CN113393174A - Tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement and application thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title claims description 5
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 153
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement, which comprises the following steps: 1.1 dividing farmland in a certain flue-cured tobacco planting production area into A, B, C types according to the height above sea level as a dimension of 3:4:3, selecting 3 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the A type as measuring objects, selecting 4 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the B type as measuring objects, and selecting 3 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the C type as measuring objects; 1.2 determining the measurement object and key indexes: the key indexes comprise ridge height, plant spacing and row spacing representing standardized production, plant height, maximum leaf length and width and effective leaf number representing agronomic characters, and single leaf weight, main tobacco composition proportion and chemical components representing the quality of the flue-cured tobacco; 1.3 survey measurement: by investigating and measuring key indexes, the quality of the tobacco leaves is comprehensively and accurately evaluated, and a foundation is laid for making raw material purchasing decisions and adjusting later-stage formulation technology in the subsequent cigarette industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf quality control, and particularly relates to a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement and application thereof.
Background
Flue-cured tobacco is a main raw material in the cigarette industry, is sourced from Virginia in the United states, is a tobacco type with the largest cultivation area in the world, and is widely distributed in China in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Hubei, Shandong, Fujian, Anhui, Guangxi and other provinces. The field production of the flue-cured tobacco mainly goes through three stages of a seedling raising stage, a field growing stage and a mature harvesting stage. The cured tobacco leaves grown mature in the field are placed in a curing barn provided with a hot air pipeline, the proper temperature and humidity conditions are given to ensure that the components in the tobacco leaves are subjected to biochemical change, and the cured tobacco leaves are dried for the use of the cigarette industry after becoming yellow.
The quality and the yield of the tobacco production are repeated, and the quality and the yield of the tobacco in the production process are easily influenced by factors such as field management measure execution, climate abnormal fluctuation, baking process and the like. The quality of tobacco leaves directly influences the quality and style of cigarette products, and the effective tracking and accurate understanding of the production quality and yield state of the tobacco leaves in the current year in the production process of the tobacco leaves can provide important reference basis for the cigarette industry to make raw material purchasing decision and adjustment response of later-stage formulation technology. The inventor finds that currently, industrial enterprises mainly adopt a visual method to track the tobacco production process and know the tobacco production state. Due to the difference of eyes among different persons, the visual inspection method is difficult to objectively reflect the tobacco production state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement and application thereof, which objectively reflects the tobacco leaf production state through the associated data characteristics of quality and yield and provides reference basis for the cigarette industry to make raw material purchasing decision and later-stage formula technology adjustment response.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement comprises the following steps:
1.1 determining the measurement object
Dividing a certain flue-cured tobacco planting production area farmland into A, B, C three types according to the ratio of altitude to height of 3:4:3, selecting 3 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the A type as measuring objects, selecting 4 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the B type as measuring objects, and selecting 3 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the C type as measuring objects;
1.2 determining measurement objects and Key indicators
The key indexes comprise 3 indexes of ridge height, plant spacing and row spacing representing standardized production, 3 indexes of plant height, maximum leaf length and width and effective leaf number representing agronomic characters, and 3 indexes of single leaf weight, main group tobacco proportion and chemical components representing the quality of the flue-cured tobacco;
1.3 survey measurements
The tobacco quality is comprehensively and accurately evaluated by investigating and measuring the key indexes such as the standardized production index, the tobacco agronomic character index, the roasted tobacco quality index and the like, and a foundation is laid for making a raw material purchasing decision and adjusting a later-stage formula technology in the subsequent cigarette industry.
As an optimal scheme, a single diagonal sampling method can be adopted when sampling the standard production indexes of the measurement objects and the agronomic character measurement indexes of the tobacco leaves.
