CN110333292A - A kind of nonlinear imaging method of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle - Google Patents
A kind of nonlinear imaging method of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110333292A CN110333292A CN201910734625.3A CN201910734625A CN110333292A CN 110333292 A CN110333292 A CN 110333292A CN 201910734625 A CN201910734625 A CN 201910734625A CN 110333292 A CN110333292 A CN 110333292A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nonlinear imaging methods of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle, include the following steps, A. carries out phased array to detection test specimen and deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities；B. respectively to whole array element phased arrays and grouping array element phased array data acquisition；C. the corresponding sound kinetic energy of whole array element phased arrays is calculated separatelySound kinetic energy corresponding with grouping array element phased array、、…、；D. non-linear characterization parameter is calculatedDistribution；E. willCalculated result imaging.Beneficial effect is, since detection can be completed using common phased array devices, to reduce testing cost；In addition, due to whole array element phased arrays and the acquisition of grouping array element phased array data and data processing, the quick positioning of detection accuracy height and metal fatigue damage being realized, to improve the detection accuracy of metal material incipient fatigue damage respectively；Realize quick positioning, the image checking of metal material incipient fatigue damage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nonlinear imaging methods of metal material early fatigue closure crack detection.
Background technique
Metal material or structure can generate fatigue under the repeated action of alternating load.Fatigue refers under CYCLIC LOADING,
Part, the permanent damage increasing process at material point occurs.After enough stress or Cyclic Strain, with fatigue
The accumulation of damage makes material generate fatigue statistic (closure crackle), and micro-crack extends further to macroscopic cracking until component
Completely fracture, lead to the thorough failure of component or structure, here it is in fatigue of materials failure procedure after the whole of life period.
It generates fatigue damage and fatigue crack belongs to the early stage in material lifetime period, and occupy the big portion in whole of life period
Between timesharing.In practical projects, it when metal component is in the incipient fatigue damage stage, can be detected due to not yet being formed
Gross imperfection, conventional non-destructive testing technology are generally difficult to be found.But for being chronically under reciprocal alternate load effect
Metal component, macroscopic cracking, will extend rapidly once being formed, it is most likely that fracture suddenly causes catastrophic accident.Traditional
Noninvasive imaging method (Magnetic testing, X-ray, acoustic emission detection and ultrasound detection etc.) can only find to have formed the big of macroscopic view cracking
Dimensional defects.Application material is in recent years to equipment, component progress microlesion non-destructive testing to the nonlinear response of ultrasonic wave
The hot spot of research is effective supplement to material microdefect evaluation method.Non-linear detection technique study packet common at present
Include the higher hamonic wave detection method based on conventional ultrasound, the mixed modulated detection method based on conventional ultrasound and based on ultrasonic phase array
Non-linear detection method.
1, the higher hamonic wave detection method based on conventional ultrasound
Currently, typical document has:
(1) Feng Wei, Wan Chuhao, Liu Bin, multiple spot fast non-linear ultrasound detection [J] machine of rigid iron .7075 aluminum alloy fatigue damage
Tool engineering journal, 2018,54 (10): multiple spot rapid detection system is built in the design of the 23-28. document, in various degree fatigue damage
The ultrasound non-linear effect in fatigue process is studied for the aluminium alloy of wound, the result shows that, nonlinear factor is to fatigue damage
Change it is very sensitive, using the method can realize tired region Primary Location detect.
(2) the linear R ayleigh wave imaging method of the metal surface Li Haiyang, Pan Qianghua, Wang Zhaoba fatigue damage
[J] non-destructive testing, 2018,40 (08): this document propose a kind of linear R ayleigh surface wave imaging methods to come by 34-38.
Realize the detection of metal surface fatigue damage.Test result shows that linear R ayleigh wave imaging method can be used for metal watch
The detection of face fatigue damage.
It is (non-linear that higher hamonic wave detection method based on conventional ultrasound using ultrasonic wave encounters microlesion in test specimen communication process
Defect) when nonlinear effect: on frequency domain generate with fundamental frequency be in integral multiple relation higher harmonic components, pass through harmonic wave
Amplitude or nonlinear factor determine damage, and wherein the application of second harmonic and triple-frequency harmonics is wider.
This method has the disadvantage that
(1) it requires using the biggish ultrasonic action mode of amplitude to motivate higher hamonic wave, thus detection system is required relatively
It is high；
(2) positioning to early fatigue defect, qualitative and imaging be cannot achieve.
(3) instrument itself can bring mission nonlinear, influence practical judgement.
2, the mixed modulated detection method based on conventional ultrasound
Currently, existing typical case's document has:
(1) " the micro-crack localization method of the non-linear ultrasonic heteropleural excitation mixing based on small echo " (Publication No.
