CN113382848A - 复合层叠树脂及纤维玻璃结构 - Google Patents

复合层叠树脂及纤维玻璃结构 Download PDF

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CN113382848A
CN113382848A CN201980091118.0A CN201980091118A CN113382848A CN 113382848 A CN113382848 A CN 113382848A CN 201980091118 A CN201980091118 A CN 201980091118A CN 113382848 A CN113382848 A CN 113382848A
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laminate structure
composite laminate
composite
fibers
thermoplastic
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马克·道格拉斯·拉康特
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Tiekemodoo Ouli Holding Co ltd
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Abstract

一种复合材料层叠结构包括:一非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫的芯材;一顶部层,位于所述芯材的一侧上,所述上部包括织造玻璃/热塑性塑料的单向结构带;及一底部层,位于所述芯材的相对于所述顶部层的一侧上,所述底部层包括织造玻璃/热塑性塑料的单向结构带,所述顶部层及所述底部层被热熔至所述芯材上。

Description

复合层叠树脂及纤维玻璃结构
背景技术
本申请主张2018年12月7日提交的美国临时专利申请序号62/776,798及2019年6月27日提交的美国临时专利申请序号62/867,571的优先权,其完整的公开内容通过引用并入本文中,如同在本文中完全重写。
本发明涉及一种复合层叠树脂及玻璃纤维材料,以及一种制造所述复合材料的方法,特别是涉及一种制造一轻质复合材料的材料和方法,所述轻质复合材料特别适用于建筑建造、休闲车与卡车及其改装,及/或用于汽车或其他运输车辆的各种位置,包括面板结构及/或车身底部防护罩。
在商用车行业(包括休闲车行业、卡车行业及改装车),通常一车辆的外部表面使用包括有玻璃纤维增强材料的多个墙板。面板可具有各种宽度,且通常落于8英尺至10英尺的一范围内。所述面板具有多种已制定的长度也很常见,其包括可能长达40英尺或甚至更长的面板。从制造过程的角度来看,目前使用的多个过程是繁琐的,包括将所述面板多次移动到各个工站,这增加了其成本。美国专利公告6,755,633B2号公开了制作这类面板的一示例,其整体内容通过引用并入本文中。
在一种已知且目前已使用的过程中,一复合材料首先利用一细长模具开始进行。所述模具在宽度及长度上皆大于待制作的面板,以便于修整所述面板。对所述面板的模具表面进行最后加工,以提供一基本平坦且光滑的表面,且所述模具上的表面可用于形成所述面板的可见外部表面。
在一已知的制造面板的现有技术方法中,首先利用一种称为凝胶涂层的涂层来喷涂一模具,所述凝胶涂层固化以形成所述面板的一高光泽外表面。一旦固化,就将树脂及玻璃纤维施加到所述凝胶涂层的顶部表面,接着,在所述玻璃纤维的顶部并排放置多个面板,通常是硬板,例如路安(luan)面板。所述多个面板之间的接缝利用一接缝材料覆盖住,并在多个面板的顶部放置一真空袋,且引入一轻微的真空,如此将所述树脂吸入多个路安面板中,以形成一成品。接着,将一完成的产品从所述模具中拉出,并切割及修整成合适的尺寸。
一种施加所述凝胶涂层的方法是保持所述细长模具处于静止状态,接着沿着轨道纵向移动凝胶涂层喷涂器,并喷涂所述细长模具的整个长度。这样可以在所述模具上提供一足够的凝胶涂层,但由于所述喷雾器的移动,捕获所述凝胶涂层的烟雾可能很困难。再者,由于需要维护所述模具,因此通过一高架起重机将所述模具移入及移出其各个位置,然而,由于所述细长模具的尺寸,这可能是困难的操作。因此,本发明的一目的为克服现有技术的多个缺点。
Brentrup等人的美国专利公告第8,540,830B2公开了另一种可模制的纤维增强产品及其生产方法,其整体内容通过引用并入本文中。Brentrup等人公开一种用于生产一热塑性材料及多个增强纤维的一热塑性可模制半成品的连续方法。所述方法包括:将多个热塑性纤维及多个增强纤维混合在一起,以形成一非织造混合物;通过进行针刺或通过一热处理法来固结(consolidating)所述非织造混合物;将所述固结过的非织造混合物加热至高于热塑性材料的软化温度的一温度;在一加热过的压缩模具及一冷却过的压缩模具中在小于0.8巴的一压力下连续压缩所述固结过的非织造混合物至少3秒;及可选择地将多个功能层施加在所述半成品上。优选的产品是一平均长度为20至60毫米,且一气孔含量为35至65体积百分比的一种热塑性材料及增强纤维的热塑性可模制半成品。
