CN115582625A - Welding method and device combining laser-arc hybrid welding and backing with arc regulation - Google Patents
Welding method and device combining laser-arc hybrid welding and backing with arc regulation Download PDFInfo
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method and a welding device for laser-arc hybrid welding bottoming combined with electric arc regulation, and relates to the technical field of material processing engineering; the device comprises a preheating device, a laser-arc composite heat source, a combined arc heat source and a cooling control device which are sequentially arranged above a workpiece to be welded and can move synchronously; the space between the preheating device, the laser-arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the controlled cooling device can be adjusted. The welding method based on the device can improve the shape and performance quality of the welding structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing engineering, in particular to a welding method and a welding device for laser-arc hybrid welding and backing combined arc regulation.
Background
With the continuous iterative upgrade of the manufacturing technology, the technical problems of low welding efficiency, large welding deformation, poor welding forming quality, difficult solution of defects in the welding seam and the like of the medium-thickness large-sized component by adopting the conventional welding method become technical problems which hinder the equipment manufacturing technology to be promoted and need to be solved urgently. At present, the welding of the components requires that the welding process has high production efficiency, the performance of the welded joint can be further improved, the actual requirements can be better met, and the effects of high quality, high efficiency and production cost reduction are achieved. The laser-arc hybrid welding has the technical advantages of high welding efficiency, few internal defects of welding seams and the like, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace and the like. However, for a welding structure made of a special material, a groove type or required service, the problems are often difficult to solve by conventional laser-arc hybrid welding due to poor process adaptability in the welding process and the defects of cracks, air holes and the like generated in the welding process or after welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method and a welding device for laser-arc hybrid welding backing combined with arc regulation and control, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and improving the shape and performance quality of a welding structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a welding device for laser-arc hybrid welding bottoming and arc regulation and control, which comprises a preheating device, a laser-arc hybrid heat source, a hybrid arc heat source and a cooling control device, wherein the preheating device, the laser-arc hybrid heat source, the hybrid arc heat source and the cooling control device are sequentially arranged above a workpiece to be welded and can move synchronously; the space between the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device can be adjusted. The invention can obviously improve the production efficiency, the metallurgical reaction of the welding joint and the welding thermal cycle process can be accurately regulated, laser arc composite bottoming is adopted, the arc regulation and control are combined, the invention is suitable for the non-groove welding of the medium plate, and the 10-15mm thick steel plate of the welding finger of the non-groove welding of the medium plate can be directly welded without the groove welding after the mechanical processing; the laser-electric arc composite bottoming aims are to finish conventional bottoming welding, and different electric arcs are adopted according to different working conditions, so that the purposes of increasing process adaptability, improving welding bead forming quality, regulating and controlling welding seam metallurgical performance and the like can be achieved; the purpose of the combined arc regulation is different according to the actual application scene, and the functions of the combined arc regulation can be divided into the purposes of filling the welding seam, optimizing the forming quality of the welding seam, regulating and controlling the metallurgical performance of the welding seam, controlling the thermal cycle of the welding bead in the whole welding process and the like.
The laser-arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source, the preheating device and the cooling control device are integrated on one welding device, and the preheating device, the composite heat source, the combined heat source and the cooling control device are driven by the welding device to move simultaneously in the welding process. In the implementation process of the process, according to the difference of welding structure materials, characteristic dimensions, boundary conditions and the like, the heat transfer of a welding joint, metallurgical reaction of a welding seam region, internal flow of a liquid molten pool and stress distribution characteristics of the welding joint in the welding process can be changed by flexibly adjusting the distance between a preheating heat source, a composite heat source, a combined heat source and a cold and heat control source, the types of the two heat sources of the composite heat source and the combined heat source, the welding speed and the output power of the four heat sources, so that the comprehensive synchronous regulation and control of the components and the heat circulation process of the welding joint are realized, and the aim of improving the welding joint configuration/quality is finally fulfilled. In addition, the laser beam may be a swinging beam and the secondary torch emitting the combined arc may also be a swinging arc, depending on the welding quality and efficiency requirements. The regulation and control of the metallurgical reaction process of the welding seam area refers to the regulation of the alloy components of the welding joint by selecting and matching the strength criteria of the welding wires used by the main arc and the combined arc or the types of the