CN214118082U

CN214118082U - Short-radius directional drilling tool

Info

Publication number: CN214118082U
Application number: CN202021581375.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐梓辰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-08-03
Filing date: 2020-08-03
Publication date: 2021-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-03

Abstract

The utility model relates to a short radius directional drilling tool, which realizes short radius rotary steering directional drilling through a controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, by utilizing the relay communication device which is arranged in the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array and synchronously rotates and/or deflects with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, the information transmission between the near-bit electric device and the wellhead end communication equipment is realized, the information transmission problem of the controllable track drilling of the ultra-short radius branch well and the short radius branch well is effectively solved, the power transmission stability and the electric circuit safety are improved, the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array has extremely high flexibility, is convenient for the guiding device to obtain the guiding effect meeting the deflecting requirement of the short-radius well by adopting smaller force, the short radius directional drilling tool can realize short radius controllable track drilling under the condition of rotary drilling, and has great engineering significance and practical value.

Description

Short-radius directional drilling tool

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an oil development and probing technical field, especially a short radius directional drilling instrument and method.

Background

Directional well drilling tools are divided into sliding steerable drilling tools and rotary steerable drilling tools. The lower drilling tool of the sliding guide drilling tool generally comprises a power drilling tool and an elbow joint, the whole drilling string does not rotate, a drilling circulating medium drives a screw rod to drive a drill bit to rotate, the well deviation and the azimuth performance of the drilling tool are changed through the change of the tool face angle of the elbow joint, and the limitations that the drilling tool does not rotate during directional operation, short-radius directional drilling operation cannot be completed and the like exist. For example, the coiled tubing directional drilling tool assembly can realize short-radius drilling, but the coiled tubing directional drilling tool assembly cannot realize rotary drilling, even cannot smoothly realize directional operation, is easy to damage and break, is not suitable for bearing high torque, is not suitable for large-diameter well drilling, horizontal well drilling and branch well drilling, and is more difficult to achieve the effect of meeting the field requirement in the short-radius directional drilling process.

The combined structure of the lower drilling tool of the rotary drilling equipment can be simple and only comprises a drill bit, a joint, a drill collar and a drill rod; or may be complex including drill bits, stabilizers, non-magnetic collars, joints, weighted and conventional drill rods, and the like. The lower drilling tool assembly of the rotary drilling equipment generally controls the deflecting performance of the drilling tool through the arrangement positions of different stabilizers or other drilling tool assembly relation changes, and the ultimate deflecting rate of the directional drilling tool assembly for rotary drilling is extremely low. The downhole tool capable of providing drilling under the rotating state has a rotary steering technology, the general rotary steering deflecting capability is about 6 degrees/30 meters, the current shortest radius directional steering of the most advanced international Schlumberger company can only reach 15 degrees/30 meters, and the shortest radius directional steering does not exceed 18 degrees/30 meters in a small borehole at most. In the short-ultra short radius drilling field, however, the whipstock radius of curvature requirement is typically between 10 meters and 60 meters. The congenital unable quilt of the most advanced rotary steering system of current can hardly adapt to the short radius well drilling actual demand of the utility model. Its deflecting ability and the ability to bend the borehole are no precedent for achieving short radius directional drilling with a turn radius between 10 and 60 meters under rotary drilling conditions. Other related products also have the function of failing to realize the track control of the well under the condition of rotary drilling, which causes the problem of serious dragging and drilling pressure.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a short radius directional drilling tool and a method, aiming at the problem that other drilling tools can not realize rotary drilling during the short radius well drilling, the utility model realizes the transmission of the drilling pressure torque in the short radius and/or ultra-short radius well bore by a controllable drilling pressure torque transmission nipple array, provides rotary power for a drill bit, and arranges a guiding device at the front part of the controllable drilling pressure torque transmission nipple array, arranges an electric circuit of an over-drilling pressure torque transmission nipple which passes through the drilling pressure torque transmission nipple and synchronously rotates along with the controllable drilling pressure torque transmission nipple array in the controllable drilling pressure torque transmission nipple array to carry out the electric connection among all circuits in the controllable drilling pressure torque transmission nipple array, realizes the reliable power transmission and information transmission when realizing the drilling pressure and the torque transmission in the short radius rotary directional drilling, reduces the difficulty of well deviation control in the rotary drilling process, stable and reliable short-radius rotary steerable drilling technology is made possible.

The utility model discloses technical scheme as follows:

a short-radius directional drilling tool comprises a drill bit, a controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, a near-bit electric device fixed near the output end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, and a relay communication device electrically connected with the near-bit electric device; one end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array is connected with the drill bit, the other end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array is connected with a rotary driving device or is connected with the rotary driving device through a conventional drill string to realize short-radius rotary directional drilling, a preset deflection limit angle is formed between adjacent bit pressure torque transmission nipples of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, a through structure extends along the axis direction of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, the through structure forms a main flow channel for circulating medium circulation of drilling, the relay communication device comprises a via bit pressure torque transmission nipple electric circuit connected with the near bit electric device, and the via bit pressure torque transmission nipple electric circuit is arranged inside the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array and synchronously rotates and/or deflects with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array; the relay communication device further comprises a relay device rotating along with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array, a plurality of bit pressure torque transmission short sections are arranged between the relay device and the near bit electric device at intervals, and the relay device is in remote communication with the wellhead end. The rotary drive means comprises a mud motor located in the wellbore, or a rotary table located at the wellhead, or a top drive or rotary drive head. The utility model discloses an advantage lies in, can realize controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array with the rotation state direction in the short radius well. Under the condition, the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array is generally rotated in the directional drilling process, so that the main force component of the friction force is in the circumferential tangential direction of the universal joint array, the axial friction force is greatly reduced, and the track control in the ultra-short radius well hole is realized. It should be noted that the rotary drive head mainly refers to a component for driving a drill string to rotate in a horizontal drilling machine or other types of directional drilling machines. The short radius directional drilling tool is used for drilling a borehole with a length not exceeding the length of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer nipple array.

Preferably, the input end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array or any two weight-on-bit torque transmission nipples of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array are connected in series to form a telemetry nipple, the relay device comprises a wireless telemetry device arranged on the telemetry nipple, and the underground information acquired by the near-bit electrical device transmitted by the weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple electrical circuit is sent to the wellhead-end communication equipment through the wireless telemetry device. So as to realize the multi-section relay communication from the near-bit electric device to the wellhead-end communication equipment.

Preferably, the near-bit electrical device comprises a guiding device, the guiding device is sleeved outside a driving mandrel between the output end of the controllable bit pressure and torque transmission nipple array and the bit or is arranged in a guiding nipple between the output end of the controllable bit pressure and torque transmission nipple array and the bit, and is used for pushing the bit to complete deflection guiding of the bit, and the guiding device comprises a guiding control module and a guiding actuator. Each weight-on-bit torque transmission sub can be a universal joint which is used for bearing weight-on-bit and torque in the drilling process and continuously providing power for rotary drilling for the drill bit. The guider with be greater than 3 between the teletransmission nipple joint the biggest spacing angle of whole weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint, its optimum scope is more than 10, in order to ensure the utility model provides a short radius directional drilling tool has sufficient flexibility.

Preferably, the relay communication device further comprises a downlink instruction resolving module, the downlink instruction resolving module comprises a decoding circuit and a flow velocity sensor and/or a pressure sensor and/or a drill string rotating speed sensor which are arranged underground, the wellhead end adjusts the pressure and/or the flow and/or the drill string rotating speed of a drilling circulation medium according to the received underground information, the decoding circuit resolves downlink guiding information according to the information about the change of the flow velocity of the drilling circulation medium along with time and/or the information about the change of the pressure of the drilling circulation medium along with time and/or the information about the change of the drill string rotating speed along with time, which is measured by the flow velocity sensor and/or the pressure sensor and/or the drill string rotating speed sensor, and transmits the downlink guiding information to the guiding control module through an electric circuit which transmits the drilling pressure torque through the short joint; and the guide control module controls the guide actuator to perform corresponding guide operation according to the downlink guide information. And then the long-distance drill rod drives the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, further drives the drill bit to break rock, and generates controllable deflecting force at the drill bit. The wellhead end encodes the downloading command and then realizes the command downloading in a mode that the pressure and/or the flow of a drilling circulation medium change along with time, wherein the encoding mode comprises but is not limited to interval codes, FSK codes, Manchester codes, Miller codes and the like. The decoding circuit also adopts a decoding method corresponding to the coding to realize decoding. When the instruction resolving module comprises a flow velocity sensor and a decoding circuit, the flow velocity sensor is a turbine and a turbine rotating speed counting device, the flow of a drilling circulation medium is inverted through the change of the turbine, and the instruction settlement module needs to be at least separated from the guide short section by a deflection center so as to prevent the instruction settlement module from occupying the space of the guide short section and shortening the length of the guide short section. When the command resolution module includes a pressure sensor and/or a drill string rotational speed sensor, the sensors may be located in any sub in the short radius directional drilling tool due to their small footprint. The preferred configuration of the drill string speed sensor is a gyroscope or magnetometer that is fixedly disposed in the short radius directional drilling tool and that can directly measure the speed of the drill string.

