CN112620342A - Method for synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using biosurfactant - Google Patents
Method for synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using biosurfactant Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using a biosurfactant, and belongs to the technical field of soil remediation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a polluted soil remediation area; (2) adding a soil loosening agent into the polluted soil, and uniformly mixing; (3) adding a biosurfactant into the polluted soil, and uniformly mixing; (4) adding carbon source and nitrogen and phosphorus source substances required by microorganisms, and uniformly mixing; (5) adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid, and uniformly mixing; (6) and conveying the treated soil to a remediation area, and maintaining until the polluted soil reaches the standard. The invention has the advantages that the biosurfactant is added to promote the solubilization of the high-ring PAHs, the selected strains can synthesize the biosurfactant during the growth process, the dispersibility of the high-ring PAHs in soil particles is further promoted, the added exogenous carbon source can be used as a growth substrate and also can be used as a co-metabolism substrate for the growth of degrading bacteria, and the degradation efficiency of the high-ring PAHs is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a method for synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using a biosurfactant.
Background
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have low water solubility, high toxicity, bioaccumulation, semi-volatility and difficult degradability, have carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, are persistent organic pollutants which are 'preferentially controlled' by the United states environmental protection agency due to stable structure and low water solubility and are difficult to biodegrade, and are also listed in the blacklist of preferentially monitored pollutants in the environment. Research shows that the genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are increased along with the increase of the number of benzene rings in a certain range, and low-ring PAHs (PAHs with less than or equal to 3 rings) are easy to degrade; and the high-ring PAHs (PAHs with ring being more than or equal to 4) has lower water solubility, firmer adsorption in organic matters and lower bioavailability, and has half-life period in soil for decades or even longer.
At present, three types of methods, namely a physical method, a chemical method and a biological repair method, are mainly used for repairing PAHs in soil, wherein the biological repair method is widely regarded as one of main ways for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil due to the advantages of environmental friendliness and low cost. In bioremediation techniques, intensive measures are usually taken to promote biodegradation, mainly including inoculation of microorganisms, addition of nutrient salts for microorganisms, provision of electron acceptors, provision of co-metabolic substrates, and increase of bioavailability. Inoculating a microorganism: aiming at increasing the number of degrading microorganisms and improving the degrading capability, the method can inoculate high-efficiency degrading microorganisms which are manually screened and separated aiming at different pollutants, and inoculate single, multiple or one degrading flora; adding microbial nutrient salt: the growth, reproduction and degradation activities of microorganisms need sufficient and balanced nutrition, and nutrients which are lacked in the environment need to be added in order to improve the degradation efficiency; providing an electron acceptor: in order to ensure that the oxidative degradation path of PAHs is smooth, sufficient electron acceptors are provided, oxygen is generally provided for aerobic environment, nitrate or sulfate is provided for the degradation of anaerobic environment, and the like; providing a co-metabolic substrate: co-metabolism contributes to the biodegradation of high molecular weight PAHs; improving bioavailability: the solubility of PAHs is improved by using a surfactant and various dispersing agents, and the bioavailability of the PAHs is improved.
PAHs mostly exist in a mixture form in an actual environment system, and a complex multi-substrate mixing state can influence the physiological ecology of microorganisms and the utilization kinetics of the microorganisms to single substrates in a mixed component, thereby influencing the degradation efficiency. Generally, in a PAHs mixed system, microorganisms degrade low-ring PAHs firstly and then degrade high-ring PAHs, and the degradation rate of the PAHs in the mixed system changes from fast to slow, so that the high-ring PAHs are strongly adsorbed on the surface of a soil medium or isolated in a porous medium through various physical, chemical and biological processes, and the bioavailability is low; secondly, when most exogenous degrading bacteria are applied to actual polluted soil, the competitive capacity of the degrading bacteria and indigenous microorganisms of the soil is insufficient, the survival rate is low, and the degradation effect is obviously reduced; and thirdly, because of the depletion of microbial co-metabolism substrates, the inhibition of intermediate products, the deficiency of nutrient elements in soil and the like, the metabolic activity of the microbes is inhibited, and the degradation rate of the high-ring PAHs is influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a contaminated soil remediation zone according to the present invention.
