CN113404429A - Composite guiding drilling tool and method - Google Patents
Composite guiding drilling tool and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113404429A CN113404429A CN202110814025.5A CN202110814025A CN113404429A CN 113404429 A CN113404429 A CN 113404429A CN 202110814025 A CN202110814025 A CN 202110814025A CN 113404429 A CN113404429 A CN 113404429A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/024—Determining slope or direction of devices in the borehole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/067—Deflecting the direction of boreholes with means for locking sections of a pipe or of a guide for a shaft in angular relation, e.g. adjustable bent sub
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined type guiding drilling tool and a method, the combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a force transmission cylinder and a bearing body, the bearing body is arranged inside the force transmission cylinder, the bearing body is hinged with the force transmission cylinder through an inner hinge structure, a drill bit is connected to the lower end of the bearing body, an annular movable space is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the lower portion of the bearing body along the circumferential direction, each driving hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston structure accommodating cavity arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body and a driving piston structure arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavity, the driving piston structure can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively, and the force transmission cylinder can abut against a well wall. According to the invention, the driving hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, so that the size of the rotary guide is greatly reduced, and the rotary guide can be accurately controlled, thereby realizing extension of a controllable track.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling and oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a combined type guiding drilling tool and a combined type guiding drilling method.
Background
The control of the exploitation cost is always a target pursued by the drilling of oil and gas, along with the development of unconventional oil and gas fields, the requirement on drilling equipment is higher and higher, and an automatic and intelligent efficient drilling technology becomes a mainstream technology for reducing the cost and improving the efficiency; in addition, drilling techniques have a number of applications in the fields of geological engineering and mineral development.
The Rotary Steerable drilling technology is the most representative and advanced drilling technology in the world at present, and Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS) are divided into the following four types according to the working mode of a downhole tool system: static bias push, dynamic bias push, static bias directional, and dynamic bias directional. The guide actuating mechanisms of the static bias push-type rotary guide and the static bias pointing-type rotary guide do not rotate along with the drill column, and are easy to encounter a clamping group; the guide actuating mechanism of the dynamic offset rotary guide is complex, the build rate is difficult to improve, and the trafficability in a high-curvature well is poor.
Sidetrack drilling a branch well at any position in the existing main well bore by using a short-extremely short radius, and then continuously extending the branch well bore in a direction different from the well axis of the main well bore or enabling the well bore to extend towards a direction different from the well axis of the main well bore by using a short-extremely short radius deflecting technology at the tail end of the existing well bore; generally speaking, the scale range of the extremely short radius is a meter range, the range of the short radius is 10-60 meters, the minimum turning radius of the deflecting section of the extremely short radius well is less than 10 meters, and the extremely short radius well drilling comprises the steps of realizing the drilling of the high-curvature well section with the turning radius of less than 10 meters and/or continuing the well drilling operation through the high-curvature well section with the turning radius of less than 1 meter so as to complete the extended well section.
The prior coiled tubing transmission elbow joint screw motor can realize sidetrack drilling with controllable medium and short radiuses, but the directional mode is sliding guide, the whole drill column does not rotate, the screw rod is driven by the drilling circulating medium to drive the drill bit to rotate, the well deviation and the azimuth performance of the drilling tool are changed through the change of the face angle of the tool of the elbow joint, the limitations that the drilling tool does not rotate during the directional operation, the short-radius directional drilling operation cannot be completed and the like exist, the precision of the well track is poor, and because the coiled tubing has the inherent disadvantages of non-rotation, low strength and the like, the tubing string is easy to break and fracture, is not suitable for bearing high torque, and the diameter of the drilled borehole is too small, the basic requirement of oil-gas reservoir development on the flow guiding capacity of an oil-gas well can not be met, so the coiled tubing can hardly be used for short-radius lateral drilling, and is even less operable in ultra-short radius and ultra-short radius lateral drilling applications where the turn radius is less than 10 meters.
Another method for realizing short-extremely short radius lateral drilling is to realize short-extremely short radius lateral drilling by driving a drill bit to drill through a flexible drill rod, namely, a single section of short drill rod with the length less than 1.5 meters is adopted to be connected with a flexible drill column in series, tension is transmitted between adjacent short drill rods through a ball head and a ball bowl, torque is transmitted through a spline arranged between the ball head and the ball bowl, and the drill bit at the bottom is driven to rotate through the flexible drill column to realize rock breaking; the method can realize short-extremely short radius sidetracking by means of the deflecting action of the whipstock, however, the method cannot realize borehole trajectory control and obtain a borehole trajectory with certain precision in the borehole extension process, the borehole is seriously bent, the drilling of a drill bit is hindered, and the uncontrollable distorted borehole trajectory is difficult to meet the field requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary steerable composite steerable drilling tool that is capable of precise control.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite steerable drilling method using the composite steerable drilling tool described above.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a composite guiding drilling tool, which includes a force transmission cylinder and a bearing body, wherein the bearing body is disposed inside the force transmission cylinder, and the upper portion of the bearing body is hinged to the force transmission cylinder through an internal hinge structure, or the upper portion of the force transmission cylinder is hinged to the bearing body through an internal hinge structure; the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the bearing body, an annular movable space is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, and a deflection guide mechanism is arranged in the annular movable space and can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively.
The combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a bearing body, wherein the lower part of the bearing body is provided with at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, each driving hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston structure accommodating cavity arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body and a driving piston structure arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavity, and the driving piston structure can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively; the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission cylinder is connected with a first centralizer along the circumferential direction, and the force transmission cylinder can drive the first centralizer to abut against the well wall.
The composite guide drilling tool further comprises a driving drill string, the driving drill string comprises a plurality of transmission short sections which are sequentially hinged from top to bottom, through holes are formed in the transmission short sections, the through holes are sequentially communicated to form a through flow channel for circulation of drilling circulation media, and the transmission short section located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the force transmission cylinder, or the transmission short section located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the bearing body.
The composite guide drilling tool comprises a transmission short section and a transmission short section, wherein the deflection angle between every two adjacent transmission short sections is 0.5-8 degrees.
The composite guide drilling tool is characterized in that the transmission short joint is internally provided with at least one universal joint capable of transmitting rotary drilling power.
The composite guide drilling tool comprises a ball head and a ball socket, wherein the outer surface of the ball head is provided with a torque transmission groove, and the inner surface of the ball socket is fixedly provided with a transmission pin, or the inner surface of the ball socket is provided with a torque transmission groove, the outer surface of the ball head is fixedly provided with a transmission pin, and the transmission pin is rotatably embedded in the torque transmission groove.
The composite pilot drilling tool as described above, wherein the distance between two adjacent gimbals is less than 1 m.
The composite guide drilling tool as described above, wherein the minimum distance between the deflection centers of two adjacent transmission nipples is less than 5 times the diameter of the drill bit.
The combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a bearing body, wherein an electric drive actuator and a hydraulic flow divider are arranged in the bearing body, the electric drive actuator is connected with the hydraulic flow divider, and each drive hydraulic cylinder can be communicated with the hydraulic flow divider through a communication flow passage.
The combined type guiding drilling tool as described above, wherein the electric drive actuator is an electric motor, the electric motor includes an electric motor stator and an electric motor rotor, the hydraulic flow divider is a rotary valve, the rotary valve includes a rotary valve stator and a valve core, the valve core is coupled to the electric motor rotor, the rotary valve stator is provided with a plurality of liquid supply windows respectively corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinders, the liquid supply windows and the driving hydraulic cylinders can be communicated through the communication flow channel, and the valve core can control the connection and disconnection of the liquid supply windows and the through flow channel.
The composite steering well tool as described above, wherein the hydraulic flow diverter includes at least one directional control valve, and the electrically driven actuator includes a swing motor disposed corresponding to the directional control valve, and the swing motor drives the directional control valve to reciprocate through a lead screw.
The composite guide drilling tool comprises a hydraulic flow divider, a hydraulic actuator and an electric drive actuator, wherein the hydraulic flow divider comprises at least one reversing valve, the electric drive actuator comprises an electromagnet which is arranged corresponding to the reversing valve, and the electromagnet is connected with the reversing valve and can drive the reversing valve to open and close.
The composite steerable drilling tool as described above, wherein the upper end of the drive string is connected to a power supply sub that is electrically connected to the electrically driven actuator via an electrical line.
The compound steerable drilling tool as described above, wherein a relay communication device is connected to the upper end of the drive string, the relay communication device being electrically connected to the electrical circuit.
The composite guide drilling tool is characterized in that a measuring device is arranged in the bearing body, and the measuring device comprises an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope.
The composite pilot drilling tool as described above, wherein the measurement device further comprises a measurement circuit fabricated using a thick film circuit process.
The composite guide drilling tool comprises a transmission short joint, a transmission short joint and a transmission device, wherein the transmission short joint is arranged at the bottom of the transmission short joint, and the transmission short joint is connected with the transmission device.
The composite guided drilling tool as described above, wherein the composite guided drilling tool further includes a second centralizer, and the second centralizer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the force transmission cylinder, or the second centralizer is disposed on the outer side of the bearing body and above the force transmission cylinder.
The composite guide drilling tool as described above, wherein the piston structure accommodating cavity and the bearing body are an integral structure.
