CN113369642B - Iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure and manufacturing method Download PDF

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CN113369642B
CN113369642B CN202110506651.8A CN202110506651A CN113369642B CN 113369642 B CN113369642 B CN 113369642B CN 202110506651 A CN202110506651 A CN 202110506651A CN 113369642 B CN113369642 B CN 113369642B
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iron
tungsten carbide
wire
stainless steel
additive
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CN113369642A (en
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冯曰海
严龙
黄�俊
王克鸿
周琦
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32—Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

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Abstract

The invention discloses an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The additive manufacturing method adopts the same plasma arc, and a robot PLC alternately controls different wire feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide flux core and the stainless steel solid core wire, the starting time of a single additive channel of the iron-based tungsten carbide flux core wire and the starting time of a single channel between adjacent layers, so that each additive channel, the adjacent channels and the adjacent layers are in an alternate additive structure with superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel regions alternately distributed. According to the invention, the wire feeding time, time and track are adjusted by heterogeneous alternate melting of the iron-based tungsten carbide flux-cored wire and the stainless steel wire, so that a heterogeneous structure with a three-dimensional superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft stainless steel additive region alternately distributed is realized, the combination of ultrahigh hardness and high toughness is achieved, and the difficult problem of realizing the additive of superhard and soft materials is broken through.

Description

Iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure and manufacturing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of engineering technology, the performance optimization and improvement of homogeneous metal materials are increasingly difficult to meet various requirements, and the technical space is widened for the performance improvement of metal components through the composite energy of two or more materials. The iron-based tungsten carbide additive part has the characteristics of high strength and high hardness, but has poor impact toughness, and the stainless steel material has good impact toughness. In addition, the powder is mainly used for the additive of the tungsten carbide, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, a multi-dimensional heterogeneous additive structure of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel alternate fuse wire is urgently needed to improve the performance of the component.
The patent discloses a FeNi-based laser cladding doped tungsten carbide/chromium carbide composite reinforced high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof (application number CN201811022429.5), and discloses a preparation method of a tungsten carbide/chromium carbide composite coating. The method comprises the processes of matrix pretreatment, surfacing treatment, laser cladding treatment, vulcanization treatment and the like, the steps are complex, the prepared coating is thin, the additive manufacturing of large-scale sample pieces cannot be realized, and the equipment cost is high. A method for plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide coating (application number CN202010068190.6) discloses a method for plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide coating. The coating prepared by the method utilizes the wear resistance of tungsten carbide to the maximum extent, and the impact toughness of the nickel-based alloy is not changed, but the nickel-based alloy has higher cost and cannot realize additive manufacturing of large-scale sample pieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure and a manufacturing method thereof, which realize that three-dimensional superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive areas and soft stainless steel additive areas are both of heterogeneous structures which are alternately distributed, achieve the performance combination of ultrahigh hardness and high toughness, and break through the difficult problem of realizing the additive of superhard and soft materials; meanwhile, the additive crack of the molten iron-based tungsten carbide is effectively inhibited, and the problem of quality control of additive forming of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a heterogeneous additive structure of iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel is characterized in that regions of the additive structure of the iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel are distributed alternately in the transverse X direction, the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction.
Furthermore, in the longitudinal Y direction of the additive structure, the length of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is less than that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area, and the length L of the iron-based tungsten carbide additive area 1 24-45 mm, and the length L of the Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area 2 15-25 mm.
Furthermore, in the vertical Z direction of the additive structure, the thickness of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is close to that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area, and the thickness delta is 1-5 mm.
Furthermore, in the transverse X direction of the additive structure, the width of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is close to that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area, and the width is 5-10 mm; the width of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel zone is the width of each pass in the additive process.