In the figure: a repair area 1, an HDPE film 2, a diversion canal 3 and a ventilation sieve tube 4
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low degradation efficiency of high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons treated by the existing bioremediation technology, and provides a method for synergistic remediation of high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using a biosurfactant.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using a biosurfactant comprises the following steps:
(1) construction of a repair area: dividing a polluted soil restoration area, laying an impermeable membrane at the bottom of the polluted soil, and laying a ventilation sieve tube;
(2) soil loosening: screening and crushing the soil in the remediation area, adding a soil loosening agent, and uniformly mixing;
(3) surfactant addition: adding a biosurfactant into the loosened soil in the step (2), and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
(4) adding microorganisms: adding a carbon source and a nitrogen and phosphorus source substance required by microbial degradation into the soil obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, adding a high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid, and uniformly mixing;
(5) maintenance and repair: and (4) conveying the soil treated in the step (4) to a restoration area, laying the soil, and maintaining until the polluted soil reaches the standard.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the impermeable membrane laid at the bottom of the contaminated soil is an HDPE impermeable membrane, a percolate guide channel is arranged at the bottom of the impermeable membrane along the length direction, the ventilation sieve pipe is laid along the vertical direction of the ground, and the outer diameter of the ventilation sieve pipe is 20mm and the distance between the ventilation sieve pipes is 0.5 to 1 m.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the soil loosening agent is soybean meal or sawdust, and the amount of the soil loosening agent added is 2% of the mass of the soil.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), the biosurfactant is one or a compound of several of saponin, sucrose ester and rhamnolipid, the concentration is 4% (v/v), and the addition amount is 15L/t.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), the carbon source substance is at least one of starch and molasses, the amount of the carbon source substance added is 1% of the mass of the soil, the nitrogen and phosphorus source substance is a compound organic fertilizer, and the amount of the nitrogen and phosphorus source substance added is 2% of the mass of the soil.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the main formula of the high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid is pseudomonas, mycobacterium, fusarium and phanerochaete chrysosporium, the mass ratio is 2:1:1:2, and the microbial concentration is 1 x 108-5×1010CFU/mL, the addition amount is 1.5L/t.
In the step (5), the water is supplemented and the aeration is maintained at the proper time in the maintenance period, and the water content of the soil is maintained to be not less than 25% and the oxygen content is maintained to be not less than 20%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curing time is 45 to 60 days.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the biosurfactant has a unique chemical structure which is not possessed by a general chemically synthesized surfactant, so that the desorption tendency of the high-ring PAHs and the solubility of the high-ring PAHs in water are obviously increased, and the bioavailability of the high-ring PAHs is promoted;
(2) the pseudomonas selected by the invention can release the surfactant synthesized by the pseudomonas outside cells in the growth process, further promote the dispersibility of the high-ring PAHs in soil particles, improve the biodegradability of the high-ring PAHs, and meanwhile, the biosurfactant is a degradable substance generated by microbial metabolism, so that the secondary pollution risk of the environment can be greatly reduced;
(3) the added exogenous carbon-source substances such as starch, molasses and the like can be used as a growth substrate and a co-metabolism substrate for the growth of degradation bacteria, so that the generation of nonspecific enzymes by microorganisms is promoted, and the degradation efficiency of high-ring PAHs is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
The contaminated soil in the example is laboratory self-prepared contaminated soil, the main pollutant is pyrene, and the initial average concentration is 100 mg/kg.
A polluted soil restoration area 1 with the length multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1m (the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height) is constructed, an HDPE impermeable membrane 2 is paved at the bottom of the restoration area, a percolate guide channel 3 is arranged along the length direction, a ventilation sieve tube 4 is arranged along the vertical direction, and the interval of the sieve tube is 0.5 m.
100kg of the polluted soil after being screened and crushed is respectively treated by two parts, which are respectively numbered as the first part and the second part.
Processing: adding 2% (w/w) of soybean meal, stirring thoroughly, mixing well, adding 4% of saponin and rhamnolipid compound biosurfactant solution, starch (added in an amount of 1% (w/w)) and compound organic fertilizer (added in an amount of 2% (w/w)), and adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid (microbial concentration of 1 × 10)8CFU/mL), mixing well, and spraying a proper amount of clear water to make the water content of the mixture about 30%.