本发明的一目的为提供一种改良的产品及制造方法。
发明内容
在本发明的一实施例中,提供了一种复合材料层叠结构,所述复合材料层叠结构包括:一非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫(non-woven thermoplastic/fiberglass mixmatte)的芯材;一顶部层,位于所述芯材的一侧上,其中所述上部层具有一织造玻璃/热塑性复合材料的单向结构带(uni-directional structural tape);及一底部层,位于所述芯材的相对于所述顶部层的一侧上。所述底部层包括一织造玻璃/热塑性复合材料的单向结构带。所述顶部层及所述底部层被密封在所述芯材上。
所述顶部及底部的外部层包括连续0°至90°的玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料(fiberglass reinforced thermoplastic)。所述芯材可包括一针刺垫(needle punchedmatte),且所述芯材包括一热处理过的垫体(matte)。在一实施例中,所述芯材的面积重量为100至2500克/平方米,厚度从0.5至6毫米。
所述顶部层及底部层可被热熔至所述非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫上,且所述芯材可包括以多纤维股线(multi-fiber strand)的形式来提供的热塑性塑料及增强纤维。所述多纤维股线可被梳理(carded),如此一来,未打开及部分打开的股线很少,且所述垫体具有一均匀的外观。梳理过的垫体在与所述顶部层及底部层进行密封之前可具有一蓬松的(lofty)外观。
在一实施例中,所述顶部层及底部层具有被定向为彼此互相垂直的单向连续复合材料。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种用于制造一复合材料层叠结构的方法包括以下步骤:提供一非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫的芯材;提供一顶部层,其中所述顶部层包括一连续0°至90°的玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料;将所述顶部层设置在所述芯材的一侧;及提供一底部层,所述底部层包括连续0°至90°的玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料。所述底部层位于所述芯材相对于所述顶部层的一侧上,且所述顶部层及底部层被密封在所述芯材上。
所述顶部层可包括一织造玻璃/热塑性复合材料的单向结构带,且所述底部层也可包括织造玻璃/热塑性复合材料的单向结构带。
所述制造一复合材料层叠结构的方法还可包括:在所述芯材被密封至所述顶部层及底部层之前,对所述芯材进行针刺的步骤。
所述制造一复合材料层叠结构的方法还可包括:在将所述垫体密封至所述顶部层及底部层之前,对所述垫体进行热处理的步骤。在一实施例中,所述芯材的面积重量为100至2500克/平方米,厚度从0.5至6毫米。
所述制造一复合材料层叠结构的方法还可包括以下步骤:将所述顶部层及底部层热熔至所述非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫;及以多纤维股线的形式提供热塑性塑料及增强纤维;在一空气流中混合所述多纤维股线;以及将所述多纤维股线沉积在一移动皮带上。
所述制造一复合材料层叠结构的方法还可包括以下步骤:梳理多纤维股线,以减少未打开及部分打开的股线;及提供具有一均匀外观的所述垫体。
在一实施例中,所述制造一复合材料层叠结构的方法包括:将所述顶部层及底部层中的所述单向玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料定向为彼此互相垂直。
本文的教学是针对一种复合材料层叠结构,所述复合材料层叠结构包括:一非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫的芯材;一顶部层,位于所述芯材的一侧上,所述上部包括织造玻璃/热塑性塑料的单向结构带;及一底部层,位于所述芯材的相对于所述顶部层的一侧上,所述底部层包括织造玻璃/热塑性塑料的单向结构带,所述顶部层及底部层被热熔至所述芯材上。所述顶部层及底部层可包括连续0°至90°的玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料。
