CN113390967A - Nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on trapezoidal array - Google Patents
Nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on trapezoidal array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoidal array, which belongs to the technical field of damage monitoring and comprises the following steps: arranging an array of sensors on a structure; selecting an optimal excitation frequency; obtaining fundamental wave and second harmonic amplitude of the signal by using the frequency spectrum; calculating nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path before and after the damage; and carrying out two-dimensional positioning on the damage of the composite material according to the change of the nonlinear characteristic parameters before and after the damage. The monitoring method provided by the invention utilizes the trapezoidal sensor array to collect signals of each path before and after the damage, positions the structural damage according to the change of the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the trapezoidal sensor array, is not influenced by the structure and the material of the structural part, meets the requirements of people on monitoring various complex conditions, is convenient to take remedial measures in time after monitoring, prevents the material from further deteriorating, and reduces the accident risk caused by the remedial measures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoidal array, and belongs to the technical field.
Background
With the development of the fields of aerospace, mechanical manufacturing, building and the like, composite materials have been widely applied to various industries. Although composite materials have many advantages such as high strength and stiffness, good fatigue resistance, and flexible design, due to their sensitivity to foreign object impacts, composite materials may suffer various forms of invisible or unrecognizable damage in improperly used or harsh environments, such as low speed impacts, tool drops during manufacturing or maintenance, which may result in an externally invisible impact damage to the composite material. These require accurate knowledge of the damage in the composite material and timely remedial action to prevent further deterioration of the material and reduce the risk of accidents caused thereby.
The traditional linear Lamb wave monitoring technology detects damage by utilizing linear characteristics such as reflection, scattering and energy absorption in the transmission process when Lamb waves encounter damage, has obvious acoustic reactance difference for a detection medium, is large (compared with wavelength) volume type defects and is sensitive to defects with open cracks, and can solve the conventional problems. With the discovery and application of various novel materials, people pay more and more attention to tiny damages in structures, various projects further improve the requirements on monitoring technologies, and various requirements such as detection of microcracks/microdefects, monitoring of parts with complex shapes, remote monitoring of large structures and the like are continuously generated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find other monitoring techniques to locate the damage so as to eliminate the potential safety hazard in time.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoidal array.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoidal array, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a test piece, and arranging a group of piezoelectric sheets on the structure of the test piece to form a trapezoidal excitation/sensing array;
step 2: selecting an optimal excitation frequency;
and step 3: randomly selecting a position from the intersection point of the paths of the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array to carry out crack processing, simulating the occurrence of damage, collecting signals of each path before and after the damage, and acquiring the fundamental wave amplitude and the second harmonic amplitude of the signals by using frequency spectrum;
and 4, step 4: calculating nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path before and after the damage;
and 5: and determining the damage position on the structure according to the change of the nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path.
Further, the step 1 includes the following steps:
step 1.1: selecting a region on the structure as a region to be detected;
step 1.2: and selecting a plurality of piezoelectric sheets, and pasting the piezoelectric sheets in a to-be-detected area on the surface of the structure, wherein the arrangement mode adopts a trapezoidal arrangement method.
Further, the step 2 includes the following steps:
step 2.1: because the Lamb waves only have an S0 mode and an A0 mode in a low-frequency range, different Lamb modes can be excited at different excitation frequencies, a narrow-band sine modulation signal is excited by Labview software on a computer, the excitation frequency of the narrow-band sine modulation signal is from high to low, a certain frequency is used as an interval frequency, and the amplitudes of the sensing signal S0 mode and the A0 mode direct waves at different frequencies are recorded;
step 2.2: selecting an optimal excitation frequency from the excitation frequencies so that the S0 mode is dominant in the signal;
step 2.3: according to the phase velocity dispersion curve of the material, the optimal excitation frequency needs to meet the condition that the phase velocity of the fundamental frequency signal is approximately equal to the phase velocity of the frequency doubling.
Further, the step 3 includes the following steps:
step 3.1: in a structural health state, selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array as an excitation element, and selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the lower side as a sensing element, and acquiring sensing signals of all paths in the health state;
step 3.2: randomly selecting a position from the intersection point of the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array path to carry out crack processing, and simulating the occurrence of damage;
step 3.3: in a structural damage state, selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array as an excitation element, and selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the lower side as a sensing element, and acquiring sensing signals of each path in the damage state;
step 3.4: and obtaining fundamental wave amplitude and second harmonic amplitude of signals on each path before and after the damage by using the frequency spectrum.
