CN108918668B - Composite material elliptical damage positioning detection method based on common circumscribed circle - Google Patents

Composite material elliptical damage positioning detection method based on common circumscribed circle Download PDF

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CN108918668B
CN108918668B CN201810467444.4A CN201810467444A CN108918668B CN 108918668 B CN108918668 B CN 108918668B CN 201810467444 A CN201810467444 A CN 201810467444A CN 108918668 B CN108918668 B CN 108918668B
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piezoelectric
damage
signal
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receiving
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CN108918668A (en
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李成
郑艳萍
宋成杰
赵江铭
铁瑛
赵华东
侯玉亮
段玥晨
夏小松
赵竹君
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Zhengzhou University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves

Abstract

A detection device adopted by the detection method comprises a square monitoring area formed by four piezoelectric sensors, a single piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the center position and serves as an excitation piezoelectric sheet, the other four piezoelectric sensors serve as receiving piezoelectric sheets, and detection is carried out through the damage positioning detection method. The method adopts a combination form of a square monitoring area and an excitation piezoelectric plate, combines a common circumscribed circle with ellipse positioning, performs common circumscribed circle fitting by a least square method according to a damage intersection point coordinate, can determine the damage position and the damage degree according to the circle center coordinate and the diameter size information of the common circumscribed fitting circle, overcomes the defect that the traditional ellipse positioning method can only perform positioning simply and cannot perform damage degree evaluation, and provides a simple and rapid method for judging the damage degree.