所述复合材料的厚度可为约0.05英寸至约1英寸。层叠体(laminate)具有依照ASTM D6341量测出的约3.0E-06至约10.0E-06的一热膨胀系数。所述复合材料可具有依照ASTM D3039-08量测出的约0.05%至约0.3%,或甚至是约0.1%至约0.2%的1,000psi的一应力。所述复合材料可具有依照ASTM D3039-08量测出的约0.1%至约0.7%,或甚至是约0.3%至约0.5%的2,500psi的一应力。所述复合材料可具有依照ASTM D3039-08量测出的约8,000psi至约20,000psi,或甚至是约10,000psi至约17,000psi的一极限强度。所述复合材料可具有依照ASTM D1622量测出的约30磅/立方英尺至约50磅/立方英尺,甚至是约35磅/立方英尺至约40磅/立方英尺的一密度。所述复合材料的燃烧率可为约0.1至约1英寸/分钟。
所述热塑性材料选自于聚乙烯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、聚苯乙烯或聚丙烯。所述纤维的长度至少可约为1厘米、3厘米,或甚至5厘米。所述纤维的平均直径可为约1至约50微米,或甚至约5至约25微米。
通过一层压过程可施加热能。通过一模制过程可施加热能。所述复合材料可包括一蜂窝(honeycomb)、泡沫或预浸料层。所述纤维以一致的重复模式被定向在所述复合材料的一层或多层中。所述纤维随机分布在所述复合材料的一层或多层中。所述结构可在时间及压力下形成于一带式层压机上。
本文的教学是针对一种复合材料层叠结构,所述复合材料层叠结构包括:一芯材,具有一连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料(CFRT),所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料被定向在一相当特定的方向上;及未梳理且未针刺混合垫的顶部层及底部层,由聚丙烯/玻璃纤维增强材料/热固性粘合剂组成。
所述热塑性材料可选自于聚乙烯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯,或其任何组合物。所述热固性材料可选自于聚氨酯、环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸酯、硅胶、酚醛树脂、聚酯,或其任何组合物。所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料可包括多个纤维,所述多个纤维选自于玻璃纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维,或其任何组合。所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料可包括多个纤维,所述多个纤维的长度至少约1厘米、3厘米或甚至5厘米。所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料可包括多个纤维,所述多个纤维的长度至少约1厘米、3厘米或甚至5厘米。
本文的教学进一步是针对本文所描述的复合材料层叠结构的用途,其中所述复合材料层叠结构作为一商用车辆中的一壁体或地板结构、作为一建筑建造的材料,或作为一运输车辆面板。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合多个附图的本发明的多个实施例的描述,上述特征与其他特征及本发明的多个目的,以及获得这些特征及目的的方式将变得更加明显,且本发明本身也将更好被理解。
图1为根据本发明的一实施例的一复合层叠树脂及玻璃纤维结构的一分解立体图;
图2为图1的复合层叠树脂及玻璃纤维结构及一组装状态的一侧视图;及
图3为本发明的另一实施例的一侧视图。
假如有一个以上的视图,相应的参考字符表示相应的部分。虽然一个或多个附图代表本发明的一实施例,但所述一个或多个附图不一定按比例绘制,且某些特征可能被夸大,以更好地说明及解释本发明。本文所阐述的示例说明本发明的一实施例,并且这些示例不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本文所呈现出的解释及说明旨在使本领域的其他技术人员熟悉本发明、其原理及其实际应用。因此,如本公开所阐述的多个具体实施例并非旨在进行彻底详述及限制。本发明的范围应参考所附权利要求,以及这些权利要求所赋予的等效物的全部范围来确定。出于所有的目的,通过引用将所有文章及参考文献(包括专利申请及出版物)的公开内容并入。其他的组合也是可能的,这将从以下的权利要求中得到启发,这些组合也在此通过引用并入此书面描述中。
为了促进对本发明的多个原理的理解,现在将参考一个或多个附图所示出的多个实施例,所述多个实施例在下文描述。然而,应当理解的是,本发明的范围不会由此受到限制。本发明包括所示装置与所述方法的任何改变及进一步修改,以及本发明的多个原理的进一步应用,这对本发明所涉及的领域的技术人员来说时常会发生。
