CN113404429B - Composite steering drilling tool and method - Google Patents
Composite steering drilling tool and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113404429B CN113404429B CN202110814025.5A CN202110814025A CN113404429B CN 113404429 B CN113404429 B CN 113404429B CN 202110814025 A CN202110814025 A CN 202110814025A CN 113404429 B CN113404429 B CN 113404429B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/024—Determining slope or direction of devices in the borehole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/067—Deflecting the direction of boreholes with means for locking sections of a pipe or of a guide for a shaft in angular relation, e.g. adjustable bent sub
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a combined type guiding drilling tool and a method, wherein the combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a force transmission cylinder and a bearing body, the bearing body is arranged in the force transmission cylinder, the bearing body is hinged with the force transmission cylinder through an inner hinge structure, the lower end of the bearing body is connected with a drill bit, an annular movable space is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders which are arranged at intervals are arranged at the lower part of the bearing body along the circumferential direction, each driving hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston structure accommodating cavity arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body and a driving piston structure arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavity, the driving piston structure can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively, and the force transmission cylinder can prop against a well wall. According to the invention, the driving hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, so that the rotation guide size is greatly reduced, and the rotation guide can be accurately controlled, thereby realizing the extension of the controllable track.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of drilling technology and oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a composite steering drilling tool and a composite steering drilling method.
Background
The control of the exploitation cost is always the target pursued by oil and gas drilling, along with the development of unconventional oil and gas fields, the requirement on drilling equipment is higher and higher, and an automatic and intelligent efficient drilling technology becomes a mainstream technology for reducing the cost and improving the efficiency; in addition, drilling techniques have a great deal of application in the field of geological engineering and in the field of mineral exploitation.
Rotary steerable drilling is currently the most representative and advanced drilling technique in the world, and rotary steerable systems (RSS, rotary Steerable Systems) are divided into the following four types according to the manner in which the downhole tool system operates: static bias push, dynamic bias push, static bias directed, and dynamic bias directed. The static bias pushing type rotary guide and the static bias pointing type rotary guide actuating mechanism do not rotate along with the drill string, and are easy to meet the clamping group; and the guiding executing mechanism of the dynamic offset rotary guiding is complex, the build rate is difficult to improve, and the trafficability in a high-curvature well bore is poor.
Laterally drilling branch wells at any position in the existing main well bore with a short-very short radius, and then continuously extending the branch well bore in a direction different from the well shaft of the main well bore or extending the well bore in a direction different from the well shaft of the main well bore by a short-very short radius deflecting technology at the tail end of the existing well bore; in general, the dimension range of the very short radius is in the order of "meters" and the short radius is in the order of 10 to 60 meters, with the minimum turning radius of the whipstock section of the very short radius well being less than 10 meters, and the very short radius drilling including effecting drilling of a high curvature section having a turning radius of less than 10 meters and/or continuing the drilling operation through a high curvature section having a turning radius of less than 1 meter to complete its extended section.
The method is characterized in that a coiled tubing is adopted to transmit a bent joint screw motor to realize middle-short radius controllable track sidetrack drilling, but the directional mode is sliding guide, the whole drill string does not rotate, a drilling circulation medium drives a drill bit to rotate, well inclination and azimuth performance of a drilling tool are changed through change of a tool face angle of the bent joint, limitations such as non-rotation of the drilling tool during directional operation, incapability of completing short radius directional drilling operation and the like exist, well track precision is poor, and the coiled tubing has inherent disadvantages of incapability of rotating, low strength and the like, a pipe column is easy to break and is not suitable for bearing high torque, the diameter of a drilled hole is too small, the basic requirement of oil and gas reservoir development on oil and gas well diversion capability cannot be met, so the method is almost incapable of short radius sidetrack drilling, and the method is more incapable of working in the category of ultra-short radius and ultra-short radius sidetrack drilling with a turning radius smaller than 10 m.
