CN113398977A - 以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113398977A CN113398977A CN202110774065.1A CN202110774065A CN113398977A CN 113398977 A CN113398977 A CN 113398977A CN 202110774065 A CN202110774065 A CN 202110774065A CN 113398977 A CN113398977 A CN 113398977A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- doped carbon
- cigarette ends
- doped
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XZWVIKHJBNXWAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon;azane Chemical compound N.[Ar] XZWVIKHJBNXWAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 16
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007038 hydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AAMATCKFMHVIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;1h-pyrrole Chemical compound N.C=1C=CNC=1 AAMATCKFMHVIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;pyridine Chemical compound N.C1=CC=NC=C1 DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002523 mercuric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- -1 mercury ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/617—500-1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/643—Pore diameter less than 2 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/07—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides
- C07C17/08—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated hydrocarbons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用,属于催化剂技术领域。其技术方案为:以重量计,氮掺杂碳催化剂包括以下成分:85‑92%的三维多孔碳骨架、3‑10%的掺杂于碳层中的氮原子以及4‑8%的氧原子。本发明以废弃烟头为碳源,原位氮掺杂后增加其表面积和氮含量,制备了一种氮掺杂碳非金属催化剂,与传统的活性炭对比,显示出了优异的活性;废弃烟头随处可得且其污染环境,对其处理后不仅减轻了对环境的破坏,还得到了绿色经济的高效催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是世界五大合成塑料之一,且其生产中能大量消耗氯气,促进了氯碱工业的发展。据报道其世界年生产量已经达到了3800万吨,而氯乙烯单体的合成是聚氯乙烯生产的关键技术之一,目前世界上的氯乙烯合成技术有两大类,即乙烯氧氯化法和乙炔氢氯化法。我国石油资源匮乏,煤炭储量相对丰富,据报道,我国2007年乙炔法合成聚氯乙烯产量在国内PVC行业中占总量的70%以上,而国内生产的电石有近80%都用于生产PVC。因此,乙炔法仍有很大的发展前景。
目前,在乙炔氢氯化反应中应用最广泛的是传统HgCl2/AC催化剂,早已实现工业化。虽然其活性与选择性在反应中都达到了非常理想的效果,但是在工业应用中它仍然存在很多缺陷。首先,由于汞离子是物理吸附在活性炭孔道内壁上的,所以其热稳定性很差,在80℃时就有少量氯化汞开始升华流失,120℃后升华速率加快,超过160℃后升华速率直线上升,致使催化活性下降,氯化汞的消耗量增加。其次,生产中氯化汞分解后产生的汞易升华,进入大气污染环境,且易被人体吸入,危害人类健康。基于汞的危害,许多科研工作者致力于寻找替代汞的催化剂,其中贵金属催化剂金、钯、钌等展现出了良好的催化活性。但金属催化剂价格昂贵,在反应中易失活导致催化剂使用寿命缩短。
基于上述催化剂存在的不足和水俣公约发行将禁汞这一工作提上日程,PVC行业的发展迫使研制出一种高活性、高稳定性、高选择性的绿色环保型非金属催化剂,这也符合绿色化学的发展方向。
近年来,氮掺杂碳催化剂在乙炔氢氯化领域显示出了非凡的热度。许多研究表明,氮的含量的物种会显著影响催化剂的催化性能。反应过程分为五部,分别是乙炔的吸附,氯化氢吸附,氯化氢活化,产物氯乙烯的生成和从催化剂上脱附。由于乙炔比氯化氢的结合能更强,所以反应从吸附乙炔开始。目前,关于氮掺杂碳催化剂中发挥主要作用的是哪一类氮物种,不同的课题组持有不同的看法。主要分为吡咯氮、吡啶氮和石墨氮,也有少部分人认为四季氮也是活性位点之一。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以废弃烟头为碳源,原位氮掺杂后增加其表面积和氮含量,制备了一种氮掺杂碳非金属催化剂,与传统的活性炭对比,显示出了优异的活性;废弃烟头随处可得且其污染环境,对其处理后不仅减轻了对环境的破坏,还得到了绿色经济的高效催化剂。
第一方面,本发明提供了一种以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂,以重量计包括以下成分:85-92%的三维多孔碳骨架、3-10%的掺杂于碳层中的氮原子以及4-8%的氧原子。
优选地,三维多孔碳骨架中,多孔碳的平均孔径为0.5-5nm,比表面积为300-1000m2/g,具有丰富的微孔和中孔结构。
优选地,所述氮掺杂碳催化剂中含有微量金属。
优选地,所述微量金属为Ti、Cd及As。
第二方面,本发明还提供了上述氮掺杂碳催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)收集废弃烟头,将其过滤嘴洗涤后烘干,于惰性气氛中,对过滤嘴表面进行碳化,得到中间产物;
2)于含氮气氛中,对步骤1)制得的中间产物进行氮掺杂,制得氮掺杂碳催化剂。
优选地,步骤1)中,碳化温度为500-1000℃,低于500℃时,碳化不充分;高于1000℃时,产量太少,碳大部分以石墨碳形式存在。
优选地,步骤1)中,所述惰性气氛为氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种,惰性气体的流量为20-80mL/min。
优选地,步骤2)中,含氮气氛为氨气或氨氩混合气。
优选地,步骤2)中,含氮气体的流量为10-60mL/min。