本文所描述的复合结构可包括一种或多种纤维组成物。所述一种或多种纤维组成物可为非织造的或织造的纤维。所述纤维可形成一稀松布(scrim)、一垫体(mat)、一贴片或它们的一些组合。所述纤维可为连续纤维或不连续短纤维。所述纤维可为聚合物纤维。所述纤维可为玻璃纤维。所述纤维可为碳纤维。所述纤维可为有机或无机纤维。
所述纤维可被嵌入至一种二级材料或树脂中。所述二级材料可为一热塑性材料。所述二级材料可为一热固性材料。所述二级材料可为一聚合物材料。所述二级材料可为一聚乙烯基材料。所述二级材料可为一聚酰胺基材料。所述二级材料可包括丙烯酸树脂、聚酯、聚苯乙烯或聚丙烯中的一种或多种。所述二级材料可包括聚氨酯、环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸酯、橡胶、硅树脂、酚醛树脂或它们的一些组合物。
每种纤维可包括多种不同的材料。每种纤维可包括基本上被一第二材料包围的一第一材料。每种纤维可包括单一材料。一种或多种不同材料的纤维可被结合,以形成复合材料的一纤维层。所述纤维可被选择作为增强纤维。所述纤维可被选择在一指定温度下熔化,以作为一粘合剂。所述纤维可被选择为在暴露于一刺激(例如,热、UV光等)下时具有粘接能力。纤维层可被描述为一芯材层。
所述纤维可用于形成一表面层(例如,顶部层及/或底部层)。所述纤维可被集成到一热塑性材料中。所述纤维可被集成到一粘接材料中。所述纤维可被集成到一胶带材料中。所述纤维可被包括在一增强的热塑性面板中。这类的增强纤维可以是连续的,并沿着面板的整体延伸。可选择地,所述纤维可以仅位于沿着一面板的某些位置上,以便在这些位置提供选定的增强物。
所述纤维可被使用作为单股长丝,或是可为多纤维股线(multi-fiber strand)。所述纤维可被选择为全部具有相似的长度,或者可被选择为具有不同的长度。用于形成复合材料的一层体的纤维可为短的不连续纤维,而用于形成复合材料的一第二层体的纤维可为长的连续纤维。
所述纤维的长度可为至少约1厘米、3厘米,或甚至5厘米,或更长。所述纤维的平均直径可为约1至约50微米(例如,约5至约25微米)。所述纤维上可具有一合适的涂层,如此可增加所述纤维的直径。所述纤维可能以至少约10%、20%、30%或甚至50%的重量存在于复合材料的一层或多层中。所述纤维可能以低于约90%、80%、30%或甚至更低含量的重量存在于复合材料的一层或多层中。举例而言,所述纤维可能以约20%至约70%的重量存在于每个层体中。按重量计算的纤维含量可根据ASTM D2584-11来确定。
纤维对上二级材料的比率(重量百分比)(在所述复合材料的单个层体中,或在所述复合材料的整体中)可从约1:40至约40:1。纤维对上二级材料的比率可从约1:20至约20:1。纤维对上二级材料的比率可从约1:10至约10:1。纤维对上二级材料的比率可从约1:2至约2:1。所述比率可被选择以使所述二级材料对所述纤维的覆盖率最大化。
所述复合结构的一层或多层可由一蜂窝材料、一预浸料材料、一泡沫材料或其组合物所形成。一个或多个层体可由嵌入在一基质材料(可能为二级材料)中的多个纤维所形成。所述基质材料可为一热塑性材料。所述基质材料可为一热固性材料。
一个或多个层体可保持与一邻近的层体直接平面接触,而不需使用任何粘合剂或额外的固定工具。可选择地,一个或多个层体可包括一粘接材料或在某些预定温度下具有粘接特性的一材料。举例而言,所述复合结构可位于一模具或层压装置中,在所述模具或层压装置中,其可能经历升高的温度,因而导致所述复合材料中的一种或多种材料升高到它们各自的玻璃转变温度(Tg)以上。这可能会导致所述复合材料的一层或多层之间发生粘合。所述一个或多个层体也可能包括一金属组成物,如此可利用一感应热的过程来升高所述复合材料的一个或多个组成物的温度。一个或多个层体也可能由一胶带材料形成。这类胶带材料可包括具有粘接能力的单个侧面或多个侧面。所述胶带可为一压敏材料,所述压敏材料在暴露于一预定压力下时即可进行粘接。
所述复合材料可仅包括两个层体。所述复合材料可仅包括三个层体。所述复合材料可仅包括四个层体。所述复合材料可仅包括五个层体。
现在参考图1及图2,其公开及显示出一种多层玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料或结构,设计用于轻质复合面板的应用,并在一分解图中通常表示为10。
通常表示为12的芯材是由一针刺过及/或热处理过的非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫(non-woven thermoplastic/fiberglass mix matte)组成。在制作这类热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫的一方法中,所述热塑性材料及增强纤维(reinforcing fiber)能以多纤维股线的形式来提供,并在一空气流中进行混合,以及沉积在一移动皮带上。在此阶段可为股线、部分打开的股线及纤维形式的所述纤维可经受一次或多次的梳理操作(cardingoperation)。在进行梳理后,未打开或部分打开的股线的数量很少,因此垫体(mat)看起来相对均匀。在进行针刺后,可达成一相当均匀的外观,且肉眼几乎观察不到股线。垫体产物是蓬松的(lofty)。在本领域已知所述纤维可为长的或短的。在一实施例中,所述芯材12的面积重量为100至2500克/平方米,厚度从0.5至6毫米。
