CN113400763A - 一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于透波材料技术领域，特别涉及一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料及其制备方法。该玄武岩纤维透波复合材料组分含有玄武岩纤维及表面覆盖层、热固性树脂及固化剂，所述的表面覆盖层为硅系高分子聚合物。本发明还提供玄武岩纤维透波复合材料的制备方法，一方面解决了玄武岩纤维与树脂基体界面结合差的问题，提高了复合材料的力学性能；另一方面大幅降低了玄武岩纤维的介电常数和介电损耗，使其性能满足雷达罩等应用领域的技术要求；采用高强度、低成本的玄武岩纤维替代石英纤维，使吸波复合材料的成本降低了50％，力学性能提高了30％。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于透波材料技术领域，特别涉及一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
玄武岩纤维具有力学性能优异、耐腐蚀性好、耐高低温等特点，是一种综合性能优异、性价比高的新型绿色环保无机纤维材料，在国防军工领域具有广阔的应用前景。
玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料可应用于天线罩、雷达罩等透波材料领域。然而玄武岩纤维的应用存在以下两个问题:(1)玄武岩纤维表面光滑，化学活性低，不利于与树脂基体的粘接；(2)玄武岩纤维介电常数为5～6，直接使用难以满足雷达罩等高端应用领域的透波性能要求。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明对玄武岩纤维表面进行处理，在玄武岩表面覆盖一层低介电聚合物，一方面解决了玄武岩纤维与树脂基体界面结合差的问题，提高了复合材料的力学性能；另一方面大幅降低了玄武岩纤维的介电常数和介电损耗，使其性能满足雷达罩等应用领域的技术要求。
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其组分含有玄武岩纤维及表面覆盖层、热固性树脂及固化剂，所述的表面覆盖层为硅系高分子聚合物。
具体的，所述组分的质量份数分别为：玄武岩纤维50～70份，表面覆盖层1～5份，热固性树脂及固化剂30～50份。
具体的，所述玄武岩纤维织物为玄武岩纤维平纹织物、斜纹织物或多轴向织物中的一种。
具体的，所述热固性树脂为氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂或环氧树脂中的一种。
具体的，所述的硅系高分子聚合物为改性的聚硅氧烷或改性的有机硅树脂。
具体的，改性的聚硅氧烷包括羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基封端甲基乙烯基聚硅氧烷、环氧改性聚硅氧烷或聚醚改性聚硅氧烷等。
具体的，改性的有机硅树脂包括甲基硅树脂、乙烯基硅树脂等。
本发明还提供一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)在玄武岩纤维表面均匀涂覆一层硅系高分子聚合物；
(2)将树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上，制备成预浸料；
(3)将上述预浸料进行裁剪和铺层，预浸料的层数根据产品的厚度要求来选取；
(4)采用模压工艺进行预固化，并用烘箱对模压制得的透波复合材料进行后固化。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)一方面解决了玄武岩纤维与树脂基体界面结合差的问题，提高了复合材料的力学性能；另一方面大幅降低了玄武岩纤维的介电常数和介电损耗，使其性能满足雷达罩等应用领域的技术要求；
(2)采用高强度、低成本的玄武岩纤维替代石英纤维，使吸波复合材料的成本降低了50％，力学性能提高了30％。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
(1)在面密度为200g/m2的玄武岩纤维平纹织物表面均匀涂覆一层羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷；
(2)将氰酸酯树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料，玄武岩纤维织物与树脂的质量比为70：30；
(3)将上述预浸料进行裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，12层铺叠在一起，以制备3mm厚的透波复合材料；
(4)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为180℃，2小时。并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为220℃，2小时。
对比实施例1：
(1)选取面密度为200g/m2的玄武岩纤维平纹织物，将氰酸酯树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料，玄武岩纤维织物与树脂的质量比为70：30；
(2)将上述预浸料进行裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，12层铺叠在一起，以制备3mm厚的透波复合材料；
(3)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为180℃，2小时。并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为220℃，2小时。
实施例2：
(1)在面密度为300g/m2的玄武岩纤维多轴向织物表面均匀涂覆一层环氧改性聚硅氧烷；
(2)将双马来酰亚胺树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料，玄武岩纤维织物与树脂的质量比为65：35；
(3)将上述预浸料进行裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，8层铺叠在一起，以制备3mm厚的透波复合材料；
(4)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为200℃，2小时。并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为250℃，2小时。
对比实施例2：
(1)选取面密度为300g/m2的玄武岩纤维多轴向织物，将双马来酰亚胺树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料，玄武岩纤维织物与树脂的质量比为65：35；