welding wires, so that the regulation and control of the metallurgical process of the welding seam are achieved, and the service performance of the joint in a special environment is improved. For example, the laser melts the base material, the welding wire components of the consumable electrode composite arc can be selected, the welding wire components of the combined arc can also be selected, and the fusion ratio can also be controlled by adjusting the distance between the combined arc and the laser arc composite heat source, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the mechanical properties or the physicochemical properties of different areas of the welding joint is achieved. The intensity matching criterion refers to high intensity matching, low intensity matching or equal intensity matching. In practical application, the main arc can adopt low-strength matching to achieve the purpose of toughening, and the combined arc can adopt high-strength matching to achieve the purpose of improving the strength of the joint, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the welded joint is improved. The welding wire type can be solid welding wire or flux-cored welding wire. For example, in order to improve the adaptability to larger gaps, the welding wire for the main welding gun can be a flux-cored welding wire, and the auxiliary welding gun can be a solid welding wire; or in order to accurately regulate and control the plasticity and toughness of the backing weld metal, the main welding gun adopts a flux-cored wire for backing, and the auxiliary welding gun adopts a solid welding wire for covering. A method for accurately regulating and controlling a welding thermal cycle process refers to that after a laser-arc composite heat source passes through at a certain speed, a combined arc comprehensively regulates the distance between arcs and the arc current, so that the regulation and control of the welding thermal process are realized, and the purpose of regulating and controlling the thermal cycle of a welding joint is further achieved. Adjusting the distance between the heat sources according to different welding structure materials, characteristic sizes, boundary conditions and the like, wherein the characteristic sizes mainly refer to the thickness of a welding joint; the boundary conditions mainly refer to the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density of the material, and the ambient temperature and humidity during welding.
The liquid bath flow process refers to changing the flow pattern inside the bath by changing the arc characteristics. For example, in order to improve the forming and internal quality of a welding seam, on the basis of laser consumable electrode composite arc priming, on the premise of improving the flow stability of a liquid molten pool by using a non-consumable electrode TIG electric arc, surface layer air holes of a priming welding seam formed by a consumable electrode are removed, and the purpose of improving the welding seam quality is achieved. The change of the stress distribution of the welding joint mainly means that the internal stress distribution characteristics of the welding joint are regulated and controlled through the intensity matching of welding wires and the accurate regulation and control of a thermal cycle process according to different welding materials and welding structures of the welding joint, the low-stress welding of the welding joint is realized, and the deformation of the welding structure is reduced.
Optionally, the laser arc hybrid welding heat source includes a main welding gun and a laser emitter, the main welding gun is capable of emitting a main arc, and the laser emitter is capable of emitting a laser beam; the laser emitter is a solid laser, a gas laser or a semiconductor laser.
Optionally, the joint arc heat source includes a secondary welding gun, the secondary welding gun can emit a secondary arc, whether the primary arc is a bottoming arc or a joint secondary arc, that is, an arc formed by gas metal arc welding or an arc formed by non-gas metal arc welding, and the shielding gases for the two arcs can be independently adjusted according to different practical application requirements, for example, a mixed gas prepared by active gas and inert gas in a certain proportion can be used for the secondary welding gun to improve the forming quality, and the inert gas can be used for the laser arc hybrid welding gun to improve the purity of the weld metal and improve the service performance of the welded joint without affecting the forming quality.
Optionally, the preheating device is a flame preheating device or an electric preheating device.
Optionally, the cooling control device is a heating device, and the energy source generally used by the heating device can be heating methods such as flame and electric power.
Optionally, the cooling control device is a cooling device, energy used by the cooling device can be divided into cooling modes such as air cooling and water cooling according to different types, the cooling control device is selected according to the type of a welded material, and a heating device is selected according to the cooling control mode of steel with a high hardening tendency, such as high-strength steel, so as to achieve the effect of slow cooling; a cooling device is selected for a material which is sensitive to heat, so that the welding seam can be rapidly cooled, and the mechanical property reduction caused by the overlarge metal crystal grains of the welding seam can be prevented; the medium of the cooling device is gas or dry ice, the cooling device comprises a first cooling channel, a second cooling channel and a third cooling channel which are arranged in parallel, and the regulation and control of the heat circulation process of the heat affected zone of the welding seam and the central position of the welding seam can be realized by controlling the flow and the connection and disconnection of the medium in the first cooling channel, the second cooling channel and the third cooling channel.
The power P1 of the composite heat source refers to the sum of the laser P11 and the main electric arc P12; the combined arc power P2 refers to the power of the main arc; the energy of the heat source is P3; the power of the heat source of the cooling control device is P4.