所述芯材12夹在顶部层与底部层之间,通常分别以14、16来表示。在一优选的实施例中,通过使用连续0°至90°的玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料表面作为顶部层14及底部层16可达成良好的强度。特别地,可使用织造玻璃/热塑性塑料复合材料的单向带来作为顶部层与底部层。
在制造所述多层玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料或结构10的一方法中,将表面或顶部层14与顶部层16热熔至轻质玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料的非织造且针刺过芯材12上。这样产生一种既轻质又坚硬的“工字梁(I-Beam)”型复合材料。
在使用一轻质构造的同时,构造体10显示出优异的冲击强度及弯曲刚度。芯材密度、树脂与纤维增强物的比率、纤维的布置、纤维的尺寸/类型及芯材厚度皆可定制,以满足所需的机械性能。再者,表面密度、树脂与纤维增强物的比率、纤维的布置/排列、纤维的尺寸/类型及表面厚度皆可定制,以满足不同的机械性能。
现在参考图3,其显示出通常表示为110一新颖构造体的另一实施例,凭此,不同的材料层以精确的方式进行组合,接着通过一带式层压机被放置,或通过例如红外线的其他工具被加热,从而产生单一的复合材料结构,随后能以许多方式来使用所述单一的复合材料结构。这种合成构造体可进行热成型,以创造出比传统材料更轻、更坚固的特定形状,或者可在其他构造体中用作为一强度增加组件层。所述构造体在材料的使用上及层体的实际配置上皆为新颖的。所述配置的独特之处在于所用层体的数量/材料、组件层堆叠的顺序,及所述构造体在所述带式层压机中的时间/压力(假如有使用)。
所述构造体110中堆叠的多个主要层体可包括一未梳理及未针刺混合垫,所述未梳理及未针刺混合垫由以下材料组成:聚丙烯/玻璃纤维增强/热固性粘合剂(可称为材料-X);以一相当特定的纤维方向来定向的一连续纤维增强热塑性塑料(CFRT);由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维等制成的织造或针织纤维垫;及/或其他类型的纤维/PP垫,其具有以一随机方式定向的不同长度的纤维。
特别地,可用作为一汽车底部防护罩等的一构造体10的一示例包括一连续纤维增强热塑性塑料(CFRT)的一芯材层,其在图3中通常表示为112。CFRT芯材层112夹在一未梳理且未针刺混合垫的两个层体中,所述未梳理且未针刺混合垫由聚丙烯/玻璃纤维增强/热固性粘合剂(材料-X)组成,所述两个层体通常表示为一顶部层114及一底部层116。
所述构造体10的多个优点及新颖之处包括但不限于:材料-X的顶部层及底部层114及116,其分别提供最后加工的表面层,并增加所述复合材料的质量。并且,材料-X为一种由聚丙烯/玻璃纤维增强/热固性粘合剂组成的混合垫。聚丙烯增加了成型性及延展性,且玻璃增强物增加了刚度,以及热固性粘合剂提供了更高的热变形、额外的纤维浸透(wet-out)及刚度。所述连续纤维增强热塑性塑料(CFRT)增加了结构性、坚硬度及冲击强度。组合成多个层体的这些材料产生一超高强度的复合材料,其具有优异的耐用性及低重量。这种构造体与目前整个行业所使用的典型非织造玻璃/聚丙烯模制复合材料有很大不同。
在其他实施例中,由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维等制成的织造或针织纤维垫,及/或具有以随机方式定向的不同长度的纤维的其他类型的纤维/PP垫可取代芯材层112,或是将其中一个或两个作为附加层添加到层叠体(laminate)中。
为了生产材料-X,可将其形成为一湿润的分层垫,所述湿润的分层垫包括一含水浆液,所述含水浆液形成在一链条(chain)上,并且加入玻璃纤维及聚丙烯,接着进行干燥及卷收。所述构造体可在一带式层压机中使用例如在100至300℃范围内的温度进行热活化,或者可使用红外线或其他加热技术进行加热。施加至所述层叠体的压力可以非常低或没有压力,例如在仅通过红外线加热来活化热固性粘合剂时,或者可使用一带式层压机施加高达约20巴的压力。
本发明的整体方法与典型的建构方式有很大不同。连续玻璃与非织造布及热固性粘合剂的结合创造出一更耐用的解决方案,其中整体面板重量低于目前已知的面板。
本文所描述的复合材料还具有额外的物理特性,其可提供改良性能,同时也最大限度地降低制造上的挑战。如本文所描述的各种材料的样本受到各种测试,以确定某些物理特性。下面表1及表2的拉伸性能是根据ASTM D3039-08所测量的。表3所显示的密度是根据ASTM D1622所测量的。表4及表5所显示的线性热膨胀系数是根据ASTM D6341-10所测量的。