The invention also provides a combined type guiding drilling method, which comprises the following steps:
a whipstock is put into the hole to carry out lateral drilling, and the inclined plane of the whipstock faces to the azimuth direction of the main borehole;
and (3) running the composite guide drilling tool to drill the extended well section, wherein the whipstock can support the composite guide drilling tool in the main well bore.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the combined type guiding drilling tool and the method, the driving hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, so that the size of rotary guiding is greatly reduced, and rotary guiding can be accurately controlled, so that the trafficability of the combined type rotary guiding tool in a high-curvature well bore can be improved, and the combined type rotary guiding tool can be used for continuously drilling a short-extremely short-radius well section through the bottom of a main well bore or any other position in the lateral direction so as to realize extension of a controllable track;
the combined type guiding well drilling tool and the method realize the directional well drilling of the short-radius drill column under the rotation condition by driving the drill column, effectively solve the problem of well bore extension of a short-extremely short-radius well, and have engineering feasibility and practical value for the combined development of the short-radius directional well drilling technology on multilayer oil and gas resources, the development of thin oil and gas layers, the excavation and potential of residual oil, the development of coal bed gas and the development of other types of minerals;
the combined type guiding drilling tool and the method can reduce the condition that the driving drill column generates violent vibration in a borehole to generate impact force to damage the borehole wall.
The combined type guiding well drilling tool and the method adopt the thick film circuit process to manufacture the measuring circuit, can reduce the size of the measuring circuit to the maximum extent, and improve the vibration resistance of the measuring circuit.
The combined type guiding drilling tool and the method limit the relative position and the diameter of a hinge point of the transmission short joint, the driving hydraulic cylinder and the drill bit so as to meet the requirement of high-curvature well holes on the trafficability of the tool.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the construction of the composite pilot drilling tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of the execution short section;
FIG. 3 is a second structural diagram of the execution short section;
figure 4 is a third structural schematic diagram of the execution short joint.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. a force transfer cylinder; 11. a first centralizer; 12. a second centralizer;
2. a load-bearing body; 21. driving the hydraulic cylinder; 211. a piston structure accommodating cavity; 212. a drive piston structure; 22. an electrically driven actuator; 221. a motor stator; 222. a motor rotor; 223. a swing motor; 224. an electromagnet; 23. a hydraulic flow divider; 231. a rotary valve stator; 232. a valve core; 233. a diverter valve; 24. communicating the flow channels; 25. a lead screw; 26. a measuring device; 27. a measurement circuit; 28. a first path; 29. a second path;
3. an internal hinge structure;
4. a drill bit;
5. an annular active space;
6. driving the drill string; 61. a transmission short section; 611. a through hole; 62. a through flow channel; 63. a universal joint; 631. a ball head; 632. a ball socket; 64. a power supply nipple; 65. an electrical line; 66. a relay communication device.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical solution, the purpose and the effect of the present invention, a detailed description of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Where adjective or adverbial modifiers "upper" and "lower", "longitudinal" and "lateral", "front" and "back", "top" and "bottom", "inner" and "outer" are used merely to facilitate relative reference between groups of terms, and do not describe any particular directional limitation on the modified terms. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a composite guiding drilling tool, which comprises a guiding short section, wherein the guiding short section comprises a force transmission cylinder 1 and a bearing body 2, the bearing body 2 is arranged inside the force transmission cylinder 1, namely, the bearing body 2 is inserted inside the force transmission cylinder 1, the upper part of the bearing body 2 is hinged with the force transmission cylinder 1 through an internal hinge structure 3, at the moment, the length of the bearing body 2 is less than that of the force transmission cylinder 1, or the upper part of the force transmission cylinder 1 is hinged with the bearing body 2 through the internal hinge structure 3, at the moment, the length of the bearing body 2 is greater than that of the force transmission cylinder 1, so that the bearing body 2 and the force transmission cylinder 1 can deflect relatively, the lower end of the bearing body 2 is connected with a drill bit 4, the axis of the drill bit 4 can deflect towards the guiding direction by taking the internal hinge structure 3 as the center, an annular movable space 5 is arranged between the force transmission cylinder 1 and the bearing body 2, the lower part of bearing body 2 is equipped with the drive pneumatic cylinder 21 that three at least groups intervals set up along circumference, and the preferred, each drive pneumatic cylinder 21 evenly arranges along the circumference that bears body 2, and drive pneumatic cylinder 21 is including setting up piston structure holding chamber 211 in the outer wall that bears body 2 and setting up the drive piston structure 212 in piston structure holding chamber 211, and drive piston structure 212 can promote biography power section of thick bamboo 1 and bear body 2 relative motion, makes the drill bit 4 side direction cutting symmetry position's of the lower extreme that bears body 2 stratum.