The invention also provides a welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding backing with arc regulation, which comprises the following steps:
selecting an electric arc type, a welding wire type, a preheating device and a cooling control device according to a welding structure and technical requirements;
adjusting the distance d between the laser and a filament of a main welding gun, wherein the distance d is generally set to be 2-8mm; adjusting the distance between the four heat sources, wherein the distance L1 between the preheating device and the composite heat source is generally set to be 300-800mm; the distance between the composite heat source and the combined arc heat source is generally set to be 50-400mm; the distance between the welding gun and the cooling control device is generally set to be 30-500mm;
respectively setting start-stop signals of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device when the start-stop signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample, wherein the start-stop signals of the preheating device are sent from the initial position of a welding component, the residence time t0 is about 100-500ms, and the positions of the start-stop signals of the laser, the main welding gun, the auxiliary welding gun and the cooling control device are all at the initial position of the welding component;
respectively setting stop signals of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device when the stop signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample, wherein the stop signals of the laser, the main welding gun, the auxiliary welding gun and the cooling control device are all at the end position of the welding component;
checking whether the working states of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device are normal or not;
step six, respectively setting laser power P, welding current I1 and voltage V1 of a slave welding gun, welding current I2 and voltage V2 of a main welding gun, shielding gas types of the main welding gun and the slave welding gun, gas flow Q1 and gas flow Q2 of each welding gun, and working parameters of a preheating device and a cooling control device according to the size of a welding sample;
and step seven, starting the equipment to start welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts laser arc compounding, which not only gives full play to the strong penetrating power of the high-energy density laser, but also improves the working condition adaptability, and can meet the requirement of high-quality welding with a 3-4mm gap. The combined electric arc is positioned at the rear end of the laser electric arc composite heat source, the waste heat after the composite heat source is welded is beneficial to keeping the good stability of the electric arc during high-speed welding, and the welding speed can reach 2-3m/min. Through preheating before welding, slow cooling after welding, and adjusting the distance between the combined electric arc and the composite heat source and the welding current, the thermal cycle process of the welding joint can be effectively and comprehensively regulated, and the regulation and control of the tissue performance of a welding area are realized. When the combined arc or the main welding gun is used for gas metal arc welding, the preparation of the gradient material can be realized by changing the components of the welding wire, the purpose of regulating and controlling the service performance of the welding joint is achieved, and the flexible regulation and control of the inside toughness and the outside strength of the welding joint or the inside toughness and the inside strength are realized. When the combined arc is non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding, the purpose of improving the forming quality of the welding seam can be further achieved on the basis of realizing the regulation and control of the structure performance through the high-stability non-consumable electrode arc. When the welding head to be welded has a groove, the bottoming and the capping are carried out simultaneously, the welding of the large groove can be finished once, the integral improvement of the integral welding efficiency is facilitated, and the consistency of the welding quality can be ensured. When the medium and thick plates are not beveled during welding, the composite heat source formed by the laser and the main welding gun can realize good penetrating power, the double-sided forming of single-sided welding is guaranteed, the secondary welding gun can directly complete the facing work, a large amount of welding wires can be saved, the dilution rate can be reduced, and the mechanical property of a welding joint can be better guaranteed. The cold control device can realize accurate regulation and control of the welding joint, namely the whole-area thermal cycle process of the welding seam heat affected zone and the welding seam center position according to the weak area of the mechanical property of the welding joint, by controlling the array arrangement mode of the cooling channels and the setting of the air flow and the on-off state, and meet the comprehensive requirements of different areas of the welding joint on the mechanical properties such as ductility, toughness and strength in the service process. For some materials sensitive to hardening tendency, the area through which the laser-arc composite welding gun just passes is in a high-temperature state, the temperature of the rear gun passing through the area can be controlled by adjusting the current and the distance from the welding gun, and the interlayer temperature can be well controlled without using other auxiliary heat sources, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the accurate regulation and control of the thermal cycle of a welding joint are facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural arrangement of a laser-arc hybrid welding backing combined with arc regulation and control welding device according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1-laser emitter, 2-laser beam, 3-preheating device, 4-heating device, 5-workpiece to be welded, 6-main welding gun, 7-auxiliary welding gun, 8-first cooling channel, 9-second cooling channel, 10-third cooling channel, 11-cooling device, 12-first cooling gas beam, 13-second cooling gas beam and 14-third cooling gas beam.