Another method for realizing short-short radius lateral drilling is to drive a drill bit to drill through a flexible drill rod to realize short-short radius lateral drilling, namely, a short drill rod with a single section of length less than 1.5 meters is connected with a flexible drill string in series, the adjacent short drill rods depend on a ball head and a ball bowl to transfer tensile force, and depend on a spline arranged between the ball head and the ball bowl to transfer torque, and the drill bit at the bottom is driven to rotate through the flexible drill string to realize rock breaking; the method can realize short-extremely short radius sidetracking by means of the deflecting action of the whipstock, however, the method cannot realize the control of the borehole track and obtain the borehole track with certain precision in the process of extending the borehole, the borehole buckling is serious, the drilling of a drill bit is hindered, and the borehole track with uncontrollable distortion is difficult to meet the field requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary steerable composite steerable drilling tool that can be precisely controlled.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite steerable drilling method employing the composite steerable drilling tool described above.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a composite guiding drilling tool, which comprises a force transmission cylinder and a bearing body, wherein the bearing body is arranged in the force transmission cylinder, the upper part of the bearing body is hinged with the force transmission cylinder through an inner hinge structure, or the upper part of the force transmission cylinder is hinged with the bearing body through an inner hinge structure; the lower extreme of bearing the body is connected with the drill bit, the power transmission section of thick bamboo with bear and be provided with annular movable space between the body, be provided with deflection guiding mechanism in the annular movable space, deflection guiding mechanism can promote the power transmission section of thick bamboo with bear the body relative motion.
The combined type guiding drilling tool comprises the deflection guiding mechanism, wherein the lower part of the bearing body is provided with at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, each driving hydraulic cylinder comprises a piston structure accommodating cavity arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body and a driving piston structure arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavity, and the driving piston structure can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively; the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission cylinder is connected with a first centralizer along the circumferential direction, and the force transmission cylinder can drive the first centralizer to abut against a well wall.
The composite steering drilling tool comprises a driving drill stem, wherein the driving drill stem comprises a plurality of transmission pup joints which are sequentially hinged from top to bottom, through holes are formed in the transmission pup joints, the through holes are sequentially communicated to form a through runner for circulating drilling medium, and the transmission pup joint located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the force transmission barrel, or the transmission pup joint located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the bearing body.
The composite steering drilling tool comprises the transmission pup joint, wherein the deflection angle between two adjacent transmission pup joints is 0.5-8 degrees.
The composite steering drilling tool comprises a transmission nipple, wherein the transmission nipple is internally provided with at least one universal joint capable of transmitting rotary drilling power.
The combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a ball head and a ball socket, wherein the outer surface of the ball head is provided with a torque transmission groove, and the inner surface of the ball socket is fixedly provided with a transmission pin, or the inner surface of the ball socket is provided with a torque transmission groove, the outer surface of the ball head is fixedly provided with a transmission pin, and the transmission pin can be rotationally embedded in the torque transmission groove.
A composite steerable drilling tool as described above wherein the distance between two adjacent said gimbals is less than 1m.
A composite steerable drilling tool as in above, wherein the minimum distance between the centers of deflection of adjacent two of the drive subs is less than 5 times the diameter of the drill bit.
The combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a bearing body, wherein an electric driving actuator and a hydraulic flow divider are arranged in the bearing body, the electric driving actuator is connected with the hydraulic flow divider, and each driving hydraulic cylinder can be communicated with the hydraulic flow divider through a communication flow passage respectively.
The combined type guiding drilling tool comprises a motor, wherein the motor comprises a motor stator and a motor rotor, the hydraulic shunt is a rotary valve, the rotary valve comprises a rotary valve stator and a valve core, the valve core is coupled with the motor rotor, a plurality of liquid supply windows which are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each driving hydraulic cylinder are arranged on the rotary valve stator, the liquid supply windows are communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders through communication flow passages, and the valve core can control the on-off of each liquid supply window and the through flow passages.
The combined pilot drilling tool as described above, wherein the hydraulic diverter includes at least one reversing valve, and the electrically driven actuator includes a swing motor disposed in correspondence with the reversing valve, the swing motor driving the reversing valve to reciprocate by a lead screw.
The combined steering drilling tool as described above, wherein the hydraulic diverter comprises at least one reversing valve, and the electrically driven actuator comprises an electromagnet disposed in correspondence with the reversing valve, the electromagnet being connected to the reversing valve and being capable of driving the opening and closing of the reversing valve.
The composite steerable drilling tool as described above, wherein the upper end of the drive drill string is connected with a power supply nipple, which is electrically connected to the electrically driven actuator by an electrical line.
The composite steerable drilling tool as described above, wherein the upper end of the drive string is connected with a relay communication device, the relay communication device being electrically connected with the electrical circuit.
A composite steerable drilling tool as described above, wherein the carrier body is provided with a measurement device therein, the measurement device comprising an acceleration sensor and/or a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope.
A composite steerable drilling tool as described above wherein the measurement device further comprises a measurement circuit fabricated using a thick film circuit process.
A composite steerable drilling tool as in above, wherein a second centralizer is connected to the exterior of the lowermost drive sub.
The combined type guiding drilling tool as described above, wherein the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a second centralizer, the second centralizer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the force transmission barrel, or the second centralizer is arranged on the outer side of the bearing body and located above the force transmission barrel.
