CN113383688A - Production method of selenium-rich rice - Google Patents

Production method of selenium-rich rice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113383688A
CN113383688A CN202110663463.6A CN202110663463A CN113383688A CN 113383688 A CN113383688 A CN 113383688A CN 202110663463 A CN202110663463 A CN 202110663463A CN 113383688 A CN113383688 A CN 113383688A
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China
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rice
selenium
fertilizer
spraying
soil
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CN202110663463.6A
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Inventor
李玉梅
刘峥宇
张振海
王晓轶
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Heilongjiang Zhijin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Heilongjiang Zhijin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110663463.6A priority Critical patent/CN113383688A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/04Harvesting of standing crops of rice
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the following steps: variety selection, rice fertilization, selenium fertilizer spraying on leaf surfaces and rice processing are specifically as follows: variety selection: taking high-quality japonica rice varieties with long grains, fragrant types and taste values of 80-90 minutes as main materials, and fertilizing the rice: applying 25-45 kg/mu of formula fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 5-8 kg/mu of tillering fertilizer urea and 2-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate to the rice base fertilizer; 2-3 kg/mu of spike urea and 2-4 kg/mu of spike potash fertilizer; spraying selenium fertilizer on leaf surfaces: the selenium fertilizer has the components of selenium content not less than 500.0ppm, organic matter not less than 20.0g/L, amino acid N not less than 1.0g/L, rice processing and the like, improves the selenium-rich property of rice, and is suitable for black soil, meadow soil, white serous soil and other types of soil with the soil selenium content lower than 0.2mg/kg in northeast China.

Description

Production method of selenium-rich rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a production method of selenium-rich rice.
Background
Selenium element has anticancer and cancer preventing effects, and can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to selenium deficiency. Selenium is mainly from food, and the selenium deficiency in food is the main reason for the selenium deficiency of human body. Two thirds of areas from east to west of China are in selenium-deficient areas, selenium deficiency of plants is caused by insufficient content of selenium in soil, and finally selenium deficiency of human bodies is caused by low content of selenium in agricultural products. Although the selenium content in some soil can reach the selenium-rich or selenium-rich level, the selenium content in agricultural products is insufficient due to the limited absorption capacity of plant roots. With the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health consciousness of people, the demand of high-quality and functional selenium-rich foods (selenium-rich rice, selenium-rich flour and the like) is increased. Generally, the purpose of selenium enrichment of rice can be achieved by applying selenium fertilizer to soil and spraying selenium fertilizer to leaf surfaces, but the selenium fertilizer applied to soil has the defects of large selenium fertilizer consumption, high cost, weak root system absorption capacity, secondary soil pollution caused by heavy metal brought by mineral selenium and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a production method of selenium-enriched rice for overcoming the defects in the prior art, which comprises the following steps: variety selection, rice fertilization, selenium fertilizer spraying on leaf surfaces and rice processing are specifically as follows:
variety selection: the method is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) giving priority to high-quality japonica rice varieties with long grains, fragrant types and taste values of 80-90 minutes;
fertilizing rice: applying 25-45 kg/mu of formula fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 5-8 kg/mu of tillering fertilizer urea and 2-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate to the rice base fertilizer; 2-3 kg/mu of spike urea and 2-4 kg/mu of spike potash fertilizer;
spraying selenium fertilizer on leaf surfaces: the selenium fertilizer comprises the components of selenium which is more than or equal to 500.0ppm, organic matters which is more than or equal to 20.0g/L and amino acid N which is more than or equal to 1.0g/L, and the preparation method comprises the steps of adding a proper amount of humic acid 15-20%, glutamic acid 0.5-2.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2-5%, borax 0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.5%, complexing agent 0.5-1% and surfactant 1.5-2.0% into fermentation liquor of high-activity yeast, uniformly mixing to obtain a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, spraying the selenium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of rice for 2-3 times, completing the first rice tillering stage, loading the selenium fertilizer amount by an unmanned aerial vehicle of 1.5-2.0 kg, adding water of 8.0-18.5 kg and spraying the area of 1.0 ha; at the final stage of the second rice flowering, 2.0kg-3.0kg of selenium fertilizer is loaded by the unmanned aerial vehicle, 7.0kg-18.0kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the third paddy filling period, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.5kg-3.5kg, the water is added for 6.5kg-17.5kg, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
processing rice: when the water content of the paddy is about 16-18%, the paddy can be cut and dried in the sun or threshed by mechanical harvesting, the paddy can be dried in the sun or dried at low temperature until the water content is 14-15%, the rice can be hulled and processed, the number of times of polishing the rice is reduced, impurities are removed, the chalky rice is screened out and then packaged, the selenium content of the rice grains is detected to be 0.10-0.30 mg/kg, and no heavy metal or pesticide residue exists.
