CN113935541A - Method for predicting spraying time of mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent - Google Patents
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013400 design of experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting the spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining Cotton varieties, sowing time, planting density, plant row configuration and topping time of the Cotton field, recording the blooming time and boll opening time of a first fruit section of a first fruit branch of the Cotton field by a listing method, measuring the boll weight and fiber quality of bolls opened by the first fruit section of the first fruit branch, measuring the number of Cotton fruit branches, and utilizing the collected information, combined with future weather and climate prediction, to simulate and analyze the influence of spraying time of different defoliants on yield and fiber quality by a Cotton functional structure model Cotton XL, so as to accurately predict the optimal spraying time of the defoliants in the Cotton field. The method can provide cotton yield and fiber quality which can be obtained under different defoliant spraying schemes, and has important significance for guiding cotton production to select the optimal time for spraying the defoliant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cotton pesticide spraying, in particular to a method for predicting spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent.
Background
In recent years, the Xinjiang cotton industry is rapidly developed, chemical defoliation is one of important links of mechanical harvesting, the quality of the effect directly affects the operation quality and efficiency of mechanical harvesting, and simultaneously affects the quality and yield of cotton. The ratio of immature bolls to fibers can be increased by spraying the defoliating ripener too early; the spraying of the defoliating ripener is delayed, so that the risk of encountering frost and severe weather is increased, the leaves are withered and do not fall off, and the impurity content of the seed cotton is increased. The defoliating ripener is reasonably sprayed, so that a good defoliating ripener effect is generated, and the negative influence on yield and quality can be reduced. The defoliating ripener is sensitive to the environmental temperature, and the average temperature is required to be more than 16 ℃ and the minimum temperature is required to be more than 12 ℃. In the late growth period of Xinjiang cotton, the temperature gradually decreases within 20 ℃ in one day and drops sharply at night. In order to ensure mechanical harvesting, a defoliating ripener is sprayed before the cotton bolls on the tops of partial cotton field plants are completely developed, which seriously affects boll formation and fiber development. Therefore, the chemical defoliation needs to take balanced consideration of the balance relation between the defoliation ripening effect and the yield and quality of cotton, and the accurate prediction of the optimal time for spraying the defoliation ripening agent is very critical.
The boll opening rate is a common index for judging the spraying time of the defoliating agent, and 60 percent of bolls are generally recommended to be defoliated and ripened after opening. (2) And determining the spraying time of the defoliating ripener according to the ratio of the top cotton boll age to the boll period when the defoliating ripener is sprayed, wherein the ratio of the top cotton boll age to the boll period is more than 0.68 and the boll age is about 40 days in order to obtain higher fiber quality.
At present, the method has universality but sometimes has deviation for marking a specific variety of a specific block, and the spraying time of the defoliating agent is mainly determined by taking the production experience of the past year as a reference to determine the approximate time range for spraying the defoliating agent. In addition, under different environmental conditions (such as temperature, illumination, precipitation and the like), the cotton yield and the fiber quality of the same variety are different, and the existing method cannot quantitatively reflect the influence of different spraying time on the yield and the quality, so that the optimal spraying time of the defoliant cannot be accurately predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for predicting spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring cotton varieties, sowing time, planting density, plant row configuration and topping time of a cotton field;
recording the initial blooming time and the boll opening time of a first fruit branch and a first fruit section of the cotton field by a listing method;
measuring the boll height and the boll diameter of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section;
determining the boll weight and the fiber quality of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section after the bolls are opened;
measuring the number of cotton branches;
and inputting the obtained Cotton growth information into a Cotton functional structure model Cotton XL, simulating and analyzing the influence of the spraying time of different defoliants on yield and fiber quality, and predicting the optimal spraying time of the defoliants in the Cotton field by combining forecasted weather and climate.
In a next step, the step of obtaining the cotton sowing time of the cotton field comprises the following steps: and recording the water time of drip irrigation seedling emergence of dry seeding and wet seeding.
And step one, measuring the height of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section by using a vernier caliper, and measuring the vertical distance from the boll tip to the boll base of the boll.