The composite steering drilling tool as described above, wherein the piston structure receiving cavity is of unitary construction with the carrier body.
The invention also provides a composite steering drilling method, which comprises the following steps:
the oblique device is put into the drill pipe to drill laterally, and the oblique surface of the oblique device faces the azimuth direction of the main well hole;
and the combined steering drilling tool is put into the main well hole to drill an extended well section, and the whipstock can support the combined steering drilling tool in the main well hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the combined type guiding drilling tool and the method, the driving hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, so that the rotating guiding size is greatly reduced, and the rotating guiding can be accurately controlled, so that the trafficability of the combined type rotating guiding tool in a high-curvature well hole can be improved, and the combined type guiding drilling tool can be used for laterally drilling a short-extremely short radius well section through the bottom of a main well hole or any other position, and the well section can be continuously drilled laterally, so that the extension of a controllable track can be realized;
according to the combined type guiding drilling tool and method, the drilling string is driven to realize the directional drilling of the short-radius drilling string under the rotation condition, so that the problem of well extension of the short-extremely short-radius well is effectively solved, and the combined development of multi-layer oil and gas resources, the development of thin hydrocarbon reservoirs, the mining of residual oil, the development of coalbed methane and the development of other kinds of minerals are subjected to engineering feasibility and practical values by the short-radius directional drilling technology;
the combined type guiding drilling tool and the method can reduce the situation that the impact force generated by the severe vibration of the driving drill string in the well bore damages the well wall.
The invention adopts thick film circuit technique to manufacture the measuring circuit, which can reduce the size of the measuring circuit to the maximum extent and improve the vibration resistance of the measuring circuit.
According to the composite steering drilling tool and the method, the relative positions and diameters of the hinge point of the driving pup joint, the driving hydraulic cylinder and the drill bit are limited, so that the passing requirements of high-curvature well bores on the tool are met.
Drawings
The following drawings are only for purposes of illustration and explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a composite steerable drilling tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic illustration of an implementation nipple;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic illustration of an implementation nipple;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a third construction of an implementation nipple.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a force transmission cylinder; 11. a first centralizer; 12. a second centralizer;
2. a bearing body; 21. driving a hydraulic cylinder; 211. a piston structure receiving chamber; 212. a driving piston structure; 22. an electrically driven actuator; 221. a motor stator; 222. a motor rotor; 223. a swing motor; 224. an electromagnet; 23. a hydraulic diverter; 231. a rotary valve stator; 232. a valve core; 233. a reversing valve; 24. a communication flow channel; 25. a screw rod; 26. a measuring device; 27. a measurement circuit; 28. a first passage; 29. a second passage;
3. an inner hinge structure;
4. a drill bit;
5. an annular movable space;
6. driving the drill string; 61. a transmission nipple; 611. a through hole; 62. a through flow passage; 63. a universal joint; 631. ball head; 632. a ball socket; 64. a power supply nipple; 65. an electrical circuit; 66. relay communication device.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical solutions, objects and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein the adjective or adverb modifiers "upper" and "lower", "longitudinal" and "transverse", "front" and "rear", "top" and "bottom", "inner" and "outer" are used merely to facilitate relative reference between groups of terms, and do not describe any particular directional limitation on the modified term. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby features defining "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a composite steering drilling tool, which comprises a steering nipple, the steering nipple comprises a force transmission cylinder 1 and a bearing body 2, the bearing body 2 is arranged in the force transmission cylinder 1, namely, the bearing body 2 is inserted in the force transmission cylinder 1, the upper part of the bearing body 2 is hinged with the force transmission cylinder 1 through an inner hinge structure 3, at this time, the length of the bearing body 2 is smaller than the length of the force transmission cylinder 1, or the upper part of the force transmission cylinder 1 is hinged with the bearing body 2 through the inner hinge structure 3, at this time, the length of the bearing body 2 is larger than the length of the force transmission cylinder 1, so that the bearing body 2 and the force transmission cylinder 1 can deflect relatively, the lower end of the bearing body 2 is connected with a drill bit 4, the axis of the drill bit 4 can deflect towards the guiding direction by taking the inner hinge structure 3 as the center, an annular movable space 5 is arranged between the force transmission cylinder 1 and the bearing body 2, at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders 21 are arranged at intervals on the lower part of the bearing body 2 along the circumferential direction, preferably, all the driving hydraulic cylinders 21 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bearing body 2, each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 comprises a piston structure accommodating cavity 211 arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body 2 and a driving piston structure 212 arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavity 211, and the driving piston structure 212 can push the force transmission cylinder 1 and the bearing body 2 to move relatively, so that the drill bit 4 at the lower end of the bearing body 2 cuts a stratum in a symmetrical direction laterally.