Processing step two: adding 2% (w/w) of soybean meal, stirring, mixing, adding starch (1% (w/w) of addition) and compound organic fertilizer (2% (w/w) of addition), and adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid (microbial concentration of 1 × 10)8CFU/mL), mixing well, and spraying a proper amount of clear water to make the water content of the mixture about 30%.
Respectively placing the treated soil I and the treated soil II into a polluted soil remediation area 1, wherein the interval of piles is 1m, maintaining for 60 days, spraying clear water and ventilating the soil in due time during the period, and keeping the water content of the soil to be not less than 25% and the oxygen content to be not less than 20%.
After 60 days of maintenance, 1kg of each of the two parts of contaminated soil (i) and (ii) is used for detecting the concentrations of benzo [ alpha ] anthracene and benzo [ alpha ] pyrene, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1 (unit: mg/kg):
example 2
The contaminated soil in this example was obtained from a chemical field in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and the main contaminants were benzo [ α ] anthracene and benzo [ α ] pyrene, with initial average concentrations of 30.7mg/kg and 17.3mg/kg, respectively.
The method comprises the steps of constructing a polluted soil restoration area 1 with the length of 8m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1m (the length is multiplied by the width is multiplied by the height), paving an HDPE impermeable membrane 2 at the bottom of the restoration area, arranging a percolate guide channel 3 along the length direction, and placing an aeration sieve tube 4 along the vertical direction, wherein the interval of the sieve tube is 1 m.
After the polluted soil is dug out, sieved and crushed, 2t of the polluted soil is respectively taken out and treated, and the polluted soil is respectively numbered as a first part and a second part.
Processing: adding 2% (w/w) of saw dust, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding 4% of sucrose ester and rhamnolipid compound biosurfactant solution, molasses (added according to 1% (w/w)) and compound organic fertilizer (added according to 2% (w/w)), and then adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid (the microbial concentration is 5 multiplied by 10)10CFU/mL), mixing well, and spraying a proper amount of clear water to make the water content of the mixture about 30%.
Processing step two: adding 2% (w/w) of saw dust, stirring, mixing, adding molasses (1% (w/w) of additive amount) and compound organic fertilizer (2% (w/w) of additive amount), and adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid (microbial concentration of 5 × 10)10CFU/mL), mixing well, and spraying a proper amount of clear water to make the water content of the mixture about 30%.
Respectively placing the treated soil I and the treated soil II into a polluted soil remediation area 1, wherein the interval of piles is 1m, maintaining for 45 days, spraying clear water and ventilating to the soil in due time, and keeping the water content of the soil to be not less than 25% and the oxygen content to be not less than 20%.
After curing for 45 days, 1kg of each of the two parts of contaminated soil (i) and (ii) is used for detecting the concentrations of benzo [ alpha ] anthracene and benzo [ alpha ] pyrene, and the detection results are shown in the following table 2 (unit: mg/kg):
as can be seen from the results in tables 1 and 2, under the same curing time, the treatment with the biosurfactant addition (i) has a significantly better degradation effect on benzo [ alpha ] anthracene and benzo [ alpha ] pyrene than the treatment without the biosurfactant addition (ii), which indicates that the addition of the biosurfactant can promote the degradation efficiency of the high-efficiency degradation microbial strains on the high-ring PAHs.
Example 3
The contaminated soil in the embodiment is taken from a certain chemical field in Guangxi, main pollutants are benzo [ alpha ] anthracene and benzo [ alpha ] pyrene, and the initial average concentration is 40.6mg/kg and 18.1mg/kg respectively.
A polluted soil restoration area 1 with the length multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1m (the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height) is constructed, an HDPE impermeable membrane 2 is paved at the bottom of the restoration area, a percolate guide channel 3 is arranged along the length direction, an aeration sieve tube 4 is arranged along the vertical direction, and the interval of the sieve tube is 0.8 m.
After the polluted soil is dug out, sieved and crushed, 1t of two parts are respectively taken for treatment, and the parts are respectively numbered as the first part and the second part.