According to the combined type guiding drilling tool, the driving hydraulic cylinder 21 is arranged between the force transmission cylinder 1 and the bearing body 2, so that the size of rotary guiding is greatly reduced, and rotary guiding can be accurately controlled, so that the trafficability of the combined type rotary guiding tool in a high-curvature well bore can be improved, and the combined type rotary guiding drilling tool can be used for drilling a short-extremely short-radius well section laterally through the bottom of a main well bore or any other position so as to continuously drill the short-extremely short-radius well section laterally, and further realize extension of a controllable track.
Furthermore, the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission cylinder 1 is circumferentially connected with a plurality of first centralizers 11 arranged at intervals, the force transmission cylinder 1 can drive the first centralizers 11 to abut against the well wall, and the distance between the force transmission point of the force transmission cylinder 1 for transmitting thrust to the well wall and the drill bit 4 can be reduced by changing the position of the first centralizers 11, so that the phenomenon that the diameter expansion interference at the rear part of the drill bit 4 is overcome to drive the piston structure 212 for transmitting the pushing force to the well wall is facilitated.
Further, combined type direction drilling tool still includes drive drill string 6, drive drill string 6 includes a plurality of transmission nipple joints 61 that from top to bottom articulate in proper order, transmission nipple joint 61 is used for assuming the moment of torsion, the inside of each transmission nipple joint 61 all is equipped with perforating hole 611, a plurality of perforating holes 611 communicate in proper order and form the through flow channel 62 that is used for the circulation of drilling circulation medium, through flow channel 62 forms the mainstream canal that supplies the circulation of drilling circulation medium to realize the circulation of drilling circulation medium in the drive drill string 6, be located the transmission nipple joint 61 of the below and the upper end fixed connection of biography power tube 1, or, be located the transmission nipple joint 61 of the below and the upper end fixed connection who bears body 2, so that drive drill string 6 can be for the power of the rotatory drilling of drill bit 4 transmission.
In use, the driving drill string 6 is guided in a rotating state in the short-radius borehole, and under the condition that the driving drill string 6 is generally rotating in the directional drilling process, the main force component of the friction force is the circumferential tangential direction of the driving drill string 6, so that the axial friction force is greatly reduced, and the track control in the short-radius borehole is realized.
It should be noted that the sum of the lengths of the short-extremely short radius well sections that can be drilled by the composite pilot drilling tool does not exceed the sum of the lengths of the drill bit 4, the pilot sub and the drive string 6.
Further, the deflection angle between two adjacent transmission short joints 61 is 0.5-8 degrees to prevent each transmission short joint 61 from excessively bending in the transmission process of the weight-on-bit torque so as to hinder the transmission of the weight-on-bit torque, and when the corner between two adjacent transmission short joints 61 reaches the deflection limit, the minimum curvature radius formed by the lateral drilling section should be larger than or equal to the preset short-extremely short radius well section.
Furthermore, at least one universal joint 63 capable of transmitting rotary drilling power is arranged inside the transmission short section 61, the distance between two adjacent universal joints 63 is less than 1m, so that the section from the drill bit 4 to the uppermost transmission short section 61 can reach enough curvature to complete short-radius well drilling, and deflection is realized to the maximum extent, in addition, under the condition of the same deflecting performance or the same high-curvature well bore trafficability, the length of each transmission short section 61 is shortened, namely the distance between two deflection points is shortened, the deflection limit of each deflection point short section can be reduced, so that the effects of protecting the transmission short section 61 from being damaged and reducing downhole vibration are achieved, and particularly the universal joint 63 used for transmitting rotary drilling power in the transmission short section 61 is protected from being damaged.
Generally, the distance between two adjacent universal joints 63 is less than 0.4 meter, so that the guide short joint can pass through the short-extremely short radius well section and then complete the drilling of the extended well section of the short-extremely short radius well section; the purpose of limiting the distance between the individual universal joints 63 driving the drill string 6 is to: the transmission short joints 61 are prevented from excessively buckling in the process of transmitting the weight-on-bit torque, so that the transmission of the weight-on-bit torque is prevented, and the driving drill string 6 is prevented from excessively buckling to interfere with the guide short joint to control the track of the well; it should be noted that, in the process of drilling a short-radius extended well section, the driving drill string 6 always has a small section located in the short-very short-radius well section, so that the drilling tool is excessively bent if the preset deflection limit angle between two adjacent driving short joints 61 is too large, which affects the high-throughput guidance execution device to control the well track, and the preset deflection limit angle is too small, which results in the problem that the drilling tool cannot smoothly pass through the short-very short-radius well section, generally, in order to further increase the stability of the transmission of the weight-on-bit torque and improve the power transmission efficiency of the rotary drilling, the deflection angle between the driving short joints 61 should be controlled within 3 °.