A manufacturing method based on an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure comprises the following specific steps:
(1) heating a stainless steel substrate by using a low-temperature heat treatment furnace to reach a preset temperature, selecting technological parameters of additive current, arc advancing speed, ionic gas flow and protective gas flow, and igniting an arc on the stainless steel substrate;
(2) after an electric arc is ignited, firstly, a PLC control signal of a robot is utilized to open an iron-based tungsten carbide wire feeding switch, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is fed at a set wire feeding speed V f1 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 1 Melt to a length L 1 A superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region; then, the PLC of the robot is used for controlling the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire to be closed, simultaneously, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is opened, and then, the stainless steel wire is controlled to be at a set speed V f2 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 2 Melt to a length L 2 A soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive zone; the wires made of the two materials are circularly and alternately sent into the plasma arc area until the wire reaches the preset length of the 1 st single-channel additive material, and the electric arc is extinguished, so that a single-channel structure in which the 1 st extra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide additive material area and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive material area are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction is formed;
(3) the robot controls the welding gun to move to the starting point of the adjacent 2 nd material increase, the electric arc is ignited, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed at the same set wire feeding speed V f1 The feeding time of the wire is changed into a fixed time T 1 On the basis of reducing the track crossing time T 3 So that the length of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive channel at the starting end is reduced by L 3 (ii) a Then, the PLC of the robot is also used for controlling the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire to be closed, simultaneously, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is opened, and then the control is carried outMaking stainless steel wire material according to set speed V f2 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 2 Melt to a length L 2 The soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area; then according to the single-pass material increase mode in the step (2), the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed at a set wire feeding speed V f1 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 1 Melt to a length L 1 A superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region; the above steps are circulated until the preset length of the material adding channel is reached; next 3 adjacent additive welding passes, the feeding time of the starting end wire of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is from the fixed time T 1 2 times of the cross track time 2T is reduced on the basis of 3 Forming a 3 rd single-channel superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region in an alternating single-channel structure according to the same rule; the feeding time of the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material of the next adjacent welding pass is from a fixed time T 1 Sequentially reducing by 3T according to the number of additive channels 3 ，4T 3 …nT 3 Up to T 2 The time is reduced to zero, and the feeding time from the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is T 2 Circulating again until the size reaches the preset transverse single-layer cladding width, forming a single-channel structure in which an nth super-hard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region are alternated, and completing single-layer additive so as to form a structure in which the super-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel regions are alternately distributed in the transverse X direction;
(4) the robot controls the welding gun to move to the starting point of the 1 st material increase channel on the 1 st layer, then the welding gun is lifted to the same height according to the actual single-layer thickness delta, then the electric arc is ignited, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are fed according to the 2 nd channel on the 1 st layer and the starting end to reduce the channel crossing time T 3 Starting to switch, and fixing the time T according to the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire 1 And T 2 The materials are alternately fed and melted in a mode, so that a single-channel structure with the 1 st channel of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive regions and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive regions alternately on the 2 nd layer is formed; layer 2, lane 2, layer 2, lane 3, etc. of the second layerThe feeding time of iron-based tungsten carbide wires at the starting positions of adjacent welding beads is reduced by 2T in sequence 3 ,3T 3 …n-1T 3, Up to T 2 The time is reduced to zero, and the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the beginning is T again 2 Circulating again to finish the 2 nd layer material increase; and then the 1 st channel of each layer is in the same wire feeding and feeding switching additive mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer is in the same wire feeding and feeding switching additive mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, the n-1 th channel of each layer is in the same wire feeding and feeding switching additive mode as the nth channel of the previous layer until the preset height of the additive component is formed, and the stacking is completely stopped, so that a structure with multiple layers of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel areas alternately distributed in the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction is formed.
Further, the two alternately-melted wires are iron-based tungsten carbide wires and stainless steel wires, an electric arc heat source is a plasma arc, the iron-based tungsten carbide wires are flux-cored wires with the diameter of 1.6mm, and the mass fraction of tungsten carbide particles is 25-50%; the stainless steel wire is a solid wire with the diameter of 1.2mm and the mark is ER308 or ER 316L.
Further, the two alternately melted wire materials are iron-based tungsten carbide wire material and stainless steel wire material, and the iron-based tungsten carbide powder core wire material is used for feeding wire V f1 The speed is 1.0-3.0 m/min, and the stainless steel wire material is fed with wire V f2 The speed is 1.8-5.3 m/min, and the same single-channel stacking height is ensured.
Further, when the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are subjected to single-channel material increase, the robot controls the switch of wire feeding by using a PLC signal, and the advancing speed V of the electric arc w The range is 10-30 cm/min, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed for a fixed time T 1 The range is 5-27 s, the stainless steel wire rod is fed for a fixed time T 2 The range is 3-15 s.