第三方面,本发明还提供了上述氮掺杂碳催化剂的应用,用于固相催化反应。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明针对现有乙炔氢氯化金属催化剂价格昂贵,且对环境不友好、炭载体容易破碎,造成催化剂易失活、污染产品等问题,利用生活中的废弃烟头为碳材料,在废弃烟头表面生成高比表面积的碳层,并对碳层进行原位活化及氮原子表面改性,制备出了一种新型的CB-N催化剂,提高了催化活性,且有望在工业中部分替代现阶段使用的金属催化剂。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的SEM&Mapping图,其中图(a)是CB-N的SEM图,图(b)-(d)分别是CB-N中N、C、O原子的元素分布图。
图2是实施例1制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的透射电镜照。
图3是实施例1制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的N2等温吸脱附曲线。
图4是实施例1制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的孔隙分布图。
图5是实施例1及对比例1中不同催化剂的XPS谱图。
图6是实施例1制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的N1s拟合曲线。
图7是实施例1制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的XRD谱图。
图8是实施例1及对比例1中不同催化剂的乙炔氢氯化催化活性对比图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂(CB-N)的制备方法如下:
1)将废弃的烟头收集起来,收集烟头的过滤嘴,在清水中浸泡一天,然后乙醇洗涤后烘干;在500℃温度下,于流量为20mL/min的氮气、氩气或氦气惰性气氛中,对过滤嘴表面进行碳化,得到的中间产物命名为CB;
2)通入流量为10mL/min的含氮气氛(如氨气或氨氩混合气等),对中间产物CB进行氮掺杂,制得的最终产物氮掺杂碳催化剂命名为CB-N。
如图1所示,本实施例制备的CB-N催化剂在碳材料的表面有一些斑点,这是废弃烟头中的金属钛;且能够清楚地看到C、N、O元素的分布,根据颜色的深浅程度可以看出,C的含量最多,O次之,N最少。图7中除碳峰以外,有明显的二氧化钛的峰,证明CB-N催化剂中含有少量的二氧化钛,这是因为二氧化钛被应用在烟头的漂白处理中,所以会有残留的少量钛。
如图2所示,在低倍镜下,能够明显地看到CB-N催化剂具有丰富的孔结构,高倍镜下有晶格结构,晶格无序分布,可以看出主要是以非定型碳的形式存在。碳材料表面具有丰富的孔洞,氮掺杂过程中对碳材料有刻蚀作用,使其表面更加粗糙,使得比表面积增大,更容易吸附,有利于提高催化性能。
如图3所示,在微孔时,N2等温吸脱附曲线有明显的上升,证明有大量的微孔分布;曲线具有明显的loop环,证明CB-N催化剂中也存在中孔和大孔。证明CB-N催化剂的孔结构丰富,具有较好的吸附性能。
如图4所示,存在0.57nm和1.18nm的微孔结构,其中0.57nm的微孔最多;并存在3.79nm的中孔结构。整体说明了CB-N催化剂的孔结构丰富,且其中大部分是微孔,有利于气体的吸附。
对比例1
对比例1的骨架材料采用AC(商用活性炭,40-60目),对AC进行与实施例1的CB-N相同的原位氮掺杂,得到氮掺杂活性炭样品AC-N。
由图5可知,实施例1及对比例1制备的不同催化剂,主要以碳、氮、氧三种元素为主。
表1为实施例1与对比例1制备的不同催化剂的比表面积和孔隙体积:
表1
通过对比可以看出,实施例1制备的CB-N催化剂的比表面积显著高于对比例1的催化剂样品,而且孔隙体积更大,这都有利于催化乙炔氢氯化反应的进行。
表2为实施例1与对比例1制备的不同催化剂的氮含量及不同氮物种比例:
表2
通过对比可以看出,实施例1制备的CB-N催化剂的含氮量最高,氮掺杂可以增加吡咯氮的含量,通过和图6的对比分析,我们支持吡咯氮在乙炔氢氯化中起关键作用这一观点。
实施例2
对实施例1级对比例1制备的不同催化剂的乙炔氢氯化催化活性进行评价,反应在微型固定床反应器(GC-7900Techcomp)中进行。分别将50mg-200mg实施例1及对比例1制备的催化剂放置于石英反应管中,通入乙炔与氯化氢的混合气(其中乙炔:氯化氢的体积比为1:1.2),经过程序升温至200℃,每隔6min由气相色谱采样分析计算氯乙烯的转化率。
由图8可知,催化剂的催化效果由高到低依次为CB-N>CB>AC-N>AC,通过对比可以看出,氮掺杂确实可以提高催化剂的催化性能,且其中性能最佳的是实施例1制备的CB-N催化剂,在200℃下体积空速为100h-1时,乙炔转化率可达59%,这充分证明了本发明所合成出的复合材料具有超高的催化活性。
实施例3
本实施例的以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂的制备方法如下:
1)将废弃的烟头收集起来,收集烟头的过滤嘴,在清水中浸泡一天,然后乙醇洗涤后烘干;在700℃温度下,于流量为50mL/min的氮气、氩气或氦气惰性气氛中,对过滤嘴表面进行碳化,得到中间产物;
2)通入流量为40mL/min的含氮气氛(如氨气或氨氩混合气等),对中间产物进行氮掺杂,制得最终产物氮掺杂碳催化剂。
实施例4
本实施例的以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂的制备方法如下:
1)将废弃的烟头收集起来,收集烟头的过滤嘴,在清水中浸泡一天,然后乙醇洗涤后烘干;在1000℃温度下,于流量为80mL/min的氮气、氩气或氦气惰性气氛中,对过滤嘴表面进行碳化,得到中间产物;
2)通入流量为60mL/min的含氮气氛(如氨气或氨氩混合气等),对中间产物进行氮掺杂,制得最终产物氮掺杂碳催化剂。
尽管通过参考附图并结合优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下,本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换,而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内/任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂,其特征在于,以重量计包括以下成分:85-92%的三维多孔碳骨架、3-10%的掺杂于碳层中的氮原子以及4-8%的氧原子。
2.如权利要求1所述的氮掺杂碳催化剂,其特征在于,三维多孔碳骨架中,多孔碳的平均孔径为0.5-5nm,比表面积为300-1000m2/g。
3.如权利要求1所述的氮掺杂碳催化剂,其特征在于,所述氮掺杂碳催化剂中含有微量金属。
4.如权利要求3所述的氮掺杂碳催化剂,其特征在于,所述微量金属为Ti、Cd及As。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的氮掺杂碳催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)收集废弃烟头,将其过滤嘴洗涤后烘干,于惰性气氛中,对过滤嘴表面进行碳化,得到中间产物;