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a welding method and a welding device for laser-arc hybrid welding backing combined with arc regulation and control, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and improving the shape and performance quality of a welding structure.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a welding device for laser-arc hybrid welding bottoming combined arc regulation, as shown in figure 1, wherein the direction of a horizontal arrow in the figure is a welding direction, and the device comprises a preheating device 3, a laser-arc hybrid heat source, a combined arc heat source and a cooling control device which are sequentially arranged above a workpiece 5 to be welded and can synchronously move; the space between the preheating device 4, the laser-arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the controlled cooling device can be adjusted. The laser-arc hybrid welding heat source comprises a main welding gun 6 and a laser emitter 1, wherein the main welding gun 6 can emit main arcs, and the laser emitter 1 can emit laser beams 2; the laser transmitter 1 is a solid laser, a gas laser, or a semiconductor laser. The combined arc heat source comprises a secondary welding gun 7, the secondary arc can be emitted from the secondary welding gun 7, whether the primary arc is bottoming or the combined secondary arc, namely the arc formed by gas metal arc welding or the arc formed by non-gas metal arc welding, the shielding gases for the two arcs can be independently adjusted according to different practical application requirements, for example, a mixed gas formed by mixing active gas and inert gas in a certain proportion can be used for the secondary welding gun to improve the forming quality, and the inert gas can be used for the laser arc composite welding gun to improve the purity of weld metal and improve the service performance of a welding joint under the condition that the welding forming quality is not influenced. The preheating device 3 is a flame preheating device or an electric preheating device. The cooling control device is a heating device 4, and the heating device 4 generally uses heating methods such as flame, electric power and the like. In different embodiments, the cooling control device may also be a cooling device 11, the energy used by the cooling device 11 may be classified into cooling modes such as air cooling and water cooling according to different types, and the selection of the cooling control device selects a heating device according to the type of the material to be welded and the cooling control mode of steel with a high hardening tendency, such as high-strength steel, to achieve the effect of slow cooling; a cooling device is selected for a material which is sensitive to heat, so that the welding seam can be rapidly cooled, and the mechanical property reduction caused by the overlarge metal crystal grains of the welding seam can be prevented; the medium of the cooling device is gas or dry ice, the cooling device 11 comprises a first cooling channel 8, a second cooling channel 9 and a third cooling channel 10 which are arranged in parallel, a first cooling air beam 12, a second cooling air beam 13 and a third cooling air beam 14 can be respectively output in the first cooling channel 8, the second cooling channel 9 and the third cooling channel 10, and the regulation and control of the heat cycle process of the heat affected zone of the welding seam and the central position of the welding seam can be realized by controlling the flow and the on-off of the cooling air beams in the first cooling channel 8, the second cooling channel 9 and the third cooling channel 10.
The invention also provides a welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding and backing with electric arc regulation, which comprises the following steps:
selecting an electric arc type, a welding wire type, a preheating device and a cooling control device according to a welding structure and technical requirements;
step two, adjusting the distance d between the laser and the optical filament of the main welding gun 6, and generally setting the distance d to be 2-8mm; adjusting the distance between the four heat sources, wherein the distance L1 between the preheating device 3 and the composite heat source is generally set to be 300-800mm; the distance between the composite heat source and the combined arc heat source is generally set to be 50-400mm; the distance between the welding gun 7 and the cooling control device is generally set to be 30-500mm;
respectively setting start-stop signals of the laser emitter 1, the auxiliary welding gun 7, the main welding gun 6, the preheating device 3 and the cooling control device when the start-stop signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample piece, wherein in order to ensure the comprehensive quality of a welding component, the start-stop signals of the preheating device 3 are sent out from the initial position of the welding component, meanwhile, the retention time t0 is about 100-500ms, and the positions of the start-stop signals of the laser emitter 1, the main welding gun 6, the auxiliary welding gun 7 and the cooling control device are all at the initial position of the welding component;
respectively setting stop signals of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device when the stop signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample, wherein the stop signals of the laser emitter 1, the main welding gun 6, the auxiliary welding gun 7 and the cooling control device are all at the end positions of the welding component;
checking whether the working states of the preheating device 3, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device are normal or not;
step six, respectively setting laser power P, welding current I1 and voltage V1 of a slave welding gun, welding current I2 and voltage V2 of a main welding gun, shielding gas types of the main welding gun and the slave welding gun, gas flow Q1 and gas flow Q2 of each welding gun, and working parameters of a preheating device and a cooling control device according to the size of a welding sample;
and step seven, starting the equipment to start welding.