Further, the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the starting position of the next material adding channel and the next material adding channel is sequentially reduced to reduce the channel crossing time T 3 Time of crossing track T 3 The range is 1-3 s.
Furthermore, in adjacent additive layers, the 1 st channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, and the n-1 th channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the nth channel of the previous layer; n is set based on the width in the X direction and the bead width.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. the three-dimensional superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive area and the soft stainless steel additive area prepared by the method are alternately distributed, so that the performance combination of ultrahigh hardness and high toughness is achieved, and the problem of realizing additive of superhard and soft materials is solved; 2. the additive part has excellent mechanical property, and has ultrahigh hardness and ultrahigh impact toughness; 3. the method is suitable for manufacturing multiple different types of three-dimensional heterogeneous large-scale additive parts, and has the characteristics of flexible implementation mode and good flexibility; 4. the method adopts an arc melting mode for preparation, and compared with a laser and electron beam deposition mode, the method has the advantages that the equipment cost is lower; 5. the method has higher additive manufacturing efficiency compared with powder laser or electron beam additive manufacturing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first layer of a multi-dimensional heterostructure with alternating material addition of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel. (white regions represent iron-based tungsten carbide materials and black regions represent stainless materials)
Fig. 2 is a front view of a multi-dimensional heterostructure with the alternative material increase of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel. (white areas represent iron-based tungsten carbide material and black areas represent stainless material)
Fig. 3 is a left side view of a multi-dimensional heterostructure with alternating additive regions of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel. (white areas represent iron-based tungsten carbide material and black areas represent stainless material)
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a heterostructure of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the procedure for the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel layer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The multidimensional heterostructure adopts plasma arc as a fuse heat source, the additive current set in the additive process is 120A, the ionic gas flow is 1.2L/min, and the protective gas flow is 18L/min.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the super hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft stainless steel regions are alternately distributed in the transverse X direction, the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction.
The length of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is less than that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area in the longitudinal Y direction, and the length L of the iron-based tungsten carbide additive area 1 30mm, the length L of the Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area 2 Is 15 mm.
In the multi-dimensional heterogeneous additive structure, the thickness of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is close to that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area in the direction vertical to Z, and the thickness delta is 3 mm.
With reference to fig. 1 to 5, the method for manufacturing a multi-dimensional heterogeneous additive structure includes the following specific steps:
(1) heating a stainless steel substrate to 100 ℃ by using a low-temperature heat treatment furnace, selecting process parameters of additive current, arc advancing speed, ionic gas flow and protective gas flow, and then igniting an arc on the stainless steel substrate;
(2) after an electric arc is ignited, firstly, a PLC control signal of a robot is utilized to turn on an iron-based tungsten carbide wire material feeding switch, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed into the electric arc to be melted according to a set 1.0m/min, and the wire material is melted into a superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region with the length of 30mm when being fed and fixed according to a preset electric arc advancing speed of 10cm/min for 18 s; and then, the PLC of the robot is used for controlling the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire to be closed, meanwhile, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is turned on, then the stainless steel wire is controlled to be fed into the electric arc to be melted at a set speed of 1.8m/min, and the wire is fed for a fixed time of 9s at a preset electric arc advancing speed of 10cm/min to be melted to form a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel material increase area with the length of 15 mm. The wires made of the two materials are circularly and alternately sent into a plasma arc area, after the length of the 1 st single-channel additive reaches 27cm, the electric arc is extinguished, and therefore a single-channel structure with the 1 st extra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide additive area and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction is formed;