Still further, universal joint 63 includes bulb 631 and ball socket 632, and the surface of bulb 631 is equipped with the torque transmission groove, and the internal surface of ball socket 632 is fixed and is equipped with the transmission pin, and perhaps, the internal surface of ball socket 632 is equipped with the torque transmission groove, and the external surface of bulb 631 is fixed and is equipped with the transmission pin, and the transmission pin can be pivoted inlay and locate the torque transmission inslot, realizes the torque transmission through the cooperation of transmission pin and torque transmission groove.
Or the universal joint 63 is a constant velocity universal joint 63 to avoid the rotating speed inconsistency of the power input end and the power output end, and prevent the rotating speed fluctuation of the output end of the driving drill string 6 from causing adverse effects on the guiding precision of the guiding nipple.
Of course, the universal joint 63 may be any other conventional structure capable of transmitting torque, for example, the ball 631 and the socket 632 may be engaged with each other by a spline or a spline.
Further, the minimum distance between the deflection centers of two adjacent transmission short joints 61 is less than 5 times of the diameter of the drill bit 4, the distance between each hinge point can be reduced, and when the driving drill string 6 vibrates, an overlong force arm cannot be formed at two ends of each hinge point, so that the hinge point is broken.
Further, an electric drive actuator 22 and a hydraulic flow divider 23 are arranged in the bearing body 2, the electric drive actuator 22 is connected with the hydraulic flow divider 23, each drive hydraulic cylinder 21 can be respectively communicated with the hydraulic flow divider 23 through a communication flow passage 24, the electric drive actuator 22 can drive the hydraulic flow divider 23 to distribute hydraulic fluid for each drive hydraulic cylinder 21 and distribute hydraulic fluid to each drive hydraulic cylinder 21, and therefore the hydraulic pressure receiving state of each drive piston structure 212 is controlled.
It should be noted that the source of the hydraulic force may be a hydraulic power system, or a drilling fluid in the main flow passage, in this embodiment, the pressure is derived from a pressure difference between the main flow passage and the borehole annulus, and a large pressure drop is generated during the process of flowing the drilling circulation medium from the main flow passage into the borehole annulus through the water hole of the drill bit 4 provided on the drill bit 4, and this pressure drop is the pressure required for driving the piston structure 212.
The driving piston structure 212 comprises a piston structure and a plunger structure, and if the piston structure or the plunger structure is adopted to directly push against the well wall, an independent pushing piece is not needed, namely, the hydraulic pressure in the piston structure accommodating cavity 211 is utilized to directly push the driving piston structure 212, so that the driving piston structure 212 pushes against the well wall to transfer thrust.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the electrically driven actuator 22 is an electric motor, the electric motor includes an electric motor stator 221 and an electric motor rotor 222, the hydraulic flow divider 23 is a rotary valve, the rotary valve includes a rotary valve stator 231 and a valve core 232, the valve core 232 is coupled to the electric motor rotor 222, that is, during the pilot drilling process, the electric motor rotor 222 can drive the valve core 232 to rotate relative to the rotary valve stator 231, the rotary valve stator 231 is provided with a plurality of liquid supply windows respectively corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinders 21, the liquid supply windows can be communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21 through the communication flow channels 24, the valve core 232 can control the opening and closing of each liquid supply window and the through flow channel 62, specifically, the driving piston structures 212 are pushed by the hydraulic fluid under the liquid distribution effect of the hydraulic flow divider 23 to push against the force transmission cylinder 1 along the radial direction of the pilot pup joint, the force transmission cylinder 1 pushes against the borehole wall, each driving piston structure 212 periodically pushes against the borehole wall along the borehole wall to generate resultant force, so as to deflect the drill 4, to complete the guided drilling operation, preferably, the valve core 232 is disposed at the end of the guide short section and located at one side of each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 away from the driving drill string 6, so as to shorten the length of the bearing body 2 to the maximum extent, thereby facilitating the composite guided drilling tool to pass through a short-extremely short radius well section with higher curvature.