Preferably, the preset deflection limit angle between adjacent weight-on-bit torque transmission pups of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint array is not more than 8 degrees, so that the weight-on-bit torque transmission pups in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint array are prevented from excessively buckling in the weight-on-bit torque transmission process, further the weight-on-bit torque transmission is hindered, and the electrical circuit of the weight-on-bit torque transmission pups is prevented from being damaged; and/or the length of the guide short section or the bit pressure torque transmission short section where the guide actuator is located does not exceed 10 times of the diameter of the drill bit; and/or the minimum distance between the deflection centers of the individual weight-on-bit torque transfer subs in the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs must not exceed 8 times the diameter of the drill bit. In order to further increase the stability of weight-on-bit torque transmission and improve the power transmission efficiency of rotary drilling, the deflection angle between the weight-on-bit torque transmission joints should be controlled within 3 °.

Preferably, an electric line protection layer is arranged on the outer side of the electric line of the weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple, and the electric line protection layer comprises an elastic metal pipe or a metal sheet tightly wound on the outer side of the electric line of the weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple or a steel wire wound rubber pipe tightly wound on the outer side of the electric line of the weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple. The electric circuit of the pressure-drilling torque transmission short section comprises a cable which is connected with the near-bit electric device and the remote transmission short section in series.

Preferably, the short-radius directional drilling tool further comprises a flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe which is arranged in a through structure in a through mode, the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is fixedly connected with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, and a main flow channel for circulation of drilling circulation media is arranged inside the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe. The flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe and the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array can be fixed in a mode of bolt connection or threaded connection at two ends and/or close attachment at any more than two positions. Generally, the drilling circulation medium conveyed by the drill pipe flows through the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe, the guide short section and the drill bit, enters the annular space and returns to the wellhead. And/or the through structure comprises an equal-diameter through hole formed in the axis of the bit pressure torque transmission nipple, and the positions of the equal-diameter through hole, where the deflection interval zone exists, are connected together in series through a flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe; two ends of the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe are respectively connected with the equal-diameter through holes of the two adjacent drilling pressure torque transmission short sections in a sealing manner; the constant-diameter through hole and the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe jointly form a main flow channel for circulation of a drilling circulation medium;

preferably, the electric circuit of the pressure-on-bit torque transmission nipple or the electric circuit of the pressure-on-bit torque transmission nipple with the electric circuit protective layer is arranged in a main flow channel of the drilling circulating medium; and/or the outer pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is provided with an electric circuit fixing piece, is used for fixing the electric circuit outside the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe, as the preferred choice of the mode, the outer wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is provided with an electric circuit accommodating groove which extends along the axial direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe, the electric circuit is used for fixing the electric circuit of the pressure-drilling torque transmission nipple on the outer side of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe, and/or the outer pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is provided with an electrical line accommodating groove for accommodating and fixing the electrical line of the drilling pressure torque transmission nipple, the electric circuit accommodating groove extends along the axial direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe or is spirally wound and arranged on the outer pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe by taking the axial direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe as the center. When the electric circuit passing through the bit pressure torque transmission pup joint is arranged inside a drilling circulating medium main flow, the optimal configuration of the electric circuit protection layer is a metal pipe, and the metal pipe is a titanium alloy pipe, a copper alloy pipe or a steel pipe. Or when the electric circuit is arranged outside the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe or the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe, the optimal combination of the electric circuit protective layer and the electric circuit is configured into an armored cable.

Preferably, a mud pulser is arranged inside the remote transmission nipple, and the remote transmission nipple is arranged at the input end of the controllable bit pressure and torque transmission nipple array and used for preventing pressure waves generated by the mud pulser from damaging the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe and increasing the overall safety and the using effect of the instrument. The input end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple is the input end of the rotary drilling power and is the end far away from the drill bit. In the drilling process, the mud pulser and the telemetry nipple do not enter a short-radius well section, and particularly in the drilling process of a branch well, the mud pulser and the telemetry nipple are arranged on one side of a main well bore of a branch well fork.

Preferably, the electric circuit of the pressure-drilling torque transmission pup joint is arranged outside the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe or the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe. The device is used for preventing the electric circuit from being washed by the drilling circulation medium, and the electric circuit is prevented from rolling in a circulation channel of the drilling fluid circulation medium due to rotary drilling.

Preferably, the electric circuit of the pressure-transmitted torque transmission nipple or the electric circuit of the pressure-transmitted torque transmission nipple with the electric circuit protective layer is fixed outside the pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe through a circuit fixing piece, the circuit fixing pieces are fixedly arranged outside the pipe wall of the through pressure-bearing flow pipe at intervals along the axial direction of the through pressure-bearing flow pipe, and the electric circuit of the pressure-transmitted torque transmission nipple is fixedly connected with the circuit fixing piece so as to achieve the purpose of fixing the electric circuit.

Preferably, the near-bit electrical device further comprises a measuring device, the measuring device comprises an attitude measuring module and/or a formation information measuring module, and the corresponding downhole information comprises attitude information and/or formation information at the near-bit position; the measuring device can be arranged in the guide short section, or the near-bit electric device is arranged in a plurality of measuring short sections at the position of the near-bit.

Preferably, the guiding control module comprises a hydraulic control module, the guiding actuator comprises a multi-rib-wing hydraulic pushing actuator, the multi-rib-wing hydraulic pushing actuator comprises at least 3 groups of hydraulic piston assemblies which are symmetrically arranged along the center of the outer surface of the guiding short section, each group of hydraulic piston assemblies comprises a piston cylinder, a piston and a pushing part which are matched with each other, the piston cylinders and the pistons push the pushing parts to push against the well wall along the radial direction of the guiding short section under the action of the hydraulic control module, and the multiple groups of piston assemblies respectively push against the well wall along the radial direction thereof to generate resultant force to deflect the drill bit.

Preferably, the guide short section comprises a driving mandrel and a guide sleeve sleeved outside the driving mandrel in a sleeving manner, the guide sleeve is sleeved outside the driving mandrel through at least two pairs of composite bearing rings, each composite bearing comprises an axial thrust bearing and a radial centering bearing, one end of the driving mandrel is fixedly provided with the drill bit, the other end of the driving mandrel is fixedly connected with the output end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array, and the guide device and the measuring device are arranged in the guide sleeve; the relay communication device further comprises an electric energy transmission device, the electric energy transmission device is arranged on the driving mandrel or the guide sleeve so as to realize energy transmission and signal transmission between the near-bit electric device and the electric circuit of the sub-joint for transmitting the torque through the bit pressure, and the electric energy transmission device can be a conductive slip ring or a wireless energy transmission device; and each group of piston assemblies is provided with an independent hydraulic system directly connected with the piston cylinder.

Preferably, the guide short section comprises a bearing body with an axial through structure, one end of the bearing body is fixedly connected with the output end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array, the other end of the bearing body is fixedly provided with the drill bit, the guide control module and the attitude measurement module are arranged in the bearing body, and the guide control module and the attitude measurement module are directly connected with the electrical circuit of the bit pressure torque transmission short section.

Preferably, the hydraulic guiding control module comprises an electric rotary valve and the guiding control circuit, the guiding control circuit is arranged in a pressure-bearing sealing structure inside the bearing body and is used for controlling the electric rotary valve, the electric rotary valve is arranged in an axial through structure of the bearing body and is fixedly connected with the bearing body, the guiding control module comprises a rotary valve core and a rotary valve casing which are arranged along the axial direction of the bearing body and are provided with axial high-pressure diversion holes at the centers, the guiding actuator is arranged on the bearing body at intervals along the circumferential direction, and drilling circulation media in the bearing body flow into the drill bit through the axial high-pressure diversion holes; the piston cylinder of each group of hydraulic piston assembly is communicated with the rotary valve casing of the bearing body through a piston guide pipe arranged on the side wall of the bearing body, a low-pressure drainage hole penetrating through the side wall of the bearing body and the rotary valve casing is arranged near the piston guide pipe, the rotary valve core is provided with a low-pressure drainage groove and a first high-pressure inflow hole connected with the axial high-pressure diversion hole, the rotary valve casing is provided with a plurality of liquid inflow holes fixedly butted with the piston guide pipe, the rotary valve core is rotated to enable the first high-pressure inflow hole to always face a pre-pushing direction, when the hydraulic piston assembly rotates to a sector where the pre-pushing direction is located, the first high-pressure inflow hole is butted with the liquid inflow hole, a high-pressure drilling circulating medium flows into the hydraulic piston assembly, so that a large pressure difference is generated inside and outside the hydraulic piston assembly, and a pushing piece is pushed to generate a guiding thrust against a well wall, the reaction force of the well wall to the guiding tool makes the tool directionally deviate from the axis of the tool, so that the tool realizes the guiding function. And the low-pressure discharge groove of the corresponding hydraulic piston assembly in the area of the non-pre-pushing direction is simultaneously butted with the low-pressure discharge hole and the liquid inflow hole, and the internal and external pressure difference of the hydraulic piston assembly is equal, so that the guiding thrust is not generated.