According to the combined type guiding drilling tool, the driving hydraulic cylinder 21 is arranged between the force transmission cylinder 1 and the bearing body 2, so that the rotating guiding size is greatly reduced, and the rotating guiding can be accurately controlled, so that the passing performance of the combined type rotating guiding tool in a high-curvature well hole can be improved, and the combined type guiding drilling tool can be used for a short-extremely short radius well section drilled laterally through the bottom of a main well hole or any other position, and the well section can be continuously drilled laterally, so that the extension of a controllable track can be realized.
Further, the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission cylinder 1 is connected with a plurality of first centralizers 11 which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, the force transmission cylinder 1 can drive the first centralizers 11 to abut against the well wall, and the distance between a force transmission point of the force transmission cylinder 1 for transmitting thrust to the well wall and the drill bit 4 can be reduced by changing the position of the first centralizers 11, so that the pushing force transmitted to the well wall by the driving piston structure 212 can be overcome by the aid of the interference of expanding the rear of the drill bit 4.
Further, the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a driving drill string 6, the driving drill string 6 comprises a plurality of transmission pup joints 61 which are sequentially hinged from top to bottom, the transmission pup joints 61 are used for bearing torque, through holes 611 are formed in the transmission pup joints 61, the through holes 611 are sequentially communicated to form a through runner 62 for circulating drilling medium, the through runner 62 forms a main runner for circulating drilling medium so as to realize circulating drilling medium in the driving drill string 6, the transmission pup joint 61 located at the lowest is fixedly connected with the upper end of the force transmission barrel 1, or the transmission pup joint 61 located at the lowest is fixedly connected with the upper end of the bearing body 2, so that the driving drill string 6 can transmit power for rotary drilling for the drill bit 4.
In use, the drive string 6 is guided in rotation in a short radius borehole, in which case, since the drive string 6 is substantially rotated during directional drilling, the primary force component of friction is tangential to the circumference of the drive string 6, substantially reducing the axial friction, enabling trajectory control in ultra-short radius boreholes.
It should be noted that the sum of the lengths of the drillable short-to-very short radius well sections of the composite steerable drilling tool does not exceed the sum of the lengths of the drill bit 4, the steerable sub and the drive string 6.
Further, the deflection angle between two adjacent transmission pup joints 61 is 0.5-8 degrees, so that each transmission pup joint 61 is prevented from being excessively buckled in the process of transmitting the weight-on-bit torque, the weight-on-bit torque transmission is prevented, and when the rotation angle between two adjacent transmission pup joints 61 reaches the deflection limit, the minimum curvature radius which can be formed by the lateral drilling section is larger than or equal to the preset short-very short radius well section.
Further, at least one universal joint 63 capable of transmitting rotary drilling power is arranged in the transmission nipple 61, the distance between two adjacent universal joints 63 is smaller than 1m, so that the section between the drill bit 4 and the uppermost transmission nipple 61 can reach enough curvature to complete drilling of a short-radius well, and deflection is realized to the greatest extent.
Typically, the distance between two adjacent universal joints 63 is within 0.4 meter, so that the guide pup joint can pass through the short-extremely short radius well section, and then the drilling of the extended well section of the short-extremely short radius well section is completed; the purpose of limiting the distance between the individual joints 63 driving the drill string 6 is to: preventing each transmission nipple 61 from excessive buckling during the transmission of the weight-on-bit torque, thereby interfering with the transmission of the weight-on-bit torque, and preventing the driving drill string 6 from excessive buckling from interfering with the control of the guiding nipple to control the borehole trajectory; it should be noted that, in the process of drilling an extended well section with a short radius, the drill string 6 is driven to always have a small section in the well section with a short-short radius, so that the preset deflection limit angle between two adjacent driving sub 61 is too large to enable the drill to excessively buckle, which affects the high-pass guiding executing device to control the well track, while the preset deflection limit angle is too small to enable the drill to pass through the well section with a short-short radius smoothly, and in general, in order to further increase the stability of weight-on-bit torque transmission and improve the power transmission efficiency of rotary drilling, the deflection angle between each driving sub 61 should be controlled within 3 °.
Still further, the universal joint 63 includes bulb 631 and ball socket 632, and the surface of bulb 631 is equipped with the moment of torsion transmission groove, and the internal surface fixed of ball socket 632 is equipped with the driving pin, or, and the internal surface of ball socket 632 is equipped with the moment of torsion transmission groove, and the external surface fixed of bulb 631 is equipped with the driving pin, and the driving pin can pivoted inlays and locates in the moment of torsion transmission groove, realizes the moment of torsion transmission through the cooperation of driving pin and moment of torsion transmission groove.