(2)将上述预浸料进行裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，8层铺叠在一起，以制备3mm厚的透波复合材料；
(3)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为200℃，2小时。并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为250℃，2小时。
实施例3：
(1)在面密度为150g/m2的玄武岩纤维斜纹织物表面均匀涂覆一层聚醚改性聚硅氧烷；
(2)将环氧树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料，玄武岩纤维织物与树脂的质量比为75：25；
(3)将上述预浸料进行裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，16层铺叠在一起，以制备3mm厚的透波复合材料；
(4)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为150℃，2小时。并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为180℃，2小时。
对比实施例3：
(1)选取面密度为150g/m2的玄武岩纤维斜纹织物，将环氧树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上制备成预浸料，玄武岩纤维织物与树脂的质量比为75：25；
(2)将上述预浸料进行裁剪成300mm*300mm尺寸，16层铺叠在一起，以制备3mm厚的透波复合材料；
(3)采用模压工艺进行预固化，预固化温度为150℃，2小时。并用烘箱对模压制得的复合材料进行后固化，后固化温度为180℃，2小时。
实施例和对比实施例的介电性能如下表所示：
| 介电性能 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比实施例1 | 对比实施例2 | 对比实施例3 |
| 介电常数 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.9 |
| 介电损耗 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.025 | 0.032 | 0.046 |
Claims (7)
1.一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其特征在于：其组分含有玄武岩纤维及表面覆盖层、热固性树脂及固化剂，所述的表面覆盖层为硅系高分子聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其特征在于：所述组分的质量份数分别为：玄武岩纤维50～70份，表面覆盖层1～5份，热固性树脂及固化剂30～50份。
3.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其特征在于：所述玄武岩纤维为玄武岩纤维平纹织物、斜纹织物或多轴向织物中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其特征在于：所述热固性树脂为氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂或环氧树脂中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其特征在于：所述硅系高分子聚合物为改性的聚硅氧烷。
6.根据权利要求5所述玄武岩纤维透波复合材料，其特征在于：所述改性的聚硅氧烷为羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基封端甲基乙烯基聚硅氧烷、环氧改性聚硅氧烷或聚醚改性聚硅氧烷。
7.一种玄武岩纤维透波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：
(1)在玄武岩纤维表面均匀涂覆一层硅系高分子聚合物；
(2)将树脂均匀地涂敷在玄武岩纤维织物上，制备成预浸料；
(3)将上述预浸料进行裁剪和铺层，预浸料的层数根据产品的厚度要求来选取；
(4)采用模压工艺进行预固化，并用烘箱对模压制得的透波复合材料进行后固化。
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| CN115029064A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-09-09 | 烟台万华新材料技术有限公司 | 一种薄型吸波玄武岩鳞片水性硅树脂涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN116023821A (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-28 | 四川渝拓橡塑工程有限公司 | 一种透波防护复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN104129081A (zh) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-11-05 | 四川航天五源复合材料有限公司 | 一种连续玄武岩纤维复合材料的制备工艺 |
| CN111234588A (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-05 | 上杭汉晶新材料科技有限公司 | 一种吸波涂料及其制备方法 |
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| CN111234588A (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-05 | 上杭汉晶新材料科技有限公司 | 一种吸波涂料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115029064A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-09-09 | 烟台万华新材料技术有限公司 | 一种薄型吸波玄武岩鳞片水性硅树脂涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN116023821A (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-28 | 四川渝拓橡塑工程有限公司 | 一种透波防护复合材料及其制备方法 |
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