(3) the robot controls the welding gun to move the starting point of the adjacent 2 nd additive, the electric arc is ignited, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is fed into the electric arc for melting according to the same set 1.0m/min, the wire feeding time is changed into fixed time 18s, and the staggering time is reduced by 1s, so that the length of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive channel at the starting end is reduced by 1.7 mm; then, the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is controlled to be closed by the PLC of the robot, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is turned on at the same time, then the stainless steel wire is controlled to be fed into an electric arc for melting at a set speed of 1.8m/min, and the wire is fed into the electric arc for a fixed time of 9s at a preset electric arc advancing speed of 10cm/min and is melted to form a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area with the length of 15 mm; then according to the single-pass additive manufacturing mode in the step (2), feeding the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material into an electric arc for melting according to a set speed of 1.0m/min, and feeding the wire material for a fixed time of 18s according to a preset electric arc advancing speed of 10cm/min to melt the wire material to form a superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive manufacturing area with the length of 30 mm; the above steps are repeated until the additive channel length of 27cm is reached. And (3) next adjacent 3 rd additive welding pass, wherein the feeding time of the starting end wire of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is reduced by 2 times of the staggering time (namely 2s) from the fixed time of 18s, and a 3 rd single-pass superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region are formed into a single-pass structure in an alternating mode according to the same rule. The feeding time of the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material of the subsequent adjacent welding passes is reduced by 3 multiplied by 1s, 4 multiplied by 1s … n multiplied by 1s from the fixed time of 18s according to the number of additive passes until T 2 The time is reduced to zero, and the circulation is started again according to the feeding time of 18s from the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material until the material increase is finished for 20 times, and the single-layer material increase is finished, so that the ultra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel areas in the transverse X direction are all in an area alternate distribution structure;
(4) the robot controls the welding gun to move to the starting point of the 1 st material increase channel on the 1 st layer, then the welding gun is lifted to the same height according to the actual single-layer thickness of 3mm, then the electric arc is ignited, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are fed according to the 2 nd channel on the 1 st layerThe starting end reduces the channel crossing time for 1s and starts to switch, and then the materials are alternately fed and melted according to the fixed time of 18s and 9s for the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material and the stainless steel wire material, so that a single-channel structure with the 1 st channel of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region on the 2 nd layer alternated is formed; the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire rods at the start of the adjacent weld beads of the second layer such as the 2 nd layer, the 3 rd layer and the like is sequentially reduced by 2 x 1s,3 x 1s … (n-1) x 1s , Up to T 2 The time is reduced to zero, the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the beginning is changed to 18s, and the circulation is started again to finish the 2 nd-layer material increase. And then the 1 st channel of each layer has the same wire feeding and feeding switching material increasing mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer has the same wire feeding and feeding switching material increasing mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, and the n-1 th channel of each layer has the same wire feeding and feeding switching material increasing mode as the nth channel of the previous layer, and the stacking is completely stopped until the material increasing piece reaches 50cm high, so that a structure that the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel areas in the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction are alternately distributed is formed.
The two alternately-melted wires are iron-based tungsten carbide wires and stainless steel wires, the arc heat source is plasma arc, the iron-based tungsten carbide wires are cored wires with the diameter of 1.6mm, and the mass fraction of tungsten carbide particles is 25%; the stainless steel wire is a solid wire with the diameter of 1.2mm and the mark is ER 308.
The two alternately melted wires are iron-based tungsten carbide wire and stainless steel wire, the wire feeding speed of the iron-based tungsten carbide powder core wire is 1.0m/min, the wire feeding speed of the stainless steel wire is 1.8m/min, and the same single-channel stacking height is ensured.
When the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are subjected to single-pass material increase, a robot controls a wire feeding switch by using a PLC signal, the advancing speed of an electric arc is 10cm/min, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is fed for a fixed time T 1 For 18s, stainless steel wire is fed for a fixed time T 2 Is 9 s.
The feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the starting position of the next material adding channel and the next material adding channel is reduced by 1s in sequence.
And in the adjacent additive layers, the 1 st channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, and the n-1 th channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the nth channel of the previous layer.
The average microhardness value of the sample obtained by material increase reaches 1432HV, and is remarkably improved compared with 202HV of pure stainless steel; the dynamic yield strength obtained by a Hopkinson bar test reaches 1800MPa, and is greatly improved compared with 600MPa of pure stainless steel; the impact value is 26KJ, and is improved to a certain extent compared with 5KJ of pure iron-based tungsten carbide.
Example 2
The multi-dimensional heterostructure adopts plasma arcs as a fuse wire heat source, the additive current set in the additive process is 150A, the ionic gas flow is 1.0L/min, and the protective gas flow is 20L/min.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the regions of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel are distributed alternately in the transverse X direction, the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction.
The length of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is less than that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area in the longitudinal Y direction, and the length L of the iron-based tungsten carbide additive area 1 Is 45mm, and the length L of the Cr-Ni stainless steel additive material area 2 Is 15 mm.