As a preferred scheme, the specific ridge height measuring method comprises the following steps: measuring the distance from the center of the furrow to the center of the ridge surface, arranging a straight rod on the two ridge surfaces, and measuring the vertical distance from the center of the furrow to the straight rod, wherein the specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting; the specific measuring method of the plant spacing comprises the following steps: measuring the linear distance between 8 continuous tobacco stems in the same row, wherein the plant distance is the linear distance/(8-1) between the 8 continuous tobacco stems; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting; the specific line spacing measuring method comprises the following steps: the distance between the centers of the continuous adjacent 4 ridges is measured, and the row spacing is the distance/(4-1) between the centers of the continuous adjacent 4 ridges; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting.
Preferably, the plant height specific measurement method comprises: measuring the linear distance between the base of the ridge surface stem and the top of the topped stem when the topped stem grows and shapes; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping; the specific measurement method for the maximum leaf length and width comprises the following steps: measuring the linear distance between the connection part of the largest blade stem and the blade tip in length, and measuring the vertical distance between the widest part of the blade surface and the main vein in width; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping; the specific measuring method of the number of the effective leaves comprises the following steps: measuring the number of leaves on the tobacco plant after topping and before optimizing the structure, wherein the leaves do not contain footing leaves; the effective leaf number is classified into 20 or more, 16-20, 16 or less; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping.
As a preferred scheme, the specific measuring method of the single leaf weight comprises the following steps: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking plants after the tobacco leaves are taken out, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches 16-18%; measuring the weight of a single leaf of the middle tobacco, selecting the number of kang with the largest ratio of the middle tobacco, randomly selecting about 100 leaves, weighing, and counting, wherein the weight is in grams, and the specific measurement time is within 20 days after the lower kang; the specific measurement method for the ratio of the main group smoke comprises the following steps: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking plants after the tobacco leaves are taken out, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches 16-18%; randomly selecting about 100 tobacco leaves, weighing, counting the tobacco leaves, classifying the tobacco leaves according to a main group and an auxiliary group during counting, respectively counting, wherein the specific measurement time is within 20 days after the next kang, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: the main group smoke proportion is the number of main group smoke leaves/(the number of main group smoke leaves + the number of auxiliary group smoke leaves) 100 percent; the specific measuring method of the chemical components comprises the following steps: selecting tobacco leaves stored in a tobacco grower or a baking factory after the kang is taken out, determining chemical components including total sugar, reducing sugar, total plant alkaloid, chlorine, total nitrogen and potassium by using the grades C3F, X2F and B2F of which the number is not less than 10, and specifically measuring the chemical components according to related standards of the tobacco industry within 20 days after the kang is taken out.
An application of a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement in tracking tobacco leaf production quality and/or yield state is disclosed.
An application of a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement in making raw material purchasing decision in the cigarette industry.
An application of a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement in the adjustment of tobacco formulation technology in the cigarette industry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey and measurement. The quality and yield associated datamation characteristics are used for objectively reflecting the tobacco production state, so that the tobacco production process is effectively tracked, the tobacco production quality and yield state in the same year are accurately known, the reasonable raw material purchasing decision is made by the cigarette industry according to production fluctuation, the formula of the use link of a cigarette industry enterprise is favorably adjusted in a targeted manner, the use efficiency of the raw material is improved, and the method has good value of practical application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the diagonal sampling method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The present invention is further illustrated by reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. If the experimental conditions not specified in the examples are specified, they are generally according to the conventional conditions, or according to the conditions recommended by the sales companies; materials, reagents and the like used in examples were commercially available unless otherwise specified.
As mentioned above, currently, industrial enterprises mainly adopt a visual method to track the tobacco production process and know the tobacco production state. Due to the difference of eyes among different persons, the visual inspection method is difficult to objectively reflect the tobacco production state.
In view of the above, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method for tracking a tobacco leaf production process based on key index survey measurement is provided, the method including: after the measurement object is determined, the measurement key indexes of the measurement object are selected and investigated.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are a plurality of measuring objects, which are not less than 6, such as 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc., and the measuring objects should be selected in consideration of factors such as planting elevation and planting area, so that the measuring objects are distributed more uniformly. Meanwhile, in order to equalize the working strength and economy, it is preferable to select 10 measurement objects.