Preferably, the hydraulic control module comprises solenoid valves, and one solenoid valve is correspondingly arranged near each hydraulic piston assembly; the electromagnetic valve is arranged in the side wall of the bearing body and comprises an electromagnetic valve seat and a T-shaped telescopic valve rod which are axially arranged, the electromagnetic valve seat comprises an axial liquid containing cavity, the T-shaped telescopic valve rod slides in the axial liquid containing cavity, the inner diameter of the axial liquid containing cavity is equal to the outer diameter of a valve rod head of the T-shaped telescopic valve rod, one end of the liquid containing cavity is provided with a radial high-pressure inlet hole communicated with the axial through structure, the other end of the liquid containing cavity is provided with a radial drain hole, a liquid through hole is formed between the radial high-pressure inlet hole and the radial drain hole, a piston cylinder of each group of hydraulic piston assembly is communicated with the liquid through hole through a piston guide pipe arranged on the side wall of the bearing body, the hydraulic piston assembly is in a sector of the pre-pushing direction, and the T-shaped telescopic valve rod of the hydraulic piston assembly is positioned between the radial drain hole and the liquid through hole, the liquid through hole is communicated with the radial high-pressure inflow hole, so that a large pressure difference is generated inside and outside the hydraulic piston assembly, and the pushing piece is pushed to push against a well wall to generate a guiding thrust; the corresponding hydraulic piston assembly in the area where the non-pre-pushing direction is located is provided with a T-shaped telescopic valve rod, the radial high-pressure press-in flow hole and the liquid through hole are arranged between the T-shaped telescopic valve rod and the liquid through hole, the low-pressure discharge groove is communicated with the liquid through hole, the internal and external pressure difference of the hydraulic piston assembly is equal, and therefore guiding thrust is not generated.

Preferably, the formation information while drilling measurement module comprises a gamma measurement sub-module and/or a resistivity measurement sub-module and/or a formation density measurement sub-module and/or a formation acoustic time difference measurement sub-module, and the corresponding formation information comprises formation gamma ray intensity information and/or formation resistivity information and/or formation density information and/or formation acoustic time difference information.

Preferably, the sum of the maximum limit angles of all weight-on-bit torque transmission nipples located in front of the gamma measurement submodule is smaller than 12 degrees, and/or the distance between the gamma measurement module and the drill bit is smaller than 6 meters. The device is used for overcoming measurement uncertainty and measurement lag caused by high buckling of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array.

Preferably, a power supply sub is further arranged at least one controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub away from the guide sub, and comprises a power supply source which comprises a battery and/or a downhole generator for supplying power to the near-bit electrical device.

Preferably, the power supply sub, the guide sub and the telemetry sub are spaced from each other by at least one of the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub, or the power supply sub and the telemetry sub are all disposed above the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array. The purpose is to enable the section between the drilling pressure torque transmission short joints from the guiding device to the uppermost end to reach enough curvature to complete the drilling of a short-radius well, and the deflecting is realized to the maximum extent. The length of the short radius well section is less than the distance from the lower end face of the drill bit to the weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple at the uppermost end.

Preferably, the well generator comprises a downhole turbine generator, the flow rate sensor is a turbine of the downhole turbine generator, and the information of the change of the flow rate of the drilling circulation medium along with the time is converted by the turbine rotating speed of the downhole turbine generator.

Preferably, the length of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer sub array is greater than 15 meters.

Preferably, the short radius directional drilling tool further comprises a straightener for maintaining the stability of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs.

Preferably, the straightening device is arranged inside the through structure, and the straightening device is at least connected with adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pups of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint array and enables the adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pups to always have the tendency of keeping the coaxial characteristic.

Preferably, the straightening device can be the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe.

Preferably, the short radius directional drilling tool further comprises a seal for preventing drilling circulation medium from entering a deflection gap stroke of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs, the seal may be the flexible through-bore pressure-bearing flow tube and/or a bellows seal tube disposed outside a universal joint of the weight-on-bit torque transfer subs.

Preferably, the electric energy transmission device is a wireless energy transmission device, the wireless energy transmission device is arranged between the driving mandrel and the guide sleeve, the wireless energy transmission device comprises an energy emitting end and an energy receiving end, and electric energy is transmitted to the near-bit electric device in the guide sleeve from an energy emitting control circuit behind the driving mandrel in a high-frequency wireless energy transmission mode between the energy emitting end and the energy receiving end; the energy emission control circuit is arranged in the energy emission control short section, the energy emission control short section is arranged behind the driving mandrel and at least one bit pressure torque transmission short section is arranged at an interval with the driving mandrel; the power supply short section is arranged behind the energy emission control short section and at least one bit pressure torque transmission short section is arranged at a distance from the energy emission control short section; the energy emission control circuit converts the power transmitted by the power supply into high-frequency alternating current with the center frequency of 3-200k, and the high-frequency alternating current is transmitted to the guide sleeve through the wireless energy transmission device to provide power for the near-bit electric device. As a more preferable option, a range of 15-60k is generally selected as the power transmission frequency of the wireless power transmission device.

A short-radius directional drilling method is characterized in that the short-radius directional drilling tool is used for directional drilling, according to the target track of a directional well, the drilling angle of a drill bit is adjusted by adjusting the deflection angle of a controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, and the relay communication between the underground and the aboveground is realized through the relay communication device which synchronously rotates and/or deflects with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, so that the track detection and/or the track control of the directional drilling are realized.

It should be noted that, in the open hole well, the short radius directional drilling tool can realize sidetrack drilling and complete short radius multilateral well drilling operation. In a cased well, the matching of an anchoring guide device is additionally needed, the anchoring guide device comprises an anchor and a guide device, the anchor clamps the inner wall of the casing in a main well bore through a slip, the inclined surface of the guide device is fixed towards a specific direction, the windowing operation is further completed on the wall of the casing through a windowing drill bit, and the short-radius directional drilling tool is further lowered to realize the sidetracking of the short-radius multilateral well.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model the advantage lies in:

1. short radius directional drilling instrument and method, through controllable weight of drilling torque transmission nipple joint array realize the directional drilling under the short radius drilling string rotation condition, and through locating controllable weight of drilling torque transmission nipple joint array inside and with the relay communication device of controllable weight of drilling torque transmission nipple joint array synchronous revolution and/or deflection, especially through the information transfer of weight of drilling torque transmission nipple joint electric circuit realization nearly drill bit electric installation and relay communication equipment, realized the electric installation communication difficult problem in each nipple joint of relevance of controllable weight of drilling torque transmission nipple joint array, effectively solve the information transmission problem that carries out controllable orbit probing to ultrashort radius lateral well and short radius lateral well. Through controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint electric circuit, effectively dispersed the function of each nipple joint, made the inside single function that only possesses the system of any nipple joint, reached the purpose that reduces arbitrary nipple joint length and volume by a wide margin, improved the power transmission stability and the electric circuit security of controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array, the instrument of being convenient for adapts to the well of higher camber to accomplish the job of deflecting of short radius well. The array formed by the weight-on-bit torque transmission short joints for limiting the rotary deflection angle realizes the weight-on-bit torque transmission and the rotary power transmission in the short-radius well section, and realizes the local short-radius well drilling. The short radius directional drilling technology formed by the technical contents has engineering feasibility and practical value for the development of multilayer oil and gas fields, the development of thin layers, the excavation of residual oil, the development of coal bed gas and the development of other kinds of minerals. The rotation is the rotation of going on around its axis, the deflection indicates that its axis itself produces crooked or skew original axis position under guider's the promotion.

2. The short radius directional drilling tool and the method of the utility model guide through the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array with a guiding device or a guiding nipple at the output end and realize feedback guiding adjustment through posture monitoring, realize bit pressure torque transmission and communication in a super short radius borehole through the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array distributed with a electrical circuit of the nipple through bit pressure torque transmission, realize information relay transmission between an underground near bit electrical device and a wellhead by utilizing a two-segment relay communication device consisting of the electrical circuit of the nipple through bit pressure torque transmission and a remote transmission nipple arranged above the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple, so that the guiding nipple does not need to finish the task of remote communication, and then the task of remote communication is finished by the remote transmission nipple, thereby greatly reducing the space between each deflection point and reducing the resistance risk in the drilling process, the problem of the length restriction of teletransmission nipple joint is solved. And the length of each bit pressure torque transmission short section in the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array has strict limitation, so that the near-bit electric device is not suitable for containing a device capable of realizing remote communication. The utility model discloses under the situation that controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array need rely on long distance drilling rod and well head to be connected, realize the relay communication through relay for nearly drill bit electric installation can be under the size space environment that receives the restriction, stride across a plurality of weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joints with relay realizes closely communication, and is further, relay realizes relay position to the remote communication of well head with stronger energy, finally realizes the communication of nearly drill bit electric installation to well head department, makes the directional drilling tool of short radius become possible.