In the multi-dimensional heterogeneous additive structure, the thickness of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is close to that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area in the Z direction in the vertical direction, and the thickness delta is 5 mm.
With reference to fig. 1 to 5, the method for manufacturing a multi-dimensional heterogeneous additive structure includes the following specific steps:
(1) heating a stainless steel substrate to 150 ℃ by using a low-temperature heat treatment furnace, selecting process parameters of additive current, arc advancing speed, ionic gas flow and protective gas flow, and then igniting an arc on the stainless steel substrate;
(2) after an electric arc is ignited, firstly, a PLC control signal of a robot is utilized to turn on an iron-based tungsten carbide wire material feeding switch, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed into the electric arc for melting according to a set 3m/min, the wire material is fed for a fixed time of 15s according to a preset electric arc advancing speed of 18cm/min, and a superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive area with the length of 45mm is formed by melting; and then, the PLC of the robot is used for controlling the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire to be closed, meanwhile, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is turned on, then the stainless steel wire is controlled to be fed into an electric arc for melting at a set speed of 5.3m/min, and the wire is fed into the electric arc for a fixed time of 5s at a preset electric arc advancing speed of 18cm/min and is melted to form a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area with the length of 15 mm. The wires made of the two materials are circularly and alternately sent into a plasma arc area, after the length of the 1 st single-channel additive reaches 30cm, the electric arc is extinguished, and therefore a single-channel structure with the 1 st extra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide additive area and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction is formed;
(3) the robot controls the welding gun to move the starting point of the adjacent 2 nd additive, the electric arc is ignited, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is fed into the electric arc for melting according to the same set 3.0m/min, the wire feeding time is changed into fixed time 18s, the staggering time is reduced by 1.5s, and the length of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive channel at the starting end is reduced by 4.5 mm; then, the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is controlled to be closed by the PLC of the robot, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is turned on at the same time, then the stainless steel wire is controlled to be fed into an electric arc for melting at a set speed of 5.3m/min, the wire is fed for a fixed time of 7.5s at a preset electric arc advancing speed of 18cm/min, and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area with the length of 20mm is formed by melting; then feeding the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material into an electric arc for melting according to the single-channel material increase mode in the step (2) and the set 1.8m/min, feeding the wire material for fixed time of 15s at the preset electric arc advancing speed of 18cm/min, and melting to form a super-hard iron-based tungsten carbide material increase area with the length of 40 mm; and circulating the steps until the additive channel length of 30cm is reached. And (3) in the next adjacent 3 rd additive welding pass, the feeding time of the starting end wire of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is reduced by 2 times of the staggering time (namely 3s) from the fixed time of 15s, and a 3 rd single-pass structure with a single-pass superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region which are alternated is formed according to the same rule. The subsequent feeding time of the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material of the adjacent welding passes is reduced by 3 multiplied by 1.5s, 4 multiplied by 1.5s … n multiplied by 1.5s from the fixed time of 15s according to the number of material added channels until T 2 The time is reduced to zero, the circulation is started again according to the feeding time of 15s from the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire until 25 times of material increase is finished, and then the single-layer material increase is finished, so that the ultra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel areas in the transverse X direction are all in an area alternate distribution structure;
(4) the robot controls a welding gun to move to the starting point of the 1 st material increase channel on the 1 st layer, then the welding gun is lifted to the same height according to the actual single-layer thickness of 5mm, then an electric arc is ignited, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire start end on the 1 st layer and the 2 nd channel wire feeding start end reduce the channel-crossing time for 1.5s and start to switch, and then the materials are alternately fed and melted according to the fixed time of 15s and 5s of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire, so that a single-channel structure with the 1 st channel iron-based tungsten carbide material increase area and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel material increase area on the 2 nd layer and alternated is formed; the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire rods at the start of the adjacent weld beads of the second layer such as the 2 nd layer, the 3 rd layer and the like is sequentially reduced by 2 x 1.5s,3 x 1.5s … (n-1) x 1.5s , Up to T 2 Reducing the time to zero, re-feeding the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the beginning for 15s, and starting to circulate again to finish the 2 nd-layer material increase. And then the 1 st channel of each layer has the same wire feeding and feeding switching material increasing mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer has the same wire feeding and feeding switching material increasing mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, and the n-1 th channel of each layer has the same wire feeding and feeding switching material increasing mode as the nth channel of the previous layer, and the stacking is completely stopped until the material increasing piece reaches the height of 60cm, so that a structure that the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel areas in the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction are alternately distributed is formed.