And step one, measuring the diameter of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section by using a vernier caliper, and measuring the maximum value of the transverse stem of the boll.
And in the next step, uniformly picking after bolls of the first fruit section of the first fruit branch marked by the hanging plate are bloomed, weighing and measuring the weight of a single boll by using a one-thousandth balance, uniformly ginning, conveying the lint to a cotton fiber quality detection center with detection quality, and determining the fiber quality.
Further, the fiber quality includes: fiber length, fiber specific strength, and micronaire value.
And step one, determining the number of fruit branches after topping in the cotton field.
In the next step, 2m by 2m swatches were randomly selected from the cotton field, and 20 specimens were randomly selected from the swatches. After the plants bloom, recording the blooming time and the boll opening time of the first fruit node of the first fruit branch in the cotton field by a listing method
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for predicting spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
according to the cotton boll growth and development law, the cotton functional structure model is utilized to simulate the growth and development dynamics of each cotton boll in the cotton field, the spatial distribution of the weight and the quality of each cotton plant boll is accurately known, and the final yield and the fiber quality performance of the cotton field at different defoliant spraying time are determined by combining the future weather and climate prediction. The method can realize one-field one-strategy, and a special defoliating agent spraying time scheme is customized according to factors such as different cotton field planting varieties, planting densities, planting modes, microclimate environments and the like, so that a decision basis is provided for obtaining high quality and high yield in cotton production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring the height and diameter of bolls in a method for predicting the spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation diagram of boll mass and fiber quality at the optimum time for spraying the defoliating agent in the method for predicting the spraying time of the defoliating agent for mechanical cotton picking provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for predicting spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent, including:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining cotton varieties, sowing time, planting density, plant row configuration and topping time of a cotton field, recording first flowering time and first boll section of the cotton field through a listing method, measuring boll heights and boll diameters of bolls of the first fruit branches and the first fruit sections, measuring boll weights and fiber qualities of the bolls of the first fruit branches and the first fruit sections after the bolls of the first fruit branches and the first fruit sections are bolled, measuring the number of cotton branches, inputting the obtained cotton growth information to a cotton functional structure model CottonXL, simulating and analyzing influences of spraying time of different defoliants on yield and fiber quality, and predicting the optimal spraying time of the defoliants of the cotton field by combining forecasted weather climate.
Preferably, the acquiring cotton sowing time of the cotton field comprises: and recording the water time of drip irrigation seedling emergence of dry seeding and wet seeding.
Preferably, the height of the boll of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section is measured by using a vernier caliper, and the vertical distance from the boll tip to the boll base is measured.
Preferably, the boll diameter of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section boll is measured by using a vernier caliper, and the maximum value of the transverse stem of the boll is measured.
Preferably, after bolls of the first fruit section of the first fruit branch marked by the hanging plate are bolled out, uniform picking is carried out, the weight of a single boll is measured by using one thousandth of a balance for weighing, then uniform cotton ginning is carried out, ginned cotton is sent to a cotton fiber quality detection center with detection quality, and the fiber quality is measured.
Preferably, the fiber qualities include: fiber length, fiber specific strength, and micronaire value.
Preferably, the number of fruit branches is determined after topping of the cotton field.
Preferably, 2m by 2m sample is randomly selected in the cotton field, 20 samples are randomly selected in the cotton field, and after the plants bloom, the blooming time and the boll opening time of the first fruit node of the first fruit branch in the cotton field are recorded by a listing method.
Examples
Overview of the study region
The research area is located in the eighth, the fourth and the third teams of the military team in Xinjiang production and construction, the test variety is Xinluzao No. 78, and the planting scale is 100 mu. Wherein 30 acres are application areas, and 70 acres are control areas.
Second, design of experiment
All management in the research area is uniformly carried out. After cotton boll opening in the cotton field, selecting defoliation time in the control area according to a local conventional defoliation agent spraying time identification method. The application area collects various basic data, parameter adjustment is carried out on the Cotton functional structure model Cotton XL, and the accuracy of model simulation is evaluated by means of the root mean square error and fitting degree of measured values and simulation values. The Cotton functional structure model Cotton XL is adopted to simulate and analyze the influence of the spraying time of different defoliants on the yield and the fiber quality, and further the optimal spraying time of the defoliants in the Cotton field is accurately predicted.
Third, test results
Measuring yield of ginned cotton and fiber quality in 2020 year of research area, and yield of ginned cotton in application area is 2068 kg.hm2Comparison with the yield of the control area of 2055 kg. hm213kg hm more2. The fiber quality detection result shows that the cotton fiber length of the application area of the method is 30.8mm, and the breaking specific strength is 30.2 cN-tex-1Micronaire 4.6; the cotton fiber length of the control area is 30.1mm, and the breaking ratio strength is 29.8 cN-tex-1Micronaire 4.6.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in the foregoing for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying drawings.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting spraying time of a mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring cotton varieties, sowing time, planting density, plant row configuration and topping time of a cotton field;
recording the initial blooming time and the boll opening time of a first fruit branch and a first fruit section of the cotton field by a listing method;
measuring the boll height and the boll diameter of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section;
determining the boll weight and the fiber quality of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section after the bolls are opened;
measuring the number of cotton branches;
and inputting the obtained Cotton growth information into a Cotton functional structure model Cotton XL, simulating and analyzing the influence of the spraying time of different defoliants on yield and fiber quality, and predicting the optimal spraying time of the defoliants in the Cotton field by combining forecasted weather and climate.
2. The method for predicting the spraying time of the machine-harvested cotton defoliating agent according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the cotton sowing time of the cotton field comprises the following steps: and recording the water time of drip irrigation seedling emergence of dry seeding and wet seeding.
3. The method for predicting the spraying time of the mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent according to claim 1, wherein the height of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section is measured by a vernier caliper, and the vertical distance from the boll tip to the boll base is measured.
4. The method for predicting the spraying time of the mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the bolls of the first fruit branch and the first fruit section is measured by using a vernier caliper to measure the maximum value of the transverse stem of the boll.
5. The method for predicting the spraying time of the mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent according to claim 1, wherein after boll opening of the first fruit section of the first fruit branch marked by the hanging plate, uniform picking is carried out, a one-thousandth balance is used for weighing and measuring the weight of a single boll, then uniform cotton ginning is carried out, and ginned cotton is sent to a cotton fiber quality detection center with detection qualification to measure the fiber quality.
6. The method for predicting the spraying time of the machine-harvested cotton defoliating agent according to claim 5, wherein the fiber quality comprises: fiber length, fiber specific strength, and micronaire value.
7. The method for predicting the spraying time of the mechanical cotton picking defoliating agent according to claim 1, wherein the number of fruit branches is determined after topping of a cotton field.
8. The method for predicting the spraying time of the machine-harvested cotton defoliating agent according to claim 1, wherein 2m x 2m samples are randomly selected in a cotton field, 20 samples are randomly selected in the cotton field, and after the plants bloom, the blooming time and the boll opening time of the first fruit section of the first fruit branch in the cotton field are recorded by a listing method.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023197496A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | 石河子大学 | Comprehensive evaluation indicator monitoring and evaluation method and system for machine-harvested cotton defoliation effects |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113197047A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-03 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Machine-harvested cotton and dry rice intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation method |
| CN113303125A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-08-27 | 石河子大学 | Method for timely applying defoliation ripener to mechanical cotton picking in arid region |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113303125A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-08-27 | 石河子大学 | Method for timely applying defoliation ripener to mechanical cotton picking in arid region |
| CN113197047A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-03 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Machine-harvested cotton and dry rice intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 万璐等: "物联网与作物模型在智慧棉花系统中的应用与展望", 《中国棉花》, vol. 47, no. 88, 15 August 2020 (2020-08-15), pages 1 * |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023197496A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | 石河子大学 | Comprehensive evaluation indicator monitoring and evaluation method and system for machine-harvested cotton defoliation effects |
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