Example 1:
by integrating the technical key points of the method, 42CrMoA low-alloy high-strength steel with the thickness of 18mm is taken as an implementation object, the technical advantages of the welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding backing with arc regulation and control, which can accurately control the processes of welding metallurgy and thermal cycle, are described, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one, the groove is in an I-shaped groove, and the gap is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 mm; the main gun electric arc and the slave gun electric arc both adopt consumable electrode electric arcs, wherein the main gun welding wire adopts an ERNiCrMo-3 nickel-based welding wire, and the slave gun welding wire adopts an ER50-6 carbon steel welding wire; preheating by adopting flame; the slow cooling adopts medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating;
adjusting the distance d between the laser and the light filament of the main gun, wherein the distance is set to be 2-4mm; adjusting the distance between the four heat sources, wherein the distance L1 between the preheating device and the composite heat source is generally set to be 600-650mm; the distance between the composite heat source and the joint electric arc is set to be 200-210 mm; the distance between the welding gun and the slow cooling device is set to be 200-230mm;
respectively setting start-stop signals of the laser equipment, the secondary welding gun equipment, the main welding gun equipment, the preheating equipment and the cooling control equipment when the start-stop signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample piece, ensuring that the preheating and slow cooling of the whole workpiece can be realized, wherein the start signal of the preheating equipment is sent out from the initial position of a welding component, the retention time t0 is about 100-110ms, and the positions of the start signals of the laser, the main welding gun, the secondary welding gun and the cooling control device are all at the initial position of the welding component;
step four, respectively setting the stop signals of the laser equipment, the slave welding gun equipment, the main welding gun equipment, the preheating equipment and the slow cooling equipment, wherein the stop signals of the laser equipment, the main welding gun equipment, the slave welding gun equipment and the cold control device are all at the end position of the welding component;
checking whether the working states of the equipment laser equipment, the slave welding gun equipment, the main welding gun equipment, the preheating equipment and the cooling control equipment are normal or not;
step six, respectively setting the power P of a laser to be 16-18kW, the welding current I1 of a secondary welding gun to be 200-230A, the welding current V1 of the primary welding gun to be 22-25V, the welding current I2 of the primary welding gun to be 200-230A and the welding current V2 of the secondary welding gun to be 22-25V according to the size of a welding sample, wherein the types of protective gas of the primary welding gun and the secondary welding gun are respectively composed of 80% argon and 20% carbon dioxide, the gas flow is 15-20L/min, the preheating temperature of the surface of a workpiece is controlled to be about 120 ℃ by the flame of a flame preheating device, and the temperature of the passing position is controlled to be about 130 ℃ by a slow cooling device;
and step seven, starting the equipment to start welding.
After the welding is finished by adopting the conventional ER50-6 carbon steel welding wire, cold cracks are easy to appear in the welding seam area of the 42CrMoA test plate, and the welding can be finished by bottoming, filling and capping for multiple times. The welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding backing with electric arc regulation not only realizes one-time filling welding, but also reasonably sets the preheating before welding and the slow cooling distance after welding, accurately controls the transformation degree of martensite and bainite of the material, obtains more acicular ferrite and lower bainite, and reduces the hardening tendency of the material after welding; besides, the main welding gun can effectively reduce the martensite content of the welding seam from the welding metallurgy perspective by using the ERNiCrMo-3 nickel-based welding wire, so that the plasticity of the central area of the welding seam is improved, and the auxiliary welding gun selects the ER50-6 carbon steel welding wire to ensure that the upper surface of the welding seam obtains normal welding seam strength. By utilizing the method, the welding efficiency is improved by 1.5 times through the comprehensive regulation and control of welding thermal cycle and welding seam metallurgy, and the problem of welding seam cracking is also solved.