In the guiding process, the hydraulic flow divider 23 is driven by the electric actuator 22 to enable the liquid supply end on the valve core 232 of the hydraulic flow divider 23 to face the opposite direction of the guiding direction so as to provide high-pressure fluid to the driving piston structure 212 in the sector where the valve core 232 is located in the opposite direction of the guiding direction, so that the equivalent overflowing area of the liquid supply window on the valve core 232 and the equivalent overflowing area of the liquid supply window to the through flow channel 62 are larger than that of the bypass throttling structure, at this time, the driving piston structure 212 can drive the force transmission cylinder 1 to push against the well wall along the radial direction, and on the contrary, the fluid in each piston structure accommodating cavity 211 in the sector where the guiding direction is located is discharged from the bypass throttling structure; the sector where the guiding direction is located refers to a range which does not exceed +/-90 degrees of the guiding direction.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic flow divider 23 includes at least one direction switching valve 233, the electrically driven actuator 22 includes a swing motor 223 disposed corresponding to the direction switching valve 233, the swing motor 223 drives the direction switching valve 233 to reciprocate through the lead screw 25, specifically, the electrically driven actuator 22 includes a plurality of swing motors 223 disposed corresponding to the respective driving hydraulic cylinders 21 one by one and capable of reciprocating, the hydraulic flow divider 23 includes direction switching valves 233 disposed corresponding to the respective swing motors 223 one by one, the swing motors convert the rotation motion into the reciprocating motion capable of driving the direction switching valve 233 to implement the control of the direction switching valve 233 through the lead screw 25 or the gear rack, the direction switching valves 233 as the hydraulic flow divider 23 perform the motion under the control of the control circuit 7 to implement the opening and closing between the first passage 28 and the second passage 29, the specific guiding manner is substantially the same as that of the above embodiments, and is not described herein.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the hydraulic flow divider 23 includes at least one direction switching valve 233, the electrically-driven actuator 22 includes an electromagnet 224 disposed corresponding to the direction switching valve 233, the electromagnet 224 is connected to the direction switching valve 233 and can drive the direction switching valve 233 to open and close, specifically, the electrically-driven actuator includes a plurality of electromagnets 224 disposed corresponding to the respective driving hydraulic cylinders 21 one by one, the hydraulic flow divider 23 includes a plurality of direction switching valves 233 disposed corresponding to the electromagnets 224 one by one, the electromagnets 224 are electrically connected to the control circuit 7, and the direction switching valve 233 is driven under the control of the control circuit 7 to open and close the first passage 28 and the second passage 29, the first passage 28 is communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21, the second passage 29 is communicated with the through flow passage 62, when the electromagnet 224 opens the passage of the valve, the high-pressure drilling fluid in the through flow passage 62 can be periodically communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21, specifically, the control circuit 7 opens a passage of the reversing valve 233 corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinder 21 which is not located in the guiding direction, so that the high-pressure fluid in the through flow passage 62 flows into the driving hydraulic cylinder 21 through the reversing valve 233, and a large pressure difference is generated between the inside and the outside of the driving piston structure 212, so that the driving piston structure 212 pushes against the well wall to generate guiding thrust; correspondingly, the reversing valve 233 corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinder 21 in the area of the guiding direction is in a closed state, at this time, the drilling fluid is discharged out of the piston structure through the throttling structure, no thrust is generated, the drilling fluid in the through flow channel 62 is periodically distributed to each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 under the control of the electromagnet 224 along with the rotation of the drill string, and the resultant force generated by each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 pushing against the well wall along the radial direction of the driving hydraulic cylinder respectively deflects the drill bit 4, so that the purpose of changing the track of the well hole is achieved.
It should be noted that any equivalent substitution of the electrically driven actuator 22 and the hydraulic diverter 23 by any means is within the scope of the present invention, with the problem addressed by the present invention being the realization of short-very short radius steerable drilling and continued drilling of extended boreholes.
Further, an electric power supply sub 64 is connected to the upper end of the driving drill string 6, the electric power supply sub 64 includes a battery and/or a downhole generator, and the electric power supply sub 64 is electrically connected to the electrically driven actuator 22 through an electric line 65 to supply power to the electrically driven actuator 22.
Further, a relay communication device 66 is connected to the upper end of the drive string 6, and the relay communication device 66 is electrically connected to the electric line 65. Specifically, electric circuit 65 is connected to relay communication device's one end electricity, and relay communication device 66's the other end can carry out remote communication with the wellhead end, has realized through relay communication device 66 that ground device or personnel realize the control to the direction function and the gesture of direction nipple joint, better realization controllable orbit's function.
Further, a measuring device 26 is disposed in the bearing body 2, the measuring device 26 includes an acceleration sensor and/or a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope, and preferably, the measuring device 26 includes at least a three-axis acceleration sensor and a three-axis magnetic sensor, so as to measure the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the toolface angle of the guide sub.
Still further, the measuring device 26 further comprises a measuring circuit 27 manufactured by a thick film circuit process, and the measuring circuit 27 comprises at least one digital chip so as to be capable of resolving the tool attitude near the drill 4.