The two alternately-melted wires are iron-based tungsten carbide wires and stainless steel wires, the arc heat source is plasma arc, the iron-based tungsten carbide wires are cored wires with the diameter of 1.6mm, and the mass fraction of tungsten carbide particles is 40%; the stainless steel wire is a solid wire with the diameter of 1.2mm and the mark is ER 316L.
The two alternately melted wires are iron-based tungsten carbide wire and stainless steel wire, the wire feeding speed of the iron-based tungsten carbide powder core wire is 3.0m/min, the wire feeding speed of the stainless steel wire is 5.3m/min, and the same single-channel stacking height is ensured.
The robot controls the switch of wire feeding by using PLC signals when the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are subjected to single-channel material increase, the advancing speed of an electric arc is 18cm/min, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is fed for a fixed time T 1 For 15s, stainless steel wire is fed for a fixed time T 2 Is 5 s.
The feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the starting position of the next material adding channel and the next material adding channel is reduced by 1.5s in sequence.
And in the adjacent additive layers, the 1 st channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, and the n-1 th channel of each layer has the same additive mode as the nth channel of the previous layer.
The average microhardness value of the sample obtained by material increase reaches 1362HV, and is remarkably improved compared with 196HV of pure stainless steel; the dynamic yield strength obtained by the Hopkinson bar test reaches 1640MPa, and is greatly improved compared with 630MPa of pure stainless steel; the impact value is 30KJ, and is improved to a certain extent compared with 4KJ of pure iron-based tungsten carbide.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. All modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that come within the spirit of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A manufacturing method of an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure is characterized in that regions of the additive structure, namely, ultra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel, are distributed alternately in the transverse X direction, the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) heating a stainless steel substrate by using a low-temperature heat treatment furnace to reach a preset temperature, selecting technological parameters of additive current, arc advancing speed, ionic gas flow and protective gas flow, and igniting an arc on the stainless steel substrate;
(2) after the electric arc is ignited, firstly, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is opened by using a PLC control signal of a robot to be fedTurning off the iron-based tungsten carbide wire according to the set wire feeding speed V f1 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 1 Melt to a length L 1 A superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region; then, the PLC of the robot is used for controlling the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire to be closed, simultaneously, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is opened, and then, the stainless steel wire is controlled to be at a set speed V f2 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 2 Melt to a length L 2 A soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area; the wires made of the two materials are circularly and alternately sent into a plasma arc area until the preset 1 st single-channel additive length is reached, and electric arcs are extinguished, so that a single-channel structure with the 1 st longitudinal superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive area and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area alternately is formed;
(3) the robot controls the welding gun to move to the starting point of the adjacent 2 nd material increase, the electric arc is ignited, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed at the same set wire feeding speed V f1 The feeding time of the wire is changed into a fixed time T 1 On the basis of reducing the track crossing time T 3 So that the length of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive channel at the starting end is reduced by L 3 (ii) a Then, the PLC of the robot is also used for controlling the feeding of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire to be closed, simultaneously, a stainless steel wire feeding switch is opened, and then, the stainless steel wire is controlled to be at a set speed V f2 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 2 Melt to a length L 2 The soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area; then according to the single-pass material increase mode in the step (2), the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed at a set wire feeding speed V f1 Feeding into an arc for melting, the wire advancing at a predetermined arc speed V w Is fed for a fixed time T 1 Melt to a length L 1 A superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region; the above steps are circulated until the preset length of the material adding channel is reached; next 3 adjacent additive welding passes, the feeding time of the starting end wire of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is from the fixed time T 1 On the basis of reducing 2 times of track crossingM 2T 3 Forming a 3 rd single-channel superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region in an alternating single-channel structure according to the same rule; the feeding time of the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material of the next adjacent welding pass is from a fixed time T 1 Sequentially reducing by 3T according to the number of additive tracks 3 ，4T 3 …nT 3 Up to T 1 The time is reduced to zero, and the feeding time from the starting end of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is T 1 Circulating again until the size reaches the preset transverse single-layer cladding width, forming a single-channel structure in which an nth super-hard iron-based tungsten carbide additive region and a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region are alternated, and completing single-layer additive so as to form a structure in which the super-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel regions are alternately distributed in the transverse X direction;