Example 2:
by combining the technical key points of the method, TC4 titanium alloy with the thickness of 12mm is taken as an implementation object, the technical advantages of the welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding backing with arc regulation and control, which can accurately control the welding metallurgy and the thermal cycle process, are explained, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one, the groove is in an I-shaped groove, and the gap is controlled to be 0.1-0.2 mm; the main gun electric arc and the auxiliary gun electric arc both adopt consumable electrode electric arcs, and welding wires are titanium alloy welding wires made of the same material; no preheating measure is taken before welding; controlling the thermal cycle process of a high-temperature area of a welding seam in an air cooling mode after welding;
adjusting the distance d between the laser and the light filament of the main gun, wherein the distance is set to be 2-4mm; adjusting the distance between the four heat sources, and the distance L1 between the preheating device and the composite heat source, without setting; the distance between the composite heat source and the combined electric arc is set to be between 100 and 120 mm; setting the distance between the welding gun and the slow cooling device to be 50-70mm;
and step three, respectively setting start and stop signals of the laser equipment, the slave welding gun equipment, the main welding gun equipment and the cooling control equipment when the signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample piece, wherein the signals of the preheating equipment are not set, and the workpiece can be ensured to realize the quick cooling effect after being welded. The starting signals of the laser, the main welding gun, the auxiliary welding gun and the cold control device are all at the initial position of a welding component;
respectively setting the stop signals of the laser equipment, the slave welding gun equipment, the main welding gun equipment and the cooling control equipment, wherein the stop signals of the laser equipment, the main welding gun, the slave welding gun and the cooling control equipment are all at the end position of the welding component;
checking whether the working states of the equipment laser equipment, the slave welding gun equipment, the main welding gun equipment and the cooling control equipment are normal or not;
and sixthly, respectively setting the power P of a laser to be 16-18kW, the welding current I1 of a secondary welding gun to be 200-230A, the welding voltage V1 to be 22-25V, the welding current I2 of a main welding gun to be 200-230A and the welding voltage V2 to be 22-25V according to the size of a welding sample, wherein the types of shielding gas of the main welding gun and the secondary welding gun are 100% argon, the gas flow is 18-20L/min, a cooling channel 8, a cooling channel 9 and a cooling channel 10 of the cooling control device are all opened, the gas flow pressure is 0.1Mpa, 0.3Mpa and 0.1Mpa, and the effect of rapidly cooling the welding bead is achieved.
And step seven, starting the equipment to start welding.
The large grain size of the welded titanium alloy seam produced by the conventional welding method has an adverse effect on mechanical properties. The welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding backing with electric arc regulation not only realizes one-time filling welding, but also reasonably sets the cooling control distance before and after welding, accurately controls the cooling speed of the welded seam, and reduces the grain size of the welded seam by 1.5 times.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a welding set that laser arc hybrid welding bottoming unites electric arc regulation and control which characterized in that: the device comprises a preheating device, a laser-arc composite heat source, a combined arc heat source and a cooling control device which are sequentially arranged above a workpiece to be welded and can move synchronously; the space between the preheating device, the laser-arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the controlled cooling device can be adjusted.
2. The laser-arc hybrid welding backing and arc-regulated welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser-arc hybrid welding heat source comprises a main welding gun and a laser emitter, wherein the main welding gun can emit a main arc, and the laser emitter can emit a laser beam; the laser emitter is a solid laser, a gas laser or a semiconductor laser.
3. The laser-arc hybrid welding backing and arc regulation combined welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combined arc heat source includes a slave torch capable of emitting a slave arc.
4. The laser-arc hybrid welding backing and arc-regulated welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preheating device is a flame preheating device or an electric preheating device.
5. The laser-arc hybrid welding backing and arc regulation combined welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cold control device is a heating device.
6. The laser-arc hybrid welding backing and arc-regulated welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling control device is a cooling device; the medium of the cooling device is gas or dry ice, the cooling device comprises a first cooling channel, a second cooling channel and a third cooling channel which are arranged in parallel, and the regulation and control of the heat circulation process of the heat affected zone of the welding seam and the central position of the welding seam can be realized by controlling the flow rate and the on-off of the medium in the first cooling channel, the second cooling channel and the third cooling channel.
7. A welding method combining laser-arc hybrid welding backing with arc regulation and control is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting an electric arc type, a welding wire type, a preheating device and a cooling control device according to a welding structure and technical requirements;
adjusting the distance between the laser beam and a light wire of a main welding gun, and adjusting the distance between a preheating device, a laser-arc composite heat source, a combined arc heat source and a cooling control device;
respectively setting start-stop signals of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device, which change along with the welding track, according to the characteristics of the welding sample piece, wherein the start-stop signals of the preheating device are sent out from the initial position of the welding component, and the start-stop signals of the laser, the main welding gun, the auxiliary welding gun and the cooling control device are all at the initial position of the welding component;
respectively setting stop signals of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device when the stop signals change along with the welding track according to the characteristics of the welding sample, wherein the stop signals of the laser, the main welding gun, the auxiliary welding gun and the cooling control device are all at the end position of the welding component;
checking whether the working states of the preheating device, the laser arc composite heat source, the combined arc heat source and the cooling control device are normal or not;
respectively setting the power of a laser, the welding current and voltage of a slave welding gun, the welding current and voltage of a main welding gun, the types of shielding gas of the main welding gun and the slave welding gun, the gas flow of each welding gun and the working parameters of a preheating device and a cooling control device according to the size of a welding sample;
and step seven, starting the equipment to start welding.
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