CN108709934A)
A kind of micro-crack localization method of the non-linear ultrasonic heteropleural excitation mixing based on small echo of the disclosure of the invention, passes through emulation
It is combined with experiment, obtains the optimal parameter that can characterize mixed frequency signal characteristic frequency.The result shows that based on the non-of wavelet transformation
The correctness and feasibility of linear lamb wave heteropleural excitation mixing localization method.
(2) " structural fatigue direction of check detection non-linear ultrasonic frequency mixing method " (Publication No. CN108872393A)
The patent of invention discloses structural fatigue direction of check detection non-linear ultrasonic frequency mixing method, carries out to each reception signal
Continuous wavelet transform extracts the amplitude of mixing wave, carries out mixing sound field directive property analysis.The result shows that being mixed wave according to reflection
The direction of propagation calculates fatigue crack direction with the changing rule in fatigue crack direction.
This method has the disadvantage that
(1) it cannot achieve to the qualitative of early fatigue defect and imaging.
(2) nonlinear impairments component very little, be difficult to extract, collected signal amplitude very little, be not able to satisfy detection determine
Demand generally requires to be modified ultrasonic signal using special signal processing method, higher to signal processing requirement.
(3) instrument itself can bring mission nonlinear, influence practical judgement.
3, the non-linear detection method based on ultrasonic phase array
Currently, existing typical case's document has:
(1) " a kind of non-linear ultrasonic phased array imaging method for microcrack zone " (Publication No. CN105004792A)
The technical solution using parallel and sequential two kinds of types of focusing in each focal spot fundamental wave energy loss difference as non-linear
Response representation can differentiate focal spot with the presence or absence of damage.Due under two kinds of focusing modes, mission nonlinear bring shadow
Ringing can eliminate in making difference, therefore this method perfectly solves the problems, such as the influence of mission nonlinear.
This method has the disadvantage that
(1) premise calls of this method are that phased array system is needed to have sequential focus ability, i.e. phased array instrument has full square
Battle array capture (FMC) function, i.e., in an acquisition (detection) in the period, array element using operation mode of knocking off single-shot more: exciting in array
Some single array element, all N number of array elements receive simultaneously, the high requirements on the equipment；
(2) data processing is extremely complex, time-consuming, is very difficult to apply in actual quick inspection scene.
Summary of the invention
That the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of equipment is simple, noiseless, detection accuracy is high, can be quick
The fatigue damage nonlinear imaging method of positioning, imaging.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of nonlinear imaging method of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle, packet
Include following steps,
A. phased array is carried out to detection test specimen to deploy to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities；
B. respectively to whole array element phased arrays and grouping array element phased array data acquisition；
C. the corresponding sound kinetic energy of whole array element phased arrays is calculated separatelySound kinetic energy corresponding with grouping array element phased array、、…、；
D. non-linear characterization parameter is calculatedDistribution；
E. willCalculated result imaging.
The step A is arranged the transducer array element of phased array system,NThe arrangement of a array element is one-dimensional array
Form；
The step C using whole array elements (set array number asN), parallel focusing mode calculates different focus pointsThe fundamental wave at place
Sound kinetic energy in frequency band。
(1)
WhereinFor the initial frequency of fundamental wave,For the termination frequency of fundamental wave,It isThe time domain of a array element receives letter
Number it isFrequency spectrum, that is, have:
(2)
The sound kinetic energy in the fundamental frequency that phase array focusing obtains under each grouping is calculated yet by formula (1) later、、…、。
The invention has the advantages that reducing testing cost since detection can be completed using common phased array devices；
In addition, due to whole array element phased arrays and the acquisition of grouping array element phased array data and data processing, realizing detection respectively
The quick positioning of precision height and metal fatigue damage, to improve the detection accuracy of metal material incipient fatigue damage；It realizes
The quick positioning of metal material incipient fatigue damage, image checking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic phase array experiment schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is phased array group technology of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is present invention grouping phased array algorithm schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is imaging algorithm flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
As Figure 1-Figure 4, a kind of nonlinear imaging method of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle of the present invention, including following step
It is rapid:
A. phased array arrangement is carried out to detection test specimen；The transducer array element of phased array system is arranged,NThe arrangement of a array element
Mode is one-dimensional array form；It willNA array element is grouped, it is assumed that is divided intoMGroup, then the 1st array element,M+ 1 array element, the 2ndM
+ 1 array element is one group, the 2nd array element, theM+ 2 array elements, the 2ndM+ 2 array elements are one group, and so on, it obtainsMA grouping
Phased array array.
B. respectively to whole array element phased arrays and grouping array element phased array data acquisition；Every group of array element carries out primary independent
Parallel focusing, and focus point is still chosen according to position when being focused using whole array elements and (is focused according to whole array elements
The constant delay rule of Shi Xiangtong array element).