Further, the step 4 includes the following steps:
and (3) substituting the signal fundamental wave amplitude and the second harmonic amplitude on each path before and after the damage obtained in the step (3) into a formula (1), and calculating a nonlinear characteristic parameter:
wherein, A1 is the fundamental amplitude of the signal, and A2 is the second harmonic amplitude of the signal.
Further, the step 5 comprises the following steps:
and (4) comparing the nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path before and after the damage acquired in the step (4), and positioning the damage on the structure according to the change condition of the nonlinear characteristic parameters, wherein after the structure is damaged, the nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path are increased, and the closer the distance to the damage position is, the larger the increase rate of the nonlinear characteristic parameters on the path is, so that the position of the damage in the two-dimensional plane is judged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoid array, which is characterized in that a trapezoid sensor array is used for collecting signals of each path before and after damage, the structural damage is positioned according to the change of nonlinear characteristic parameters of the trapezoidal sensor array, the influence of the structure and the material of a structural member is avoided, the requirement of people on monitoring various complex conditions is met, and remedial measures can be taken in time after monitoring to prevent the material from further deterioration and reduce the accident risk caused by the monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test piece structure and a layout of a sensing/excitation array provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the dispersion of an epoxy composite panel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of amplitude-frequency response measurements for the S0 and A0 modalities provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the variation of the nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path before and after the damage according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The invention relates to a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoidal array, which is particularly suitable for monitoring damage of composite materials and the like with complex structures.
As shown in fig. 1, is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, including the following steps:
step one, a trapezoidal excitation/sensor array is arranged on the structure.
The test piece is an epoxy resin composite material plate with the size of 600mm multiplied by 2mm, 6 piezoelectric pieces with the diameter of 7mm are structurally arranged according to the monitoring area to form a trapezoidal excitation/sensor array, and as shown in figure 2, the piezoelectric pieces are arranged in a mode thatThe piezoelectric sheets are numbered as PZT1, PZT2, PZT … and PZT6 in sequence, and the paths among the piezoelectric sheets are respectively marked as L1iAnd L2j(i＝3、4、5、6，j＝3、4、5、6)。
And step two, selecting the optimal excitation frequency.
Because Lamb waves only exist in an S0 mode and an A0 mode in a low-frequency range, different Lamb modes can be excited at different excitation frequencies, a narrow-band sinusoidal modulation signal is excited by Labview software on a computer, the narrow-band sinusoidal modulation signal is selected as an excitation signal, the frequency of the excitation signal is gradually increased from 160kHz to 300kHz, 10kHz is used as interval frequency, and the amplitude values of S0 and A0 at each excitation frequency are recorded; selecting an optimal excitation frequency of 220kHz from the excitation frequencies, wherein the S0 mode is dominant in the signals; according to the phase velocity dispersion curve of the material, 220kHz simultaneously meets the condition that the phase velocity of a fundamental frequency signal and the phase velocity of a frequency doubling are approximately equal.
And step three, obtaining fundamental wave and second harmonic amplitudes of signals on each path before and after the damage.
In a structural health state, selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array as an excitation element, and selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the lower side as a sensing element, and acquiring sensing signals of each path in the health state through experimental equipment; then randomly selecting L from 6 cross points of the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array path16And L25Performing crack processing on the cross point to simulate the occurrence of damage; in a structural damage state, selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array as an excitation element, and selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the lower side as a sensing element, and acquiring sensing signals of each path in the damage state through experimental equipment; and obtaining fundamental wave amplitude and second harmonic amplitude of signals on each path before and after the damage by using the frequency spectrum.
And step four, calculating the nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path before and after the damage.
And (3) substituting the signal fundamental wave amplitude and the second harmonic wave amplitude obtained in the step three into a formula (1), and calculating a nonlinear characteristic parameter:
wherein A is1As amplitude of fundamental wave of signal, A2Is the second harmonic amplitude of the signal.
And step five, determining the damage position on the structure according to the change of the nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path.