表1
Figure BDA0003193191050000101
表2
Figure BDA0003193191050000102
破坏(failure)代码:L-横向破坏线;S-纵向分裂破坏线;G-计量区域(gagearea);A-在夹持/突出部(Grip/Tab)处;M-中间;B-底部;T-顶部
表3
Figure BDA0003193191050000111
表4
Figure BDA0003193191050000112
平均热膨胀系数((英寸/英寸)/°F):4.94E-06
表5
Figure BDA0003193191050000113
平均热膨胀系数((英寸/英寸)/°F):4.43E-06
表6
Figure BDA0003193191050000114
Figure BDA0003193191050000121
如本文所使用的重量份(parts by weight)是指具体所指的组成物的100重量份。上述申请内容中记载的任何数值都包括以一个单位为增量的从较低值到较高值的所有数值,条件是在任何较低值与任何较高值之间存在至少两个单位的间隔。作为一个例子,假如陈述的是一组成物的含量或一过程变量的数值,例如温度、压力、时间等,例如从1至90,优选地从20至80,更优选地从30至70,则目的是在本说明书中明确列举多个数值,例如15至85、22至68、43至51、30至32等。对于小于1的数值,一个单位视情况为0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。这些仅仅是具体意图的多个示例,并且所列举的最低值与最高值之间的所有可能的数值组合皆被视为在本申请中以一类似方式进行明确陈述。除非另有说明,否则所有范围均包括两个端点及所述多个端点之间的所有数字。与一范围相关的“约”或“大约”的使用适用于所述范围的两端。因此,“约20至30”旨在涵盖“约20至约30”,其至少包括指定的端点。用于描述一组合的术语“本质上由…组成”应包括确定的多个元件、多个成分、多个组件或多个步骤,以及不会对所述组合的基本及新颖特征产生实质性影响的其他元件、成分、组件或步骤。使用术语“包含”或“包括”来描述本文中的多个元件、多个成分、多个组件或多个步骤的组合也涵盖本质上由所述多个元件、多个成分、多个组件或多个步骤组成的实施例。复数个元件、成分、组件或步骤可以由单个集成元件、成分、组件或步骤提供。可选择地,单个集成元件、成分、组件或步骤可被划分为单独的复数个元件、成分、组件或步骤。用于描述一元件、成分、组件或步骤的“一”或“一个”的公开并不旨在排除额外的元件、成分、组件或步骤。
虽然本发明已经具体参考这些实施例进行了教导,但本领域技术人员将认知到的是,在不脱离本发明的精神及范围的情况下,可以在形式及细节上进行改变。因此,所描述的多个实施例在所有方面都应被视为仅仅是说明性的,而非限制性的。因此,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是由说明书指示。

Claims (27)

1.一种复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料层叠结构包含:
一非织造热塑性塑料/玻璃纤维混合垫的芯材;
一顶部层,位于所述芯材的一侧上,所述上部包括织造玻璃/热塑性塑料的单向结构带;及
一底部层,位于所述芯材的相对于所述顶部层的一侧上,所述底部层包括织造玻璃/热塑性塑料的单向结构带,所述顶部层及所述底部层被热熔至所述芯材上。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述顶部及底部的外部层包括连续0°至90°的玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料的厚度为约0.05英寸至约1英寸。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料具有依照ASTMD6341量测出的约3.0E-06至约10.0E-06的一热膨胀系数。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料具有依照ASTMD3039-08量测出的约0.05%至约0.3%,或甚至是约0.1%至约0.2%的1,000psi的一应力。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料具有依照ASTMD3039-08量测出的约0.1%至约0.7%,或甚至是约0.3%至约0.5%的2,500psi的一应力。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料具有依照ASTMD3039-08量测出的约8,000psi至约20,000psi,或甚至是约10,000psi至约17,000psi的一极限强度。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料具有依照ASTMD1622量测出的约30磅/立方英尺至约50磅/立方英尺,甚至是约35磅/立方英尺至约40磅/立方英尺的一密度。
9.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料的燃烧率为约0.1至约1英寸/分钟。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述热塑性材料选自于聚乙烯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、聚苯乙烯或聚丙烯。
11.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述纤维的长度至少约为1厘米、3厘米,或甚至5厘米。
12.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述纤维的平均直径为约1至约50微米,或甚至约5至约25微米。
13.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:通过一层压过程来施加热能。
14.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:通过一模制过程来施加热能。
15.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料包括一蜂窝、泡沫或预浸料层。
16.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述纤维以一致的重复模式被定向在所述复合材料的一层或多层中。
17.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述纤维随机分布在所述复合材料的一层或多层中。
18.如权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述结构是在时间及压力下于一带式层压机上形成的。
19.一种复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述复合材料层叠结构包含:
一芯材,具有一连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料,所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料被定向在一相当特定的方向上;及
未梳理且未针刺混合垫的顶部层及底部层,由聚丙烯/玻璃纤维增强材料/热固性粘合剂组成。
20.如权利要求19所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述热塑性材料选自于聚乙烯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯,或其任何组合物。
21.如权利要求19所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述热固性材料选自于聚氨酯、环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸酯、硅胶、酚醛树脂、聚酯,或其任何组合物。
22.如权利要求19所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料包括多个纤维,所述多个纤维选自于玻璃纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维,或其任何组合。
23.如权利要求19所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料包括多个纤维,所述多个纤维的长度至少约1厘米、3厘米或甚至5厘米。
24.如权利要求19所述的复合材料层叠结构,其特征在于:所述连续的纤维增强热塑性塑料包括多个纤维,所述多个纤维的长度至少约1厘米、3厘米或甚至5厘米。
25.一种权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构的用途,其特征在于:所述复合材料层叠结构作为一商用车辆中的一壁体或地板结构。
26.一种权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构的用途,其特征在于:所述复合材料层叠结构作为一建筑建造的材料。
27.一种权利要求1所述的复合材料层叠结构的用途,其特征在于:所述复合材料层叠结构作为一运输车辆面板。
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MX2021006656A (es) 2021-09-23
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