3. The utility model discloses a can solve following several obstacles with the setting of teletransmission nipple joint in the input of controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array the directional drilling tool of minor radius and controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array play the bottleneck problem of effect. Because the remote transmission short section generally comprises a mud pulser, stronger pressure pulse can be generated, and the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is damaged by water hammer pressure, the remote transmission short section is arranged at the input end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array, namely, the remote transmission short section for crossing a drill column formed by a conventional drill rod to realize communication at the wellhead end needs to be arranged behind the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array (the direction pointed by a drill bit is front); due to the fact that the drill string can frequently collide with the well wall in the rotary drilling process, the low rigidity characteristic of the weight-on-bit torque transmission joint can aggravate the vibration intensity of the drill string and the frequency of instantaneous violent impact, the violent vibration can reach 10-50 times of gravitational acceleration, and the instantaneous impact can reach 100-500 times of gravitational acceleration. Therefore, in order to effectively ensure the communication quality between the telemetry nipple and the wellhead end and the stability of electrical parts in the telemetry nipple, the telemetry nipple is arranged at the input end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, so that great benefits are provided for the safety and the stability of a lifting tool; any deflection point of the bit pressure torque transmission array is a relatively weak link of the short-radius directional drilling tool, so that the remote transmission nipple is arranged at the input end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, and great and beneficial effects are achieved on reducing the well falling loss of the tool. Set up a small amount of drilling rods between controllable weight of a bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array and teletransmission nipple joint, or set up designs such as a small amount of controllable weight of a bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint between teletransmission nipple joint and conventional drilling string, all do not break away from the utility model discloses a design initiatively, also belong to the utility model discloses a protection scope.

4. Due to the special problem of rotary drilling, the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section is in a continuous rotation state in the directional drilling process. The problem that the electric circuit that leads to this rotation of continuation is damaged, rolls to and in order to solve the long distance short radius in take the unsmooth problem of rock, the utility model provides a special design lies in setting up the electric circuit is fixed in the flexible pressure-bearing flow tube that link up or the flexible pressure-bearing nozzle stub outside, has yielded the runner of full latus rectum, makes the electric circuit can not roll in well drilling circulation medium runner because of rotary drilling, is convenient for increase the transport discharge capacity of well drilling circulation medium. In addition, because the particularity of controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission array, flexible link up pressure-bearing flow tube or flexible pressure-bearing nozzle stub pipe wall is thinner, can't realize the support to the inner line, so the utility model discloses a mode of winding or mounting is fixed in the outside that flexible link up pressure-bearing flow tube or flexible pressure-bearing nozzle stub with electric circuit, can make the inner wall that flexible link up pressure-bearing flow tube or flexible pressure-bearing nozzle stub do not have the fulcrum and smooth, can be even with the contact of well drilling circulation medium, local serious erosion can not appear.

5. Use directional drilling tool of short radius carries out ultrashort radius branch well probing in-process, directional drilling tool of short radius introduces the window by anchoring guiding device, and it is rotatory that the drilling equipment of well head department applys the weight of the bit and drives conventional drilling string, and then the rotation of drive controllable weight of the bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array to accessible guider or direction nipple joint drive drill bit deflect simultaneously, realize the feedback adjustment function of drilling track. Under this kind of operation environment, the window on the casing wall causes the instrument to meet the card very easily, consequently the utility model discloses set up power supply nipple joint and teletransmission nipple joint in the rear of controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array, can avoid too much instrument equipment to get into during the operation of short radius branch well the window has reduced the instrument by a wide margin and has met the possibility of card.

6. The utility model discloses a directional drilling tool of short radius and method, the limit deflection angle between the adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple joint of its controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple joint array is not more than 8 degrees, the limit deflection angle here is the mechanical structure limit of weight-on-bit torque transmission power transmission nipple joint corner to prevent the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple joint in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple joint array from excessively buckling in the weight-on-bit torque transmission process, and then hinder the weight-on-bit torque transmission, and prevent to harm through weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple joint electric circuit; the distance from the drill bit to the rotating center of the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array is not more than 10 times of the diameter of the drill bit; and/or the minimum distance between the deflection centers of any two controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short joints in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short joint array is not more than 8 times of the diameter of the drill bit, so that the section from the drill bit to the uppermost weight-on-bit torque transmission short joint can reach enough curvature to complete the drilling of a short-radius well, and the deflecting is realized to the maximum extent. In addition, under the condition of the same deflecting performance or the condition of the same high-curvature well bore trafficability, the deflection limit of each deflection point can be reduced by shortening the length of each bit weight torque transmission short section, namely, the distance between two deflection points. So as to protect the bit weight torque transmission short joint from being damaged and reduce the vibration in the well. In particular, the universal joint used for transmitting rotary drilling power in the weight-on-bit torque transmission short joint is protected from being damaged.

7. Short radius directional drilling instrument and method to the rotary drilling in-process, through the weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array electric line in deflection point department because of buckling repeatedly and lead to easily taking place damaged series of problem, the utility model provides a series of solution. The drill pressure torque transmission pup joint electric circuit is simple and compact in structure, and the use safety of the drill pressure torque transmission pup joint electric circuit is fully guaranteed. And the flexible run-through pressure-bearing flow pipe can realize the overflow of drilling circulating medium inside, and can bear the difference between the internal pressure of a drill string water hole and the annular pressure, and protect the deflection component in the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section from being damaged by mud and other dirt in the drilling circulating medium. In addition, an electric circuit protection layer is arranged on the outer side of the electric circuit passing through the bit pressure torque transmission short section, so that the drilling circulating medium or leaked drilling circulating medium is prevented from causing erosion or corrosion damage to the electric circuit passing through the bit pressure torque transmission short section.

8. Short radius directional drilling tool and method, according to the high corner of drill bit instrument face that gesture measurement module measured, through direction control module's control drive many rib wings hydraulic pressure leans on formula executor, and then makes multiunit piston assembly follow its radial pushing away respectively and produce to push away by the wall of a well and lean on resultant force and make the drill bit takes place to deflect, improves the power transmission stability and the security of controllable weight on bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array, is convenient for improve the direction precision, and then reduces the drill bit by a wide margin and deflects the wearing and tearing to guider and controllable weight on bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array, and then reduces guider's inefficacy probability.

9. The straightening device arranged in the through structure enables the short-radius directional drilling tool to be used for improving the stability of the short-radius directional drilling tool during well deviation drilling and performing conventional vertical well drilling, and enables the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array not to generate severe vibration, impact force and damage a well wall in a well.

10. Short radius directional drilling instrument and method to the unable problem of controlling of deep well orbit of short radius well and/or ultrashort radius (well camber is greater than 1 degree/meter) branch well, through set up controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array at direction nipple joint rear, adapts to high camber under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission, when needs are led, guarantees the stability of well orbit control. The contradiction between the transmission of the drilling pressure torque, the adaptability of the high-curvature well bore and the control stability of the well bore track is solved. Just direction nipple joint, controllable weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint array and/or power supply nipple joint and other bear the nipple joint and all be convenient for realize the miniaturization, and its length all can shorten or elongate the processing according to the well drilling demand, and then adapt to the well camber of high slope of making and the stable control of well orbit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a short radius directional drilling tool and method of the present invention;

figure 2 is an enlarged schematic axial cross-sectional view of embodiment 3 of the short radius directional drilling tool of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic axial cross-sectional view of an embodiment 4 of the short radius directional drilling tool of the present invention;

figure 4 is an enlarged schematic axial cross-sectional view of an embodiment 5 of the short radius directional drilling tool of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment 8 of the short radius directional drilling tool of the present invention;

figure 6 is another schematic diagram of an embodiment 8 of a short radius directional drilling tool according to the present invention.