Description

Composite material elliptical damage positioning detection method based on common circumscribed circle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a composite material elliptical damage positioning and detecting method based on a common circumscribed circle.
Background
Lamb wave is an elastic guided wave transmitted in a solid plate or a laminated structure with a free boundary, and becomes an important means for the research in the field of the existing nondestructive testing due to the propagation characteristics of the Lamb wave, such as small attenuation along a propagation path, small energy loss, long transmission distance and the like. The composite material has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, so that the aircraft in the aerospace field is greatly used at present. However, the composite material aircraft component is very easy to generate internal micro defects such as layering and cracks in the manufacturing and service processes, and in order to meet the requirements of high quality, high reliability, high performance and long service life of the aviation industry products, the composite material aircraft component needs to be detected in an all-round manner. For aerospace structures made of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, Lamb waves are commonly used.
The traditional damage detection method such as the ellipse positioning technology mainly forms an ellipse according to damage characteristic signals, carries out the positioning of structural damage in a curve intersection point mode, has positioning precision in direct proportion to the number of sensors and signal processing precision, is only simple in positioning, and researches on quantitative evaluation technology of damage degree are imperative along with the continuous improvement of actual engineering on technical requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the positioning of the damage of a composite material and the evaluation of the damage degree, and improve the positioning precision, and provides a composite material ellipse positioning detection method based on a common circumscribed circle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a detection device adopted by the detection method comprises a square monitoring area formed by four piezoelectric sensors, wherein a single piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the center position and serves as an excitation piezoelectric sheet, and the other four piezoelectric sensors serve as receiving piezoelectric sheets; the damage positioning detection method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the center of a composite material plate to be detected as an original point, wherein the excitation piezoelectric sheet is positioned at the original point, the four receiving piezoelectric sheets form a monitoring area, the center position coincides with the original point, and the center coordinate of each piezoelectric sheet is recorded as (x)i,yi) Wherein i is the number of each piezoelectric patch, the number of the excitation piezoelectric patch is marked as 0, and the numbers of the receiving piezoelectric patches are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4;
2) during testing, the excitation piezoelectric sheets are applied with signal excitation, firstly, signals fed back by the receiving piezoelectric sheets are sequentially collected and collected under the condition that the composite material plate is not damaged and healthy, and are recorded as
Figure BDA0001662272630000021
And then, sequentially collecting and collecting signals fed back by each receiving piezoelectric sheet under the damage state of the composite material plate, and recording the signals as
Figure BDA0001662272630000022
And before and after the composite plate is damaged, other test conditions are unchanged, wherein an excitation signal u (t) applied to the excitation piezoelectric sheet is as follows:
u(t)＝A[H(t)-H(t-n/fc)](1-cos(2πfct/n))sin2πfct
wherein H (t) is a Heaviside step function,
a is the amplitude modulation of the signal and,
fcin order to be the center frequency of the signal,
n is the number of signal wave crests;
3) health signals collected by each receiving piezoelectric sheet
Figure BDA0001662272630000023
And damage signal
Figure BDA0001662272630000024
Performing difference signal analysis;
4) finding out damage characteristic signals and signal direct waves in the difference signals, finding out corresponding time according to signal envelopes, and respectively recording the time as Ti(i＝1，2，3，4)，Tj(i ═ 1, 2, 3, 4) the signal can be obtained in two paths: excitation piezoelectric sheet → damage position → reception piezoelectric sheet, excitation piezoelectric sheet → time difference Δ T ═ T propagating in reception piezoelectric sheeti-Tj；
5) And (3) substituting the coordinates of each piezoelectric sensor and the time difference parameter and the signal propagation speed in the step 4) into an algorithm formula to construct an elliptical track, wherein the algorithm formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001662272630000025
wherein upsilon is the Lamb wave velocity,
dmnis the flight time of the signal after being reflected by the damage and then to the receiving piezoelectric plate,
(x, y) is the coordinates of the lesion, (x)m,ym) To excite the piezoelectric patch coordinates, (x)n,yn) Receiving the coordinates of the piezoelectric sheet;
6) and constructing four elliptical tracks according to the four receiving piezoelectric sheets, solving intersection point coordinates, and screening the damage intersection points according to the intersection point discreteness.
7) Fitting an excircle according to the intersection point coordinate data obtained in the step 6) by a least square method, wherein the fitting circle is tangent to the four constructed ellipses;
8) and obtaining circle center coordinate information and diameter size information according to the common circumscribed fitting circle, determining the damage position, and evaluating the damage degree.
The piezoelectric sensor adopts round piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the parameters of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are completely the same.
The method for positioning and detecting the elliptical damage of the composite material based on the common circumscribed circle, provided by the invention, adopts a form of combining a square monitoring area with an excitation piezoelectric plate, combines the common circumscribed circle with elliptical positioning, performs common circumscribed circle fitting by a least square method according to the coordinates of damage intersection points, can determine the damage position and the damage degree according to the information of the coordinates of the circle center and the diameter of the common circumscribed fitting circle, overcomes the defect that the traditional elliptical positioning method can only perform simple positioning and cannot perform damage degree evaluation, and provides a simple and rapid method for judging the damage degree.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the invention, a common circumscribed circle-based composite material elliptical damage positioning detection method adopts detection equipment comprising a square damage monitoring area formed by four receiving piezoelectric sensors and an excitation piezoelectric patch formed by a single piezoelectric sensor, wherein the excitation piezoelectric patch is arranged at the center position of the square damage monitoring area, and the other four piezoelectric sensors are used as receiving piezoelectric patches. The detection method adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the center of a composite material plate to be detected as an original point, wherein the excitation piezoelectric sheet is positioned at the original point, the four receiving piezoelectric sheets form a monitoring area, the center position coincides with the original point, and the center coordinate of each piezoelectric sheet is recorded as (x)i,yi) Wherein i is the number of each piezoelectric patch, the number of the excitation piezoelectric patch is marked as 0, and the numbers of the receiving piezoelectric patches are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4;
2) during testing, the excitation piezoelectric sheets are applied with signal excitation, firstly, signals fed back by the receiving piezoelectric sheets are sequentially collected and collected under the condition that the composite material plate is not damaged and healthy, and are recorded as
Figure BDA0001662272630000031
And then, sequentially collecting and collecting signals fed back by each receiving piezoelectric sheet under the damage state of the composite material plate, and recording the signals as
Figure BDA0001662272630000032