According to the method, in order to enable the investigation analysis result to be more accurate and objective, the planting altitude needs to be fully considered when a measurement object is selected, in a specific implementation mode of the method, the measurement object is selected, orderly sampled according to different altitudes, and sampled according to the sampling ratio of a low-altitude measurement object, a medium-altitude measurement object and a high-altitude measurement object of 2-3: 4-5: 2-3. Specifically, the altitude is less than 800m for a low altitude area, 800-1200 m for a medium altitude area, and more than 1200m for a high altitude area.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the planting area of the measurement object is also an important consideration when selecting the measurement object, and in order to ensure the reliability of the final measurement result, the planting area of the measurement object should be close to the average planting area of the planting households in the planting area (average planting area ± 300m 2).
In another embodiment of the present invention, the measurement indexes include, but are not limited to, standardized production indexes, agronomic performance indexes of tobacco leaves and quality indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves; more specifically, the standardized production indexes comprise ridge height, plant spacing and row spacing; the agronomic character indexes of the tobacco leaves comprise plant height, maximum leaf length and width and effective leaf number, and the quality indexes of the baked tobacco leaves comprise single leaf weight, main group tobacco proportion and chemical components.
The tobacco quality is comprehensively and accurately evaluated by investigating and measuring the key indexes such as the standardized production index, the tobacco agronomic character index, the roasted tobacco quality index and the like, and a foundation is laid for making a raw material purchasing decision and adjusting a later-stage formula technology in the subsequent cigarette industry. In another embodiment of the present invention, a diagonal sampling method, more specifically, a single diagonal sampling method, may be used to sample the standardized production index of the measurement object and the agronomic trait measurement index of the tobacco, as shown in fig. 1.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the ridge height measuring method includes: and measuring the distance from the center of the furrow to the center of the ridge surface. And (5) placing a straight rod on the two ridge surfaces, and measuring the vertical distance from the center of the furrow to the straight rod. The specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method for measuring plant spacing specifically comprises: the linear distance between 8 continuous tobacco stems in the same row is measured, and the plant distance is equal to the linear distance/(8-1) between 8 continuous tobacco stems. The specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the specific line space measuring method includes: perpendicular to the direction of the ridges, the distance between the centers of consecutive adjacent 4 ridges is measured. The row spacing is the distance/(4-1) between the centers of the consecutive adjacent 4 ridges. The specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the plant height measuring method comprises: and when the top end of the topped stem grows and is shaped, measuring the linear distance between the base of the ridge surface stem and the top end of the topped stem. The specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the specific measurement method of the maximum leaf length and width includes: the length measures the linear distance between the joint of the largest blade stem and the blade tip, and the width measures the vertical distance between the widest part of the blade surface and the main vein. The specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method for specifically measuring the number of effective leaves includes: measuring the number of leaves on the tobacco plant after topping and before optimizing the structure, wherein the leaves do not contain footing leaves; the number of effective leaves is classified into 20 or more, 16 to 20, 16 or less. The specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a specific measurement method of single leaf weight includes: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking plants after the tobacco leaves are taken out, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches a state of being sold (16-18%); the weight of the middle tobacco leaf was measured. Selecting the kang times with the largest tobacco ratio in the middle, randomly selecting about 100 tobacco leaves, and weighing and counting. Wherein weight is in grams. The specific measurement time is within 20 days after the lower kang is released.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method for measuring the ratio of the main group of smoke comprises: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking plants after the tobacco leaves are taken out, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches a state of being sold (16-18%); randomly selecting about 100 pieces of tobacco leaves, weighing, counting the pieces of tobacco leaves, classifying the tobacco leaves according to the main group and the auxiliary group when counting the pieces of tobacco leaves, and respectively counting. The specific measurement time is within 20 days after the lower kang is released. The specific calculation formula is as follows: the main group smoke proportion is the number of main group smoke leaves/(the number of main group smoke leaves + the number of auxiliary group smoke leaves) × 100%.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for measuring chemical components specifically includes: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking factories after kang is taken out, measuring the chemical fractions with the grades of C3F, X2F and B2F of not less than 10. The chemical components include total sugar, reducing sugar, total plant alkaloid, chlorine, total nitrogen and potassium. The specific measurement method of the chemical components can be carried out according to relevant standards in the tobacco industry. The specific measurement time is within 20 days after the lower kang is released.