The reference numbers are listed below:

1-a drill bit, 11-a drill bit liquid through hole, 2-a guide short section, 21-a driving mandrel, 22-a guide sleeve, 23(24) -a composite bearing, 231-an axial thrust bearing, a radial righting bearing 232, 25-a bearing body, 251-a piston flow guide pipe, 252-a low-pressure drainage hole, 26-a through structure of the bearing body, 3-a controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array, 31-a controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section, 4-a remote transmission short section, 41-an information transmission relay device, 411-a downlink information transmission module, 42-a mud pulser, 5-a conventional drill string, a 6-derrick, 7-a near bit electric device, 71-a measuring device, 711-an attitude measuring module, 72-a guide device and 721-a guide control module, 722-guide actuator, 7211-hydraulic control module, 7212-electric rotary valve, 72121-rotary valve core, 721211-axial high-pressure diversion hole, 721212-low-pressure drainage groove, 721213-first high-pressure inflow hole, 72122-rotary valve housing, 721221-liquid inflow hole, 7213-solenoid valve, 72131-solenoid valve seat, 721311-liquid containing chamber, 721312-radial high-pressure inflow hole, 721313-radial drainage hole, 721314-liquid through hole, 72132-T type telescopic valve rod, 7221-hydraulic piston assembly, 72211-piston cylinder, 72212-piston, 72213-pushing piece, 73-energy emission control nipple, 8-electric circuit of nipple transmission by drilling pressure torque, 81-electric energy transmission device 811-energy emission end, 812-energy receiving end, 82-an electric circuit protective layer, 83-a circuit fixing piece, 84-a fixing piece, 9-a corrugated sealing pipe, 91-a flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe, 911-an electric circuit accommodating groove, 92-a flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe, 93-a centralizer and 94-a power supply.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-6 and the specific embodiments.

Example 1

A short-radius directional drilling tool comprises a drill bit 1, a guide short section 2, a controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array 3 and a conventional drill string 5 which rotate synchronously in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the conventional drill string 5 is fixedly suspended on a derrick 6, one end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array 3 is connected with the drill bit 1, and the other end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array is connected with a rotary driving device or is connected with the rotary driving device through the conventional drill string 5 to realize short-radius rotary directional drilling with high build-up rate. The rotary drive device comprises a mud motor located in the wellbore, or the rotary drive device comprises a drive rotor, top drive or rotary drive head located at the wellhead. The controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 has preset deflection limit angle between the adjacent weight-on-bit torque transmission nipples, and the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 extends along its axis direction to have a through structure G, the through structure G forms the sprue that supplies the circulation medium circulation of drilling, and the circulation medium of drilling in the sprue dashes out from drill bit 1 to wash shaft bottom detritus and cool down for the drill bit. And a near-bit electrical device 7 is fixedly arranged in the guide short section 2, and the near-bit electrical device 7 transmits information underground and aboveground through a relay communication device. The relay communication device comprises a short-section electric circuit 8 which is connected with the near-bit electric device 7 and is transmitted by the bit pressure torque, the electrical circuit 8 of the pressure-on-bit torque transmission nipple is arranged in the controllable pressure-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 and synchronously rotates and/or deflects with the controllable pressure-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3, the relay communication device also comprises a relay device rotating along with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3, the relay device and the near-bit electric device 7 are separated by a plurality of bit pressure torque transmission short joints 31, and then the underground data measured by the near-bit electric device 7 is transmitted to the well through the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3 which can simultaneously generate rotation and deflection through the relay device, the stable control of the rotation and deflection of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3 is realized, and the integral steering of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3 in the short-radius well hole in a rotating state is realized. At this moment, because controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 is rotatory on the whole, consequently and the direction of its main component of frictional force between the well is the circumference tangential direction of controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3, and then has reduced the axial frictional force between the inside weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple of controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 by a wide margin for trajectory control in the ultrashort radius well can realize.

The input end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer sub array 3 refers to one end (generally located at an uphole or near-wellhead position) directly receiving torque and weight from the motor of the derrick 6, and the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer sub array 3 refers to one end (generally located downhole) transferring torque and weight from the derrick 6 to the drill bit 1. The rotating finger rotates about its axis. The deflection means that the axes of the same component are bent or included angles are formed among the axes of a plurality of coaxial components, for example, for a controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3, the axis of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3 formed by coaxial controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipples 31 is integrally bent, and the included angles are formed between adjacent coaxial controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipples 31.

The preset deflection limit angle between adjacent bit pressure torque transmission short sections of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array is not more than 8 degrees, and/or the length of a guide short section or the bit pressure torque transmission short section where the guide actuator is located is not more than 10 times of the diameter of the drill bit; and/or the minimum distance between deflection centers of all the weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array is not more than 8 times of the diameter of the drill bit, so that the weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array are prevented from excessively buckling in the weight-on-bit torque transmission process, further the weight-on-bit torque transmission is hindered, and the electrical circuit passing through the weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections is prevented from being damaged.

Example 2

Different from the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a telemetry sub 4 is provided at an input end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array 3, specifically, the telemetry sub 4 may be located above the input end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array 3, may be located between some controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub 31 at the input end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array 3, or may be provided between conventional drill strings 5, and particularly when drilling a lateral well, the telemetry sub 4 must be located in a main wellbore, that is, the length of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array 3 should be at least greater than the length of the lateral well to be drilled.

Preferably, the relay device comprises a wireless telemetry device arranged on the telemetry nipple 4, and the underground information acquired by the near-bit electrical device 7 is transmitted to the telemetry nipple 4 through the bit pressure torque transmission nipple electrical circuit 8 and then is transmitted to the wellhead-end communication equipment through the wireless telemetry device. So as to realize the multi-section relay communication from the near-bit electric device 7 to the wellhead communication equipment. The near-bit electrical device 7 is connected with the remote transmission nipple 4 through a pressure-on-bit torque transmission nipple electrical circuit 8, and the first relay communication section is L1; the telemetry sub 4 and the wellhead-end communication equipment are in data communication and/or power transmission through a wireless communication facility or other electrical lines, and the data communication and/or the power transmission is a second relay communication section L2.

Preferably, the near-bit electrical device 7 further comprises a measuring device 71 and a guiding device 72, the measuring device 71 comprises an attitude measuring module 711 and/or a formation information while drilling module 712, and the corresponding downhole information comprises attitude information and/or formation information at the near-bit.

Preferably, the sum of the maximum limit angles of all weight-on-bit torque transmission nipples located in front of the gamma measurement submodule is smaller than 12 degrees, and/or the distance between the gamma measurement module and the drill bit is smaller than 6 meters. The problems of measurement uncertainty, measurement lag and the like caused by high buckling of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 are solved.

Preferably, the near-bit electrical device 7 may be fixedly arranged at the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3.

Preferably, the near-bit electrical device 7 can be arranged in a plurality of bearing short joints at the near-bit position, such as the guide short joint 2.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the guiding device 72 and/or the attitude measurement module 711 and/or the formation information while drilling module 712 are/is provided on the guiding sub 2; or measurement nipples such as an attitude measurement nipple and/or a formation information measurement nipple for placing an attitude measurement module 711 are further arranged between the guide nipple and the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3. The utility model discloses in, in order to improve the accuracy nature of direction, the gesture measuring module with guider sets up in same nipple joint, explains promptly, in order to improve the direction performance or increase the promptness cognitive to the stratum, the direction nipple joint with the measurement nipple joint can take place the coincidence.

Preferably, the guide short section 2 can also be fixedly arranged between the drill bit 1 and the measuring short section, or between the measuring short section and the output end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array 3, or between a plurality of measuring short sections.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3-4, at least one controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple 31 from the guide nipple 2 is further provided with a power supply nipple, a power supply 94 is fixed in the power supply nipple, and the power supply 94 includes a battery and/or a downhole generator for supplying power to the other near-bit electrical devices 7.

The electric power supply short section, the guide short section 2 and the remote transmission short section 4 are mutually separated by at least one bit pressure torque transmission short section 31, or the electric power supply short section and the remote transmission short section 4 are arranged above the bit pressure torque transmission short section array 3. Its aim at for the section of self-steering nipple joint 2 to the weight-on-bit moment of torsion transmission nipple joint between the top can reach sufficient short radius well drilling camber, in order to realize furthest's deflecting function. The length of the short radius well section is less than the distance from the lower end face of the drill bit to the weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple at the uppermost end.

Preferably, a pressure buffer is arranged between the telemetry sub 2 and the controllable bit pressure torque transmission sub array 3 and is used for relieving pressure pulses transmitted downwards by the mud pulser 42 of the telemetry sub 2.

Example 3

Unlike the previous embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the guiding device 21 of the near-bit electrical device 7 is disposed between the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array 3 and the bit 1, and is used for pushing the bit 1 to complete its deflection guiding, and the guiding device 72 includes a guiding control module 721 and a guiding actuator 722. Preferably, the guiding device 21 may be disposed at a rear portion of a first weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint at an output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint array 3, the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint array 3 may be simply controllable because the guiding device 21 performs guiding deflection on the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint, and if the straightening device 9 is disposed, the straightening device 9 performs a straightening function on a universal joint of the weight-on-bit torque transmission pup joint, and the guiding deflection and the comprehensive function of the straightening device 9 realize stability and controllability of the array.