Furthermore, in the variety selection, the first and second temperature zones in the northeast region are selected from the varieties of Songjing 22, Wuyou rice No. 2, Longdao 18, Longyang 16, etc., and the third and fourth temperature zones are generally selected from the varieties of Suizhong 18, Suizhong 27, Xiuxiang No. 1, etc.
Further, the rice is fertilized: the formula fertilizer for applying the rice base fertilizer is N: p2O5:K218-10-8 of O, 25-45 kg/mu.
Furthermore, after the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the rice blast prevention and control are needed, and the prevention and control method adopts a common prevention and control method in the prior art.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the selenium enrichment of rice, and is suitable for black soil, meadow soil, white serous soil and other types of soil with the selenium content lower than 0.2mg/kg in northeast.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Wuchang Longfengshan of the invention with no selenium on the left side and no selenium-rich rice on the right side;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the left selenium-enriched rice and the right selenium-enriched lodging in Tailai of the present invention;
fig. 3-7 are detection report graphs of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1: a production method of selenium-enriched rice comprises the following steps: variety selection, rice fertilization, selenium fertilizer spraying on leaf surfaces and rice processing are specifically as follows:
variety selection: mainly takes the high-quality japonica rice variety with long grain, fragrant type and taste value of 80-90 minutes,
fertilizing rice: the rice base fertilizer is applied with 25-45 kg/mu of formula fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of tillering fertilizer urea and 2-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate; 2 kg/mu of spike urea and 2 kg/mu of spike potash fertilizer;
spraying selenium fertilizer on leaf surfaces: the selenium fertilizer comprises the components of selenium which is more than or equal to 500.0ppm, organic matters which is more than or equal to 20.0g/L and amino acid N which is more than or equal to 1.0g/L, and the preparation method comprises the steps of adding a proper amount of humic acid 15-20%, glutamic acid 0.5-2.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2%, borax 0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.5%, complexing agent 0.5-1% and surfactant 1.5-2% into fermentation liquor of high-activity yeast, uniformly mixing to obtain a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, spraying the selenium fertilizer on rice leaf surfaces for 2-3 times, completing the first rice tillering stage, loading 1.5kg of selenium fertilizer by an unmanned aerial vehicle, adding 18.5kg of water and spraying the area of 1.0 ha; at the final stage of the second rice flowering, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.0kg, the water is added for 18.0kg, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the third paddy filling period, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of an unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.5kg, 17.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
processing rice: when the water content of the paddy is about 16 percent, the paddy can be cut and dried in the sun or threshed by mechanical harvesting, and the paddy can be hulled and processed by sun-drying or low-temperature drying until the water content of the paddy is lower than 15 percent, so that the number of times of polishing rice is reduced, impurities are removed, and chalky rice is screened out and then packaged. The selenium content of the rice grains is detected to be 0.10mg/kg, and no heavy metal and pesticide residue are generated.
In the variety selection, the first and second temperature zones in the northeast region are selected from the varieties of Songjing 22, Wuyou rice No. 2, Longdao 18, Longyang 16, etc., and the third and fourth temperature zones are generally selected from the varieties of Suljing 18, Suljing 27, Chunxiangjing No. 1, etc.
The rice isFertilizing: applying a formula fertilizer N: p2O5:K2O, 18-10-8, 25-45 kg/mu
After the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the rice blast prevention treatment is needed, and the treatment method adopts a common treatment method in the prior art.
Example 2: a production method of selenium-enriched rice comprises the following steps: variety selection, rice fertilization, selenium fertilizer spraying on leaf surfaces and rice processing are specifically as follows:
variety selection: mainly takes the high-quality japonica rice variety with long grain, fragrant type and taste value of 80-90 minutes,
fertilizing rice: applying 35 kg/mu of formula fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 8 kg/mu of tillering fertilizer urea and 6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate to the rice base fertilizer; 3 kg/mu of spike urea and 4 kg/mu of spike potash fertilizer;
spraying selenium fertilizer on leaf surfaces: the selenium fertilizer comprises the components of selenium which is more than or equal to 500.0ppm, organic matters which is more than or equal to 20.0g/L and amino acid N which is more than or equal to 1.0g/L, and the preparation method comprises the steps of adding a proper amount of humic acid 20%, glutamic acid 2.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5%, borax 0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.5%, complexing agent 0.5-1% and surfactant 1.5-2% into fermentation liquor of high-activity yeast, uniformly mixing to obtain a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, spraying the selenium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of rice for 3 times, wherein in the first tillering stage of rice, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of an unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.0kg, water is added for 18.0kg, and the spraying area is 1.0; at the final stage of the second rice flowering, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3.0kg, 17.0kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the third paddy filling period, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of an unmanned aerial vehicle is 3.5kg, water is added for 16.5kg, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
processing rice: when the water content of the paddy is about 16-18%, the paddy can be cut and dried in the sun or mechanically harvested and threshed, the paddy can be hulled and processed after the water content of grains is less than 15% by sun drying or low-temperature drying, the number of times of polishing rice is reduced, impurities are removed, chalky rice is screened out and then packaged, the selenium content of paddy grains is detected to be 0.30mg/kg, and no heavy metal or pesticide residue exists.