In a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided the use of the above method in at least any one or more of:
1) tracking the tobacco production quality and/or yield state;
2) the cigarette industry makes raw material purchasing decisions;
3) adjusting tobacco formula technology in cigarette industry.
Example 1
1.1 determining the measurement object
According to the method, farmlands in a certain flue-cured tobacco planting production area are classified into A, B, C types according to the ratio of 30% to 40% to 30% by taking the altitude as the dimension, 3 farmlands close to the average planting area are selected as measuring objects in the A type, 4 farmlands close to the average planting area are selected as measuring objects in the B type, and 3 farmlands close to the average planting area are selected as measuring objects in the C type.
1.2 determining measurement objects and Key indicators
The key indexes comprise 3 indexes of ridge height, plant spacing and row spacing representing standardized production, 3 indexes of plant height, maximum leaf length and width and effective leaf number representing agronomic characters, and 3 indexes of single leaf weight, main group tobacco proportion and chemical components representing the quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
1.3 standardized production measurements
1.3.1 Ridge height measurement
1.3.1.1 point selection sampling
A diagonal sampling method is adopted, 3 points are selected for each field, and each point is measured for 1 time.
1.3.1.2 measurement method
And measuring the distance from the center of the furrow to the center of the ridge surface. And (5) placing a straight rod on the two ridge surfaces, and measuring the vertical distance from the center of the furrow to the straight rod.
1.3.1.3 measuring time
Within 10 days after transplantation.
1.3.1.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
And taking the average value of the height of 3 point ridges, and reserving 1 decimal place.
1.3.2 plant spacing
1.3.2.1 Point selection sampling
A diagonal sampling method is adopted, 3 points are selected for each field, and each point is measured for 1 time.
1.3.2.2 measurement method
The linear distance between 8 continuous tobacco stems in the same row is measured, and the plant distance is equal to the linear distance/(8-1) between 8 continuous tobacco stems.
1.3.2.3 measuring time
Within 10 days after transplantation.
1.3.2.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
The average value of the plant spacing of 3 points is taken, and 1 decimal place is reserved.
1.3.3 line spacing
1.3.3.1 point selection sampling
A diagonal sampling method is adopted, 3 points are selected for each field, and each point is measured for 1 time.
1.3.3.2 method of measurement
Perpendicular to the direction of the ridges, the distance between the centers of consecutive adjacent 4 ridges is measured. The row spacing is the distance/(4-1) between the centers of the consecutive adjacent 4 ridges.
1.3.3.3 measuring time
Within 10 days after transplantation.
1.3.3.4 statistics of data
Take the average of 3 line spaces and keep 1 decimal place.
1.4 agronomic trait survey measurements
1.4.1 plant height
1.4.1.1 point selection sampling
A diagonal sampling method is adopted, 3 points are selected for each field, and 3 plants are measured at each point.
1.4.1.2 method of measurement
And when the top end of the topped stem grows and is shaped, measuring the linear distance between the base of the ridge surface stem and the top end of the topped stem.
1.4.1.3 measuring time
Within 10 days after topping.
1.4.1.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
The average value of 9 plant heights is taken, and 1 decimal place is reserved.