Preferably, the relay communication device further comprises a downlink instruction resolving module, the downlink instruction resolving module comprises a decoding circuit and a flow velocity sensor and/or a pressure sensor which are arranged underground, the wellhead end adjusts the pressure and/or the flow of the drilling circulation medium according to the received underground information, the decoding circuit resolves downlink guiding information according to the information about the change of the flow velocity of the drilling circulation medium along with time and/or the information about the change of the pressure of the drilling circulation medium along with time, which is measured by the flow velocity sensor and/or the pressure sensor, and transmits the downlink guiding information to the guiding control module through an electric circuit of the bit pressure torque transmission short joint; the guidance control module 721 controls the guidance electric control to be executed according to the downlink guidance information, 722 performs corresponding guidance operation. And then the long-distance drill rod drives the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3, further drives the drill bit to break rock, and generates controllable deflecting force at the drill bit.

Preferably, the downhole generator comprises a downhole turbine generator, the flow rate sensor is a turbine of the downhole turbine generator, and the information about the change of the flow rate of the drilling circulation medium with time is converted by the turbine speed of the downhole turbine generator.

Preferably, the steering control module 721 comprises a hydraulic control module 7211, the steering actuator 722 comprises a multi-rib hydraulic push actuator, the multi-rib hydraulic push actuator comprises at least 3 sets of hydraulic piston assemblies 7221 arranged symmetrically along the center of the circumferential outer surface of the steering sub 2, each set of hydraulic piston assemblies 7221 comprises a piston cylinder 72211, a piston 72212 and a push piece 72213 which are matched with each other, the piston cylinder 72211 and the piston 72212 push the push piece 72213 against the well wall along the radial direction of the steering sub 2 under the action of the hydraulic control module 7211, and the resultant force generated by the hydraulic piston assemblies respectively pushing against the well wall along the radial direction thereof deflects the drill bit 1. The utility model discloses it pushes away by the wall of a well through the control and pushes away by piece 72213 and produces the deviation center that makes drill bit 1 use controllable weight of a bit torque transmission nipple joint array 3's first controllable weight of a bit torque transmission nipple joint 21 as the center, use centralizer 93 to push away by the deflection force that the fulcrum produced, and then control drilling direction. Because the small force for generating deflection only needs to be overcome when the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array 3 deflects, the pushing force and the structure of the pushing piece 72213 can be reduced, and the overall reliability of the system is improved.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the hydraulic control module is a solenoid valve 7213, and one solenoid valve 7213 is correspondingly arranged near each hydraulic piston assembly; the solenoid valve 7213 is disposed in the side wall of the carrier body 25, and includes an axially disposed solenoid valve seat 72131 and a T-shaped retractable valve stem 72132, the solenoid valve seat 72131 includes an axial liquid accommodating chamber 721311, the T-shaped retractable valve stem 72132 slides in the axial liquid accommodating chamber 721311,

and the inner diameter of the axial liquid-receiving chamber 721311 is equal to the outer diameter of the valve stem head of the T-shaped retractable valve stem 72132, one end of the liquid containing chamber 721311 is provided with a radial high pressure inflow hole 721312 communicated with the axial through structure of the bearing body 25, and the other end is provided with a radial drain hole 721313, liquid through holes 721314 are arranged between the radial high-pressure inflow hole 721312 and the radial drain hole 721313, the piston cylinder of each group of hydraulic piston assemblies is respectively communicated with the liquid through holes 721314 through a piston guide pipe 251 arranged on the side wall of the bearing body 25, the hydraulic piston assemblies in the sector of the pre-pushing direction are arranged, the T-shaped retractable valve stem 72132 is located between the radial drain hole 721313 and the liquid through hole 721314, the liquid through hole 721314 is communicated with the radial high-pressure inflow hole 721312, so that a large pressure difference is generated between the inside and the outside of the hydraulic piston assembly, and a pushing piece is pushed to push against a well wall to generate a guiding thrust; in the corresponding hydraulic piston assembly in the area of the non-pre-thrust direction, the T-shaped telescopic valve rod 72132 of the hydraulic piston assembly is positioned between the radial high-pressure inflow hole 721312 and the liquid through hole 721314, the low-pressure drainage groove 721312 of the hydraulic piston assembly is communicated with the liquid through hole 721314, the pressure difference inside and outside the hydraulic piston assembly is equal, and therefore no guide thrust is generated.

Example 4

Unlike the previous embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the guiding sub 2 includes a driving mandrel 21 and a guiding sleeve 22 sleeved outside the driving mandrel 21, the guiding sleeve 22 is sleeved outside the driving mandrel 21 through at least two pairs of composite bearings 23-24, each of the composite bearings 23/24 includes an axial thrust bearing 231 and a radial centering bearing 232, one end of the driving mandrel 21 is fixedly provided with the drill bit 1, the other end of the driving mandrel 21 is fixedly connected with the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmitting sub array 3, and the guiding device 72 and the measuring device 71 are arranged in the guiding sleeve 21; the relay communication device further comprises an electric energy transmission device 81, wherein the electric energy transmission device 81 comprises an energy transmitting end 811 and an energy receiving end 812, the energy transmitting end 811 and the energy receiving end 812 are respectively arranged on the driving mandrel 21 or the guide sleeve 22, so that energy transmission and signal transmission between the near-bit electric device 7 and the electric line 8 of the pressure-drilling torque transmission nipple are realized; the power transmission means 81 may be a conductive slip ring or a wireless power transmission means. 3 sets of hydraulic piston assemblies 7221-7223 are arranged centrally symmetrically on the circumferential outer surface of the guide sleeve 22, each set of hydraulic piston assemblies 7221-7223 being provided with an independent hydraulic system directly connected to the piston cylinder 72211. The independent hydraulic system deflects the drill bit 1 by the combined forces generated by the respective pistons 72212 and the respective pushing members 72213 pushing against the borehole wall in the radial direction of the guide sleeve 22 according to the guiding information received by the hydraulic control module 7211.

Example 5

Different from the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the guiding sub 2 includes a bearing body 25 having an axial through structure, one end of the bearing body 25 is fixedly connected to the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission sub array 3, the drill bit 1 is fixedly disposed at the other end of the bearing body 25, the guiding control module 721 and the measuring device 71 are disposed in the bearing body 25, and the guiding control module 721 and the measuring device 71 are directly connected to the electrical line 8 passing through the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub.

Preferably, the hydraulic control module is an electric rotary valve 7212, the electric rotary valve 7212 is disposed in an axial through structure of the carrier body 25, and includes a rotary valve spool 72121 and a rotary valve housing 72122 that are disposed in the axial direction of the carrier body 25 and have an axial high-pressure diversion hole 721211 at the center, the axial high-pressure diversion hole 721211 communicates with the axial through structure of the carrier body 25 and further communicates with the bit liquid through hole 11 of the drill bit 1, the outer end surface of the rotary valve housing 72122 seals the axial through structure in the carrier body 25 where the guide actuator 722 is located, and the drilling circulation medium in the carrier body 25 flows into the drill bit 1 through the axial high-pressure diversion hole 721211; the piston cylinder of each group of hydraulic piston assembly is respectively communicated with the axial through structure of the bearing body 25 through a piston guide pipe 251 arranged on the side wall of the bearing body 25, a low-pressure drainage hole 252 penetrating through the side wall of the bearing body 25 and the rotary valve casing 72122 is arranged near the piston guide pipe 251, the rotary valve spool 72121 is provided with a low-pressure drainage groove 721212 and a first high-pressure inflow hole 721213 connected with the axial high-pressure flow guide hole 721211, the rotary valve casing 72122 is provided with a plurality of liquid inflow holes 721221 fixedly butted with the piston guide pipe 251, the rotary valve spool 72121 is rotated to enable the first high-pressure inflow hole 721213 to always face the pre-pushing direction, when the hydraulic piston assembly rotates to a sector area of the pre-pushing direction, the first high-pressure inflow hole 721213 is butted with the liquid inflow hole 721221, and a high-pressure drilling circulating medium flows into the hydraulic piston assembly, large pressure difference is generated between the inside and the outside of the hydraulic piston assembly, and then the pushing piece 72213 is pushed to push against the well wall to generate guiding thrust; the low-pressure discharge groove 721212 of the corresponding hydraulic piston assembly in the area of the non-pre-thrust direction is simultaneously abutted against the low-pressure discharge hole 252 and the liquid inlet hole 721221, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the hydraulic piston assembly is equal, so that the guide thrust is not generated.

Preferably, the hydraulic control module 7211 further includes a hydraulic control chip, and the sector of the pre-thrust direction is calculated and set on the hydraulic control chip according to the high corner of the bit face measured by the attitude measurement module 711.

Example 6

Different from the embodiment, the limit deflection angle between adjacent controllable bit pressure torque transmission short sections of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array 3 is not more than 8 degrees, so that the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short sections in the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short section array are prevented from excessively buckling in the process of transmitting the bit pressure torque, further the transmission of the bit pressure torque is prevented, and the electric lines passing through the bit pressure torque transmission short sections are prevented from being damaged; and/or the distance from the drill bit 1 to the deflection center of the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array 3 is not more than 10 times of the diameter of the drill bit 1; and/or the minimum distance between the deflection centers of all the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array 3 is not more than 8 times of the diameter of the drill bit 1, so that on the basis of stable transmission of tissue ni and torque of the device, the section between the weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections from the drill bit to the uppermost end can reach the curvature which is enough to finish the drilling of a short-radius well, and the maximum deflecting function is realized.