(4) the robot controls the welding gun to move to the starting point of the 1 st material increase channel on the 1 st layer, then the welding gun is lifted to the same height according to the actual single-layer thickness delta, then the electric arc is ignited, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are fed according to the 2 nd channel on the 1 st layer and the starting end to reduce the channel crossing time T 3 Starting to switch, and fixing the time T according to the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire 1 And T 2 The materials are alternately fed and melted in a mode, so that a single-channel structure with the 1 st channel of superhard iron-based tungsten carbide additive regions and the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel additive regions alternately on the 2 nd layer is formed; the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the adjacent welding bead starting positions of the 2 nd layer, the 3 rd layer and the other second layers is sequentially reduced by 2T 3 ,3T 3 …n-1T 3, Up to T 1 The time is reduced to zero, and the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the beginning is T again 1 Circulating again to finish the 2 nd layer material increase; then the 1 st channel of each layer is the same as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer in wire feeding and feeding switching additive mode, the 2 nd channel of each layer is the same as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer in wire feeding and feeding switching additive mode, the n-1 th channel of each layer is the same as the n-th channel of the previous layer in wire feeding and feeding switching additive mode until the preset height of the additive component is formed, and the stacking is stopped completely, so that a plurality of layers of super hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel areas in the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction are alternately distributedAnd (5) structure.
2. The manufacturing method of the iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure according to claim 1, wherein the two alternately melted wires are an iron-based tungsten carbide wire and a stainless steel wire, an electric arc heat source is a plasma arc, the iron-based tungsten carbide wire is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.6mm, and the mass fraction of tungsten carbide particles is 25% -50%; the stainless steel wire is a solid wire with the diameter of 1.2mm and the mark is ER308 or ER 316L.
3. The method of manufacturing an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure according to claim 1, wherein: the two alternately melted wires are iron-based tungsten carbide wire and stainless steel wire, and iron-based tungsten carbide powder core wire is fed with wire V f1 The speed is 1.0-3.0 m/min, and the stainless steel wire is fed with wire V f2 The speed is 1.8-5.3 m/min, and the same single-channel stacking height is ensured.
4. The method of manufacturing an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure according to claim 1, wherein: the robot controls the switch of wire feeding by PLC signal when the iron-based tungsten carbide wire and the stainless steel wire are added in a single channel, and the advancing speed V of the electric arc w The range is 10-30 cm/min, and the iron-based tungsten carbide wire material is fed for a fixed time T 1 The range is 5-27 s, the stainless steel wire rod is fed for a fixed time T 2 The range is 3-15 s.
5. The method of manufacturing an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding time of the iron-based tungsten carbide wire at the starting position of the next material adding channel and the next material adding channel is reduced sequentially to reduce the channel crossing time T 3 Time of crossing track T 3 The range is 1-3 s.
6. The method of manufacturing an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure according to claim 1, wherein: the 1 st channel of each layer is in the same material increase mode as the 2 nd channel of the previous layer, the 2 nd channel of each layer is in the same material increase mode as the 3 rd channel of the previous layer, and the n-1 th channel of each layer is in the same material increase mode as the nth channel of the previous layer; n is set based on the width in the X direction and the bead width.
7. An iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure prepared based on the manufacturing method of the iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the additive structure is characterized in that regions of the super-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel in the transverse X direction, the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction are alternately distributed; in the longitudinal Y direction of the additive structure, the length of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is less than that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area, and the length L of the iron-based tungsten carbide additive area 1 24-45 mm, and the length L of the Cr-Ni stainless steel additive area 2 15-25 mm; in the vertical Z direction of the additive structure, the thickness of a soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is close to that of a superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area, and the thickness delta is 1-5 mm; in the transverse X direction of the additive structure, the width of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel area is close to that of the superhard iron-based tungsten carbide area, and the width is 5-10 mm; the width of the soft Cr-Ni stainless steel zone is the width of each pass in the additive process.
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