Processing: adding 2% (w/w) of saw dust, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, adding 4% of sucrose ester and rhamnolipid compound biosurfactant solution, molasses (added according to 1% (w/w)) and compound organic fertilizer (added according to 2% (w/w)), and then adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid (the microbial concentration is 3 multiplied by 10)10CFU/mL), mixing well, and spraying a proper amount of clear water to make the water content of the mixture about 30%.
Processing step two: adding 2% (w/w) of saw dust, stirring thoroughly, mixing, adding molasses (1% (w/w) of additive amount) and compound organic fertilizer (2% (w/w) of additive amount), and adding high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid (microbial concentrate)Degree of 5X 1010CFU/mL), mixing well, and spraying a proper amount of clear water to make the water content of the mixture about 30%.
Respectively placing the treated soil I and the treated soil II into a polluted soil remediation area 1, wherein the interval of piles is 1m, maintaining for 50 days, spraying clear water and ventilating the soil in due time, and keeping the water content of the soil to be not less than 25% and the oxygen content to be not less than 20%.
After 50 days of maintenance, 1kg of each of the two parts of contaminated soil (i) and (ii) is used for detecting the concentrations of benzo [ alpha ] anthracene and benzo [ alpha ] pyrene, and the detection results are shown in the following table 2 (unit: mg/kg):
as can be seen from the results in tables 1 and 2, under the same curing time, the treatment with the biosurfactant addition (i) has a significantly better degradation effect on benzo [ alpha ] anthracene and benzo [ alpha ] pyrene than the treatment without the biosurfactant addition (ii), which indicates that the addition of the biosurfactant can promote the degradation efficiency of the high-efficiency degradation microbial strains on the high-ring PAHs.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using a biosurfactant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) construction of a repair area: dividing a polluted soil restoration area, laying an impermeable membrane at the bottom of the polluted soil, and laying a ventilation sieve tube;
(2) soil loosening: screening and crushing the soil in the remediation area, adding a soil loosening agent, and uniformly mixing;
(3) surfactant addition: adding a biosurfactant into the loosened soil in the step (2), and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
(4) adding microorganisms: adding a carbon source and a nitrogen and phosphorus source substance required by microbial degradation into the soil obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, adding a high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid, and uniformly mixing;
(5) maintenance and repair: and (4) conveying the soil treated in the step (4) to a restoration area, laying the soil, and maintaining until the polluted soil reaches the standard.
2. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using the biosurfactant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the impermeable membrane laid at the bottom of the polluted soil is an HDPE impermeable membrane, the bottom of the impermeable membrane is provided with a percolate guide channel along the length direction, the ventilation sieve pipes are arranged along the vertical direction of the ground, the outer diameter of each ventilation sieve pipe is 20mm, and the distance between the ventilation sieve pipes is 0.5-1 m.
3. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using the biosurfactant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the soil loosening agent is soybean meal or sawdust, and the addition amount of the soil loosening agent is 2% of the soil mass.
4. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using the biosurfactant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the biosurfactant is one or more of saponin, sucrose ester and rhamnolipid, the concentration is 4% (v/v), and the addition amount is 15L/t.
5. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using the biosurfactant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the carbon source substance is at least one of starch and molasses, the addition amount of the carbon source substance is 1% of the mass of the soil, the nitrogen and phosphorus source substance is a compound organic fertilizer, and the addition amount of the nitrogen and phosphorus source substance is 2% of the mass of the soil.
6. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using biosurfactant according to claim 5, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: the main formula of the high-efficiency degradation microbial liquid comprises pseudomonas, mycobacterium, fusarium and phanerochaete chrysosporium, the mass ratio is 2:1:1:2, and the microbial concentration is 1 multiplied by 108-5×1010CFU/mL, the addition amount is 1.5L/t.
7. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using the biosurfactant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the water is supplemented and the ventilation is kept in due time in the maintenance period, and the water content of the soil is maintained to be not less than 25% and the oxygen content is maintained to be not less than 20%.
8. The method for the synergistic remediation of soil polluted by high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using biosurfactant according to claim 7, wherein the biosurfactant comprises the following steps: the curing time is 45-60 days.
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