In the variety selection, the first and second temperature zones in the northeast region are selected from the varieties of Songjing 22, Wuyou rice No. 2, Longdao 18, Longyang 16, etc., and the third and fourth temperature zones are generally selected from the varieties of Suljing 18, Suljing 27, Chunxiangjing No. 1, etc.
And (3) fertilizing the rice: the formula fertilizer for applying the rice base fertilizer is N: p2O5:K218-10-8 of O, 25-45 kg/mu.
After the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the rice blast prevention and control are needed, and the prevention and control method adopts a common prevention and control method in the prior art.
The invention improves the selenium enrichment of rice, and is suitable for black soil, meadow soil, white serous soil and other types of soil with the selenium content lower than 0.2mg/kg in northeast.
Having thus described the basic principles and principal features of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration only, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A production method of selenium-enriched rice is characterized by comprising the following steps: variety selection, rice fertilization, selenium fertilizer spraying on leaf surfaces and rice processing are specifically as follows:
variety selection: the method is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) giving priority to high-quality japonica rice varieties with long grains, fragrant types and taste values of 80-90 minutes;
fertilizing rice: the rice base fertilizer is applied with 25-45 kg/mu of formula fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 5-8 kg/mu of tillering fertilizer urea, 2-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate, 2-3 kg/mu of spike urea and 2-4 kg/mu of spike potash fertilizer;
spraying selenium fertilizer on leaf surfaces: the selenium fertilizer comprises the components of selenium which is more than or equal to 500.0ppm, organic matters which is more than or equal to 20.0g/L and amino acid N which is more than or equal to 1.0g/L, and the preparation method comprises the steps of adding a proper amount of humic acid 15-20%, glutamic acid 0.5-2.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2-5%, borax 0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.5%, complexing agent 0.5-1% and surfactant 1.5-2.0% into fermentation liquor of high-activity yeast, uniformly mixing to obtain a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, spraying the selenium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of rice for 2-3 times, completing the first rice tillering stage, loading the selenium fertilizer amount by an unmanned aerial vehicle of 1.5-2.0 kg, adding water of 8.0-18.5 kg and spraying the area of 1.0 ha; at the final stage of the second rice flowering, 2.0kg-3.0kg of selenium fertilizer is loaded by the unmanned aerial vehicle, 7.0kg-18.0kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the third paddy filling period, the selenium fertilizer loading amount of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.5kg-3.5kg, the water is added for 6.5kg-17.5kg, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
processing rice: when the water content of the paddy is about 16-18%, the paddy can be cut and dried in the sun or threshed by mechanical harvesting, the paddy can be dried in the sun or dried at low temperature until the water content is 14-15%, the rice can be hulled and processed, the number of times of polishing the rice is reduced, impurities are removed, the chalky rice is screened out and then packaged, the selenium content of the rice grains is detected to be 0.10-0.30 mg/kg, and no heavy metal or pesticide residue exists.
2. The method for producing selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second temperature zones in northeast region are selected from Songjing 22, Wuyou rice No. 2, Long rice 18, Long ocean 16, and the third and fourth temperature zones are selected from Suljing 18, Suljing 27, and Chunxiangjing No. 1.
3. The method for producing selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice is fertilized with: the formula fertilizer for applying the rice base fertilizer is N: p2O5:K218-10-8 of O, 25-45 kg/mu.
4. The method for producing selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the prevention and control of rice blast is required after the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface, and the prevention and control method is a common prevention and control method in the prior art.
CN202110663463.6A 2021-06-16 2021-06-16 Production method of selenium-rich rice Pending CN113383688A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN104108962A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-10-22 姚海斌 Method for preparing organic selenium fertilizer through hydrolysis of selenium-enriched yeast
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CN104838832A (en) * 2015-03-13 2015-08-19 高煜昕 Planting method of selenium-rich rice
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