wherein one of the two waveguide end plates forms the first step, and the other forms a ring of a third step extending toward the circular waveguide, and the first step is disposed in butt joint with the second step;

3. The waveguide window of claim 1, wherein the waveguide end plate is formed with a first protrusion at a side facing the circular waveguide, the first protrusion being located below the first step to press the sealing ring.

4. The waveguide window of claim 1, wherein a fifth step is formed by extending one end of the base in the axial direction in the radial direction, and the wave-transmitting medium abuts against the fifth step.

5. The waveguide window of claim 1, wherein the circular waveguide further comprises:

and the sealing sleeve covers the cooling groove and is connected with the cooling groove in a sealing way.

6. The waveguide window of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising matching ridges symmetrically disposed on both sides of the wave-transparent medium to converge the microwaves transmitted toward the circular waveguide.

7. The waveguide window of claim 6, wherein the two waveguide end plates respectively form an open slot facing the wave-transparent medium, and one end of the matching ridge on each side is inserted into the open slot and connected with the corresponding waveguide end plate.

8. The waveguide window of claim 6, wherein the mating ridge is a trapezoidal body having a right trapezoid cross-section, a bottom surface of the trapezoidal body being connected to the rectangular waveguide, a slope of the trapezoidal body being disposed away from the waveguide end plate.

9. The waveguide window of claim 6, wherein each of the rectangular waveguides is provided with two of the matching ridges symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rectangular waveguide.

10. The waveguide window according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein corresponding bolt holes are formed in both of the waveguide end plates, and both of the waveguide end plates are fixed by bolts inserted through the bolt holes.

11. The waveguide window of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wave-transparent medium is an aluminum oxide ceramic wafer, a beryllium oxide ceramic wafer, or a sapphire wafer.

12. The waveguide window of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a surface of a side of the wave-transparent medium sealingly connected to the waveguide end plate is coated with titanium nitride.