C. the corresponding sound kinetic energy of whole array element phased arrays is calculated separatelySound kinetic energy corresponding with grouping array element phased array、、…、；Using whole array elements (set array number asN), parallel focusing mode calculates different focus points
Sound kinetic energy in the fundamental frequency at place。
(1)
WhereinFor the initial frequency of fundamental wave,For the termination frequency of fundamental wave,It isThe time domain of a array element receives letter
Number it isFrequency spectrum, that is, have:
(2)
The sound kinetic energy in the fundamental frequency that phase array focusing obtains under each grouping is calculated yet by formula (1) later、、…、。
D. non-linear characterization parameter is calculatedDistribution；Using whole array elements focus withMThe sum of focusing respectively is organized in focus point
Linear response and the imaging results for locating excitation are identical, but two ways is motivated in the nonlinear response that focal spot excites
The energy loss of (fundamental wave) has very big difference in bandwidth.
For example, it is contemplated that the case where only second harmonic is bred: it will again be assumed that phased array system includesNA array element, for one
Array element linear response fractional amplitude caused by focal spot can be set asIf the focus point is defective locations, second harmonic
Amplitude withIt is directly proportional, then the energy of second harmonic then withIt is directly proportional, i.e., the energy loss of fundamental wave withIt is directly proportional.
The case where for being focused using whole array elements, total linear response fractional amplitude caused by the focal spot are, then energy damages
It loses and is then。
The case where focusing for grouping, the linear response fractional amplitude of each group of cohesion focal point is, and focus point
Energy loss is then, M group energy loss and it is。
So, the energy loss that whole array elements focus in focal spot fundamental frequency will be grouping focus when and value
'sTimes, with the increase of packet count, energy difference will be gradually increased, and imaging results can also become further obvious.For reality
Ultrasonic system, do not terminate in generation second harmonic certainly, it is anticipated that energy difference can be more obvious.
E. willCalculated result imaging.
(3)
WhereinIt ismSound kinetic energy in the fundamental frequency of group focal spot.
By calculating different focus pointsDistribution value has then obtained the imaging results of NONLINEAR DEFECT, and adopts due to working as
Experiment condition when focusing when being focused with whole array elements with grouping is identical, and the influence that such mission nonlinear arrives is poor in work
In can completely eliminate.
The present invention reduces testing cost since detection can be completed using common phased array devices；In addition, due to respectively
To whole array element phased arrays and the acquisition of grouping array element phased array data and data processing, therefore realize that detection accuracy height and metal are tired
The quick positioning for wound of straining, to improve the detection accuracy of metal material incipient fatigue damage；Realize metal material early stage
The quick positioning of fatigue damage, image checking.
It is worth noting that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific example mode, it is according to the present invention
Basic fundamental design, it is also possible to which the purpose of the present invention may be implemented in basically same structure, as long as those of ordinary skill in the art
Creative work is needed not move through, the embodiment that can be associated all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of nonlinear imaging method of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle, which is characterized in that include the following steps,
A. phased array is carried out to detection test specimen to deploy to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities；
B. respectively to whole array element phased arrays and grouping array element phased array data acquisition；
C. the corresponding sound kinetic energy of whole array element phased arrays is calculated separatelySound kinetic energy corresponding with grouping array element phased array、、…、；
D. non-linear characterization parameter is calculatedDistribution；
E. willCalculated result imaging.
2. the nonlinear imaging method of Metal Material Fatigue closure crackle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step A is arranged the transducer array element of phased array system,NThe arrangement of a array element is one-dimensional array form；
The step C using whole array elements (set array number asN), parallel focusing mode calculates different focus pointsThe fundamental wave frequency at place
Sound kinetic energy in band；
(1)
WhereinFor the initial frequency of fundamental wave,For the termination frequency of fundamental wave,It isThe time domain of a array element receives letter
Number it isFrequency spectrum, that is, have:
(2)
The sound kinetic energy in the fundamental frequency that phase array focusing obtains under each grouping is calculated yet by formula (1) later、、…、。
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113008992A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 天津大学 | Novel imaging detection method suitable for detecting early fatigue damage of material |
| CN113390967A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-09-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on trapezoidal array |
| CN114910565A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-16 | 天津市特种设备监督检验技术研究院(天津市特种设备事故应急调查处理中心) | Method for correcting relative nonlinear coefficient in nonlinear ultrasonic detection |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113008992A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 天津大学 | Novel imaging detection method suitable for detecting early fatigue damage of material |
| CN113008992B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-07-01 | 天津大学 | Novel imaging detection method suitable for detecting early fatigue damage of material |
| CN113390967A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-09-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Nonlinear guided wave composite material damage positioning method based on trapezoidal array |
| CN114910565A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-16 | 天津市特种设备监督检验技术研究院(天津市特种设备事故应急调查处理中心) | Method for correcting relative nonlinear coefficient in nonlinear ultrasonic detection |
| CN114910565B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-27 | 天津市特种设备监督检验技术研究院(天津市特种设备事故应急调查处理中心) | Method for correcting relative nonlinear coefficient in nonlinear ultrasonic detection |
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