Alternatively, the universal joint 63 is a constant velocity universal joint 63, so as to avoid inconsistent rotation speeds of the power input end and the power output end, and prevent the adverse effect of rotation speed fluctuation of the output end of the driving drill string 6 on the guiding precision of the guiding pup joint.
Of course, any other existing structure capable of transmitting torque may be used for the universal joint 63, for example, the ball 631 and the socket 632 may also transmit torque by means of key grooves or tooth grooves.
Further, the minimum distance between the deflection centers of the adjacent two transmission pup joints 61 is smaller than 5 times of the diameter of the drill bit 4, so that the distance between each hinge point can be reduced, and when the driving drill string 6 vibrates, the two ends of each hinge point cannot form an overlong force arm, so that the hinge point is broken.
Further, an electric driving actuator 22 and a hydraulic diverter 23 are disposed in the bearing body 2, the electric driving actuator 22 is connected with the hydraulic diverter 23, each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 can be respectively communicated with the hydraulic diverter 23 through a communication flow passage 24, and the electric driving actuator 22 can drive the hydraulic diverter 23 to distribute liquid for each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 and distribute hydraulic fluid to each driving hydraulic cylinder 21, so as to control the hydraulic pressure receiving state of each driving piston structure 212.
It should be noted that, the source of the hydraulic force may be a hydraulic power system, or the drilling working fluid in the main flow channel, in this embodiment, the pressure is derived from the pressure difference between the main flow channel and the borehole annulus, and a greater pressure drop is generated during the process of flowing the drilling circulation medium from the main flow channel into the borehole annulus through the water hole of the drill bit 4 disposed on the drill bit 4, and this pressure drop is the pressure required for driving the piston structure 212.
The driving piston structure 212 comprises a piston structure and a plunger structure, if the piston structure or the plunger structure is directly propped against the well wall, an independent pushing piece is not needed, namely, the driving piston structure 212 is directly pushed by utilizing hydraulic pressure in the piston structure accommodating cavity 211, so that the driving piston structure 212 is propped against the well wall to transmit pushing force.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the electric driving actuator 22 is an electric motor, the electric motor includes a motor stator 221 and a motor rotor 222, the hydraulic diverter 23 is a rotary valve, the rotary valve includes a rotary valve stator 231 and a valve core 232, the valve core 232 is coupled with the motor rotor 222, that is, during the pilot drilling process, the motor rotor 222 can drive the valve core 232 to rotate relative to the rotary valve stator 231, the rotary valve stator 231 is provided with a plurality of fluid supply windows respectively corresponding to each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 one by one, the fluid supply windows are communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21 through the communication flow channels 24, the valve core 232 can control the on-off of each fluid supply window and the through flow channel 62, in particular, the driving piston structure 212 is pushed by the hydraulic fluid along the radial direction of the pilot nipple by the fluid diverter 23, the force transmission cylinder 1 is pushed against the well wall, and the resultant force generated by periodically pushing the valve core 232 along the radial direction of the force transmission cylinder makes the drill bit 4 deflect to complete the pilot drilling operation, preferably, the valve core 232 is disposed at the end of the pilot nipple, and on the side of each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 away from the driving cylinder 6 is further shortened by the short radius of the drilling tool, thereby shortening the length of the drilling string 2, and the composite radius of the drilling tool is further shortened by the short radius of the drilling section.