2)于含氮气氛中,对步骤1)制得的中间产物进行氮掺杂,制得氮掺杂碳催化剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,碳化温度为500-1000℃。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述惰性气氛为氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种,惰性气体的流量为20-80mL/min。
8.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,含氮气氛为氨气或氨氩混合气。
9.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,含氮气体的流量为10-60mL/min。
10.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的氮掺杂碳催化剂的应用,其特征在于,用于固相催化反应。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110774065.1A CN113398977B (zh) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | 以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110774065.1A CN113398977B (zh) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | 以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113398977A true CN113398977A (zh) | 2021-09-17 |
CN113398977B CN113398977B (zh) | 2023-10-24 |
Family
ID=77685623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110774065.1A Active CN113398977B (zh) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | 以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN113398977B (zh) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103381369A (zh) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-11-06 | 清华大学 | 一种氮掺杂碳材料负载的催化剂 |
CN103922306A (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-16 | 同济大学 | 一种高含量氮掺杂多孔碳材料的制备方法 |
CN107115883A (zh) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-01 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种淀粉基氮掺杂中孔成型炭及其制备方法与应用 |
US20180008968A1 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2018-01-11 | Université De Strasbourg | Method for preparing highly nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon composites |
CN107824212A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 青岛大学 | 氮掺杂碳‑氧化铈复合材料及其制备与应用 |
CN107902655A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种利用废弃活性炭制备掺氮活性炭的方法 |
CN109103474A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 河北工业大学 | 一种高性能氮掺杂多孔碳负载PtNi合金颗粒甲醇燃料电池催化剂的制备方法 |
CN110015661A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-16 | 复旦大学 | 一种利用废弃烟头制备氮掺杂活性炭的方法 |
CN111530465A (zh) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-14 | 湘潭大学 | 一种负载型烟蒂多孔碳材料催化剂的制备方法及其在硝基环己烷加氢反应中的应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-07-08 CN CN202110774065.1A patent/CN113398977B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103381369A (zh) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-11-06 | 清华大学 | 一种氮掺杂碳材料负载的催化剂 |
CN103922306A (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-16 | 同济大学 | 一种高含量氮掺杂多孔碳材料的制备方法 |
US20180008968A1 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2018-01-11 | Université De Strasbourg | Method for preparing highly nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon composites |
CN107115883A (zh) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-01 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种淀粉基氮掺杂中孔成型炭及其制备方法与应用 |
CN107824212A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 青岛大学 | 氮掺杂碳‑氧化铈复合材料及其制备与应用 |
CN107902655A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种利用废弃活性炭制备掺氮活性炭的方法 |
CN109103474A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 河北工业大学 | 一种高性能氮掺杂多孔碳负载PtNi合金颗粒甲醇燃料电池催化剂的制备方法 |
CN110015661A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-16 | 复旦大学 | 一种利用废弃烟头制备氮掺杂活性炭的方法 |