1.4.2 maximum leaf Length Width
1.4.2.1 Point selection sampling
Diagonal sampling is adopted, 3 points are selected for each field, and each point is used for measuring the maximum leaf length and width of 3 cigarettes.
1.4.2.2 measurement method:
the length measures the linear distance between the joint of the largest blade stem and the blade tip, and the width measures the vertical distance between the widest part of the blade surface and the main vein.
1.4.2.3 measuring time
Within 10 days after topping.
1.4.2.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
The average of the 9 largest leaf lengths and widths was taken and 1 decimal place was retained.
1.4.3 effective leaf number
1.4.3.1 Point selection sampling
Using diagonal lines, 3 spots were selected for each field and 4 plants were measured for each spot.
1.4.3.2 measurement method
After topping and before optimizing the structure, measuring the quantity of leaves on the tobacco plant without bottom leaves.
1.4.3.3 measuring time
Within 10 days after topping.
1.4.3.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
The number of effective leaves is classified into 20 or more, 16 to 20, 16 or less.
1.5 post-roast tobacco quality measurement
1.5.1 Single leaf weight
1.5.1.1 point selection sampling
The tobacco leaves are stored in tobacco growers or baking factories after being taken out of the kang, and the moisture content reaches the state of being available for sale (16-18%).
1.5.1.2 method of measurement
The middle tobacco is single leaf heavy. Selecting the kang times with the largest tobacco ratio in the middle, randomly selecting about 100 tobacco leaves, and weighing and counting. Weight is in grams.
1.5.1.3 measuring time
Within 20 days after the brick bed is placed.
1.5.1.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
Weight per leaf is weight per number of tablets. Repeat 3 times and average. One decimal place is reserved.
1.5.2 Main group Smoke proportion
1.5.2.1 point selection sampling
The tobacco leaves are stored in tobacco growers or baking factories after being taken out of the kang, and the moisture content reaches the state of being available for sale (16-18%).
1.5.2.2 method of measurement
Simultaneously with measuring the single leaf weight. Randomly selecting about 100 pieces of tobacco leaves, weighing, counting the pieces of tobacco leaves, classifying the tobacco leaves according to the main group and the auxiliary group when counting the pieces of tobacco leaves, and respectively counting.
1.5.2.3 measuring time
Within 20 days after the brick bed is placed.
1.5.2.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
The main group smoke proportion is the number of main group smoke leaves/(the number of main group smoke leaves + the number of auxiliary group smoke leaves) × 100%. Repeat 3 times and average. One decimal place is reserved.
1.5.3 chemical composition
1.5.3.1 point selection sampling
The tobacco leaves which are taken out of the kang and stored in tobacco growers or baking factories are classified into C3F, X2F and B2F, and the number of the tobacco leaves is not less than 10.
1.5.3.2 method of measurement
After preparing the samples from YC/T31-1996 tobacco and tobacco product samples and moisture determination, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total plant alkaloid, chlorine, total nitrogen and potassium are respectively determined according to YC/T159-.
1.5.3.3 measuring time
Within 20 days after the brick bed is placed.
1.5.3.4 data statistics and reporting requirements
Repeating the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total plant alkaloid, chlorine, total nitrogen and potassium for 3 times, and taking an average value. One decimal place is reserved.
2.1 measurement results
The method is adopted for measurement aiming at 5 flue-cured tobacco planting counties in H province and 3 flue-cured tobacco planting counties in S province, and specific results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 tracking of tobacco leaf production process
Continuing with Table 1:
continuing with Table 1:
in the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1.1 determining the measurement object
Dividing a certain flue-cured tobacco planting production area farmland into A, B, C three types according to the ratio of altitude to height of 3:4:3, selecting 3 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the A type as measuring objects, selecting 4 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the B type as measuring objects, and selecting 3 farmlands similar to the average planting area in the C type as measuring objects;
1.2 determining measurement objects and Key indicators
The key indexes comprise 3 indexes of ridge height, plant spacing and row spacing representing standardized production, 3 indexes of plant height, maximum leaf length and width and effective leaf number representing agronomic characters, and 3 indexes of single leaf weight, main group tobacco proportion and chemical components representing the quality of the flue-cured tobacco;
1.3 survey measurements
The tobacco quality is comprehensively and accurately evaluated by investigating and measuring the key indexes such as the standardized production index, the tobacco agronomic character index, the roasted tobacco quality index and the like, and a foundation is laid for making a raw material purchasing decision and adjusting a later-stage formula technology in the subsequent cigarette industry.