In the guiding process, the hydraulic diverter 23 is driven by the electric driving actuator 22, so that the liquid supply end on the valve core 232 of the hydraulic diverter 23 faces the opposite direction of the guiding direction, and high-pressure fluid is provided for the driving piston structure 212 in the sector located in the opposite direction of the guiding direction, so that the liquid supply window on the valve core 232 and the equivalent flow area leading to the through flow channel 62 are larger than the equivalent flow area of the bypass throttling structure, at this time, the driving piston structure 212 drives the force transmission cylinder 1 to push against the well wall in the radial direction, otherwise, the fluid in each piston structure accommodating cavity 211 in the sector located in the guiding direction is discharged from the bypass throttling structure; the sector where the guiding direction is located means a range of not more than + -90 DEG of the guiding direction.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic splitter 23 includes at least one reversing valve 233, the electrically driven actuator 22 includes a swing motor 223 corresponding to the reversing valve 233, the swing motor 223 drives the reversing valve 233 to reciprocate through a lead screw 25, specifically, the electrically driven actuator 22 is a plurality of swing motors 223 corresponding to each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 one by one and capable of reciprocating, the hydraulic splitter 23 is a reversing valve 233 corresponding to each swing motor 223 one by one, the swing motor converts the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion capable of driving the reversing valve 233 through the lead screw 25 or a rack and pinion, so as to control the action of the reversing valve 233, and the reversing valve 233 acts as the hydraulic splitter 23 under the control of the control circuit 7 to realize the opening and closing between the first passage 28 and the second passage 29.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the hydraulic diverter 23 includes at least one reversing valve 233, the electrically driven actuator 22 includes an electromagnet 224 corresponding to the reversing valve 233, the electromagnet 224 is connected to the reversing valve 233 and can drive the reversing valve 233 to open and close, specifically, the driven actuator is a plurality of electromagnets 224 corresponding to each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 one by one, the hydraulic diverter 23 is a plurality of reversing valves 233 corresponding to each electromagnet 224 one by one, the electromagnet 224 is electrically connected to the control circuit 7, and under the control of the control circuit 7, the reversing valve 233 is driven to open and close the first passage 28 and the second passage 29, the first passage 28 is communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21, the second passage 29 is communicated with the through passage 62, when the electromagnet 224 opens the passage of the valve, the high pressure drilling fluid in the through passage 62 can be periodically communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21, specifically, the control circuit 7 opens the passage of the valve 233 corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinders 21 not located in the area where the guiding direction is located, so that the high pressure fluid in the through passage 62 passes through the reversing valve 233 to open the reversing valve 233, and the first passage 28 is communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders 21, so that the piston 212 is pushed by the driving piston 212 to generate a large thrust force, and the piston structure is pushed by the driving piston 212; correspondingly, the reversing valve 233 corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinder 21 in the area where the guiding direction is located is in a closed state, at this time, the drilling fluid is discharged out of the piston structure through the throttling structure, no thrust is generated, the drilling fluid in the through flow channel 62 is periodically distributed to each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 under the control of the electromagnet 224 along with the rotation of the drill string, and each driving hydraulic cylinder 21 pushes against the well wall along the radial direction of the driving hydraulic cylinder to generate resultant force so as to deflect the drill bit 4, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the track of the well hole.
It should be noted that the problem to be solved by the present invention is to implement short-to-very short radius pilot drilling and continue drilling extended boreholes, and to equally replace the electrically driven actuator 22 and the hydraulic diverter 23 in any way, while remaining within the scope of the present invention.
Further, the upper end of the drive string 6 is connected with a power supply nipple 64, the power supply nipple 64 comprising a battery and/or a downhole generator, the power supply nipple 64 being electrically connected to the electric drive actuator 22 via an electrical line 65 to provide power to the electric drive actuator 22.
Further, a relay communication device 66 is connected to the upper end of the drive drill string 6, and the relay communication device 66 is electrically connected to the electric line 65. Specifically, the electric circuit 65 is connected to the one end electricity of relay communication device, and the other end of relay communication device 66 can carry out long-range communication with the well head end, has realized ground device or personnel and has realized the control to direction function and the gesture of direction nipple joint through relay communication device 66, better realization controllable orbital function.
Further, a measuring device 26 is arranged in the bearing body 2, the measuring device 26 comprises an acceleration sensor and/or a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope, and preferably, the measuring device 26 at least comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor and a triaxial magnetic sensor so as to be capable of measuring the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the toolface angle of the guide pup joint.
Still further, the measuring device 26 further comprises a measuring circuit 27 manufactured by a thick film circuit process, the measuring circuit 27 comprising at least one digital chip to enable a resolution of the tool pose near the drill bit 4.
Further, the second centralizer 12 is connected to the outer part of the lowest transmission nipple 61, and the combined action of the second centralizer 12 and the drill bit 4 can minimize the influence of the large-amplitude swing of the drilling tool caused by the front-to-back first universal joint 63 on the measurement accuracy of the measurement device 26.
Or, the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a second centralizer 12, wherein the second centralizer 12 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the force transmission barrel 1, or the second centralizer 12 is arranged on the outer side of the bearing body 2 and is positioned above the force transmission barrel 1, and the second centralizer 12 can enable the guiding nipple to be elastically connected with the driving drill string 6 connected to the rear of the guiding nipple, so that the guiding nipple and the driving drill string 6 connected to the rear of the guiding nipple have a tendency of keeping coaxial characteristics.
Further, the piston structure accommodating cavity 211 and the bearing body 2 are integrated, so as to facilitate processing and manufacturing.
The rotation in the present invention means a rotation about the axis thereof.