CN111530465A (zh) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-14 | 湘潭大学 | 一种负载型烟蒂多孔碳材料催化剂的制备方法及其在硝基环己烷加氢反应中的应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CHENG, YOULIANG ET.AL: "Synthesis of N-Doped Porous Carbon Materials Derived from Waste Cellulose Acetate Fiber via Urea Activation and Its Potential Application in Supercapacitors", 《JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY》, vol. 166, no. 6 * |
林烨;姚路;吴登鹏;张亚非;: "基于柳絮的生物质活性炭制备及电容性能的研究", 电子元件与材料, no. 10 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113398977B (zh) | 2023-10-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108786874B (zh) | 负载二氧化锰的石墨相氮化碳纳米片材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
Gong et al. | Facile synthesis of C3N4-supported metal catalysts for efficient CO2 photoreduction | |
CN107115883B (zh) | 一种淀粉基氮掺杂中孔成型炭及其制备方法与应用 | |
Lan et al. | Wheat flour-derived N-doped mesoporous carbon extrudate as superior metal-free catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination | |
KR102378644B1 (ko) | 다공질 탄소 재료, 및 그 제조 방법, 그리고 합성 반응용 촉매 | |
CN109346732B (zh) | 一种利用土豆制备的氮掺杂多孔碳催化剂及其制备与应用 | |
CN106881135A (zh) | 一种用于乙炔法制氯乙烯的碳基无金属催化剂、制备方法及再生方法 | |
CN113908874A (zh) | 一种富氮多孔复合碳材料、其制备方法及应用 | |
CN106207197A (zh) | 一种采用头发制备双功能电催化剂的方法 | |
Zhang et al. | Catalytic performance of CH4–CO2 reforming over metal free nitrogen-doped biomass carbon catalysts: Effect of different preparation methods | |
Cai et al. | Chlorine‐promoted nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped biocarbon catalyst for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction | |
Zhang et al. | Nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from sustainable biomass via a facile post-treatment nitrogen doping strategy: Efficient CO2 capture and DRM | |
Lu et al. | Nitrogen-modified metal-free carbon materials for acetylene hydrochlorination | |
Zhu et al. | Nitrogen doped carbon spheres with wrinkled cages for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid | |
Liang et al. | Preparation and hydrogen storage performance of poplar sawdust biochar with high specific surface area | |
CN114534766A (zh) | 一种采用凝胶法制备碳基非贵金属介孔m-n-c催化材料的方法及应用 | |
CN110436462B (zh) | 一种利用淀粉制备高选择性分离丙烯丙烷的微孔碳材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
Lu et al. | High nitrogen carbon material with rich defects as a highly efficient metal-free catalyst for excellent catalytic performance of acetylene hydrochlorination | |
KR101140990B1 (ko) | 하수슬러지를 이용한 활성탄의 제조방법 | |
Xu et al. | Pyrimidine-assisted synthesis of S, N-codoped few-layered graphene for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide production in acid | |
Wang et al. | Facile synthesis of MOF-5-derived porous carbon with adjustable pore size for CO2 capture | |
CN110639488A (zh) | 生物质基碳材料在二氧化碳电化学还原的应用 | |
Ning et al. | Ammonia etched petroleum pitch-based porous carbon as efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction | |
CN113398977B (zh) | 以废弃烟头为碳源制备的氮掺杂碳催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
Mujmule et al. | Engineered cellulose-based porous carbon adsorbents for superior gas adsorption and selective separation of CH4/H2 and CH4/N2 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |