CN113372170A - Nutrient medium (carbon-based biological compound culture agent and carbon-based biological compound culture enhancer) for enhancing bioremediation of TPH (thermoplastic vulcanizate) polluted soil - Google Patents
Nutrient medium (carbon-based biological compound culture agent and carbon-based biological compound culture enhancer) for enhancing bioremediation of TPH (thermoplastic vulcanizate) polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113372170A CN113372170A CN202110234676.7A CN202110234676A CN113372170A CN 113372170 A CN113372170 A CN 113372170A CN 202110234676 A CN202110234676 A CN 202110234676A CN 113372170 A CN113372170 A CN 113372170A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surfactant and a nutrient medium composition. The surfactant is suitable for soil remediation, the surfactant comprising: greater than zero and less than or equal to 10 parts by weight of fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates; more than zero and 20 parts by weight or less of polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester; more than zero and 20 parts by weight or less of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether; and more than zero and 10 parts by weight or less of an alkylglycoside. The surfactant and nutrient matrix composition of the present invention has excellent total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and more particularly to a surfactant and a nutrient medium composition, wherein an oleophilic strain (or oleophilic bacteria liquid) may be additionally added to the nutrient medium composition as needed.
Background
In order to solve the problem of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) pollution caused by human activities in the industrial development process, it is necessary to develop an effective and environmentally friendly remediation method with economic benefits.
It is also known that some of the microorganisms present in soil and/or groundwater have the ability to decompose or degrade the above-mentioned petroleum-based polluting components such as gasoline and diesel oil. Therefore, some experts and scholars in recent years have suggested that the problem of petroleum chemical contamination in soil and/or groundwater due to crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, and the like can be solved by utilizing the property that these microorganisms can decompose petroleum pollutants into harmless compounds.
However, the efficiency of existing methods using microorganisms to solve the problem of petroleum-contaminated soil still needs to be enhanced. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a composition comprising a surfactant and a nutrient medium, and an oleophilic bacteria liquid as necessary, so as to solve the problems of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a surfactant and a nutrient medium composition to solve the problem that the efficiency of the existing microbial method for solving the problem of petroleum-contaminated soil needs to be enhanced.
An object of the present invention is to provide a surfactant and a nutrient base composition which can accelerate the decomposition efficiency of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by microorganisms in soil by using a specific composition. In addition, in the case of a Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated site, for example, when the concentration of contamination is high and the construction period is short, when the present microorganism is not enough to achieve the goal of remediation, the oleophilic strain (or oleophilic bacteria liquid) may be additionally added, thereby improving the remediation efficiency (reducing the construction period).
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a surfactant suitable for soil remediation, the surfactant comprising: a Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (FMEE) in an amount of 10 parts by weight or more and zero parts by weight; more than zero and less than or equal to 20 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester (commonly known as tween); more than zero and 20 parts by weight or less of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether; and Alkyl glycoside (APG) in an amount of not less than zero and not more than 10 parts by weight.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate has the following general formula: RCO- (OCH)2CH2)n-OCH3Wherein R is an alkyl group and n is a positive integer greater than 0.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester comprises at least one of tween-80 and tween-20.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether has the following general formula: RO- (CH)2CH2O)m-H, wherein R is alkyl and m is a positive integer greater than 0.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nutritional matrix composition comprising: a surfactant as described in any of the above embodiments; molasses fermentation liquor; lecithin; nitrogen nutrient salt; trace elements; and water, wherein the surfactant is between 1 and 5 wt%, the nitrogen nutrient salt is between 10 wt% and 20 wt%, the molasses fermentation broth is between 1 and 10 wt%, the lecithin is between 1 and 10 wt%, the trace element is between 1 wt% and 5 wt%, and the balance is water, based on the total weight of the nutritional matrix composition being 100 wt%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the trace element is a biotin group B.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the nutritional base composition further comprises an oleophilic strain, wherein the oleophilic strain is between 0.1 and 1 wt% based on the total weight of the nutritional base composition being 100 wt%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen nutritive salt comprises NH4Cl、NH4NO3And (NH)4)2HPO3At least one of (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the surfactant with specific type and specific proportion to further achieve excellent TPH removal efficiency. In addition, the invention also provides a nutrient medium composition which has the surfactant, nutrient components and water in a specific ratio and can be used for soil remediation. In other words, microorganisms can have excellent TPH removal efficiency by the combination of a specific kind of surfactant with a specific kind of nutrient components (molasses fermentation broth; lecithin; nitrogen nutrient salts and trace elements).
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of analysis of examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings for illustrating the specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Furthermore, directional phrases used herein, such as, for example, upper, lower, top, bottom, front, rear, left, right, inner, outer, lateral, peripheral, central, horizontal, lateral, vertical, longitudinal, axial, radial, uppermost or lowermost, etc., refer only to the orientation of the attached drawings. Accordingly, the directional terms used are used for explanation and understanding of the present invention, and are not used for limiting the present invention.
The surfactant according to an embodiment of the present invention is suitable for soil remediation, and includes: greater than zero and less than or equal to 10 parts by weight fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 parts by weight); greater than zero and equal to or less than 20 parts by weight of a polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18 parts by weight); greater than zero and equal to or less than 20 parts by weight of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18 parts by weight); and greater than zero and 10 parts by weight or less of an alkyl glycoside (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 parts by weight). In one embodiment, the surfactant of embodiments of the present invention may consist essentially of the four compounds described above. In another embodiment, the surfactant of the present invention is composed of the above four compounds.
In one embodiment, the Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (Fatty acid methyl ester; FMEE) has the following formula RCO- (OCH)2CH2)n-OCH3Wherein R is an alkyl group and n is a positive integer greater than 0. In one example, R may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, or an alkyl group having a C number greater than 4. In another example, n may be 1, 2, 3, or a positive integer greater than 3.
In one embodiment, the polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester (commonly known as tween) comprises at least one of tween-80 (also known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) and tween-20 (also known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate).
In one embodiment, the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether has the following general formula: RO- (CH)2CH2O)m-H, wherein R is alkyl and m is a positive integer greater than 0. In one example, R may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, or an alkyl group having a C number greater than 4. In another example, m may be 1, 2, 3, or a positive integer greater than 3.
In one embodiment, the surfactant is a biodegradable surfactant that helps reduce environmental pollution.
It is noted that the surfactant according to the embodiment of the present invention can accelerate the efficiency of the decomposition of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by microorganisms in soil when applied to soil remediation. It is further noted that the above effects are achieved mainly by using the specific ratio and specific kind of the composition in the surfactant according to the embodiment of the present invention. The relevant experimental analysis will be described in the following paragraphs.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a nutritional matrix composition (in some cases, the nutritional matrix composition of the invention may also be referred to as a carbon-based bioremediation agent) comprising: a surfactant according to any one of the embodiments of the invention described above; molasses fermentation liquor; lecithin; nitrogen nutrient salt; trace elements; and water, wherein the surfactant is between 1 to 5 wt% (e.g., 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, or 4.5 wt%), the nitrogen nutritive salt is between 10 wt% to 20 wt% (e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 wt%), the molasses fermentation broth is between 1 to 10 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 wt%), the lecithin is between 1 to 10 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 wt%), the trace element is between 1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, or 4.5 wt%), and the remainder is water, based on the total weight of the nutritional matrix composition taken as 100 wt%. In one embodiment, the nutritional matrix composition of embodiments of the present invention may consist essentially of the surfactants described above, molasses broth, lecithin, nitrogen nutrient salts, trace elements, and water. In another embodiment, the surfactant of the present invention comprises the above surfactant, molasses fermentation broth, lecithin, nitrogen nutrient salt, trace elements, and water.
In one embodiment, the molasses fermentation broth is used primarily as a carbon source, primarily as a nutrient source for the microorganism. The molasses fermentation broth may be formed, for example, in the following manner: molasses is used as main raw material, and fermentation strain is added into culture medium composed of nutrient elements of molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, trace elements and vitamins, and the fermentation is carried out under the aseptic condition in the fermentation tank. And then, dehydrating the culture medium after extraction and fermentation at low temperature, and evaporating and concentrating to form molasses fermentation liquor.
In another embodiment, the nitrogen nutrient salt can serve as a nitrogen source, primarily as a nutrient source for the microorganism. In some examples, the nitrogen nutrient salt comprises, for example, NH4Cl、NH4NO3And (NH)4)2HPO3At least one of (1).
It is noted that when the nutrient medium composition of the embodiment of the present invention is applied to soil remediation, the surfactant can accelerate the efficiency of the microbial decomposition of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil. On the other hand, molasses fermentation liquor, lecithin, nitrogen nutrient salt and trace elements can be used as nutrient sources of microorganisms, and the efficiency of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) decomposition of the microorganisms in the soil can be further accelerated.
In one embodiment, the trace element is a group B element that can be used to provide nutrients to the microorganism.
In another embodiment, the nutritional matrix composition further comprises an oleophilic strain (also referred to as oleophilic bacteria liquid), wherein the oleophilic strain is between 0.1 and 1 wt% based on the total weight of the nutritional matrix composition being 100 wt%. Specifically, in a Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated site, in the case where the concentration of contamination is high and the construction period is short, and when only local microorganisms are not sufficiently utilized to achieve the remediation goal, an oleophilic strain (for example, between 0.1 to 1 wt%) may be additionally added to accelerate the remediation speed. It is worth mentioning that in some cases, the nutritional matrix composition of the present invention may also be referred to as a carbon-based bioremediation enhancer after the addition of the oleophilic strain.
The following examples and comparative examples are provided to demonstrate that the surfactant and nutrient base composition of the examples of the present invention can actually accelerate the efficiency of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) decomposition by microorganisms in soil.
Example 1 (carbon-based bioremediation agent):
firstly, providing a surfactant containing fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate with a weight ratio of more than zero and less than or equal to 10 parts (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts, for example, 5 parts by weight is adopted in the embodiment, but other parts by weight can be adopted, and an effect similar to 5 parts by weight can be achieved); greater than zero and less than or equal to 20 parts by weight of a polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts by weight in this embodiment, but other parts by weight may be used and effects similar to 10 parts by weight may be achieved); greater than zero and less than or equal to 20 parts by weight of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts by weight in this embodiment, but other parts by weight may be used and effects similar to 10 parts by weight may be achieved); and greater than zero and not greater than 10 parts by weight (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 parts by weight, for example, 5 parts by weight in this embodiment, but other parts by weight can be used and effects similar to 5 parts by weight can be achieved). Thereafter, a surfactant is mixed between 1 and 5 wt% (e.g., 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, or 4.5 wt%, this embodiment uses, for example, 2.5 wt%, but other wt% may also be used, and may achieve an effect similar to 2.5 wt%), a nitrogen nutrient salt is used between 10 wt% and 20 wt% (e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 wt%, this embodiment uses, for example, 15 wt%, but other wt% may also be used, and may achieve an effect similar to 15 wt%), a molasses broth is mixed between 1 and 10 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 wt%, this example uses, for example, 5 wt%, but other wt% can be used and can achieve an effect similar to 5 wt%), the lecithin is between 1 and 10 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 wt%, this example uses, for example, 5 wt%, but other wt% can be used and can achieve an effect similar to 5 wt%), the trace element is between 1 and 5 wt% (e.g., 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, or 4.5 wt%, this example uses, for example, 2.5 wt%, but other wt% can be used and can achieve an effect similar to 2.5 wt%), and the remainder is water.
The above-described nutrient matrix composition was mixed into a raw soil contaminated with an oil product (the TPH concentration of the raw soil was about 5139mg/kg), and then the removal rate of the TPH concentration of the raw soil was measured at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, respectively. The analysis method for the removal rate of TPH concentration can refer to the analysis method (detection method of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil-gas chromatography/flame ionization detector method; NIEA S703.62B) published by Taiwan environmental inspection of China. Please refer to fig. 1 for the analysis results of example 1.
Example 2 (carbon-based bioremediation enhancer):
the nutritional matrix composition of example 2 is made in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that the nutritional matrix composition further comprises an oleophilic strain, wherein the oleophilic strain is between 0.1 and 1 wt% (e.g., 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9 wt%, based on the total weight of the nutritional matrix composition taken as 100 wt%, e.g., 0.5 wt% in this example, but other wt% may be used, and a similar 0.5 wt% effect may be achieved).
The above-described nutrient matrix composition was mixed into a raw soil contaminated with an oil product (the TPH concentration of the raw soil was about 5139mg/kg), and then the removal rate of the TPH concentration of the raw soil was measured at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, respectively. The analysis method for the removal rate of TPH concentration can refer to the analysis method (detection method of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil-gas chromatography/flame ionization detector method; NIEA S703.62B) published by Taiwan environmental inspection of China. Please refer to fig. 1 for the analysis results of example 2.
Comparative example 1:
providing a nutritional agent. The nutritional agent comprises, based on 100 parts by weight, about 95 parts by weight water and about 5 parts by weight of a commercially available nutritional matrix. The total weight of the nutritional matrix being 100 wt%, the nutritional matrix then comprises 47.7 wt% NH4Cl, 34.6 wt% Na2HPO414.3 wt% of KH2PO4600g and 3.4 wt% NaCl.
The above-mentioned nutrient was mixed into a raw soil contaminated with an oil product (the TPH concentration of the raw soil was about 5139mg/kg), and then the removal rate of the TPH concentration of the raw soil was measured at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, respectively. The analysis method of the removal rate of TPH concentration can refer to the analysis method (detection method of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil: gas chromatography/flame ionization detector method; NIEA S703.62B) published by Taiwan environmental inspection of China. FIG. 1 shows the results of the analysis of comparative example 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the present invention can have TPH removal efficiency superior to that of a general commercial nutrient medium only by adding a specific kind of compounds and a specific ratio. In particular, the treatment effect in the former period (e.g., 7 days and 14 days) is significantly improved (e.g., improved by 3.5% and 3.81%, respectively). In addition, the treatment effect for 28 days was substantially the same in example 1 and comparative example 1, and it is presumed that the nutrient substrate as the carbon source/nitrogen source had been consumed by the microorganism, and thus similar removal efficiency (for example, about 50 to 53%) was achieved around 28 days. Therefore, if the proper amount of the nutrient medium composition and the nutrient medium are supplemented to example 1 and comparative example 1 respectively for about 14 days, example 1 can still have better TPH removal efficiency than comparative example 1.
Further, comparing example 2 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the addition of a specific kind and a specific ratio of compounds, and further the addition of a specific ratio of oleophilic strains, can have TPH removal efficiency superior to that of the addition of only a general commercially available nutrient substrate. In particular, the treatment effect in the former period (e.g., 7 days and 14 days) is significantly improved (e.g., 16.36% and 9.02% respectively). In addition, the treatment effect for 28 days was substantially the same in example 2 and comparative example 1, and it is presumed that the nutrient substrate as the carbon source/nitrogen source had been consumed by the microorganism, and thus similar removal efficiency (for example, about 50 to 53%) was achieved around 28 days. Therefore, if the proper amount of the nutrient medium composition and the nutrient medium are supplemented to example 2 and comparative example 1 respectively for about 14 days, example 2 can still have better TPH removal efficiency than comparative example 1.
It is worth mentioning that the removal efficiency of embodiment 2 is also superior to the removal effect of embodiment 1. Therefore, if the oleophilic strain is added in a specific ratio, the removal efficiency of the TPH in the previous period (for example, the treatment effect of 7 days or 14 days) is improved.
Therefore, the invention utilizes the surfactant with specific types and specific proportions to achieve excellent TPH removal efficiency. In addition, the invention also provides a nutrient medium composition which has the surfactant, nutrient components and water in a specific ratio and can be used for soil remediation. In other words, microorganisms can have excellent TPH removal efficiency by the combination of a specific kind of surfactant with a specific kind of nutrient components (molasses fermentation broth; lecithin; nitrogen nutrient salts and trace elements).
The present invention has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only exemplary of the implementation of the present invention. It must be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Rather, modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims are included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A surfactant suitable for soil remediation, comprising: the surfactant comprises: greater than zero and less than or equal to 10 parts by weight of fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates;
more than zero and 20 parts by weight or less of polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester;
more than zero and 20 parts by weight or less of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether; and
and (b) 10 parts by weight or more of an alkylglycoside.
2. The surfactant of claim 1, wherein: the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate has the following general formula: RCO- (OCH)2CH2)n-OCH3Wherein R is an alkyl group and n is a positive integer greater than 0.
3. The surfactant of claim 1, wherein: the polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester comprises at least one of tween-80 and tween-20.
4. The surfactant of claim 1, wherein: the polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers have the following general formula: RO- (CH)2CH2O)m-H, wherein R is alkyl and m is a positive integer greater than 0.
5. A nutritional matrix composition characterized by: the nutritional matrix composition comprises:
a surfactant according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
molasses fermentation liquor;
lecithin;
nitrogen nutrient salt;
trace elements; and
the amount of water is controlled by the amount of water,
wherein the surfactant is between 1 and 5 wt%, the nitrogen nutrient salt is between 10 wt% and 20 wt%, the molasses fermentation broth is between 1 and 10 wt%, the lecithin is between 1 and 10 wt%, the trace element is between 1 wt% and 5 wt%, and the balance is water, based on the total weight of the nutritional matrix composition being 100 wt%.
6. The nutritional matrix composition of claim 5, wherein: the trace element is a group B of vitamins.
7. The nutritional matrix composition of claim 5, wherein: the nutritional matrix composition further comprises an oleaginous strain, wherein the oleaginous strain is between 0.1 to 1 wt% based on the total weight of the nutritional matrix composition being 100 wt%.
8. The nutritional matrix composition of claim 5, wherein: the nitrogen nutrient salt comprisesNH4Cl、NH4NO3And (NH)4)2HPO3At least one of (1).
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