Further, the second centralizer 12 is connected to the outside of the lowermost transmission short section 61, and the combined action of the second centralizer 12 and the drill bit 4 can furthest reduce the influence of the large-amplitude swing of the drilling tool caused by the forward and backward first universal joints 63 on the measurement accuracy of the measurement device 26.
Or, the composite guide drilling tool further comprises a second centralizer 12, the second centralizer 12 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the force transmission cylinder 1, or the second centralizer 12 is arranged on the outer side of the bearing body 2 and located above the force transmission cylinder 1, the second centralizer 12 enables the guide short section to be elastically connected with the driving drill string 6 connected behind the guide short section, and the guide short section and the driving drill string 6 connected behind the guide short section tend to keep coaxial.
Further, the piston structure accommodating cavity 211 and the bearing body 2 are of an integral structure, so as to facilitate processing and manufacturing.
In the present invention, the rotation means rotation around its axis.
The circuit board, the circuit module, the control circuit and the like described in the invention all need to be protected by the pressure-bearing shell under the general conditions, or are arranged in the accommodating cavity of the metal structure of the instrument, and certain sealing measures are needed to prevent the fluid in the well from contacting the circuit board.
The invention also provides a combined type guiding drilling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 210: the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting a whipstock into the well to perform lateral drilling, enabling a slope making surface of the whipstock to face the azimuth angle direction of a main well bore, specifically, driving a drill bit 4 through a section of flexible drill rod with a specific length by using a conventional drill column, so that the drill bit 4 completes the lateral drilling of a short-extremely short radius well section under the action of the oblique force and the drilling pressure provided by the whipstock, wherein the lengths of the flexible drill rod and the drill bit 4 are not less than the length of the short-extremely short radius well section;
step 220: and when the main well bore is a slant well and the azimuth angle of the main well bore is different from that of the branch well bore, gradually changing the azimuth angle of the extension well bore in the process of drilling the extension well bore so as to gradually reach an ideal angle.
It should be noted that, in some special cases, for example, when performing windowing sidetrack drilling in a well section in which the main wellbore changes in inclination and azimuth simultaneously, a cylindrical coordinate system is established in the main wellbore at the windowing point, the direction with the largest total angular change rate is taken for windowing, further drilling in a short to extremely short radius is completed, further, drilling in an extended well section is completed, and in the process of drilling the extended well section, the direction of the extended well section is gradually closed to the design direction of the extended well section.
In summary, the composite steering drilling tool and the method of the invention greatly reduce the size of the rotary steering by arranging the driving hydraulic cylinder between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, and can precisely control the rotary steering, thereby improving the trafficability of the composite rotary steering tool in a high-curvature well bore, and being used for drilling a short-extremely short-radius well section laterally through the bottom of the main well bore or any other position so as to continuously drill the well section laterally to realize the extension of a controllable track;
the combined type guiding well drilling tool and the method realize the directional well drilling of the short-radius drill column under the rotation condition by driving the drill column, effectively solve the problem of well bore extension of a short-extremely short-radius well, and have engineering feasibility and practical value for the combined development of the short-radius directional well drilling technology on multilayer oil and gas resources, the development of thin oil and gas layers, the excavation and potential of residual oil, the development of coal bed gas and the development of other types of minerals;
the combined type guiding drilling tool and the method can reduce the condition that the driving drill column generates violent vibration in a borehole to generate impact force to damage the borehole wall.
The combined type guiding well drilling tool and the method adopt the thick film circuit process to manufacture the measuring circuit, can reduce the size of the measuring circuit to the maximum extent, and improve the vibration resistance of the measuring circuit.
The combined type guiding drilling tool and the method limit the relative position and the diameter of a hinge point of the transmission short joint, the driving hydraulic cylinder and the drill bit so as to meet the requirement of high-curvature well holes on the trafficability of the tool.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that the components of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned whole application, and various technical features described in the present specification can be selected to be used alone or in combination according to actual needs, so that the present invention naturally covers other combinations and specific applications related to the invention.
Claims (20)
1. The composite guiding drilling tool is characterized by comprising a force transmission cylinder and a bearing body, wherein the bearing body is arranged inside the force transmission cylinder, and the upper part of the bearing body is hinged with the force transmission cylinder through an internal hinge structure, or the upper part of the force transmission cylinder is hinged with the bearing body through an internal hinge structure; the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the bearing body, an annular movable space is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, and a deflection guide mechanism is arranged in the annular movable space and can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively.
2. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 1,
the deflection guide mechanism comprises at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction at the lower part of the bearing body, each driving hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston structure accommodating cavity arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body and a driving piston structure arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavity, and the driving piston structure can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively; the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission cylinder is connected with a first centralizer along the circumferential direction, and the force transmission cylinder can drive the first centralizer to abut against the well wall.
3. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 1,
the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a driving drill string, the driving drill string comprises a plurality of transmission short sections which are sequentially hinged from top to bottom, through holes are formed in the transmission short sections, the through holes are sequentially communicated to form a through flow channel for circulation of drilling circulation media, the transmission short section which is located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the force transmission cylinder, or the transmission short section which is located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the bearing body.
4. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 3,
the deflection angle between two adjacent transmission short sections is 0.5-8 degrees.
5. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 3,
and at least one universal joint capable of transmitting rotary drilling power is arranged in the transmission short section.
6. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 5,
the universal joint comprises a ball head and a ball socket, wherein a torque transmission groove is formed in the outer surface of the ball head, a transmission pin is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the ball socket, or the torque transmission groove is formed in the inner surface of the ball socket, the transmission pin is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the ball head, and the transmission pin can be rotatably embedded in the torque transmission groove.
7. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 5,
the distance between two adjacent universal joints is less than 1 m.
8. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 3,
the minimum distance between the deflection centers of two adjacent transmission short joints is less than 5 times of the diameter of the drill bit.
9. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 3,
an electric drive actuator and a hydraulic flow divider are arranged in the bearing body, the electric drive actuator is connected with the hydraulic flow divider, and each drive hydraulic cylinder can be respectively communicated with the hydraulic flow divider through a communication flow passage.
10. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 9,
the electric drive actuator is an electric motor, the electric motor comprises an electric motor stator and an electric motor rotor, the hydraulic flow divider is a rotary valve, the rotary valve comprises a rotary valve stator and a valve core, the valve core is coupled with the electric motor rotor, a plurality of liquid supply windows which are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the driving hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the rotary valve stator, the liquid supply windows and the driving hydraulic cylinders can be communicated through the communication flow channels, and the valve core can control the connection and disconnection of the liquid supply windows and the communication flow channels.
11. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 9,
the hydraulic flow divider comprises at least one reversing valve, the electric drive actuator comprises a swing motor which is arranged corresponding to the reversing valve, and the swing motor drives the reversing valve to reciprocate through a lead screw.
12. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 9,
the hydraulic flow divider comprises at least one reversing valve, the electric drive actuator comprises an electromagnet which is arranged corresponding to the reversing valve, and the electromagnet is connected with the reversing valve and can drive the reversing valve to open and close.
13. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 9,
the upper end of the driving drill string is connected with a power supply short joint which is electrically connected with the electric driving actuator through an electric circuit.
14. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 13,
the upper end of the driving drill column is connected with a relay communication device, and the relay communication device is electrically connected with the electric circuit.
15. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 3,
the bearing body is internally provided with a measuring device, and the measuring device comprises an acceleration sensor and/or a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope.
16. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 15,
the measuring device also comprises a measuring circuit manufactured by adopting a thick film circuit process.
17. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 15,
and a second centralizer is connected to the outside of the lowest transmission short section.
18. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 2 or 3,
the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a second centralizer, wherein the second centralizer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the force transmission cylinder, or the second centralizer is arranged on the outer side of the bearing body and located above the force transmission cylinder.
19. The composite pilot drilling tool of claim 2,
the piston structure accommodating cavity and the bearing body are of an integrated structure.
20. A method of compound steerable drilling, the method comprising:
a whipstock is put into the hole to carry out lateral drilling, and the inclined plane of the whipstock faces to the azimuth direction of the main borehole;
drilling an extended length of well by running the composite guided drilling tool of any of claims 1-19, the whipstock being capable of supporting the composite guided drilling tool within the main wellbore.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110814025.5A CN113404429B (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Composite steering drilling tool and method |
| CA3189150A CA3189150A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short-radius trajectory-controllable drilling tool and combined type steerable drilling tool |
| US18/020,885 US20240263519A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short-radius trajectory-controllable drilling tool and combined type steerable drilling tool |
| PCT/CN2021/123139 WO2022033610A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short radius, controllable track drilling tool and composite guiding and drilling tool |
| AU2021326249A AU2021326249B2 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short radius, controllable track drilling tool and composite guiding and drilling tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110814025.5A CN113404429B (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Composite steering drilling tool and method |
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| CN113404429A true CN113404429A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
| CN113404429B CN113404429B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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| WO2022033610A1 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2022-02-17 | 万晓跃 | Short radius, controllable track drilling tool and composite guiding and drilling tool |
| CN114991684A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-02 | 四川中安嘉盛石油科技有限公司 | Flexible nipple for rotary steering drilling and mounting method thereof |
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