2. The method for tracking the tobacco leaf production process based on key index survey and measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that a single diagonal sampling method is adopted when sampling the standard production index of the measurement object and the measurement index of the tobacco leaf agronomic characters.
3. The tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement according to claim 1, wherein the ridge height specific measurement method comprises: measuring the distance from the center of the furrow to the center of the ridge surface, arranging a straight rod on the two ridge surfaces, and measuring the vertical distance from the center of the furrow to the straight rod, wherein the specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting; the specific measuring method of the plant spacing comprises the following steps: measuring the linear distance between 8 continuous tobacco stems in the same row, wherein the plant distance is the linear distance/(8-1) between the 8 continuous tobacco stems; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting; the specific line spacing measuring method comprises the following steps: the distance between the centers of the continuous adjacent 4 ridges is measured, and the row spacing is the distance/(4-1) between the centers of the continuous adjacent 4 ridges; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after transplanting.
4. The tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement according to claim 1, wherein the plant height specific measurement method comprises: measuring the linear distance between the base of the ridge surface stem and the top of the topped stem when the topped stem grows and shapes; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping; the specific measurement method for the maximum leaf length and width comprises the following steps: measuring the linear distance between the connection part of the largest blade stem and the blade tip in length, and measuring the vertical distance between the widest part of the blade surface and the main vein in width; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping; the specific measuring method of the number of the effective leaves comprises the following steps: measuring the number of leaves on the tobacco plant after topping and before optimizing the structure, wherein the leaves do not contain footing leaves; the effective leaf number is classified into 20 or more, 16-20, 16 or less; the specific measurement time is within 10 days after topping.
5. The tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key index survey measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific measurement method of single leaf weight comprises: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking plants after the tobacco leaves are taken out, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches 16-18%; measuring the weight of a single leaf of the middle tobacco, selecting the number of kang with the largest ratio of the middle tobacco, randomly selecting about 100 leaves, weighing, and counting, wherein the weight is in grams, and the specific measurement time is within 20 days after the lower kang; the specific measurement method for the ratio of the main group smoke comprises the following steps: selecting tobacco leaves stored in tobacco growers or baking plants after the tobacco leaves are taken out, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches 16-18%; randomly selecting about 100 tobacco leaves, weighing, counting the tobacco leaves, classifying the tobacco leaves according to a main group and an auxiliary group during counting, respectively counting, wherein the specific measurement time is within 20 days after the next kang, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: the main group smoke proportion is the number of main group smoke leaves/(the number of main group smoke leaves + the number of auxiliary group smoke leaves) 100 percent; the specific measuring method of the chemical components comprises the following steps: selecting tobacco leaves stored in a tobacco grower or a baking factory after the kang is taken out, determining chemical components including total sugar, reducing sugar, total plant alkaloid, chlorine, total nitrogen and potassium by using the grades C3F, X2F and B2F of which the number is not less than 10, and specifically measuring the chemical components according to related standards of the tobacco industry within 20 days after the kang is taken out.
6. Use of a tobacco production process tracking method based on key indicator survey measurements according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for tracking tobacco production quality and/or yield status.
7. Use of a tobacco leaf production process tracking method based on key indicator survey measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the cigarette industry for making raw material purchasing decisions.
8. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for tracking tobacco production processes based on key indicator survey measurements in the tuning of tobacco formulation technology in the cigarette industry.
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