Comparing the nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path in the structural health state and the damage state, and the change conditions of the nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path before and after the damage are shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that after the damage occurs to the structure, the nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path are increased, and the closer the structure is to the damage position, the greater the increase rate of the nonlinear characteristic parameters on the path is, so as to determine the position of the damage in the two-dimensional plane.
The invention provides a nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoid array, which is characterized in that a trapezoid sensor array is used for collecting signals of each path before and after damage, the structural damage is positioned according to the change of nonlinear characteristic parameters of the trapezoidal sensor array, the influence of the structure and the material of a structural member is avoided, the requirement of people on monitoring various complex conditions is met, and remedial measures can be taken in time after monitoring to prevent the material from further deterioration and reduce the accident risk caused by the monitoring.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on a trapezoid array is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a test piece, and arranging a group of piezoelectric sheets on the structure of the test piece to form a trapezoidal excitation/sensing array;
step 2: selecting an optimal excitation frequency;
and step 3: randomly selecting a position from the intersection point of the paths of the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array to carry out crack processing, simulating the occurrence of damage, collecting signals of each path before and after the damage, and acquiring the fundamental wave amplitude and the second harmonic amplitude of the signals by using frequency spectrum;
and 4, step 4: calculating nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path before and after the damage;
and 5: and determining the damage position on the structure according to the change of the nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path.
2. The method for positioning the damage of the nonlinear guided wave composite material based on the trapezoidal array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: selecting a region on the structure as a region to be detected;
step 1.2: and selecting a plurality of piezoelectric sheets, and pasting the piezoelectric sheets in a to-be-detected area on the surface of the structure, wherein the arrangement mode adopts a trapezoidal arrangement method.
3. The method for locating the damage of the nonlinear guided wave composite material based on the trapezoidal array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: because the Lamb waves only have an S0 mode and an A0 mode in a low-frequency range, different Lamb modes can be excited at different excitation frequencies, a narrow-band sine modulation signal is excited by Labview software on a computer, the excitation frequency of the narrow-band sine modulation signal is from high to low, a certain frequency is used as an interval frequency, and the amplitudes of the sensing signal S0 mode and the A0 mode direct waves at different frequencies are recorded;
step 2.2: selecting an optimal excitation frequency from the excitation frequencies so that the S0 mode is dominant in the signal;
step 2.3: according to the phase velocity dispersion curve of the material, the optimal excitation frequency needs to meet the condition that the phase velocity of the fundamental frequency signal is approximately equal to the phase velocity of the frequency doubling.
4. The method for locating the damage of the nonlinear guided wave composite material based on the trapezoidal array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: in a structural health state, selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array as an excitation element, and selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the lower side as a sensing element, and acquiring sensing signals of all paths in the health state;
step 3.2: randomly selecting a position from the intersection point of the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array path to carry out crack processing, and simulating the occurrence of damage;
step 3.3: in a structural damage state, selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the trapezoidal excitation/sensing array as an excitation element, and selecting a piezoelectric sheet on the lower side as a sensing element, and acquiring sensing signals of each path in the damage state;
step 3.4: and obtaining fundamental wave amplitude and second harmonic amplitude of signals on each path before and after the damage by using the frequency spectrum.
5. The method for locating the damage of the nonlinear guided wave composite material based on the trapezoidal array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4 comprises the following steps:
and (3) substituting the signal fundamental wave amplitude and the second harmonic amplitude on each path before and after the damage obtained in the step (3) into a formula (1), and calculating a nonlinear characteristic parameter:
wherein, A1 is the fundamental amplitude of the signal, and A2 is the second harmonic amplitude of the signal.
6. The method for locating the damage of the nonlinear guided wave composite material based on the trapezoidal array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 5 comprises the following steps:
and (4) comparing the nonlinear characteristic parameters of each path before and after the damage acquired in the step (4), and positioning the damage on the structure according to the change condition of the nonlinear characteristic parameters, wherein after the structure is damaged, the nonlinear characteristic parameters on each path are increased, and the closer the distance to the damage position is, the larger the increase rate of the nonlinear characteristic parameters on the path is, so that the position of the damage in the two-dimensional plane is judged.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114460172A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-10 | 重庆工业职业技术学院 | Second harmonic detection method for early damage of periodic composite material |
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