And before and after the composite plate is damaged, other test conditions are unchanged, wherein an excitation signal u (t) applied to the excitation piezoelectric sheet is as follows:
u(t)＝A[H(t)-H(t-n/fc)](1-cos(2πfct/n))sin2πfct
wherein H (t) is the Heaviside step function, A is the amplitude modulation of the signal, fcIs the signal center frequency, and n is the number of signal wave crests;
3) for the collected health signals received by each receiving piezoelectric sheet
Figure BDA0001662272630000033
And damage signal
Figure BDA0001662272630000034
Performing difference signal analysis;
4) finding impairment signature and signal in difference signalFinding out the corresponding time of the direct wave according to the signal envelope, and respectively recording the time as Ti(i＝1，2，3，4)，Tj(i ═ 1, 2, 3, 4) the signal can be obtained in two paths: namely, the time difference delta T ═ T between the characteristic signal of the damage propagated from the excitation piezoelectric sheet → the damage position → the receiving piezoelectric sheet and the direct wave of the signal propagated from the excitation piezoelectric sheet → the receiving piezoelectric sheeti-Tj；
5) And (3) substituting the coordinates of each piezoelectric sensor and the time difference parameter and the signal propagation speed in the step 4) into an algorithm formula to construct an elliptical track, wherein the algorithm formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001662272630000041
where v is the Lamb wave velocity and dmnIs the time of flight (x, y), (x) of the signal after reflection from the lesion to the receiver piezoelectric patchm,ym)，(xn,yn) Dividing the damage coordinates into damage coordinates, exciting the piezoelectric patch coordinates, and receiving the piezoelectric patch coordinates;
6) constructing four elliptical tracks according to the four receiving piezoelectric sheets, solving intersection point coordinates, and screening out damage intersection points according to intersection point discreteness;
7) fitting an excircle according to the intersection point coordinate data obtained in the step 6) by a least square method, wherein the fitting circle is tangent to the four constructed ellipses;
8) and obtaining circle center coordinate information and diameter size information according to the common circumscribed fitting circle, determining the damage position, and evaluating the damage degree.
The invention discloses a composite material oval damage positioning detection method based on a common circumscribed circle, which comprises the steps of firstly, designing a piezoelectric sheet array, and forming a damage monitoring area by a piezoelectric sensor in a square shape; secondly, in a healthy state, excitation is applied to the excitation piezoelectric patches adhered to the composite material plate, and response signals fed back by the four receiving piezoelectric patches are collected respectively; thirdly, in a damage state, acquiring response signals fed back by the four receiving piezoelectric patches, respectively performing difference signal processing on the signals in the health state and the damage state, finding out damage characteristic signals and direct wave signals and corresponding time of the signals, and calculating the time difference; then, according to the processing data and the signal propagation speed, constructing an ellipse according to an ellipse positioning principle, and calculating damage intersection point coordinates of the four ellipses; and finally, fitting the common circumscribed circle by a least square method according to the coordinates of the damage intersection points, and determining the damage position and the damage degree according to the center coordinates and the diameter size information of the common circumscribed fitted circle.
The method for positioning and detecting the elliptical damage of the composite material based on the common circumscribed circle, provided by the invention, adopts a form of combining the square monitoring area with the excitation piezoelectric plate, and utilizes the combination of the common circumscribed circle and the elliptical positioning, so that the defect that the traditional elliptical positioning method can only perform positioning simply and cannot perform damage degree evaluation is overcome, and a simple and rapid method is provided for judging the damage degree.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The composite material elliptical damage positioning detection method based on the common circumscribed circle is characterized by comprising the following steps: the detection equipment adopted by the detection method comprises a square monitoring area formed by four piezoelectric sensors, a single piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the center position and serves as an excitation piezoelectric sheet, and the other four piezoelectric sensors serve as receiving piezoelectric sheets; the damage positioning detection method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the center of a composite material plate to be detected as an original point, wherein the excitation piezoelectric sheet is positioned at the original point, the four receiving piezoelectric sheets form a monitoring area, the center position coincides with the original point, and the center coordinate of each piezoelectric sheet is recorded as (x)i,yi) Wherein i isThe serial number of each piezoelectric piece, the serial number of the exciting piezoelectric piece is marked as 0, and the serial numbers of the receiving piezoelectric pieces are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4;
2) during testing, the excitation piezoelectric sheets are applied with signal excitation, firstly, signals fed back by the receiving piezoelectric sheets are sequentially collected and collected under the condition that the composite material plate is not damaged and healthy, and are recorded as
Figure FDA0002637877660000011
And then, sequentially collecting and collecting signals fed back by each receiving piezoelectric sheet under the damage state of the composite material plate, and recording the signals as
Figure FDA0002637877660000012
And before and after the composite plate is damaged, other test conditions are unchanged, wherein an excitation signal u (t) applied to the excitation piezoelectric sheet is as follows:
u(t)＝A[H(t)-H(t-n/fc)](1-cos(2πfct/n))sin2πfct
wherein H (t) is a Heaviside step function,
a is the amplitude modulation of the signal and,
fcin order to be the center frequency of the signal,
n is the number of signal wave crests;
3) health signals collected by each receiving piezoelectric sheet
Figure FDA0002637877660000013
And damage signal
Figure FDA0002637877660000014
Performing difference signal analysis;
4) finding out damage characteristic signals and signal direct waves in the difference signals, finding out corresponding time according to signal envelopes, and respectively recording the time as Tii＝1，2，3，4，Tjj ═ 1, 2, 3, 4 can result in signals in two paths: excitation piezoelectric sheet → damage position → reception piezoelectric sheet, excitation piezoelectric sheet → time difference Δ T ═ T propagating in reception piezoelectric sheeti-Tj；
5) And (3) substituting the coordinates of each piezoelectric sensor and the time difference parameter and the signal propagation speed in the step 4) into an algorithm formula to construct an elliptical track, wherein the algorithm formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002637877660000015
wherein upsilon is the Lamb wave velocity,
dmnis the flight time of the signal after being reflected by the damage and then to the receiving piezoelectric plate,
(x, y) is the coordinates of the lesion, (x)m,ym) To excite the piezoelectric patch coordinates, (x)n,yn) Receiving the coordinates of the piezoelectric sheet;
6) constructing four elliptical tracks according to the four receiving piezoelectric sheets, solving intersection point coordinates, and screening out damage intersection points according to intersection point discreteness;
7) fitting an excircle according to the intersection point coordinate data obtained in the step 6) by a least square method, wherein the fitting circle is tangent to the four constructed ellipses;
8) and obtaining circle center coordinate information and diameter size information according to the common circumscribed fitting circle, determining the damage position, and evaluating the damage degree.
2. The method for detecting elliptical damage positioning of composite materials based on common circumscribed circles as defined in claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric sensor adopts round piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the parameters of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are completely the same.
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