Example 7

Unlike the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, an electrical line protection layer 82 is provided outside the electrical line 8 passing through the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub, and the electrical line protection layer 82 includes an elastic steel pipe capable of accommodating the electrical line 8 passing through the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub or a steel sheet tightly wound outside the electrical line 8 passing through the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub. And the electric circuit 8 of the pressure-drilling torque transmission nipple comprises a cable which is connected with the near-bit electric device 7 and the remote transmission nipple 4 in series.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the through structure G includes a constant diameter through hole G1 opened around the axis of the controlled weight on bit torque transmission nipple array 3, and the constant diameter through hole G1 has a deflection interval G2, and is connected in series by a flexible pressure-bearing short flow tube 92. The flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe 92 is a pressure-bearing sealing structure and is used for protecting a deflection component of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission short joint array 3 from being damaged by high-pressure drilling circulating media in a through structure. The deflective spacer G2 is positioned at a plurality of adjacent deflective components with gaps or adjacent deflective components which generate gaps and dislocation when deflecting, and the constant-diameter through hole G1 and the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe 92 jointly form a main flow channel for circulation of a drilling circulation medium.

Preferably, the short radius directional drilling tool further comprises a flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 closely attached to the through structure G, and a main flow passage for circulation of a drilling circulation medium is arranged inside the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91. At the moment, the wall thickness of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is not less than 3 mm, and the radius, the elastic modulus and the like of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe can be reasonably selected according to the hole expanding condition, the build-up rate requirement and the drilling pressure condition.

Preferably, a mud pulser is arranged inside the remote transmission nipple 4, and the remote transmission nipple 4 is arranged at the input end of the controllable bit pressure and torque transmission nipple array 3 and used for preventing pressure waves generated by the mud pulser from damaging the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub electrical line 8 or the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub electrical line 8 with the electrical line protection layer 82 is provided in the main flow passage.

Preferably, the electric circuit 8 of the pressure-transmitted torque transfer sub or the electric circuit 8 of the pressure-transmitted torque transfer sub with the electric circuit protection layer 82 is directly fixed on the outer wall surface of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 through a circuit fixing member 83, and the arrangement mode of the electric circuit 8 of the pressure-transmitted torque transfer sub on the outer wall surface of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 includes spiral winding arrangement or direct arrangement along the axial direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91.

Preferably, the outer wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 is provided with an electrical line accommodating groove 911, the electrical line accommodating groove 911 extends along the axial direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91, and/or the electrical line accommodating groove 911 is spirally wound around the outer wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 with the axial direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 as the center. The electrical line accommodating groove 911 is provided with the electrical line 8 of the through-bit-pressure torque transmission nipple or the electrical line 8 of the through-bit-pressure torque transmission nipple with the electrical line protection layer 82.

Example 8

Unlike the above embodiments, the length of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer sub array is greater than 15 meters.

Preferably, the short radius directional drilling tool further comprises a straightening device arranged inside the through structure, wherein the straightening device is at least connected with adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short section array, and enables the adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission short sections to always have the tendency of keeping the coaxial characteristic.

Preferably, the straightening device may be the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe 91 or a corrugated sealing pipe 9 arranged outside a universal joint of the bit pressure torque transmission nipple.

Preferably, the electric energy transmission device 81 is a wireless energy transmission device, the wireless energy transmission device is arranged between the driving mandrel 21 and the guide sleeve 22, and electric energy is transmitted to the near-bit electric device 7 in the guide sleeve 22 from an energy emission control circuit behind the driving mandrel 21 in a high-frequency wireless energy transmission mode, so that energy transmission between the near-bit electric device 7 and the electric line 8 of the pressure-reduced torque transmission sub is realized; the energy emission control circuit is arranged in an energy emission control short section 73, the energy emission control short section 73 is arranged behind the driving mandrel 21, and at least one bit pressure torque transmission short section 31 is arranged at a distance from the driving mandrel 21, as shown in fig. 5, so as to save the space position of each section; or as shown in fig. 6, the power supply nipple 94 is disposed behind the energy emission control nipple 73, and is spaced from the energy emission control nipple 73 by at least one weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple 31; the energy emission control circuit converts the power transmitted by the power supply into high-frequency alternating current with the center frequency of 20-50k, and the high-frequency alternating current is transmitted to the guide sleeve 22 through the wireless energy transmission device to supply power to the near-bit electric device 7.

Example 9

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A short radius directional drilling tool is characterized by comprising a controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, a near bit electric device and a bit which are fixed near the output end of the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, and a relay communication device which is electrically connected with the near bit electric device; the relay communication device comprises a relay device rotating along with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array and a through bit pressure torque transmission nipple electrical circuit, the through bit pressure torque transmission nipple electrical circuit is arranged in the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array and is electrically connected with the relay device, and the relay device and the near bit electrical device are separated by a plurality of bit pressure torque transmission nipples to realize remote communication of the near bit electrical device and a wellhead end.

2. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 1, wherein a telemetry sub is serially connected between any two of the input ends of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs or the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs, the relay device comprises a wireless telemetry device provided at the telemetry sub, and downhole information obtained by the near-bit electrical device transmitted through the electrical lines of the weight-on-bit torque transfer subs is transmitted to the wellhead end through the wireless telemetry device.

3. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 2, wherein the near bit electrical device comprises a steering device, the steering device is sleeved outside a driving mandrel between the output end of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transmitting subs and the drill bit or arranged in a steering subs between the output end of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transmitting subs and the drill bit for driving the drill bit to complete its deflection steering under rotary drilling conditions, and the steering device comprises a steering control module and a steering actuator.

4. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 3, wherein the relay communication device further comprises a downlink command resolution module, the downlink instruction resolving module comprises a decoding circuit and a flow velocity sensor and/or a pressure sensor which are arranged underground, the wellhead end adjusts the pressure and/or the flow of a drilling circulating medium according to the received underground information, the decoding circuit calculates the downlink guide information according to the change information of the flow speed of the drilling circulation medium and/or the change information of the pressure of the drilling circulation medium, which is measured by the flow speed sensor and/or the pressure sensor, along with the time, and transmits the downlink guiding information to the guiding control module through an electric circuit of the bit pressure torque transmission short section, and the guide control module controls the guide actuator to perform corresponding guide operation according to the downlink guide information.

5. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 4, wherein the preset deflection limit angle between adjacent weight torque transfer subs of the array of controllable weight torque transfer subs is no greater than 8 °; and/or the distance from the drill bit to the deflection center of the output end of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission nipple array is not more than 10 times of the diameter of the drill bit; and/or the length of the guide short section or the bit pressure torque transmission short section where the guide actuator is located does not exceed 8 times of the diameter of the drill bit; and/or the minimum distance between the deflection centers of the individual weight-on-bit torque transfer subs in the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs must not exceed 8 times the diameter of the drill bit.

6. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 2, wherein an electrical line protection layer is provided outside the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub electrical line, the electrical line protection layer comprising a metal tube and/or a steel sheet wound tightly around the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub electrical line and/or a wire-wound rubber tube wound tightly around the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub electrical line.

7. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 6, wherein the pass-through structure comprises constant diameter pass-through holes opened at the axis of the weight-on-bit torque transmission sub, and the positions of the constant diameter pass-through holes with deflection spacers are connected together in series through a flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe; two ends of the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe are respectively connected with the equal-diameter through holes of the two adjacent drilling pressure torque transmission short sections in a sealing manner; the constant-diameter through hole and the flexible pressure-bearing short flow pipe jointly form a main flow channel for circulation of a drilling circulation medium; and/or a flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is arranged in the through structure in a through mode, the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is fixedly connected with the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array, and a main flow channel for circulation of a drilling circulation medium is arranged in the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe.

8. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 7, wherein the weight-on-bit torque transfer sub electrical pathway or the weight-on-bit torque transfer sub electrical pathway with the electrical pathway protection layer is disposed within the primary flow passage; and/or the outer pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is provided with an electrical line fixing part for fixing the electrical line passing through the bit pressure torque transmission nipple on the outer side of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe, and/or the outer pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is provided with an electrical line accommodating groove for accommodating and fixing the electrical line passing through the bit pressure torque transmission nipple, and the electrical line accommodating groove extends along the axis direction of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe or is spirally wound and arranged on the outer pipe wall of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe by taking the axis of the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe as a center.

9. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 7 or 8, wherein a mud pulser is disposed within the telemetry sub, and the telemetry sub is disposed at the input end of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission subs for preventing pressure waves generated by the mud pulser from damaging the flexible through pressure-bearing flow tube.

10. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 4, wherein the near-bit electrical device further comprises a measurement device comprising an attitude measurement module and/or a formation information while drilling measurement module, the corresponding downhole information comprising attitude information and/or formation information at the near-bit; the measuring device can be arranged in the guide short section, or the near-bit electric device is arranged in a plurality of measuring short sections at the position of the near-bit.

11. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 10, wherein the steering control module comprises a hydraulic steering control module, the corresponding steering actuator comprises a multi-ribbed hydraulic push actuator, the multi-ribbed hydraulic push actuator comprises at least 3 sets of hydraulic piston assemblies arranged along the center of the outer surface of the steering sub symmetrically, each set of hydraulic piston assemblies comprises a piston cylinder, a piston and a push member which are matched with each other, the piston cylinder and the piston push the push member to push against the well wall along the radial direction of the steering sub under the action of the hydraulic control module, and the combined force generated by the multiple sets of piston assemblies respectively pushing against the well wall along the radial direction of the piston assemblies deflects the drill bit.

12. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 11, wherein the guide sub comprises a driving mandrel and a guide sleeve sleeved outside the driving mandrel, the guide sleeve is sleeved outside the driving mandrel by at least two pairs of composite bearings, the composite bearings comprise an axial thrust bearing and a radial centering bearing, one end of the driving mandrel is fixedly provided with the drill bit, and the other end of the driving mandrel is fixedly connected with the output end of the controllable weight and torque transmission sub array; the guide device and the measuring device are arranged in the guide sleeve; the relay communication device further comprises an electric energy transmission device, and the electric energy transmission device is arranged on the driving mandrel or the guide sleeve so as to realize energy transmission and signal transmission between the near-bit electric device and the electric circuit of the sub-joint for transmitting the torque through the bit pressure; the electric energy transmission device can be a conductive slip ring or a wireless energy transmission device, and each set of piston assembly is provided with an independent hydraulic system directly connected with the piston cylinder.

13. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 11, wherein the guide sub comprises a carrier body with an axial through-structure, one end of the carrier body is fixedly connected to the output end of the array of controlled weight-on-bit torque transfer subs, the drill bit is fixedly disposed at the other end of the carrier body, the guide control module and the attitude measurement module are disposed in the carrier body, and the guide control module and the attitude measurement module are directly connected to the electrical lines of the weight-on-bit torque transfer subs.

14. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 13, wherein the hydraulic control module comprises an electric rotary valve, the electric rotary valve is arranged in an axial through structure of the bearing body and comprises a rotary valve core and a rotary valve casing, the rotary valve core and the rotary valve casing are arranged in the bearing body, the rotary valve core and the rotary valve casing are provided with high-pressure diversion holes, the guide control module is sealed in a pressure bearing structure of the bearing body, the bearing body is a through structure, and the drilling circulation medium can flow into the drill bit through the axial through structure in the bearing body; the guiding actuator comprises at least three groups of hydraulic piston assemblies, the piston cylinder of each group of hydraulic piston assembly is respectively arranged on the side wall of the bearing body, the rotary valve casing is communicated with the piston cylinder through a piston guide pipe, a low-pressure drainage hole is arranged near the piston guide pipe, the rotary valve core is provided with a low-pressure drainage groove and a first high-pressure inflow hole connected with the high-pressure guide hole, the rotary valve casing is provided with a plurality of liquid inflow holes fixedly butted with the piston guide pipe, the rotary valve core is rotated to enable the first high-pressure inflow hole to always face the preset direction of the guiding controller, when the hydraulic piston assembly rotates to a sector where the preset pushing direction is located, the first high-pressure inflow hole is butted with the liquid inflow hole, high-pressure drilling circulating medium flows into the hydraulic piston assembly, so that a large pressure difference is generated inside and outside the hydraulic piston assembly, thereby pushing the pushing piece to push against the well wall to generate a guiding thrust; the low-pressure discharge groove of the corresponding hydraulic piston assembly in the area of the non-pre-pushing direction is simultaneously butted with the low-pressure discharge hole and the liquid inlet hole, the internal and external pressure difference of the hydraulic piston assembly is equal, and further, the guiding thrust is not generated; the resultant force of the multiple groups of hydraulic piston assemblies changes the rock breaking direction of the drill bit, so that the controllable bit pressure torque transmission nipple array realizes the guiding function in a rotating state.

15. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 13, wherein the hydraulic control module comprises solenoid valves, one for each hydraulic piston assembly; the electromagnetic valve is arranged in the side wall of the bearing body and comprises an electromagnetic valve seat and a T-shaped telescopic valve rod which are axially arranged, the electromagnetic valve seat comprises an axial liquid containing cavity, the T-shaped telescopic valve rod slides in the axial liquid containing cavity, the inner diameter of the axial liquid containing cavity is equal to the outer diameter of a valve rod head of the T-shaped telescopic valve rod, one end of the liquid containing cavity is provided with a radial high-pressure inlet hole communicated with the axial through structure, the other end of the liquid containing cavity is provided with a radial drain hole, a liquid through hole is formed between the radial high-pressure inlet hole and the radial drain hole, a piston cylinder of each group of hydraulic piston assembly is communicated with the liquid through hole through a piston guide pipe arranged on the side wall of the bearing body, the hydraulic piston assembly is in a sector of the pre-pushing direction, and the T-shaped telescopic valve rod of the hydraulic piston assembly is positioned between the radial drain hole and the liquid through hole, the liquid through hole is communicated with the radial high-pressure inflow hole, so that a large pressure difference is generated inside and outside the hydraulic piston assembly, and the pushing piece is pushed to push against a well wall to generate a guiding thrust; the corresponding hydraulic piston assembly in the area of the non-pre-pushing direction has a T-shaped telescopic valve rod located between the radial high-pressure pressing-in flow hole and the liquid through hole, a low-pressure discharge groove communicated with the liquid through hole, and the hydraulic piston assembly has equal internal and external pressure difference and does not generate guiding thrust.

16. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 14 or 15, wherein the hydraulic control module further comprises a hydraulic control chip, and the sector in which the pre-thrust direction is located is set on the hydraulic control chip according to a bit toolface height corner measured by the attitude measurement module.

17. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 10, wherein the formation information while drilling measurement module comprises a gamma measurement sub-module and/or a resistivity measurement sub-module and/or a formation density measurement sub-module and/or a formation acoustic moveout measurement sub-module, and the corresponding formation information comprises formation gamma ray intensity information and/or formation resistivity information and/or formation density information and/or formation acoustic moveout information.

18. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 17, wherein the sum of the maximum limit angles of all weight-on-bit torque transfer subs forward of the gamma measurement sub is less than 12 °, and/or the distance of the gamma measurement sub from the drill bit is less than 6 meters.

19. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 12, further comprising a power supply sub at least one of the controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs from the guide sub, the power supply sub comprising a power supply source comprising a battery and/or a downhole turbine generator for powering the near-bit electrical devices.

20. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 19, wherein the power supply sub, the steering sub, and the telemetry sub are spaced apart from one another by at least one of the weight-on-bit torque transfer sub, or the power supply sub and the telemetry sub are each disposed above the array of weight-on-bit torque transfer subs.

21. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 19 or 20, wherein the flow rate sensor is a turbine of the downhole turbine generator, and the information on the change of the flow rate of the drilling circulation medium with time is converted by the turbine speed of the downhole turbine generator.

22. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs is greater than 15 meters in length.

23. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 7, further comprising a straightener connecting at least adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs and tending to maintain the coaxial nature of adjacent controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs at all times.

24. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 23, wherein the straightening device is the flexible through pressurized flow tube.

25. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 7, further comprising a seal for keeping drilling circulation medium from entering the deflection gap travel of the array of controllable weight-on-bit torque transfer subs, wherein the seal may be the flexible through-going pressure-bearing flow tube and/or flexible pressure-bearing short flow tube and/or corrugated seal tube disposed outside the gimbal of the weight-on-bit torque transfer subs.

26. The short radius directional drilling tool of claim 19, wherein the power transmission device is a wireless power transmission device disposed between the drive mandrel and the guide sleeve for transmitting power from a power transmission control circuit behind the drive mandrel to the near bit electrical device in the guide sleeve by way of high frequency wireless power transmission; the energy emission control circuit is arranged in the energy emission control short section, the energy emission control short section is arranged behind the driving mandrel and at least one bit pressure torque transmission short section is arranged at an interval with the driving mandrel; the power supply short section is arranged behind the energy emission control short section and at least one bit pressure torque transmission short section is arranged at a distance from the energy emission control short section; the energy emission control circuit converts the power transmitted by the power supply into high-frequency alternating current with the center frequency of 3k-200k, and the high-frequency alternating current is transmitted to the guide sleeve through the wireless energy transmission device to provide power for the near-bit electric device.