The circuit board, the circuit module, the control circuit and the like described in the invention generally need the protection of the pressure-bearing shell or are arranged in the accommodating cavity of the instrument metal structure species, and a certain sealing measure is needed to prevent the fluid in the well bore from contacting with the circuit board, and the specific method is common knowledge in the art and is not repeated herein.
The invention also provides a composite steering drilling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 210: the method comprises the steps of feeding a whipstock to perform lateral drilling, enabling a beveled surface of the whipstock to face the azimuth direction of a main borehole, specifically, driving a drill bit 4 through a flexible drill rod with a specific length by using a conventional drill string, so that the drill bit 4 can complete lateral drilling of a short-very short radius well section under the action of the slant force provided by the whipstock and the weight on bit, and the lengths of the flexible drill rod and the drill bit 4 are not smaller than the length of the short-very short radius well section;
step 220: the composite guiding drilling tool is put into the well section to drill, the whipstock can support the composite guiding drilling tool in the main well hole, specifically, the flexible drill rod and the high deflecting drill bit 4 are put into the composite guiding drilling tool from the well hole, the composite guiding drilling tool is put into the well section with a short-extremely short radius through which the composite guiding drilling tool is drilled, then the well section is drilled, when the main well hole is an inclined well and the azimuth angle of the main well hole is different from the azimuth angle of the branch well hole, the azimuth angle of the extending well section is gradually changed in the process of drilling the extending well section, and the ideal angle can be gradually reached.
It should be noted that in some special cases, for example, when the sidetracking is performed on a well section where the well inclination and the azimuth of the main well bore are simultaneously changed, the cylindrical coordinate system is built on the main well bore at the windowing point, the windowing is performed in the direction with the maximum full angle change rate, the drilling is further completed until the drilling with the extremely short radius is completed, further, the drilling of the extended well section is completed, and in the process of drilling the extended well section, the direction of the extended well section is gradually closed to the design direction of the extended well section.
In summary, according to the composite steering drilling tool and the method of the invention, the driving hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, so that the steering size is greatly reduced, and the steering can be accurately controlled, thereby improving the trafficability of the composite steering tool in a high-curvature well bore, and being applicable to a short-very short radius well section drilled laterally through the bottom of a main well bore or any other position, and enabling the well section to continue drilling laterally so as to realize the extension of a controllable track;
according to the combined type guiding drilling tool and method, the drilling string is driven to realize the directional drilling of the short-radius drilling string under the rotation condition, so that the problem of well extension of the short-extremely short-radius well is effectively solved, and the combined development of multi-layer oil and gas resources, the development of thin hydrocarbon reservoirs, the mining of residual oil, the development of coalbed methane and the development of other kinds of minerals are subjected to engineering feasibility and practical values by the short-radius directional drilling technology;
the combined type guiding drilling tool and the method can reduce the situation that the impact force generated by the severe vibration of the driving drill string in the well bore damages the well wall.
The invention adopts thick film circuit technique to manufacture the measuring circuit, which can reduce the size of the measuring circuit to the maximum extent and improve the vibration resistance of the measuring circuit.
According to the composite steering drilling tool and the method, the relative positions and diameters of the hinge point of the driving pup joint, the driving hydraulic cylinder and the drill bit are limited, so that the passing requirements of high-curvature well bores on the tool are met.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of this invention, and are intended to be within the scope of this invention. It should be noted that, the components of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned overall application, and each technical feature described in the specification of the present invention may be selected to be used singly or in combination according to actual needs, so that other combinations and specific applications related to the present invention are naturally covered by the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. The composite steering drilling tool is characterized by comprising a force transmission cylinder and a bearing body, wherein the bearing body is arranged in the force transmission cylinder, the upper part of the bearing body is hinged with the force transmission cylinder through an inner hinge structure, or the upper part of the force transmission cylinder is hinged with the bearing body through an inner hinge structure; the lower end of the bearing body is connected with a drill bit, an annular movable space is arranged between the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body, a deflection guide mechanism is arranged in the annular movable space, and the deflection guide mechanism can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively; the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission cylinder is connected with a first centralizer along the circumferential direction, and the force transmission cylinder can drive the first centralizer to abut against a well wall.
2. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 1, wherein,
the deflection guide mechanism comprises at least three groups of drive hydraulic cylinders which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction at the lower part of the bearing body, the drive hydraulic cylinders comprise piston structure accommodating cavities arranged in the outer wall of the bearing body and drive piston structures arranged in the piston structure accommodating cavities, and the drive piston structures can push the force transmission cylinder and the bearing body to move relatively.
3. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 2, wherein,
the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a driving drill string, the driving drill string comprises a plurality of transmission pup joints which are sequentially hinged from top to bottom, through holes are formed in the transmission pup joints, the through holes are sequentially communicated to form a through runner for circulating drilling circulation media, the transmission pup joint located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the force transmission barrel, or the transmission pup joint located at the lowest position is fixedly connected with the upper end of the bearing body.
4. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 3, wherein,
the deflection angle between two adjacent transmission pup joints is 0.5-8 degrees.
5. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 3, wherein,
and at least one universal joint capable of transmitting rotary drilling power is arranged in the transmission nipple.
6. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 5, wherein,
the universal joint comprises a ball head and a ball socket, wherein a torque transmission groove is formed in the outer surface of the ball head, and a transmission pin is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the ball socket, or the torque transmission groove is formed in the inner surface of the ball socket, a transmission pin is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the ball head, and the transmission pin can be rotationally embedded in the torque transmission groove.
7. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 5, wherein,
the distance between two adjacent universal joints is smaller than 1m.
8. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 3, wherein,
the minimum distance between the deflection centers of two adjacent transmission pup joints is smaller than 5 times of the diameter of the drill bit.
9. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 3, wherein,
the bearing body is internally provided with an electric driving actuator and a hydraulic flow divider, the electric driving actuator is connected with the hydraulic flow divider, and each driving hydraulic cylinder can be communicated with the hydraulic flow divider through a communication flow passage respectively.
10. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 9, wherein,
the electric drive actuator is a motor, the motor comprises a motor stator and a motor rotor, the hydraulic shunt is a rotary valve, the rotary valve comprises a rotary valve stator and a valve core, the valve core is coupled with the motor rotor, a plurality of liquid supply windows which are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the driving hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the rotary valve stator, the liquid supply windows are communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinders through communication flow channels, and the valve core can control the on-off of the liquid supply windows and the through flow channels.
11. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 9, wherein,
the hydraulic diverter comprises at least one reversing valve, the electric drive actuator comprises a swing motor which is arranged corresponding to the reversing valve, and the swing motor drives the reversing valve to reciprocate through a lead screw.
12. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 9, wherein,
the hydraulic diverter comprises at least one reversing valve, and the electric drive actuator comprises an electromagnet which is arranged corresponding to the reversing valve, and the electromagnet is connected with the reversing valve and can drive the reversing valve to open and close.
13. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 9, wherein,
the upper end of the driving drill string is connected with a power supply nipple, and the power supply nipple is electrically connected with the electric driving actuator through an electric circuit.
14. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 13, wherein,
the upper end of the driving drill string is connected with a relay communication device, and the relay communication device is electrically connected with the electric circuit.
15. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 3, wherein,
the bearing body is internally provided with a measuring device which comprises an acceleration sensor and/or a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope.
16. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 15, wherein,
the measuring device also comprises a measuring circuit manufactured by adopting a thick film circuit process.
17. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 15, wherein,
and a second centralizer is connected to the outside of the transmission nipple at the lowest part.
18. A composite steerable drilling tool as in claim 2 or 3, wherein,
the combined type guiding drilling tool further comprises a second centralizer, wherein the second centralizer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the force transmission cylinder, or the second centralizer is arranged on the outer side of the bearing body and located above the force transmission cylinder.
19. The composite steerable drilling tool of claim 2, wherein,
the piston structure accommodating cavity and the bearing body are of an integrated structure.
20. A method of compound steerable drilling, the method comprising:
the oblique device is put into the drill pipe to drill laterally, and the oblique surface of the oblique device faces the azimuth direction of the main well hole;
drilling of an extended length of well by running a composite steerable drilling tool as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, the whipstock being capable of supporting the composite steerable drilling tool within the main wellbore.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110814025.5A CN113404429B (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Composite steering drilling tool and method |
| PCT/CN2021/123139 WO2022033610A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short radius, controllable track drilling tool and composite guiding and drilling tool |
| US18/020,885 US20240263519A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short-radius trajectory-controllable drilling tool and combined type steerable drilling tool |
| AU2021326249A AU2021326249B2 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short radius, controllable track drilling tool and composite guiding and drilling tool |
| CA3189150A CA3189150A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-10-11 | Short-radius trajectory-controllable drilling tool and combined type steerable drilling tool |
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| CN202110814025.5A CN113404429B (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Composite steering drilling tool and method |
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| CN113404429A CN113404429A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
| CN113404429B true CN113404429B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA3189150A1 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2022-02-17 | Zichen Xu | Short-radius trajectory-controllable drilling tool and combined type steerable drilling tool |
| CN114991684B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-25 | 四川中安嘉盛石油科技有限公司 | Flexible nipple for rotary steering drilling and mounting method thereof |
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